20:
279:
In the event of high medium osmolarity, EnvZ actively undergoes auto-phosphorylation and then efficiently transfers its phosphoryl groups to the N-terminal receiver domain of OmpR through EnvZ-OmpR complex formation. As the number of phosphorylated OmpR protein molecules increases, two events occur:
122:
trigger conformational changes in EnvZ which have been localized to the cytoplasmic four-helix bundle and which effects phosphoryl transfer to OmpR. Upon phosphorylation, OmpR becomes an active dimer that exhibits enhanced DNA-binding ability specific for both the
197:
OmpF and OmpC are present in various relative abundances based on medium osmolarity. Also, the amount of OmpF and OmpC are each controlled by a variety of mechanisms; for example, synthesis of OmpF is also repressed by high temperature. Likewise, the
222:
activity (i.e., high phosphatase activity) towards OmpR. Hence the amount of the phosphorylated form of OmpR in cells is relatively small. In this particular situation, the OmpR-P complex binds cooperatively to
267:
under low osmolarity condition. This phenomenon has been attributed to the fact that OmpF has a larger pore diameter (1.12 nm) than OmpC (1.08 nm) which results in a 10-fold faster
755:
311:
mRNA to block its translation. These two mechanisms ensure that there is relatively higher expression of OmpC as compared to OmpF under the conditions of high medium osmolarity.
785:
760:
330:"Phosphorylation of a bacterial activator protein, OmpR, by a protein kinase, EnvZ, stimulates the transcription of the ompF and ompC genes in Escherichia coli"
710:
930:
750:
770:
735:
940:
904:
765:
856:
775:
864:
1006:
879:
874:
31:
703:
296:
gene expression is stimulated and more OmpC porin protein is expressed on outer membrane of the cell. Also, transcription of
780:
740:
960:
745:
288:
promoter but also to the one low affinity-binding site. Binding to this low affinity site results in repression of
202:
pair is involved in tripeptide permease system that is completely free of osmotic control. However, the control of
1001:
884:
696:
899:
889:
292:
gene. Further, OmpR binds to the three low affinity activator sites upstream of the OmpC promoters as a result
240:
57:
529:
Wang, Loo Chien; Morgan, Leslie K.; Godakumbura, Pahan; Kenney, Linda J.; Anand, Ganesh S. (2012-05-30).
894:
531:"The inner membrane histidine kinase EnvZ senses osmolality via helix-coil transitions in the cytoplasm"
281:
341:
87:
271:
rate that provides a selective advantage at low osmolarity to rapidly scavenge scarce nutrients.
169:
980:
869:
674:
666:
620:
568:
550:
508:
500:
459:
441:
400:
359:
720:
656:
610:
602:
558:
542:
490:
449:
431:
390:
349:
139:
71:
40:
194:
67:
63:
60:
53:
345:
945:
925:
661:
644:
615:
590:
563:
530:
495:
478:
300:
91:
45:
19:
454:
419:
995:
975:
606:
354:
329:
103:
115:
420:"A simulation model of Escherichia coli osmoregulatory switch using E-CELL system"
816:
243:. These sites have high relative affinity for OmpR-P complex as compared to the
176:
75:
970:
955:
920:
801:
589:
Foo, Yong Hwee; Gao, Yunfeng; Zhang, Hongfang; Kenney, Linda J. (2015-09-01).
119:
95:
78:
osmosensory domain, and OmpR is its corresponding response regulator protein.
49:
670:
554:
504:
445:
94:, the sensory and the transmitter domain. The protein is composed of a short
965:
268:
111:
107:
99:
624:
572:
463:
436:
404:
395:
378:
678:
546:
512:
363:
35:
193:
are expressed at all times at constant levels; however, the individual
950:
935:
826:
219:
688:
591:"Cytoplasmic sensing by the inner membrane histidine kinase EnvZ"
846:
841:
836:
831:
821:
806:
692:
811:
649:
Genes to Cells: Devoted to
Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms
379:"EnvZ-OmpR interaction and osmoregulation in Escherichia coli"
645:"Signal transduction via the histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay"
131:
genes. The signaling cascade can be elucidated as follows:
418:
Srividhya, K. V.; Krishnaswamy, Sankaran (2004-11-30).
280:
OmpR binds not only to the high affinity binding sites
106:
regions with an intervening periplasmic loop, and a
913:
855:
794:
728:
479:"Families of bacterial signal-transducing proteins"
86:EnvZ is a sensor-transmitter that spans the inner
643:Egger, L. A.; Park, H.; Inouye, M. (1997-03-01).
477:Gross, R.; Aricò, B.; Rappuoli, R. (1989-11-01).
206:over OmpF and OmpC is a significant mechanism.
172:to differentially modulate their transcription.
704:
8:
595:Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
524:
522:
160:Binding of OmpR-P to upstream sites on the
90:and has historically been divided into two
711:
697:
689:
584:
582:
660:
614:
562:
494:
453:
435:
394:
353:
110:domain containing the autophosphorylated
48:, responding to changes in environmental
597:. Mechanism of Transmembrane Signaling.
303:is initiated at high medium osmolarity.
137:Activation of the inner membrane sensor
18:
761:2006 North American (multiple; O157:H7)
638:
636:
634:
328:Aiba, H; Mizuno, T (12 February 1990).
320:
114:residue, which is located in a dimeric
38:and particularly well characterized in
756:2006 North American (spinach; O157:H7)
7:
259:. Therefore transcription levels of
175:Dephosphorylation of OmpR-P via the
383:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
307:binds to complementary sequence of
662:10.1046/j.1365-2443.1997.d01-311.x
496:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00152.x
377:Cai, SJ; Inouye, M (5 July 2002).
218:, EnvZ exhibits comparatively low
14:
607:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.04.005
786:2024 United Kingdom (STEC O145)
146:Autophosphorylation of EnvZ at
32:two-component regulatory system
931:Long-term evolution experiment
153:Phosphate transfer to OmpR at
1:
185:It is important to note that
355:10.1016/0014-5793(90)80626-t
16:Bacterial regulatory system
1023:
214:When medium osmolarity is
239:gene and upregulates its
23:Regulation of Porin genes
275:High osmolarity response
1007:Outer membrane proteins
751:2005 South Wales (O157)
263:is less as compared to
210:Low osmolarity response
74:which also possesses a
771:2011 Germany (O104:H4)
483:Molecular Microbiology
437:10.1186/1471-2180-4-44
396:10.1074/jbc.m110715200
34:widely distributed in
24:
547:10.1038/emboj.2012.99
44:. Its function is in
22:
736:1993 Jack in the Box
88:cytoplasmic membrane
905:Verotoxin-producing
766:2009 United Kingdom
346:1990FEBSL.261...19A
255:activator sites of
235:activator sites of
865:Enteroaggregative
776:2015 United States
52:by regulating the
25:
989:
988:
981:Theodor Escherich
941:Molecular biology
870:Enterohemorrhagic
541:(11): 2648–2659.
489:(11): 1661–1667.
179:function of EnvZ.
116:four-helix bundle
1014:
1002:Escherichia coli
721:Escherichia coli
713:
706:
699:
690:
683:
682:
664:
640:
629:
628:
618:
586:
577:
576:
566:
535:The EMBO Journal
526:
517:
516:
498:
474:
468:
467:
457:
439:
424:BMC Microbiology
415:
409:
408:
398:
389:(27): 24155–61.
374:
368:
367:
357:
325:
140:histidine kinase
118:. Variations in
72:histidine kinase
41:Escherichia coli
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1011:
992:
991:
990:
985:
909:
880:Enterotoxigenic
851:
790:
724:
717:
687:
686:
642:
641:
632:
588:
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528:
527:
520:
476:
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212:
84:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1020:
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994:
993:
987:
986:
984:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
946:Hok/sok system
943:
938:
933:
928:
926:Coliform index
923:
917:
915:
911:
910:
908:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
875:Enteroinvasive
872:
867:
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773:
768:
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758:
753:
748:
746:2000 Walkerton
743:
738:
732:
730:
726:
725:
718:
716:
715:
708:
701:
693:
685:
684:
655:(3): 167–184.
630:
601:(3): 119–129.
578:
518:
469:
410:
369:
319:
318:
316:
313:
301:antisense mRNA
276:
273:
211:
208:
183:
182:
181:
180:
173:
158:
151:
144:
83:
80:
58:outer membrane
46:osmoregulation
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1019:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
982:
979:
977:
976:T4 rII system
974:
972:
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967:
964:
962:
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957:
954:
952:
949:
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823:
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769:
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749:
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742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
731:
727:
723:
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695:
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631:
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246:
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241:transcription
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
217:
209:
207:
205:
201:
196:
192:
188:
178:
174:
171:
167:
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149:
145:
142:
141:
136:
135:
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133:
132:
130:
126:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
104:transmembrane
101:
97:
93:
89:
81:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
42:
37:
33:
29:
21:
781:2023 Calgary
741:1996 Odwalla
719:
652:
648:
598:
594:
538:
534:
486:
482:
472:
427:
423:
413:
386:
382:
372:
340:(1): 19–22.
337:
334:FEBS Letters
333:
323:
308:
304:
297:
293:
289:
285:
278:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
236:
232:
228:
224:
215:
213:
203:
199:
190:
186:
184:
165:
161:
154:
147:
138:
128:
124:
98:tail in the
85:
70:. EnvZ is a
39:
27:
26:
817:FNR regulon
177:phosphatase
108:cytoplasmic
76:cytoplasmic
996:Categories
971:Rho factor
961:Pathogenic
956:Min System
921:Aerobactin
802:CPS operon
315:References
120:osmolality
96:N-terminal
54:expression
50:osmolality
966:EnvZ/OmpR
729:Outbreaks
671:1356-9597
555:0261-4189
505:1365-2958
446:1471-2180
269:diffusion
204:EnvZ-OmpR
200:EnvZ-OmpR
170:promoters
112:histidine
100:periplasm
28:EnvZ/OmpR
885:O104:H21
625:25937465
573:22543870
464:15571621
405:11973328
282:upstream
82:Overview
36:bacteria
914:Related
900:O157:H7
890:O104:H4
857:Strains
679:9189755
616:5080436
564:3365433
513:2559300
364:2407554
342:Bibcode
284:of the
92:domains
56:of the
951:LacUV5
936:EcoCyc
827:RecBCD
677:
669:
623:
613:
571:
561:
553:
511:
503:
462:
455:543474
452:
444:
430:: 44.
403:
362:
220:kinase
195:porins
168:porin
155:Asp 55
148:His243
102:, two
61:porins
795:Genes
143:EnvZ,
30:is a
895:O121
847:RpoS
842:RpoN
837:RpoF
832:RpoE
822:OmpT
807:DnaG
675:PMID
667:ISSN
621:PMID
569:PMID
551:ISSN
509:PMID
501:ISSN
460:PMID
442:ISSN
401:PMID
360:PMID
309:ompF
305:micF
298:micF
294:ompC
290:ompF
286:ompF
265:ompF
261:ompC
257:ompC
251:and
237:ompF
231:and
191:ompC
189:and
187:ompF
166:ompC
164:and
162:ompF
129:ompF
127:and
125:ompC
68:OmpC
66:and
64:OmpF
812:Fis
657:doi
611:PMC
603:doi
599:118
559:PMC
543:doi
491:doi
450:PMC
432:doi
391:doi
387:277
350:doi
338:261
216:low
998::
673:.
665:.
651:.
647:.
633:^
619:.
609:.
593:.
581:^
567:.
557:.
549:.
539:31
537:.
533:.
521:^
507:.
499:.
485:.
481:.
458:.
448:.
440:.
426:.
422:.
399:.
385:.
381:.
358:.
348:.
336:.
332:.
253:C3
249:C2
247:,
245:C1
233:F3
229:F2
227:,
225:F1
712:e
705:t
698:v
681:.
659::
653:2
627:.
605::
575:.
545::
515:.
493::
487:3
466:.
434::
428:4
407:.
393::
366:.
352::
344::
157:,
150:,
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