24:
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494:. In ecological energetics, just as in environmental humanities, the causal bond between connections is considered an ontic category (see Patten et al. 1976: 460). Moreover, as a result of simulating ecological systems with the energy systems language, H.T. Odum made the controversial suggestion that embodied energy could be understood as
384:
is, as proponents of the environmental humanities argue, that we begin to seek out a more inclusive concept of justice that includes non-humans within the domain of those to whom rights are owing. This broadened conception of justice involves "enlarged" or "ecological thinking", which presupposes the
312:
The environmental humanities did not just emerge from
Western academic thinkers: indigenous, postcolonial, and feminist thinkers have provided major contributions. These contributions include challenging the human-centered viewpoints that separate "nature" and "culture" and the white, male, European-
261:
Although the concepts and ideas underpinning environmental humanities date back centuries, the field consolidated under the name "environmental humanities" in the 2000s following steady developments of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s in humanities and social science fields such as literature, history,
252:
ways of relating to the natural world and the place of humans within it. The field also resists the traditional divide between "nature" and "culture," showing how many "environmental" issues have always been entangled in human questions of justice, labor, and politics. Environmental humanities is
799:
OâGorman, Emily, Thom van Dooren, Ursula MĂŒnster, Joni
Adamson, Christof Mauch, Sverker Sörlin, Marco Armiero, Kati Lindström, Donna Houston, José Augusto Pådua, Kate Rigby, Owain Jones, Judy Motion, Stephen Muecke, Chia-ju Chang, Shuyuan Lu, Christopher Jones, Lesley Green, Frank Matose, Hedley
469:
Some theorists have suggested that the inclusion of non-humans in the consideration of justice links ecocentric philosophy with political economics. This is because the theorising of justice is a central activity of political economic philosophy. If in accordance with the axioms of environmental
240:. Environmental humanities employs humanistic questions about meaning, culture, values, ethics, and responsibilities to address pressing environmental problems. The environmental humanities aim to help bridge traditional divides between the sciences and the humanities, as well as between
1061:
T. Griffiths 'The
Humanities and an Environmentally Sustainable Australia', Appendix 1 in The Australian Academy of the Humanities, "The Humanities and Australia's National Research Priorities', Report prepared for the Commonwealth Department of Education, Science and Training, April
404:. The environmental humanities, therefore, require both linear and non-linear modes of language through which reasoning about justice can be done. Thus there is a motivation to find linguistic modes which can adequately express both linear and non-linear connectivities.
290:
449:
The third axiom comes from the strong 'self-reflective' tradition of all 'humanities' scholarship and it encourages the environmental humanities to investigate its own theoretical basis (and without which, the environmental humanities is just 'ecology').
262:
philosophy, gender studies, and anthropology. A group of
Australian researchers used the name "ecological humanities" to describe their work in the 1990s; the field consolidated under the name "environmental humanities" around 2010. The journal
434:
Putting the first and second axioms another way, the connections between and among living things are the basis for how ecosystems are understood to work, and thus constitute laws of existence and guidelines for behaviour (Rose 2004).
364:'s physiological philosophy and the associated concept of the "World Engine". When we see everything as connected, then the traditional questions of the humanities concerning economic and political justice become
486:. To depict the linear and non-linear internal relatedness of ecosystems where the laws of thermodynamics hold significant consequences (Hannon et al. 1991: 80), Systems Ecologist H.T. Odum (1994) predicated the
470:
humanities, theories of justice are enlarged to include ecological values, then the necessary result is the synthesis of the concerns of ecology with that of political economy: i.e. political economic ecology.
308:
Dozens of universities offer PhDs, Masters of Arts degrees, graduate certificates, and
Bachelor of Arts degrees in environmental humanities. Courses in environmental humanities are taught on every continent.
393:. As Calvino put it, "enlarge the sphere of what we can imagine". It also has connections with Leibniz's Enlightenment project where the sciences are simultaneously abridged while also being enlarged.
273:
There are dozens of environmental humanities centers, programs, and institutions around the world. Some of the more prominent ones are the fully funded
Environmental Humanities Graduate Program at the
385:
enhancement of knowledge sharing within fields of plural and diverse âknowledgesâ. This kind of knowledge sharing is called transdisciplinarity. It has links with the political philosophy of
2239:
1038:
1303:
430:
The axiom of the social construction of ecosystems and ecological unity, which states that ecosystems and nature may be merely convenient conceptual entities (Marshall, 2002).
1088:
890:
278:
446:" and "habitat" have emerged from Political Theory with a fundamental connectivity to rights, democracy, and ecologism (Eckersley 1996: 222, 225; Eckersley 1998).
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195:
3180:
639:
3250:
1060:
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B. Hannon, R.Costanza and R.Ulanowicz (1991) âA General
Accounting Framework for Ecological Systems: A Functional Taxonomy for Connectivist Ecologyâ,
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also a way of synthesizing methods from different fields to create new ways of thinking through environmental problems.
181:
159:
122:
52:
638:
Rose, Deborah Bird; van Dooren, Thom; Chrulew, Matthew; Cooke, Stuart; Kearnes, Matthew; O'Gorman, Emily (2012-05-01).
216:) is an interdisciplinary area of research, drawing on the many environmental sub-disciplines that have emerged in the
3505:
2396:
2140:
1412:
317:"; and creating new concepts and fields that bridge the academic and the political, such as "environmental justice," "
237:
829:
989:
D. Rose and L. Robin (2004) 'The
Ecological Humanities in Action: An Invitation', Australian Humanities Review, 31-2
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1227:
975:
B.C. Patten, R.W.Bosserman, J.T.Finn and W.B.Cale (1976) âPropagation of Cause in
Ecosystemsâ, in Patten, B.C. ed.
783:
688:
Milstein, T. & Castro-Sotomayor, J. (2020). Routledge
Handbook of Ecocultural Identity. London, UK: Routledge.
294:
233:
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31:
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2017:
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2673:
2509:
2361:
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1434:
1333:
1318:
1148:
578:
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491:
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The axiom of ecological kinship, which situates humanity as a participant in a larger living system; and
421:
225:
117:
69:
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and North American-centric viewpoints of what constitutes "nature"; revising the literary genre of "
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3300:
3133:
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373:
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1671:
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1873:
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1647:
1625:
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1207:
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538:
274:
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in 2014, indicating the development of the field and the consolidation around this terminology.
249:
143:
3280:
396:
The situation is complicated, however, by the recognition of the fact that connections are both
1185:
3711:
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1984:
1967:
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1454:
1449:
1381:
1343:
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1118:
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739:
729:
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593:
478:
The question of what language can best depict the linear and non-linear causal connections of
464:
349:
107:
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57:
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2005:
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245:
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23:
291:
The Center for Energy and Environmental Research in the Human Sciences at Rice University
1044:
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1939:
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356:
parts are seen as a single system whereby each part is linked to each other part. This
314:
45:
498:, which in itself is a step into the field of Political Economic Ecology noted above.
3835:
3806:
2782:
2756:
2713:
2703:
2658:
2645:
2625:
2517:
2351:
2306:
2162:
1632:
1547:
1407:
1402:
912:
R. Eckersley (1996) âGreening Liberal Democracyâ, in Doherty, B. and de Geus, M. ed.
784:"Funding & Financial Aid - Environmental Humanities Program - University of Utah"
563:
390:
386:
1045:
R. Hutchings (2014) 'Understanding of and Vision for the Environmental Humanities',
3791:
3776:
3433:
3403:
3348:
3231:
3196:
3073:
2572:
2255:
2217:
2212:
2124:
1989:
1977:
1761:
1637:
1572:
1308:
1270:
1260:
1232:
1222:
618:
598:
568:
553:
543:
528:
513:
919:
R. Eckersley (1998) âThe Death of Nature and the Birth of Ecological Humanitiesâ,
3083:
2812:
2630:
2592:
2567:
2557:
2522:
2469:
2449:
2066:
2034:
1995:
1840:
1766:
1657:
1590:
1366:
1313:
1138:
994:
Models of Nature: Ecology, Conservation and Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia
558:
548:
933:
J.B. Foster and P.Burkett (2004) âEcological Economics And Classical Marxismâ,
914:
Democracy & Green Political Thought: Sustainability, Rights and Citizenship
802:
Teaching the environmental humanities: international perspectives and practices
3796:
3373:
3338:
2978:
2930:
2875:
2845:
2751:
2668:
2612:
2489:
2439:
2027:
1952:
1918:
1845:
1830:
1818:
1786:
1747:
1530:
1247:
603:
377:
357:
217:
743:
675:
656:
337:
and a commitment to two fundamental axioms relating to the need to submit to
3701:
3655:
3383:
2827:
2797:
2597:
2552:
2527:
2464:
2454:
2429:
2421:
2366:
2011:
2000:
1962:
1855:
1600:
1552:
1499:
1485:
1265:
701:
479:
1066:
1026:
800:
Twidle, Matthew Schneider-Mayerson, Bethany Wiggin, and Dolly JĂžrgensen. "
3756:
3685:
3216:
2723:
2635:
2582:
2537:
2039:
1928:
1850:
1796:
1781:
1771:
1520:
1323:
1128:
1113:
381:
345:
949:
The Unity of Nature: Wholeness and Disintegration in Ecology and Science
689:
3746:
3553:
3423:
3418:
3045:
2993:
2653:
2298:
2022:
1972:
1946:
1823:
1776:
1194:
1032:
666:
369:
338:
277:, the oldest environmental humanities graduate program in America, the
220:
over the past several decades, in particular environmental literature,
1041:. Mistra, the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research.
1008:
305:, and the international Humanities for the Environment observatories.
2061:
1933:
1791:
495:
413:
1016:
769:
982:
S. Podolinsky (2004) âSocialism And The Unity Of Physical Forcesâ,
1813:
970:
Ecological and General Systems: An Introduction to Systems Ecology
361:
926:
R. Eckersley (2001) 'Symposium Green Thinking â from Australia',
817:
1039:
Background Paper: The Emergence of the Environmental Humanities"
482:
appears to have been taken up by the school of ecology known as
285:, the Center for Culture, History, and Environment (CHE) at the
3018:
2271:
1720:
1070:
862:
L. Courtart, translated by D. Rutherford, R. T. Monroe (2002).
1803:
438:
The first of these axioms has a tradition in social sciences (
1716:
640:"Thinking Through the Environment, Unsettling the Humanities"
341:
laws and to see humanity as part of a larger living system.
726:
The environmental humanities : a critical introduction
2240:
List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field
348:
presuppositions of environmental humanities is that the
1037:
D. E. Nye, L. Rugg, J. Fleming, and R. Emmett (2013), "
834:
Association for the Study of Literature and Environment
442:
Marx, 1968: 3). From the second axiom the notions of "
293:, the Penn Program in Environmental Humanities at the
1017:
Resilience: A Journal of the Environmental Humanities
771:
Resilience: A Journal of the Environmental Humanities
268:
Resilience: A Journal of the Environmental Humanities
333:
The environmental humanities are characterised by a
3694:
3594:
3519:
3392:
3329:
3189:
3057:
2959:
2838:
2765:
2722:
2644:
2611:
2508:
2420:
2314:
2205:
2150:
2075:
1906:
1866:
1754:
1571:
1473:
1395:
1357:
1289:
1246:
1193:
1104:
977:Systems Analysis and Systems Simulation in Ecology
16:Study of environmental issues, nature and culture
279:Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society
972:, Colorado University Press, Boulder, Colorado.
3030:
2283:
2105:Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
1732:
1082:
853:. The University of Chicago Press. Chapter 2.
297:, the Environmental Humanities Laboratory at
189:
8:
963:Karl Marx: 1818/1968, a collection of essays
889:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
412:According to some thinkers, there are three
372:is connected with our transformation of our
360:in turn shares an intimate connection with
3251:Latitudinal gradients in species diversity
3037:
3023:
3015:
2290:
2276:
2268:
1863:
1739:
1725:
1717:
1089:
1075:
1067:
325:," "naturecultures," and "the posthuman."
196:
182:
18:
795:
793:
665:
655:
3149:Predatorâprey (LotkaâVolterra) equations
2788:Tritrophic interactions in plant defense
996:, University of Pittsburgh Press, U.S.A.
909:The Literature Machine, Picador, London.
3181:Random generalized LotkaâVolterra model
1024:"What is the Environmental Humanities?"
907:On Fourier, III: A Utopia of Fine Dust,
630:
380:. The consequence of such connectivity
30:
2989:Herbivore adaptations to plant defense
916:, Routledge, London, pp. 212â236.
882:
702:"The Environmental Humanities at UCLA"
2192:National Endowment for the Humanities
2177:Humanities, arts, and social sciences
690:https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351068840
257:Emergence of environmental humanities
7:
3004:Predator avoidance in schooling fish
2187:Moscow University for the Humanities
2158:Arts and Humanities Research Council
2115:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1691:
1027:The Environmental Humanities at UCLA
719:
717:
165:
3454:Intermediate disturbance hypothesis
444:ecological embodiment/ embeddedness
3207:Ecological effects of biodiversity
923:, Vol 11, No. 2, pp. 183â185.
14:
2543:Generalist and specialist species
986:, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 61â75.
951:. London: Imperial College Press.
299:KTH Royal Institute of Technology
3266:Occupancyâabundance relationship
1690:
1681:
1680:
1670:
1238:Traditional ecological knowledge
1184:
1033:Environment & Society Portal
965:, Inter Nationes, Bad Godesberg.
937:, Vol. 17, No.1, pp. 32â60.
930:, Vol.10, No.4, pp. 85â102.
724:Emmett, Robert S. (2017-10-06).
164:
155:
154:
22:
3286:Relative abundance distribution
2999:Plant defense against herbivory
2866:Competitive exclusion principle
2578:Mesopredator release hypothesis
2235:Humanities in the United States
2083:American Journal of Archaeology
1536:Science, technology and society
979:, Academic Press inc. New York.
287:University of WisconsinâMadison
2871:Consumerâresource interactions
2110:Journal of Controversial Ideas
984:Organization & Environment
942:Theoretical Population Biology
935:Organization & Environment
818:Humanities for the Environment
230:science and technology studies
1:
3717:Biological data visualization
3544:Environmental niche modelling
3271:Population viability analysis
1377:Religion and environmentalism
416:of environmental humanities:
3202:Density-dependent inhibition
2130:Revue des Ătudes ArmĂ©niennes
1440:Environmental interpretation
921:Organization and Environment
368:into a consideration of how
323:environmentalism of the poor
3671:Liebig's law of the minimum
3506:Resource selection function
2397:Metabolic theory of ecology
1413:Environmental communication
868:. Chapter 5. Archived from
420:The axiom of submission to
238:environmental communication
3863:
3571:Niche apportionment models
3291:Relative species abundance
2495:Primary nutritional groups
2392:List of feeding behaviours
1228:Environmental anthropology
808:11, no. 2 (2019): 427-460.
462:
459:Political economic ecology
295:University of Pennsylvania
234:environmental anthropology
3820:
3752:Ecosystem based fisheries
3364:Interspecific competition
3256:Minimum viable population
3114:Maximum sustainable yield
3099:Intraspecific competition
3094:Effective population size
2974:Anti-predator adaptations
2485:Photosynthetic efficiency
2245:Outline of the humanities
2225:Criticism of mass culture
2197:National Humanities Medal
1666:
1182:
954:J. Martinez-Alier (1987)
830:""Where to Study - ASLE""
3842:Environmental humanities
3742:Ecological stoichiometry
3707:Alternative stable state
2230:Educational essentialism
1867:Interdisciplinary fields
1643:Sustainable architecture
1581:Arts and Crafts movement
1445:Environmental journalism
1339:Environmental philosophy
1098:Environmental humanities
1047:Environmental Humanities
1009:Environmental Humanities
806:Environmental Humanities
758:Environmental Humanities
657:10.1215/22011919-3609940
644:Environmental Humanities
584:Environmental philosophy
301:, The Greenhouse at the
266:was founded in 2012 and
264:Environmental Humanities
222:environmental philosophy
210:environmental humanities
3586:Ontogenetic niche shift
3449:Ideal free distribution
3359:Ecological facilitation
3109:Malthusian growth model
3079:Consumer-resource model
2936:Paradox of the plankton
2901:Energy systems language
2621:Chemoorganoheterotrophy
2588:Optimal foraging theory
2563:Heterotrophic nutrition
1465:Thematic interpretation
1418:Environmental education
1218:Ecological anthropology
1124:Environmental sculpture
488:Energy Systems Language
474:Energy systems language
344:One of the fundamental
303:University of Stavanger
3732:Ecological forecasting
3676:Marginal value theorem
3474:Landscape epidemiology
3409:Cross-boundary subsidy
3344:Biological interaction
2694:Microbial intelligence
2382:Green world hypothesis
2018:Liberal arts education
1616:Landscape architecture
1563:Sustainability studies
1372:Environmental theology
928:Environmental Politics
3737:Ecological humanities
3636:Ecological energetics
3581:Niche differentiation
3444:Habitat fragmentation
3212:Ecological extinction
3159:Small population size
2911:Feed conversion ratio
2891:Ecological succession
2823:San Francisco Estuary
2737:Ecological efficiency
2679:Microbial cooperation
2094:History of Humanities
1435:Environmental history
1334:Environmental justice
1049:, vol. 4, pp. 213-220
849:S. Kingsland (1985).
579:Environmental justice
574:Environmental history
492:ecological energetics
490:on the principles of
335:connectivity ontology
329:Connectivity ontology
226:environmental history
214:ecological humanities
70:Environmental studies
3762:Evolutionary ecology
3727:Ecological footprint
3722:Ecological economics
3646:Ecological threshold
3641:Ecological indicator
3511:Sourceâsink dynamics
3464:Land change modeling
3459:Insular biogeography
3311:Species distribution
3050:Modelling ecosystems
2709:Microbial metabolism
2548:Intraguild predation
2337:Biogeochemical cycle
2303:Modelling ecosystems
2250:Renaissance humanism
2182:Master of Humanities
1611:Environmental design
1491:Biophilia hypothesis
1329:Environmental ethics
1299:Aesthetics of nature
956:Ecological Economics
865:The Logic of Leibniz
319:environmental racism
3812:Theoretical ecology
3787:Natural environment
3651:Ecosystem diversity
3621:Ecological collapse
3611:Bateman's principle
3566:Limiting similarity
3479:Landscape limnology
3301:Species homogeneity
3139:Population modeling
3134:Population dynamics
2951:Trophic state index
2169:Geisteswissenschaft
2135:Teaching Philosophy
1914:Abductive reasoning
1653:Sustainable fashion
992:D.R. Weiner (2000)
961:K. Marx (1968), in
947:A. Marshall (2002)
3823:Outline of ecology
3772:Industrial ecology
3767:Functional ecology
3631:Ecological deficit
3576:Niche construction
3539:Ecosystem engineer
3316:Speciesâarea curve
3237:Introduced species
3052:: Other components
2984:Deimatic behaviour
2886:Ecological network
2818:North Pacific Gyre
2803:hydrothermal vents
2742:Ecological pyramid
2689:Microbial food web
2500:Primary production
2445:Foundation species
2256:Studia Humanitatis
1676:Environment portal
1648:Sustainable design
1281:Outdoor literature
1208:Cultural landscape
1134:Landscape painting
1054:2017-12-02 at the
958:, Basil Blackwell.
944:, Vol. 40, 78-104.
539:Cultural geography
480:ecological systems
454:Contemporary ideas
275:University of Utah
3829:
3828:
3712:Balance of nature
3469:Landscape ecology
3354:Community ecology
3296:Species diversity
3232:Indicator species
3227:Gradient analysis
3104:Logistic function
3012:
3011:
2969:Animal coloration
2946:Trophic mutualism
2684:Microbial ecology
2475:Photoheterotrophs
2460:Myco-heterotrophy
2372:Ecosystem ecology
2357:Carrying capacity
2322:Abiotic component
2265:
2264:
1985:General knowledge
1968:Cultural literacy
1902:
1901:
1836:Religious studies
1772:Classical studies
1714:
1713:
1606:Educational trail
1596:Ecological design
1455:Outdoor education
1450:Environmental law
1382:Spiritual ecology
1344:Predation problem
1171:Site-specific art
1119:Environmental art
968:H.T. Odum (1994)
594:Political ecology
465:Political ecology
389:and the works of
206:
205:
3854:
3847:Environmentalism
3529:Ecological niche
3501:selection theory
3321:Umbrella species
3306:Species richness
3242:Invasive species
3222:Flagship species
3129:Population cycle
3124:Overexploitation
3089:Ecological yield
3039:
3032:
3025:
3016:
2921:Mesotrophic soil
2861:Climax community
2793:Marine food webs
2732:Biomagnification
2533:Chemoorganotroph
2387:Keystone species
2347:Biotic component
2292:
2285:
2278:
2269:
2052:Self-realization
1864:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1718:
1694:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1674:
1586:Acoustic ecology
1319:Ecophenomenology
1304:Critical realism
1203:Cultural ecology
1188:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1068:
894:
888:
880:
878:
877:
860:
854:
847:
838:
837:
826:
820:
815:
809:
797:
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780:
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761:
754:
748:
747:
721:
712:
711:
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698:
692:
686:
680:
679:
669:
659:
635:
198:
191:
184:
168:
167:
158:
157:
58:Environmentalism
26:
19:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3816:
3802:Systems ecology
3690:
3661:Extinction debt
3626:Ecological debt
3616:Bioluminescence
3597:
3590:
3559:marine habitats
3534:Ecological trap
3515:
3395:
3388:
3331:
3325:
3281:Rapoport's rule
3276:Priority effect
3217:Endemic species
3185:
3144:Population size
3060:
3053:
3043:
3013:
3008:
2961:
2955:
2941:Trophic cascade
2851:Bioaccumulation
2834:
2761:
2718:
2640:
2607:
2504:
2416:
2377:Ecosystem model
2310:
2296:
2266:
2261:
2201:
2146:
2071:
2057:Self-reflection
2047:Moral character
2006:Human condition
1958:Critical theory
1898:
1862:
1809:Performing arts
1750:
1745:
1715:
1710:
1662:
1567:
1558:Spirit of place
1541:science studies
1525:common property
1521:Property theory
1516:Popular science
1506:Natural history
1469:
1460:Psychogeography
1391:
1353:
1285:
1242:
1189:
1180:
1176:Sustainable art
1166:Sculpture trail
1100:
1095:
1056:Wayback Machine
1004:
999:
905:Italo Calvino,
901:
881:
875:
873:
861:
857:
851:Modeling Nature
848:
844:
841:
828:
827:
823:
816:
812:
798:
791:
782:
781:
777:
768:
764:
755:
751:
736:
723:
722:
715:
706:
704:
700:
699:
695:
687:
683:
637:
636:
632:
628:
623:
614:Systems ecology
534:Climate justice
504:
484:systems ecology
476:
467:
461:
456:
410:
331:
259:
202:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3860:
3858:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3834:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3782:Microecosystem
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3681:Thorson's rule
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
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3608:
3606:Assembly rules
3602:
3600:
3592:
3591:
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3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3561:
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3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3491:
3489:Patch dynamics
3486:
3484:Metapopulation
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3379:Storage effect
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
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3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3261:Neutral theory
3258:
3253:
3248:
3246:Native species
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
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3178:
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3176:
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3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3119:Overpopulation
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2926:Nutrient cycle
2923:
2918:
2916:Feeding frenzy
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2896:Energy quality
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2856:Cascade effect
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
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2800:
2790:
2785:
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2720:
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2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2699:Microbial loop
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:Lithoautotroph
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2646:Microorganisms
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2603:Prey switching
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2480:Photosynthesis
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2435:Chemosynthesis
2432:
2426:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2327:Abiotic stress
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2263:
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2209:
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2200:
2199:
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2179:
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2160:
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2137:
2132:
2127:
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2117:
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2107:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2073:
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2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2015:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1943:
1940:Belles-lettres
1936:
1931:
1926:
1924:Antipositivism
1921:
1916:
1910:
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1900:
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1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1533:
1528:
1518:
1513:
1503:
1496:Do it yourself
1493:
1488:
1483:
1481:Animal studies
1477:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
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1399:
1397:
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1389:
1384:
1379:
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1369:
1363:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1349:Social ecology
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1276:Nature writing
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1256:Ecocomposition
1252:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1213:Ecolinguistics
1210:
1205:
1199:
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1190:
1183:
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1101:
1096:
1094:
1093:
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1079:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1021:
1013:
1003:
1002:External links
1000:
998:
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609:Social ecology
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589:Green politics
586:
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571:
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556:
551:
546:
541:
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524:Bioregionalism
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519:Bioprospecting
516:
511:
509:Animal studies
505:
503:
500:
475:
472:
460:
457:
455:
452:
432:
431:
428:
425:
422:ecosystem laws
409:
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352:world and its
330:
327:
315:nature writing
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204:
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193:
186:
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123:Social science
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84:
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81:Environment in
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67:
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55:
50:
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48:
46:on the climate
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3859:
3848:
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3810:
3808:
3807:Urban ecology
3805:
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3800:
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3795:
3793:
3790:
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3677:
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3669:
3667:
3666:Kleiber's law
3664:
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3465:
3462:
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3450:
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3445:
3442:
3440:
3439:Foster's rule
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
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3274:
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3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
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3235:
3233:
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3228:
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3223:
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3213:
3210:
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3203:
3200:
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3188:
3182:
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3170:
3167:
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3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
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3077:
3075:
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3066:
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3040:
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3021:
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3017:
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3002:
3000:
2997:
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2786:
2784:
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2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2757:Trophic level
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2714:Phage ecology
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Microbial mat
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2659:Bacteriophage
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2626:Decomposition
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2573:Mesopredators
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:Apex predator
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
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2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:Biotic stress
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2163:Human science
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:Environmental
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1782:Language arts
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1689:
1687:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:Nature center
1631:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1548:Simple living
1546:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:Ecomusicology
1406:
1404:
1403:Anthrozoology
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1001:
995:
991:
988:
985:
981:
978:
974:
971:
967:
964:
960:
957:
953:
950:
946:
943:
939:
936:
932:
929:
925:
922:
918:
915:
911:
908:
904:
903:
898:
892:
886:
872:on 2005-12-17
871:
867:
866:
859:
856:
852:
846:
843:
842:
835:
831:
825:
822:
819:
814:
811:
807:
803:
796:
794:
790:
785:
779:
776:
773:
772:
766:
763:
760:
759:
753:
750:
745:
741:
737:
735:9780262036764
731:
727:
720:
718:
714:
703:
697:
694:
691:
685:
682:
677:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
634:
631:
625:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
564:Ecomusicology
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
501:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
473:
471:
466:
458:
453:
451:
447:
445:
441:
436:
429:
426:
423:
419:
418:
417:
415:
407:
405:
403:
399:
394:
392:
391:Italo Calvino
388:
387:Hannah Arendt
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
328:
326:
324:
320:
316:
310:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:
256:
254:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
199:
194:
192:
187:
185:
180:
179:
177:
176:
171:
163:
161:
153:
152:
151:
150:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
134:Article index
132:
131:
130:
129:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
78:
77:
76:
71:
68:
64:
61:
60:
59:
56:
54:
51:
47:
44:
43:
42:
39:
38:
37:
36:
33:
29:
25:
21:
20:
3792:Regime shift
3777:Macroecology
3736:
3498:
3494:
3434:Edge effects
3404:Biogeography
3349:Commensalism
3197:Biodiversity
3074:Allee effect
2813:kelp forests
2766:Example webs
2631:Detritivores
2470:Organotrophs
2450:Kinetotrophs
2402:Productivity
2254:
2218:Philistinism
2213:Antihumanism
2167:
2139:
2125:Nova Religio
2092:
2010:
1990:Hermeneutics
1945:
1938:
1878:
1762:Anthropology
1638:New Urbanism
1309:Deep ecology
1271:Geocriticism
1261:Ecocriticism
1233:Ethnoecology
1223:Ecosemiotics
1144:conservation
1097:
1046:
1015:
1007:
993:
983:
976:
969:
962:
955:
948:
941:
934:
927:
920:
913:
906:
874:. Retrieved
870:the original
864:
858:
850:
845:
833:
824:
813:
805:
778:
770:
765:
757:
752:
725:
705:. Retrieved
696:
684:
647:
643:
633:
619:Value theory
599:Posthumanism
569:Ecosemiotics
554:Ecocriticism
544:Deep ecology
529:Biosemiotics
514:Anthropocene
477:
468:
448:
439:
437:
433:
411:
401:
397:
395:
365:
343:
334:
332:
311:
307:
272:
267:
263:
260:
213:
209:
207:
102:
80:
41:Human impact
3429:Disturbance
3332:interaction
3154:Recruitment
3084:Depensation
2876:Copiotrophs
2747:Energy flow
2669:Lithotrophy
2613:Decomposers
2593:Planktivore
2568:Insectivore
2558:Heterotroph
2523:Bacterivore
2490:Phototrophs
2440:Chemotrophs
2412:Restoration
2362:Competition
2067:Work of art
2035:Metaphysics
1996:Historicism
1841:Visual arts
1767:Archaeology
1755:Disciplines
1658:Themed walk
1387:Stewardship
1367:Ecotheology
1314:Ecofeminism
1139:Photography
667:10072/61242
559:Ecofeminism
549:Ecocentrism
374:environment
346:ontological
98:Engineering
63:Stewardship
32:Environment
3836:Categories
3797:Sexecology
3374:Parasitism
3339:Antibiosis
3174:Resistance
3169:Resilience
3059:Population
2979:Camouflage
2931:Oligotroph
2846:Ascendency
2808:intertidal
2798:cold seeps
2752:Food chain
2553:Herbivores
2528:Carnivores
2455:Mixotrophs
2430:Autotrophs
2309:components
2028:Quadrivium
1953:Creativity
1919:Aesthetics
1846:Filmmaking
1831:Philosophy
1787:Literature
1748:Humanities
1621:assessment
1591:Biomimicry
1531:Sexecology
1428:arts-based
1291:Philosophy
1248:Literature
899:References
876:2006-01-27
707:2019-09-25
650:(1): 1â5.
604:Sexecology
463:See also:
398:non-linear
378:ecosystems
358:world view
339:ecological
283:LMU Munich
250:Indigenous
218:humanities
103:Humanities
88:Consulting
3702:Allometry
3656:Emergence
3384:Symbiosis
3369:Mutualism
3164:Stability
3069:Abundance
2881:Dominance
2839:Processes
2828:tide pool
2724:Food webs
2598:Predation
2583:Omnivores
2510:Consumers
2465:Mycotroph
2422:Producers
2367:Ecosystem
2332:Behaviour
2100:Humanitas
2012:Humanitas
2001:Historism
1963:Criticism
1856:Sculpture
1601:Ecomuseum
1553:Slow food
1486:Bioethics
1266:Ecopoetry
1149:landscape
1020:(journal)
1012:(journal)
885:cite book
744:978286393
676:2201-1919
366:enlarged,
354:inorganic
281:(RCC) at
93:Education
3757:Endolith
3686:Xerosere
3598:networks
3414:Ecocline
2960:Defense,
2636:Detritus
2538:Foraging
2407:Resource
2151:Academia
2120:Leonardo
2088:Daedalus
2076:Journals
2040:Ontology
1929:The arts
1851:Painting
1797:Rhetoric
1701:Journals
1686:Category
1626:planning
1359:Religion
1324:Ecosophy
1159:wildlife
1129:Land art
1114:Crop art
1052:Archived
502:See also
382:ontology
321:," "the
160:Category
3747:Ecopath
3554:Habitat
3424:Ecotype
3419:Ecotone
3396:ecology
3394:Spatial
3330:Species
3190:Species
3061:ecology
3046:Ecology
2994:Mimicry
2962:counter
2906:f-ratio
2654:Archaea
2342:Biomass
2315:General
2307:Trophic
2299:Ecology
2206:Related
2141:more...
2023:Trivium
1973:Culture
1947:Bildung
1889:Medical
1874:Digital
1824:Theatre
1777:History
1706:Degrees
1696:Commons
1573:Applied
1510:museums
1474:Related
1195:Culture
370:justice
350:organic
246:Eastern
242:Western
170:Commons
118:Science
2778:Rivers
2674:Marine
2062:Wisdom
1994:
1934:Beauty
1907:Themes
1894:Public
1884:Health
1792:Poetry
1154:nature
742:
732:
674:
414:axioms
408:Axioms
402:linear
248:, and
236:, and
212:(also
144:Portal
113:Policy
53:Issues
3695:Other
3596:Other
3549:Guild
3521:Niche
2773:Lakes
1819:Music
1814:Dance
1500:ethic
1423:adult
1396:Other
626:Notes
496:value
362:Lotka
139:Lists
2783:Soil
1978:High
1062:2003
891:link
740:OCLC
730:ISBN
672:ISSN
400:and
376:and
208:The
1804:Law
1106:Art
804:."
662:hdl
652:doi
440:see
108:Law
3838::
3244:/
3048::
2305::
2301::
887:}}
883:{{
832:.
792:^
738:.
728:.
716:^
670:.
660:.
646:.
642:.
289:,
244:,
232:,
228:,
224:,
3499:K
3497:/
3495:r
3038:e
3031:t
3024:v
2291:e
2284:t
2277:v
1740:e
1733:t
1726:v
1527:)
1523:(
1512:)
1508:(
1502:)
1498:(
1090:e
1083:t
1076:v
1029:.
893:)
879:.
836:.
786:.
746:.
710:.
678:.
664::
654::
648:1
424:;
197:e
190:t
183:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
