1150:. Their work used systems theories to explain how societies worked to maintain homeostasis through feedback loops. Harris' work in India, for example, examined the sacred cow in India as an ecological adaptation because of its importance for milk production, dung for fuel and fertilizers, and labor for plowing. These approaches has since been since criticized for narrowly assuming the state of societies as static and not exploring the ways cultures change and develop over time.
1179:, an interdisciplinary social scientific perspective on environment issues, is also a significant contributor to environmental anthropology. Political ecology explores the ways that scientific and managerial approaches to the environment can often mask unequal relationships of power, especially in post-colonial settings. For example, the expansion of protected areas can be seen as an extension of state power into rural areas, rather than simply a plan to preserve wildlife.
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While sociological research on climate change is emerging and ongoing, there is a global push to recognize global communities in the context of their ecologies, as well as their places in history. After all, throughout history, the natural climate of specific areas have allowed for certain nations to
1105:
is a sub-discipline of anthropology that examines the complex relationships between humans and the environments which they inhabit. This takes many shapes and forms, whether it be examining the hunting/gathering patterns of humans tens of thousands of years ago, archaeological investigations of early
1142:, a cultural ecologist who studied how the Shosone of the Great Basin between the Sierra Nevada and Rocky mountains adapted their environment. His efforts to define culture were based upon topography, climate, and resources and their accessibility. Other important early cultural ecologists were
1228:
There is a renewed focus of environmental anthropology on cultural variation and diversity. Such factors like environmental disasters (floods, earthquakes, frost), migrations, cost & benefit ratio, contact/ associations, external ideas (trade/ latent capitalism boom), along with internal,
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Rockström, Johan; Steffen, Will; Noone, Kevin; Persson, Åsa; Chapin, F. Stuart III; Lambin, Eric; Lenton, Timothy; Scheffer, Marten; Folke, Carl; Schellnhuber, Hans
Joachim; Nykvist, Björn; de Wit, Cynthia; Hughes, Terry; van der Leeuw, Sander; Rodhe, Henning; Sörlin, Sverker; Snyder, Peter;
1232:
This perspective was based on general equilibriums and criticized for not addressing the variety of responses an organism can have, such as "loyalty, solidarity, friendliness, and sanctity" and possible "incentives or inhibitors" in relations to behavior. Rappaport, often referred to as a
1118:
and other anthropogenic environmental issues. This sub-field of anthropology developed in the 1960s from cultural ecology as anthropologists borrowed methods and terminology from growing developments in ecology and applied them to understand human cultures.
1641:
Costanza, Robert; Svedin, Uno; Falkenmark, Malin; Karlberg, Louise; Corell, Robert; Fabry, Victoria; Hansen, James; Walker, Brian; Liverman, Diana; Richardson, Katherine; Crutzen, Paul; Foley, Jonathan (November 18, 2009).
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independent logic and inter-connectivity's impact now were observed. Roy A. Rappaport and Hawkes, Hill, and O'Connell's use of Pyke's optimal foraging theory for the latter's work are some examples of this new focus.
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reductionist in his cultural studies methods, acknowledges, "The social unit is not always well defined" exhibiting another flaw in this perspective, obfuscation of aspects of analyze and designated terms.
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Environmental anthropology is a growing sub-field of anthropology because the challenges of understanding and addressing human caused environmental problems like climate change, species extinctions,
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looked at traditional ecological knowledge to understand how indigenous groups around the world managed the ecosystems in which they lived. Research in
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There has been a renewed interest in recent years to reexamine cultural-environmental relationships across the globe due to the looming threats of
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PhD. Integrative
Conservation (ICON) Program. Undergraduate Certificates in Sustainability, Environmental Ethics, and Conservation Ecology.
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Steward JH. 1955. Theory of
Cultural Change: The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
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require an understanding of the complex cultural, political, and economic systems that have created these problems.
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Steward JH. 1938. The Great Basin
Shoshonean Indians: An Example of A Family Level Of Sociocultural Integration.
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West, Paige; Igoe, James; Brockington, Dan (2006). "Parks and people: the social impact of protected areas".
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https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5834GSDR_brief_anthropology_SD_baer_reuter_rev.pdf
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Harris, Marvin (2000) . "The
Cultural Ecology of India's Sacred Cattle". In McGee, John (ed.).
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also led to the development of new drugs based on plants used in traditional herbal medicine.
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Hanuoo
Agriculture. A report on an integral system of shifting cultivation in the Philippines
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Another important field that contributed to the creation of environmental anthropology was
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Biersack, Aletta (1999). "Introduction: From the "New
Ecology" to the New Ecologies".
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Department of
Anthropology Undergraduate and Graduate Programs in Applied Anthropology
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Polluted promises: environmental racism and the search for justice in a southern town
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Yale School of
Forestry and Environmental Sciences and Department of Anthropology.
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1783:"why hunters gather: optimal foraging and the Aché of eastern Paraguay"
1643:"Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity"
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Ritual
Regulation Of Environmental Relations Among A New Guinea People
1472:
Clemmer, Richard O.; Myers, L. Daniel; Rudden, Mary Elizabeth (1999).
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1355:
Undergraduate degree - Concentration on Environmental Sustainability
1474:
Julian Steward and the Great Basin: The Making of an Anthropologist
1138:
The establishment of environmental anthropology can be credited to
1725:"Art, Science, or Politics? The Crisis in Hunter-Gatherer Studies"
1304:
M.A. in Social Anthropology: Humanitarian and Environmental Crises
1551:(1975). "New Directions in Ecology and Ecological Anthropology".
1822:
Pyke, G H (1984). "Optimal Foraging Theory: A Critical Review".
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oint Doctoral Degree Program in Anthropology and the Environment
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Graduate Area of Specialization: Environmental Anthropology
1781:
Hawkes, Kristen; Hill, KIM; O'Connell, James F. (1982).
1319:
B.A. Anthropology: Human Dimensions of Climate Change.
1237:
List of academic programs in environmental anthropology
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M.A. in Anthropology and Environmental Policy Program
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M.Sc. Cultural Anthropology: Sustainable Citizenship
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1246:Undergraduate and Master's Program in Anthropology
1533:. Mayfield Publishing Company. pp. 287–300.
1279:M.Sc. Anthropology, Environment, and Development
1114:, or how modern human societies are adapting to
1531:Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History
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1497:Environmental Anthropology: A Historical Read
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1426:"Environmental Anthropology — Anthropology"
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1935:
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1329:Ecological and Environmental Anthropology.
1295:Ecological and Environmental Anthropology.
1204:, all of which are, in large part, due to
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1824:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
1455:"Ecological/ Environmental Anthropology"
1627:10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123308
1417:
339:
28:
1691:– via www.ecologyandsociety.org.
1595:
1585:
1331:B.A., B.S., MA.A., and Ph.D. programs
1106:agriculturalists and their impact on
7:
3091:
1836:10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002515
1683:from the original on March 18, 2023
1565:10.1146/annurev.an.04.100175.001453
1338:Ph.D. in Environmental Anthropology
1335:University of Texas at San Antonio.
1263:Environmental Anthropology Cluster
14:
1352:Southern New Hampshire University
3090:
3081:
3080:
3070:
2638:Traditional ecological knowledge
2584:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2031:
1284:University of California, Davis.
347:
193:Cybernetic Culture Research Unit
2936:Science, technology and society
2200:Science, technology and society
1881:Melissa Checker (August 2005).
1763:from the original on 2017-03-23
1459:www.discoveranthropology.org.uk
1436:from the original on 2023-12-08
1212:flourish, whether it be in the
277:Science, technology and society
1387:Science and technology studies
1037:Anthropologists by nationality
16:Sub-discipline of anthropology
1:
2777:Religion and environmentalism
1744:10.1525/aa.1992.94.1.02a00030
1615:Annual Review of Anthropology
1553:Annual Review of Anthropology
3132:Environmental social science
2840:Environmental interpretation
1944:Environmental social science
1800:10.1525/ae.1982.9.2.02a00100
1268:University of South Florida.
2813:Environmental communication
1983:Environmental communication
1476:. University of Utah Press.
1309:University of Pennsylvania.
3158:
2628:Environmental anthropology
1968:Environmental anthropology
1312:Environmental Anthropology
1276:University College London.
1243:Portland State University.
1103:Environmental anthropology
1057:List of indigenous peoples
222:Environmental anthropology
3066:
2582:
2411:
2029:
1367:Environmental archaeology
802:Cross-cultural comparison
3137:Environmental humanities
3043:Sustainable architecture
2981:Arts and Crafts movement
2845:Environmental journalism
2739:Environmental philosophy
2498:Environmental humanities
1998:Environmental psychology
1723:Lee, Richard B. (1992).
1578:Conklin, Harold (1957).
1430:anthropology.ucdavis.edu
1220:thousands of years ago.
974:Historical particularism
2865:Thematic interpretation
2818:Environmental education
2618:Ecological anthropology
2524:Environmental sculpture
2003:Environmental sociology
1978:Environmental economics
1958:Ecological anthropology
1868:10.1525/aa.1999.101.1.5
1856:American Anthropologist
1732:American Anthropologist
1659:10.5751/ES-03180-140232
1382:Environmental geography
1377:Ecological anthropology
1326:University of Maryland.
1157:. Ethnoecologists like
807:Participant observation
217:Ecological anthropology
32:science, and technology
30:Anthropology of nature,
3016:Landscape architecture
2963:Sustainability studies
2772:Environmental theology
1993:Environmental politics
1519:. Ethnology. 6: 17–30.
1292:University of Georgia.
1134:Historical development
949:Cross-cultural studies
3142:Cultural anthropology
2835:Environmental history
2734:Environmental justice
2088:Ecological humanities
1988:Environmental history
1392:Environmental justice
292:cultural anthropology
51:Nature–culture divide
3011:Environmental design
2891:Biophilia hypothesis
2729:Environmental ethics
2699:Aesthetics of nature
2180:Integrated geography
2058:Behavioral geography
1963:Ecological economics
1787:American Ethnologist
1508:Rappaport RA. 1967.
1317:University of Maine.
1260:Stanford University.
1042:Anthropology by year
979:Boasian anthropology
954:Cultural materialism
939:Actor–network theory
537:Paleoanthropological
212:Digital anthropology
3053:Sustainable fashion
2451:Research institutes
1973:Environmental crime
1647:Ecology and Society
1301:University of Kent.
1128:habitat destruction
994:Performance studies
887:Kinship and descent
827:Cultural relativism
477:Paleoethnobotanical
452:Ethnoarchaeological
207:Cyborg anthropology
79:Benjamin H. Bratton
23:Part of a series on
3076:Environment portal
3048:Sustainable design
2681:Outdoor literature
2608:Cultural landscape
2534:Landscape painting
2421:Environment portal
2175:Industrial ecology
1710:2021-03-18 at the
1515:2011-08-11 at the
1372:Cultural geography
1251:Utrecht University
1224:Cultural diversity
1218:Indus River Valley
1014:Post-structuralism
773:Research framework
178:Capitalist Realism
46:Ecogovernmentality
3114:
3113:
3006:Educational trail
2996:Ecological design
2855:Outdoor education
2850:Environmental law
2782:Spiritual ecology
2744:Predation problem
2571:Site-specific art
2519:Environmental art
2464:
2463:
2303:Green criminology
2063:Community studies
2018:Political ecology
1896:978-0-8147-1657-1
1407:Political ecology
1198:biodiversity loss
1177:Political ecology
1124:plastic pollution
1100:
1099:
999:Political economy
822:Thick description
619:Political economy
482:Zooarchaeological
442:Bioarchaeological
326:
325:
267:Political ecology
258:Literary Machines
252:Hypertext fiction
84:Gabriella Coleman
3149:
3094:
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2986:Acoustic ecology
2719:Ecophenomenology
2704:Critical realism
2603:Cultural ecology
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1402:Ethnoornithology
1214:Fertile Crescent
1194:land development
1183:Current research
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502:Anthrozoological
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187:Cultural ecology
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171:Related articles
139:Reza Negarestani
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2921:Property theory
2916:Popular science
2906:Natural history
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2860:Psychogeography
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2576:Sustainable art
2566:Sculpture trail
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2227:Systems ecology
2211:Sustainability
2205:science studies
2190:Rural sociology
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2013:Human geography
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2656:Ecocomposition
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1793:(2): 379–398.
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1159:Harold Conklin
1140:Julian Steward
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40:Basic concepts
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3127:Anthropology
3038:New Urbanism
2709:Deep ecology
2671:Geocriticism
2661:Ecocriticism
2633:Ethnoecology
2627:
2623:Ecosemiotics
2544:conservation
2321:occupational
2316:epidemiology
2287:Engineering
2185:Permaculture
2148:Ethnobiology
1967:
1900:. Retrieved
1884:
1876:
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1827:
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1765:. Retrieved
1735:
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1685:. Retrieved
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1438:. Retrieved
1429:
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1397:Ethnoecology
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1155:ethnoecology
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1112:soil erosion
1102:
1101:
1047:Bibliography
989:Interpretive
964:Diffusionism
933:Key theories
919: /
849:Key concepts
760:Sociological
740:Ethnological
607:
527:Neurological
512:Evolutionary
457:Experiential
341:Anthropology
272:Rave culture
256:
226:
221:
191:
176:
159:Leslie White
149:Paul Virilio
124:Bruno Latour
74:Ray Brassier
22:
3058:Themed walk
2787:Stewardship
2767:Ecotheology
2714:Ecofeminism
2539:Photography
2332:Management
2276:sustainable
2048:Agroecology
1830:: 523–575.
1621:: 251–277.
1596:|work=
1559:: 293–306.
1171:ethnobotany
917:Colonialism
860:Development
817:Reflexivity
785:Ethnography
735:Descriptive
593:Development
532:Nutritional
507:Biocultural
432:Battlefield
237:Hari Kunzru
144:Sadie Plant
99:Mark Fisher
3121:Categories
3021:assessment
2991:Biomimicry
2931:Sexecology
2828:arts-based
2691:Philosophy
2648:Literature
2291:ecological
2245:metabolism
2195:Sexecology
2092:Economics
2076:ecological
2068:Demography
1767:2011-04-03
1753:1807/17933
1668:10535/5421
1499:. 168–180.
1440:2021-04-14
1413:References
1216:or in the
1167:Wade Davis
897:Prehistory
750:Historical
723:Linguistic
635:Historical
603:Ecological
495:Biological
397:Linguistic
387:Biological
242:Hypermedia
154:Mike Wesch
134:Ted Nelson
114:Mizuko Ito
3001:Ecomuseum
2953:Slow food
2886:Bioethics
2666:Ecopoetry
2549:landscape
2362:Planning
2341:fisheries
2271:landscape
2240:geography
2111:education
1738:: 31–54.
1598:ignored (
1588:cite book
870:Evolution
865:Ethnicity
797:Ethnology
675:Political
583:Cognitive
522:Molecular
247:Hypertext
202:Cybertext
119:Nick Land
94:Roy Ellen
3101:Journals
3086:Category
3026:planning
2759:Religion
2724:Ecosophy
2559:wildlife
2529:Land art
2514:Crop art
2456:Scholars
2446:Journals
2436:Concepts
2431:Category
2376:regional
2371:land use
2170:Forestry
1862:: 5–18.
1758:Archived
1708:Archived
1681:Archived
1677:15182169
1513:Archived
1434:Archived
1361:See also
1052:Journals
969:Feminism
755:Semiotic
695:Symbolic
690:Religion
625:Feminist
613:Economic
563:Cultural
517:Forensic
472:Maritime
467:Forensic
462:Feminist
437:Biblical
427:Aviation
392:Cultural
333:a series
331:Part of
3106:Degrees
3096:Commons
2973:Applied
2910:museums
2874:Related
2595:Culture
2441:Degrees
2392:Policy
2381:spatial
2307:Health
2261:Applied
2250:studies
2235:ecology
2220:studies
2215:science
2163:zoology
2158:ecology
2136:justice
2131:studies
2126:science
2072:Design
2041:Related
1902:3 April
907:Society
855:Culture
670:Musical
665:Museums
660:Medical
645:Kinship
598:Digital
573:Applied
365:History
360:Outline
2554:nature
2396:energy
2346:forest
2326:public
2231:Urban
2153:botany
2141:racism
2116:ethics
2101:thermo
2096:energy
1951:Fields
1893:
1809:644682
1807:
1675:
1582:. FAO.
1200:, and
1165:, and
1126:, and
882:Gender
812:Holism
710:Visual
685:Public
588:Cyborg
558:Social
422:Aerial
402:Social
288:Social
262:(1981)
232:(2011)
196:(CCRU)
182:(2009)
2900:ethic
2823:adult
2796:Other
2386:urban
2356:waste
1805:JSTOR
1761:(PDF)
1728:(PDF)
1673:S2CID
1653:(2).
1031:Lists
912:Value
790:cyber
705:Urban
655:Media
650:Legal
376:Types
1904:2011
1891:ISBN
1689:2021
1600:help
1146:and
902:Race
892:Meme
630:Food
290:and
2506:Art
2121:law
1864:doi
1860:101
1832:doi
1795:doi
1748:hdl
1740:doi
1663:hdl
1655:doi
1623:doi
1561:doi
1110:or
578:Art
3123::
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