1202:
144:
1712:
1729:
126:
945:
463:
474:
would have been a quadrupedal predator. It was among the smaller members of the group, with a skull less than 15 centimetres (5.9 in) long. It had a relatively short, deep snout and large orbits compared to other gorgonopsians. Like all gorgonopsians, it had five incisors and a canine tooth on
1031:
Kammerer, Christian F. (2014). "A Redescription of
Eriphostoma microdon Broom, 1911 (Therapsida, Gorgonopsia) from the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of South Africa and a Review of Middle Permian Gorgonopsians". In Kammerer, Christian F.; Angielczyk, Kenneth D.; Fröbisch, Jörg (eds.).
1095:
Kammerer, Christian F.; Smith, Roger M.H.; Day, Michael O.; Rubidge, Bruce S. (2015). "New information on the morphology and stratigraphic range of the mid‐Permian gorgonopsian
Eriphostoma microdon Broom, 1911".
400:
of the
Beaufort Group. Despite its status as one of the oldest known gorgonopsians, its poor preservation meant that the specimen was largely ignored for the rest of the 20th century, and typically regarded as a
414:
However, in 2014, CT scanning of the holotype allowed its redescription as a valid species of gorgonopsian. Further study, and the discovery of new specimens, allowed most gorgonopsians from the
1794:
1873:
1863:
1781:
1883:
1878:
1853:
1235:
1049:
1868:
390:
1158:
1134:
969:
964:, but some of the referred specimens are from the overlying Teekloof Formation. Biostratigraphically, it ranges from the upper
1858:
1074:
394:
344:
485:
and many basal therapsids, but not more derived gorgonopsians which tend to have ridge-like palatine bosses with few teeth.
1156:
Kammerer, Christian F.; Rubidge, Bruce S. (2022). "The earliest gorgonopsians from the Karoo Basin of South Africa".
143:
381:, based on a poorly preserved specimen collected by the Reverend J. H. Whaits in the town of Fraserburg Road (now
1228:
1711:
961:
1749:
1412:
1820:
439:
475:
each side of the upper jaw, but it had only three small postcanine teeth in its maxilla. The palate of
1848:
1732:
1221:
1167:
363:
241:
1207:
366:. It is the oldest known gorgonopsian and among the smallest and most basal members of the clade.
1317:
1183:
272:
138:
1825:
407:. A 1989 comprehensive revision of gorgonopsians only briefly mentioned it as an indeterminate
1807:
1799:
1130:
1070:
1045:
1812:
1175:
1105:
1037:
1008:
1171:
1069:. Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Vol. 17 B/I. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
1688:
1581:
1465:
1012:
957:
621:
336:
41:
393:
with the specimen number AMNH FARB 5524. It was the first named gorgonopsian from the
1842:
1574:
1543:
1458:
1187:
1179:
690:
638:
470:
Gorgonopsians were a morphologically conservative group, and like all gorgonopsians,
76:
1695:
1666:
1649:
1622:
1501:
1440:
1391:
992:
846:
541:
403:
386:
378:
359:
351:
249:
237:
496:
is one of the most basal member of an endemic
African radiation of gorgonopsians.
1124:
1041:
996:
1673:
1659:
1561:
1550:
1479:
1472:
1405:
1398:
1377:
1355:
1329:
1244:
862:
796:
597:
573:
503:
329:
217:
125:
51:
1772:
1615:
1608:
1599:
1588:
1286:
1197:
408:
382:
340:
201:
96:
61:
1036:. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp. 171–184.
1680:
1536:
1529:
1515:
1433:
1426:
1302:
1277:
772:
748:
724:
517:
481:
332:
188:
155:
101:
944:
1766:
1629:
1268:
175:
91:
86:
71:
66:
56:
17:
1067:
Theriodontia I: Phthinosuchia, Biarmosuchia, Eotitanosuchia, Gorgonopsia
1786:
1508:
813:
322:
106:
81:
1109:
462:
1262:
165:
1743:
943:
461:
325:
479:
has delta-shaped palatine bosses covered in numerous teeth, like
1747:
1255:
1217:
1213:
1065:
Sigogneau-Russell, Denise (1989). Wellnhofer, Peter (ed.).
450:, is probably also synonymous, but it is currently a
256:
1756:
1647:
1598:
1560:
1489:
1450:
1375:
1328:
1301:
1123:Frank Zachos, Robert Asher (October 22, 2018).
1001:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
1126:Mammalian Evolution, Diversity and Systematics
1090:
1088:
1086:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1229:
8:
997:"On some new South African Permian reptiles"
1034:Early Evolutionary History of the Synapsida
1744:
1566:
1493:
1383:
1372:
1307:
1298:
1252:
1236:
1222:
1214:
960:of South Africa. The holotype is from the
124:
31:
975:, and is the oldest known gorgonopsian.
984:
454:due to its poor state of preparation.
389:. The holotype was accessioned in the
7:
838:
788:
764:
740:
682:
613:
589:
565:
557:
533:
509:
499:
1874:Capitanian genus first appearances
1013:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1911.tb01976.x
418:AZ to be synonymized. The species
391:American Museum of Natural History
25:
1159:Journal of African Earth Sciences
438:became the valid name due to the
1728:
1727:
1710:
1200:
1180:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2022.104631
142:
1864:Guadalupian synapsids of Africa
1:
1884:Fossil taxa described in 1911
968:Assemblage Zone to the upper
1879:Capitanian genus extinctions
1854:Prehistoric therapsid genera
1042:10.1007/978-94-007-6841-3_11
354:. It has one known species,
1129:. De Gruyter. p. 159.
27:Extinct genus of therapsids
1900:
1869:Taxa named by Robert Broom
1723:
1708:
1569:
1496:
1386:
1371:
1352:
1310:
1297:
1251:
860:
843:
836:
810:
793:
786:
769:
762:
745:
738:
721:
704:
687:
680:
635:
618:
611:
594:
587:
570:
563:
555:
538:
531:
514:
507:
358:, and was first named by
278:
271:
255:
248:
139:Scientific classification
137:
132:
123:
34:
1098:Papers in Palaeontology
962:Abrahamskraal Formation
952:All known specimens of
466:Restoration of the head
949:
467:
448:Broomisaurus planiceps
434:were synonymized, and
1859:Guadalupian synapsids
1821:Paleobiology Database
947:
678:"African clade"
561:"Russian clade"
465:
442:. A fifth species of
440:Principle of Priority
424:Scylacognathus parvus
377:was named in 1911 by
303:Scylacognathus parvus
436:Eriphostoma microdon
432:Eoarctops vanderbyli
420:Eriphostoma microdon
356:Eriphostoma microdon
283:Eoarctops vanderbyli
261:Eriphostoma microdon
1208:Paleontology portal
1172:2022JAfES.19404631K
428:Galesuchus gracilis
293:Galesuchus gracilis
950:
468:
1836:
1835:
1808:Open Tree of Life
1750:Taxon identifiers
1741:
1740:
1719:
1718:
1706:
1705:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1348:
1347:
1110:10.1002/spp2.1012
1051:978-94-007-6840-6
940:Palaeoenvironment
936:
935:
927:
926:
918:
917:
909:
908:
900:
899:
891:
890:
882:
881:
873:
872:
825:
824:
668:
667:
659:
658:
650:
649:
446:AZ gorgonopsian,
314:
313:
308:
298:
288:
244:
16:(Redirected from
1891:
1829:
1828:
1816:
1815:
1803:
1802:
1790:
1789:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1745:
1731:
1730:
1714:
1567:
1494:
1384:
1373:
1308:
1299:
1292:
1291:
1253:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1192:
1191:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1092:
1081:
1080:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1028:
1017:
1016:
1007:(4): 1073–1082.
989:
839:
789:
765:
741:
683:
614:
590:
566:
558:
534:
510:
500:
306:
296:
286:
258:
236:
229:
216:
147:
146:
128:
118:
48:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1824:
1819:
1811:
1806:
1798:
1793:
1785:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1752:
1742:
1737:
1715:
1702:
1635:
1594:
1556:
1485:
1446:
1380:
1359:
1344:
1324:
1293:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1242:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1094:
1093:
1084:
1077:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1030:
1029:
1020:
991:
990:
986:
981:
973:Assemblage Zone
971:Pristerognathus
942:
937:
928:
919:
910:
901:
892:
883:
874:
826:
669:
660:
651:
491:
460:
398:Assemblage Zone
372:
348:Assemblage Zone
335:known from the
267:
264:
235:
227:
214:
141:
119:
117:
116:
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
46:
45:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1897:
1895:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1817:
1804:
1791:
1778:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1689:Paragalerhinus
1685:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1582:Ruhuhucerberus
1578:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1466:Pravoslavlevia
1462:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1387:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1311:
1305:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1265:
1256:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1194:
1193:
1148:
1135:
1115:
1104:(2): 201–221.
1082:
1075:
1057:
1050:
1018:
983:
982:
980:
977:
966:Tapinocephalus
958:Beaufort Group
941:
938:
934:
933:
930:
929:
925:
924:
921:
920:
916:
915:
912:
911:
907:
906:
903:
902:
898:
897:
894:
893:
889:
888:
885:
884:
880:
879:
876:
875:
871:
870:
867:
866:
859:
856:
855:
852:
851:
842:
837:
835:
832:
831:
828:
827:
823:
822:
819:
818:
809:
806:
805:
802:
801:
792:
787:
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
768:
763:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
744:
739:
737:
734:
733:
730:
729:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
703:
700:
699:
696:
695:
686:
681:
679:
675:
674:
671:
670:
666:
665:
662:
661:
657:
656:
653:
652:
648:
647:
644:
643:
634:
631:
630:
627:
626:
622:Pravoslavlevia
617:
612:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
593:
588:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
569:
564:
562:
556:
554:
551:
550:
547:
546:
537:
532:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
513:
508:
506:
498:
490:
489:Classification
487:
459:
456:
444:Tapinocephalus
416:Tapinocephalus
396:Tapinocephalus
371:
368:
346:Tapinocephalus
337:Middle Permian
312:
311:
310:
309:
307:Haughton, 1913
299:
297:Haughton, 1915
289:
287:Haughton, 1929
276:
275:
269:
268:
265:
253:
252:
246:
245:
225:
221:
220:
212:
205:
204:
199:
192:
191:
186:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
135:
134:
130:
129:
121:
120:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
49:
42:Middle Permian
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1896:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1734:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1713:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1575:Aelurognathus
1572:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1490:African clade
1488:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1459:Inostrancevia
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:Russian clade
1449:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1209:
1198:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1149:
1138:
1136:9783110341553
1132:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
988:
985:
978:
976:
974:
972:
967:
963:
959:
956:are from the
955:
946:
939:
932:
931:
923:
922:
914:
913:
905:
904:
896:
895:
887:
886:
878:
877:
869:
868:
865:
864:
858:
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
848:
841:
840:
834:
833:
830:
829:
821:
820:
817:
816:
815:
808:
807:
804:
803:
800:
799:
798:
791:
790:
784:
783:
780:
779:
776:
775:
774:
767:
766:
760:
759:
756:
755:
752:
751:
750:
743:
742:
736:
735:
732:
731:
728:
727:
726:
719:
718:
715:
714:
711:
710:
709:
702:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
692:
685:
684:
677:
676:
673:
672:
664:
663:
655:
654:
646:
645:
642:
641:
640:
639:Inostrancevia
633:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
623:
616:
615:
609:
608:
605:
604:
601:
600:
599:
592:
591:
585:
584:
581:
580:
577:
576:
575:
568:
567:
560:
559:
553:
552:
549:
548:
545:
544:
543:
536:
535:
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
519:
512:
511:
505:
502:
501:
497:
495:
488:
486:
484:
483:
478:
473:
464:
457:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
405:
399:
397:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
369:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
347:
342:
338:
334:
331:
327:
324:
320:
319:
305:
304:
300:
295:
294:
290:
285:
284:
280:
279:
277:
274:
270:
263:
262:
254:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
233:
226:
223:
222:
219:
213:
210:
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88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1757:
1696:Wangwusaurus
1694:
1687:
1679:
1672:
1667:Broomisaurus
1665:
1658:
1650:Nomina dubia
1648:
1628:
1623:Leontosaurus
1621:
1614:
1607:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1502:Arctognathus
1500:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1441:Viatkogorgon
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1392:Aelurosaurus
1390:
1354:
1282:
1273:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1140:. Retrieved
1125:
1118:
1101:
1097:
1066:
1060:
1033:
1004:
1000:
987:
970:
965:
953:
951:
861:
847:Arctognathus
845:
844:
812:
811:
795:
794:
771:
770:
747:
746:
723:
722:
707:
706:
705:
689:
688:
637:
636:
620:
619:
596:
595:
572:
571:
542:Viatkogorgon
540:
539:
516:
515:
493:
492:
480:
476:
471:
469:
452:nomen dubium
451:
447:
443:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
413:
404:nomen dubium
402:
395:
387:South Africa
379:Robert Broom
374:
373:
360:Robert Broom
355:
352:South Africa
345:
330:gorgonopsian
317:
316:
315:
302:
301:
292:
291:
282:
281:
260:
259:
250:Type species
231:
230:
208:
195:
182:
35:
29:
1849:Gorgonopsia
1758:Eriphostoma
1674:Cerdorhinus
1660:Arctosuchus
1562:Rubidgeinae
1551:Smilesaurus
1523:Eriphostoma
1480:Suchogorgon
1473:Sauroctonus
1406:Cyonosaurus
1399:Aloposaurus
1378:Gorgonopsia
1356:Gorgonopsia
1330:Gorgonopsia
1245:Gorgonopsia
954:Eriphostoma
948:Restoration
863:Rubidgeinae
797:Smilesaurus
708:Eriphostoma
598:Sauroctonus
574:Suchogorgon
504:Gorgonopsia
494:Eriphostoma
477:Eriphostoma
472:Eriphostoma
458:Description
375:Eriphostoma
318:Eriphostoma
266:Broom, 1911
232:Eriphostoma
218:Gorgonopsia
36:Eriphostoma
1843:Categories
1616:Dinogorgon
1609:Clelandina
1600:Rubidgeini
1589:Sycosaurus
1339:see below↓
1287:Therapsida
1166:: 104631.
1142:2022-08-25
1076:3437304879
979:References
409:theriodont
383:Leeu-Gamka
343:stage) of
341:Capitanian
333:therapsids
202:Therapsida
47:Capitanian
1681:Leogorgon
1537:Lycaenops
1530:Gorgonops
1516:Cynariops
1434:Scylacops
1427:Nochnitsa
1318:Synapsida
1303:Synapsida
1278:Synapsida
1261:Kingdom:
1188:249977414
993:Broom, R.
773:Lycaenops
749:Cynariops
725:Gorgonops
518:Nochnitsa
482:Gorgonops
189:Synapsida
162:Kingdom:
156:Eukaryota
18:Eoarctops
1773:Q5389521
1767:Wikidata
1733:Category
1630:Rubidgea
1269:Chordata
1267:Phylum:
1263:Animalia
995:(1911).
339:(middle
273:Synonyms
176:Chordata
172:Phylum:
166:Animalia
152:Domain:
1813:4127264
1800:1160797
1787:4823359
1544:Phorcys
1509:Arctops
1168:Bibcode
814:Arctops
691:Phorcys
370:History
323:extinct
224:Genus:
113:↓
1419:nasuta
1415:Dixeya
1186:
1133:
1073:
1048:
430:, and
321:is an
133:Skull
1826:56793
1795:IRMNG
1283:Clade
1274:Clade
1184:S2CID
326:genus
238:Broom
209:Clade
196:Clade
183:Clade
1782:GBIF
1316:see
1131:ISBN
1071:ISBN
1046:ISBN
364:1911
242:1911
52:PreꞒ
1176:doi
1164:194
1106:doi
1038:doi
1009:doi
385:),
362:in
328:of
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1100:.
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350:,
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1102:1
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1054:.
1040::
1015:.
1011::
257:†
228:†
215:†
107:N
97:K
92:J
87:T
82:P
77:C
72:D
67:S
62:O
57:Ꞓ
20:)
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