327:
1980:
518:
108:
1985:
129:
1081:
2008:
326:
1198:
2042:
1269:
372:
of the bones, Atkins-Weltman and colleagues determined that the individual would have been skeletally mature when it died. Based on the observed
358:
and initially listed for commercial sale before being purchased in 2020 for $ 5,000 by Kyle Atkins-Weltman. He then donated the specimen to the
2037:
2057:
2001:
2062:
359:
1979:
1262:
273:
2047:
1984:
480:
had a body mass of approximately 78 kilograms (172 lb). This is larger than several other caenagnathids, such as
362:
for research. Preliminary observation of the material had suggested that the bones belonged to a juvenile specimen of
1225:
128:
347:
2052:
1255:
1097:
is known from the Late
Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation of South Dakota, United States, which dates to the latest
436:, which has been referred to as "pharaoh's chicken". This name was chosen in part to honor the lead author's pet
2011:
1366:
1137:"A new oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the end-Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation of North America"
373:
1199:"'I felt my heart skip a beat': Researcher discovers dinosaur 'chicken from hell' after buying fossil online"
562:
represents the phylogenetic results of a majority rule consensus tree built on 504 most parsimonious trees.
441:
2032:
1651:
531:
249:
390:
as a new genus and species of caenagnathid oviraptorosaur based on these fossil remains. CM 96523, the
452:
word for Hell, referencing the discovery of the fossil material in the Hell Creek
Formation. The full
1420:
1148:
343:
305:
476:
would have had a circumference of 10.58 centimetres (4.17 in). Using this, they estimated that
1542:
384:
517:
107:
1393:
355:
123:
1570:
1535:
1176:
1755:
1488:
1466:
1432:
1278:
1166:
1156:
764:
569:
433:
376:(LAGs), they further estimated that the animal was in the sixth year of life when it died.
1680:
1593:
1577:
1351:
1135:
Atkins-Weltman, K. L.; Simon, D. J.; Woodward, H. N.; Funston, G. F.; Snively, E. (2024).
309:
302:
289:
30:
1171:
1152:
1136:
1948:
1934:
1741:
1718:
1603:
1528:
1513:
730:
668:
583:
212:
1080:
2026:
1920:
1898:
1839:
1823:
1770:
1644:
1630:
1554:
1098:
805:
706:
656:
494:
453:
425:
65:
1891:
1847:
1805:
1748:
1691:
1665:
1335:
1230:
1203:
962:
682:
543:
437:
351:
298:
1161:
1941:
1874:
1812:
1734:
1727:
1563:
1405:
938:
607:
506:
488:
364:
40:
354:, United States. The specimen, which consists of a partial right hindlimb, was
1955:
1906:
1783:
1707:
1623:
1616:
1317:
1308:
896:
781:
554:
500:
482:
410:
403:
186:
85:
50:
1913:
1862:
1855:
1790:
1658:
1520:
1378:
1326:
822:
559:
456:
also references the press nickname—"chicken from hell"—given to the related
406:
369:
199:
140:
90:
1180:
368:, a related dinosaur from the same formation. However, after analyzing the
504:, all of which weighed under 70 kilograms (150 lb). The contemporary
1832:
1797:
1672:
1506:
1302:
1084:
747:
632:
391:
173:
160:
80:
75:
60:
55:
45:
1700:
879:
548:
294:
95:
70:
1296:
150:
1247:
1927:
1883:
1079:
516:
449:
417:
399:
395:
325:
979:
330:
Osteological thin section of one of the holotype metatarsals of
1289:
1251:
394:
specimen, consists of bones from the right leg, including the
1226:"Dinosaur dubbed 'chicken from hell' was armed and dangerous"
468:
After accounting for taphonomic distortion, Atkins-Weltman
1101:. Many other dinosaurs, including the fellow caenagnathid
514:, weighing between 202–342 kilograms (445–754 lb).
1873:
1822:
1769:
1717:
1690:
1602:
1591:
1553:
1486:
1431:
1404:
1377:
1350:
342:fossil material was discovered in sediments of the
334:, with observed LAGs outlined in light blue and red
1192:
1190:
1263:
8:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
2043:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
1775:
1608:
1599:
1498:
1494:
1483:
1410:
1383:
1356:
1347:
1286:
1270:
1256:
1248:
308:of South Dakota, US. The genus contains a
106:
20:
1170:
1160:
1114:
1105:, are also known from the formation.
7:
16:Genus of oviraptorosaurian dinosaurs
954:
930:
871:
847:
797:
722:
698:
674:
649:
624:
599:
575:
565:
428:word "èos", meaning "dawn", with "
360:Carnegie Museum of Natural History
14:
318:, known from a partial hindlimb.
2007:
2006:
1983:
1978:
127:
472:. determined that the femur of
1224:Sample, Ian (March 19, 2014).
1197:Pester, Patrick (2024-01-24).
1:
2038:Fossil taxa described in 2024
2058:Paleontology in South Dakota
1162:10.1371/journal.pone.0294901
432:", the generic name of the
301:theropod dinosaur from the
115:Fossil material known from
2079:
521:Left femur of the holotype
2063:Monotypic dinosaur genera
1996:
1976:
1778:
1611:
1501:
1497:
1482:
1463:
1413:
1386:
1359:
1346:
1285:
976:
959:
952:
935:
928:
893:
876:
869:
852:
845:
819:
802:
795:
778:
761:
744:
727:
720:
703:
696:
679:
672:
654:
647:
629:
622:
604:
597:
580:
573:
255:
248:
124:Scientific classification
122:
114:
105:
23:
379:In 2024, Atkins-Weltman
374:lines of arrested growth
448:", is derived from the
1091:
546:to a clade comprising
522:
335:
1083:
532:phylogenetic analysis
520:
510:was even larger than
440:, named Pharaoh. The
388:Eoneophron infernalis
329:
262:Eoneophron infernalis
344:Hell Creek Formation
322:Discovery and naming
306:Hell Creek Formation
1543:Scansoriopterygidae
1153:2024PLoSO..1994901A
538:. (2024) recovered
2048:Maastrichtian life
1092:
523:
336:
241:E. infernalis
2020:
2019:
1992:
1991:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1765:
1764:
1587:
1586:
1571:Similicaudipteryx
1536:Protarchaeopteryx
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1000:
999:
991:
990:
917:
916:
908:
907:
834:
833:
534:, Atkins-Weltman
280:
279:
2070:
2053:Hell Creek fauna
2010:
2009:
1987:
1982:
1776:
1756:Epichirostenotes
1609:
1600:
1499:
1495:
1489:Oviraptorosauria
1484:
1467:Oviraptorosauria
1433:Oviraptorosauria
1411:
1384:
1357:
1348:
1341:
1340:
1287:
1279:Oviraptorosauria
1272:
1265:
1258:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1164:
1132:
1085:Life restoration
1076:Paleoenvironment
955:
931:
872:
848:
798:
765:Epichirostenotes
723:
699:
675:
650:
625:
600:
576:
570:Oviraptorosauria
566:
558:. The following
434:Egyptian vulture
264:
260:
224:
211:
132:
131:
110:
100:
37:
29:Temporal range:
21:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2016:
1988:
1962:
1869:
1818:
1761:
1713:
1686:
1681:Ojoraptorsaurus
1596:
1594:Caenagnathoidea
1583:
1578:Xingtianosaurus
1549:
1491:
1470:
1447:
1427:
1400:
1373:
1367:Avemetatarsalia
1352:Avemetatarsalia
1342:
1292:
1291:
1281:
1276:
1246:
1245:
1236:
1234:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1207:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1147:(1). e0294901.
1134:
1133:
1116:
1111:
1078:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
918:
909:
835:
528:
466:
424:, combines the
324:
303:Late Cretaceous
287:(meaning "dawn
276:
268:Atkins-Weltman
266:
258:
257:
244:
222:
209:
126:
101:
99:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
35:
34:
31:Late Cretaceous
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2004:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1935:Machairasaurus
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1895:
1888:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1859:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1787:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1742:Caenagnathasia
1738:
1731:
1723:
1721:
1719:Caenagnathinae
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1612:
1606:
1604:Caenagnathidae
1597:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1559:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1539:
1532:
1529:Ningyuansaurus
1525:
1517:
1514:Incisivosaurus
1510:
1502:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1360:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1290:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1216:
1186:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
993:
989:
988:
985:
984:
975:
972:
971:
968:
967:
958:
953:
951:
948:
947:
944:
943:
934:
929:
927:
924:
923:
920:
919:
915:
914:
911:
910:
906:
905:
902:
901:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
875:
870:
868:
865:
864:
861:
860:
851:
846:
844:
841:
840:
837:
836:
832:
831:
828:
827:
818:
815:
814:
811:
810:
801:
796:
794:
791:
790:
787:
786:
777:
774:
773:
770:
769:
760:
757:
756:
753:
752:
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
731:Caenagnathasia
726:
721:
719:
716:
715:
712:
711:
702:
697:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
678:
673:
671:
669:Caenagnathidae
665:
664:
661:
660:
653:
648:
646:
643:
642:
639:
638:
628:
623:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
603:
598:
596:
593:
592:
589:
588:
584:Incisivosaurus
579:
574:
572:
564:
527:
526:Classification
524:
465:
462:
323:
320:
310:single species
278:
277:
267:
253:
252:
246:
245:
237:
235:
231:
230:
220:
216:
215:
213:Caenagnathidae
207:
203:
202:
197:
190:
189:
184:
177:
176:
171:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
120:
119:
112:
111:
103:
102:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
38:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2075:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:Caenagnathids
2031:
2030:
2028:
2013:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1986:
1981:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1921:Jiangxisaurus
1918:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:Ganzhousaurus
1896:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:Corythoraptor
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1824:Oviraptorinae
1821:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:Oviraptoridae
1768:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1652:Leptorhynchos
1649:
1647:
1646:
1645:Gigantoraptor
1642:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1631:Chirostenotes
1628:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1555:Caudipteridae
1552:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:Maastrichtian
1096:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
987:
986:
983:
982:
981:
974:
973:
970:
969:
966:
965:
964:
957:
956:
950:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
940:
933:
932:
926:
925:
922:
921:
913:
912:
904:
903:
900:
899:
898:
891:
890:
887:
886:
883:
882:
881:
874:
873:
867:
866:
863:
862:
859:
858:
857:
850:
849:
843:
842:
839:
838:
830:
829:
826:
825:
824:
817:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
807:
806:Chirostenotes
800:
799:
793:
792:
789:
788:
785:
784:
783:
776:
775:
772:
771:
768:
767:
766:
759:
758:
755:
754:
751:
750:
749:
742:
741:
738:
737:
734:
733:
732:
725:
724:
718:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
708:
707:Gigantoraptor
701:
700:
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
684:
677:
676:
670:
667:
666:
663:
662:
659:
658:
657:Oviraptoridae
652:
651:
645:
644:
641:
640:
637:
635:
634:
627:
626:
620:
619:
616:
615:
612:
610:
609:
602:
601:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
585:
578:
577:
571:
568:
567:
563:
561:
557:
556:
551:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
525:
519:
515:
513:
509:
508:
503:
502:
497:
496:
495:Chirostenotes
491:
490:
485:
484:
479:
475:
471:
463:
461:
459:
455:
454:binomial name
451:
447:
443:
442:specific name
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:Ancient Greek
423:
419:
414:
413:III and IV.
412:
408:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
333:
328:
321:
319:
317:
316:
315:E. infernalis
311:
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:
286:
285:
275:
271:
265:
263:
254:
251:
250:Binomial name
247:
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236:
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142:
139:
136:
135:
130:
125:
121:
118:
113:
109:
104:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
36:Maastrichtian
32:
26:
22:
19:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1897:
1892:Conchoraptor
1890:
1882:
1861:
1854:
1848:Huanansaurus
1846:
1838:
1831:
1811:
1806:Tongtianlong
1804:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1754:
1749:Caenagnathus
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1706:
1699:
1692:Elmisaurinae
1679:
1671:
1666:Microvenator
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1465:
1336:Pennaraptora
1331:
1322:
1313:
1235:. Retrieved
1231:The Guardian
1229:
1219:
1208:. Retrieved
1204:Live Science
1202:
1144:
1140:
1102:
1094:
1093:
1088:
978:
977:
963:Caenagnathus
961:
960:
937:
936:
895:
894:
878:
877:
855:
854:
853:
821:
820:
804:
803:
780:
779:
763:
762:
746:
745:
729:
728:
705:
704:
683:Microvenator
681:
680:
655:
631:
630:
606:
605:
582:
581:
553:
547:
544:sister taxon
539:
535:
529:
511:
505:
499:
493:
487:
481:
477:
473:
469:
467:
457:
445:
438:nile monitor
429:
421:
418:generic name
415:
387:
380:
378:
363:
352:South Dakota
348:Meade County
339:
337:
331:
314:
313:
299:caenagnathid
288:
283:
282:
281:
269:
261:
256:
240:
239:
226:
225:
193:
180:
167:
116:
24:
18:
1942:Nemegtomaia
1875:Heyuanninae
1735:Apatoraptor
1564:Caudipteryx
1421:Maniraptora
1406:Maniraptora
939:Apatoraptor
608:Caudipteryx
489:Apatoraptor
464:Description
458:Anzu wyliei
411:metatarsals
402:with fused
2027:Categories
2000:See also:
1956:Shixinggia
1907:Gobiraptor
1784:Luoyanggia
1708:Elmisaurus
1638:Eoneophron
1624:Beibeilong
1617:Anomalipes
1442:see below↓
1318:Dinosauria
1309:Sauropsida
1237:2024-01-29
1210:2024-01-29
1109:References
1095:Eoneophron
1089:Eoneophron
897:Elmisaurus
856:Eoneophron
782:Anomalipes
555:Elmisaurus
540:Eoneophron
512:Eoneophron
501:Elmisaurus
483:Anomalipes
478:Eoneophron
474:Eoneophron
446:infernalis
422:Eoneophron
340:Eoneophron
332:Eoneophron
284:Eoneophron
227:Eoneophron
187:Saurischia
174:Dinosauria
117:Eoneophron
25:Eoneophron
1914:Heyuannia
1863:Rinchenia
1856:Oviraptor
1791:Nankangia
1659:Hagryphus
1394:Theropoda
1379:Theropoda
1327:Theropoda
1295:Kingdom:
823:Hagryphus
560:cladogram
530:In their
407:calcaneum
404:astragalo
385:described
370:histology
297:genus of
293:") is an
234:Species:
200:Theropoda
147:Kingdom:
141:Eukaryota
2012:Category
2002:Timeline
1833:Citipati
1798:Nomingia
1673:Nomingia
1507:Avimimus
1303:Chordata
1301:Phylum:
1297:Animalia
1181:38266012
1172:10807829
1141:PLOS ONE
748:Nomingia
633:Avimimus
430:Neophron
392:holotype
356:prepared
290:Neophron
206:Family:
161:Chordata
157:Phylum:
151:Animalia
137:Domain:
1701:Citipes
1307:Class:
1149:Bibcode
880:Citipes
549:Citipes
542:as the
295:extinct
259:†
238:†
219:Genus:
33:, late
1949:Oksoko
1813:Yulong
1179:
1169:
498:, and
409:, and
398:, the
1928:Khaan
1884:Banji
1332:Clade
1323:Clade
1314:Clade
636:spp.
611:spp.
536:et al
470:et al
450:Latin
400:tibia
396:femur
381:et al
270:et al
194:Clade
181:Clade
168:Clade
1728:Anzu
1419:see
1392:see
1365:see
1177:PMID
1103:Anzu
980:Anzu
552:and
507:Anzu
416:The
365:Anzu
338:The
274:2024
41:PreꞒ
1521:Kol
1167:PMC
1157:doi
1087:of
444:, "
346:in
272:.,
2029::
1334::
1325::
1316::
1228:.
1201:.
1189:^
1175:.
1165:.
1155:.
1145:19
1143:.
1139:.
1117:^
492:,
486:,
460:.
420:,
383:.
350:,
312:,
196::
183::
170::
91:Pg
1959:?
1902:?
1887:?
1866:?
1851:?
1843:?
1801:?
1676:?
1546:?
1524:?
1271:e
1264:t
1257:v
1240:.
1213:.
1183:.
1159::
1151::
223:†
210:†
96:N
86:K
81:J
76:T
71:P
66:C
61:D
56:S
51:O
46:Ꞓ
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