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were able to confirm the location, and after many decades of excavations, it was confirmed that possibly only the front hall was constructed during the Qin dynasty, contradicting literary accounts of an opulent palace. Archaeologists believe that possibly only a wall was built upon the rammed earth
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foundation platform measured 1,320m east to west, 420m north to south, and 8m in height, making the mausoleum the largest burial complex of a single ruler ever to have been constructed anywhere in the world. Archaeologists have suggested the dimensions in Sima Qian's account are meant to be
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entered the already-surrendered capital
Xianyang a year later in 206 BCE, the city was sacked and the palaces of Qin were burned to the ground. While Sima Qian does not mention it explicitly, it was long assumed throughout history that Epang Palace burnt with them.
472:, and cast them into twelve bronze figures of the type of bell stands, each 1000 dan in weight, and displayed them in the palace. He unified the law, weights and measurements, standardized the axle width of carriages, and standardized the writing system.
401:— that was previously used only for semi-divine figures. Among these efforts included a number of grand construction projects, such as building roads and defensive walls. One such project was to be the building of a grand palace on the south bank of the
462:, each weighing about 70 tons of bronze, as one of the major endeavours of his reign. These bronze statues remained very famous in ancient China and were the object of numerous commentaries, until they were lost around the 4th century CE:
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has been judged by history to be an ineffectual ruler, leading to a great weakening of Qin's power. After a complicated and bloody series of power struggles, Qin Er Shi was forced to commit suicide by his formerly trusted
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Since Sima Qian's account of the destruction of the palace by Xiang Yu, the palace has been a symbol of the end of the Qin dynasty, with many writers emphasising the poignancy of its opulence being lost in the blaze. The
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Construction of the palace began in 212 BCE, and continued after Qin Shi Huang died two years later, although work had to be delayed for a year to focus on the construction of the late emperor's tomb at
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in 221 BCE, he took a number of measures to establish his authority, including giving himself a title – commonly translated into
English as
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understood as referring to plans for the eventual size of the palace, had its construction not been halted, hence the discrepancy.
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is a local name for a hill, and the name is meant to suggest the height of a room on a hill. The third is that the character
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Shelah, Gideon (2014). "Collapse or transformation? Anthropological and archeological perspectives on the fall of Qin,"
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302:. Archaeologists believe that only the front hall was completed before the capital was sacked in 206 BCE.
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provides three possible explanations. The first is that the name refers to the broadness of the rooms (
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Also according to Sima Qian, the
Emperor founded twelve monumental bronze statues for his palace, the
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873:"The Construction and Deconstruction of Epanggong: Notes from the Crossroads of History and Poetry"
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425:, and thereafter the Qin dynasty collapsed. According to Sima Qian, when the anti-Qin rebel and
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West side of the rammed earth platform of the front hall. Epang Palace
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The exact location of Epang Palace was not recorded in Sima Qian's
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Major
Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level
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847:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Waiyu jiaoyuxue yu yanjiu chubanshe.
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does not explain what the name means, but the later commentator
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http://english.people.com.cn/200412/28/eng20041228_168965.html
912:"The Cosmic Center in Early China and Its Archaic Resonances"
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Excavation of the western side of the rammed-earth platform
817:[My Thoughts on the Pronunciations of Epanggong].
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et al, Berkeley: University of
California Press), p 129.
813:
Zou, Guangchun (2008). "Ēpánggōng de dúyīn zhī wǒ jiàn"
686:, the latter of whom depicted the palace's destruction.
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Since 1961, the site of the palace has been listed as a
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Major
National Historical and Cultural Sites in Shaanxi
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The people of Qin had not a moment to lament their fate
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was a
Chinese palace complex built during the reign of
985:
Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies
466:收天下兵, 聚之咸陽, 銷以為鍾鐻金人十二, 重各千石, 置廷宮中. 一法度衡石丈尺. 車同軌. 書同文字.
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The palace was also the subject of paintings by the
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794:[The Pronunciations of Epanggong].
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981:"The First Emperor and sculpture in China"
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1020:"The Great Palace of Ch'in' - A Rhapsody"
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413:. Qin Shi Huang's son and successor
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290:and the founder of the short-lived
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760:Protected Sites:Epang Palace Site
660:Then they too will merely provide
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656:When those who come after lament
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780:Epang Palace Legends Blasted
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838:Xiàndài Hànyǔ Guīfàn Cídiǎn
662:Fresh cause for lamentation
294:. It is located in western
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1018:Barmé, Geremie R. (2019).
836:Li, Xingjian, ed. (2004).
1166:Shuihudi Qin bamboo texts
1093:Qin's wars of unification
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97:34.265004°N 108.807846°E
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102:34.265004; 108.807846
1161:Twelve Metal Colossi
547:A gate of the Palace
459:Twelve Metal Colossi
452:Twelve metal colossi
389:After Qin Shi Huang
928:2011IAUS..278..298P
721:Unfinished building
598:Cultural references
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429:aristocrat
347:Han dynasty
292:Qin dynasty
100: /
88:108°48′28″E
75:Coordinates
48:Established
1196:Categories
766:References
584:He Shixing
578:in China,
415:Qin Er Shi
349:historian
332:, and the
191:Ēpáng Gōng
85:34°15′54″N
1039:(amended)
1029:7 January
1005:0041-977X
946:130391655
890:7 January
815:阿房宫的读音之我见
594:(1-151).
580:Su Bingqi
576:civil war
521:(in blue)
493:Huainanzi
484:Sima Qian
403:Wei River
399:"Emperor"
355:Yan Shigu
351:Sima Qian
1134:Xianyang
1127:See also
962:, (eds.
841:现代汉语规范词典
825:: 19–21.
751:Archived
714:Yuan Yao
690:See also
680:Yuan Yao
678:painter
613:rhapsody
475:—
470:Xianyang
431:Xiang Yu
423:Zhao Gao
411:Mount Li
379:Xianyang
377:capital
56:Location
1086:History
924:Bibcode
490:in the
437:In his
385:History
64:Shaanxi
1080:topics
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802:: 156.
792:阿房宫的读音
646:而復哀後人也
631:秦人不暇自哀
488:Liu An
420:eunuch
318:, and
942:S2CID
876:(PDF)
843:[
634:而後人哀之
609:Du Mu
607:poet
519:Xi'an
479:Shiji
340:Efang
330:Epang
320:Afang
316:Efang
312:Epang
296:Xi’an
228:阿房宮遺址
214:阿房宫遗址
68:China
60:Xi'an
26:阿房宫遗址
1031:2022
1001:ISSN
892:2022
643:亦使後人
640:而不鑒之
637:後人哀之
605:Tang
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367:fang
359:fang
345:The
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51:1961
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375:Qin
161:阿房宮
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