1053:
1847:
351:, and thus allegedly told the Sassanian government that John had committed simony and was a rebel. The Sasanian government captured John and transferred him to Ephraim, who subsequently humiliated and imprisoned John at Antioch, where he died in 538. In 537/538, Ephraim held a synod at Antioch, which was attended by 132 bishops, and declared his approval of the
219:
struck
Antioch. Ephraim began reconstruction of the city, during which he saw a pillar of fire rise from a sleeping stone-cutter to the sky. The saint awoke the stone-cutter who revealed he had formerly been a bishop and prophesied that Ephraim would become Patriarch of Antioch. Ephraim's efforts to
232:
In 528, Antioch was struck by another earthquake, during which under 5000 people were killed, and the saint helped to rebuild the city once more. Antioch continued to suffer earthquakes and many fled the city, however, Ephraim commanded the people to write "May Christ be with us" over the doors of
323:
was removed from the bonfire unharmed and the stylite renounced his heresy. Ephraim sent his brother John, a satrap of an
Armenian principality, to Amida to convince non-Chalcedonian monks to accept the Council of Chalcedon, however, they refused and John was forced to expel them from the city.
400:
Ephraim held a synod at
Antioch in 542 in which he condemned Origen and supporters of his doctrines. In an attempt to heal the rift between supporters and opponents of the council of Chalcedon, Emperor Justinian I issued an edict in late 543 or early 544 that condemned the so-called
368:
Eruption of war between the
Sassanians and Romans led Antioch to come under siege by Sassanian forces in 540. Ephraim unsuccessfully attempted to pay the Sassanians to relieve their siege on several occasions, however, the Sassanians seized the city and Ephraim fled to
304:, and Amida. Ephraim had non-Chalcedonian monks driven out from their monasteries in the middle of winter, imprisoned those who refused to accept the council, and erected pyres in some cases. According to his hagiography, Ephraim met with a non-Chalcedonian
245:, invaded Syria and enslaved a number of prisoners in 529, and in the following year the prisoners appealed to Ephraim who paid their ransom. Non-Chalcedonians rioted in Antioch in 531 and attacked the patriarchal palace, but were driven off by the
373:, where he remained until the Romans retook Antioch. The cathedral of Antioch and its buildings were spared destruction after Ephraim paid the Sassanian forces in precious objects. In 542, Ephraim travelled to Jerusalem, where he met with six
1073:
312:
or
Heracleia and attempted to convert him, however, the stylite was unconvinced. The stylite built a bonfire and argued he and the saint should both enter the bonfire to test who was right, to which Ephraim put his
1134:
272:
in August 536, the saint undertook a tour of Syria and
Mesopotamia alongside a contingent of soldiers to enforce the Council of Chalcedon and persecute its opponents, and travelled to
194:, a chariot racing faction, who had rioted earlier that year. Rioting within the city ceased as a result of Ephraim's actions, and, in 524/525, he was bestowed the honorary title of
1950:
224:
as patriarch, as he had died in the earthquake of 526. At the request of the people of
Antioch, Ephraim became a monk, and was consecrated Patriarch of Antioch in April/May 527.
265:
and warn him that non-Chalcedonians had secured control of the
Churches of Alexandria and Constantinople. Agapetus consequently intervened and Anthimus was deposed in 536.
1127:
1063:
257:, and reminded him of the importance of the Council of Chalcedon. Later, Anthimus became patriarch in 535 and adopted non-Chalcedonianism, which led Ephraim to send
1023:
1880:
1120:
1143:
1094:
343:, and unsuccessfully attempted to persuade the king to accept the Council of Chalcedon. In 537, Ephraim conspired to imprison the non-Chalcedonian clergyman
1935:
1930:
1062:
409:. The saint initially refused to agree to the edict, however, the emperor threatened Ephraim with deposition, after which he agreed to condemn the
1955:
1905:
1900:
1925:
1920:
365:
Stephen, who were suspected of adherence to
Eutychianism, were considered by the synod, but were acquitted after a confession of faith.
1496:
1895:
1033:
1000:
979:
946:
922:
881:
860:
828:
804:
662:
1376:
1960:
1915:
1276:
137:
352:
253:, Archbishop of Trebizond, prior to his consecration as patriarch of Constantinople on the natures of Christ and the heresy of
238:
936:
871:
528:
914:
A History of the
Councils of the Church: from the Original Documents, to the close of the Second Council of Nicaea A.D. 787
1223:
1696:
969:
394:
250:
1910:
1890:
704:
481:
818:
196:
174:
1302:
1940:
1885:
1666:
406:
1945:
1809:
1803:
1779:
1478:
1466:
1211:
1199:
1624:
1514:
1430:
381:. The monks appealed to the saint to act against Origenism. Ephraim then attended the Synod of Gaza alongside
1636:
1594:
1576:
1508:
1382:
1308:
1253:
1875:
1618:
1612:
1570:
1552:
1454:
1406:
1364:
1314:
1265:
1193:
1181:
173:. Ephraim was later employed in the civil government, and served as a military general during the reigns of
83:
1642:
1600:
1582:
1436:
1400:
1352:
1340:
1290:
1271:
1259:
1235:
1217:
1205:
1175:
1163:
1104:
1087:
221:
1821:
1791:
1755:
1690:
1630:
1529:
1502:
1490:
1472:
1412:
1358:
1323:
1241:
990:
912:
850:
216:
1588:
1523:
1448:
1424:
1388:
1296:
1797:
1773:
1731:
1708:
1660:
1648:
1606:
1370:
1229:
386:
374:
332:
87:
1418:
1346:
1564:
1767:
1737:
1672:
1654:
1546:
1394:
1247:
220:
rebuild the city earned him the affinity of the people of Antioch and many called for him to succeed
177:
133:
54:
1284:
794:
1870:
1851:
1815:
1785:
1761:
1743:
1684:
1678:
1068:
382:
258:
186:
166:
50:
1702:
1558:
1187:
820:
Crisis Management in Late Antiquity (410–590 CE): A Survey of the Evidence from Episcopal Letters
390:
328:
269:
94:
1827:
1749:
1484:
1029:
996:
975:
942:
918:
877:
856:
824:
800:
658:
965:
348:
201:
145:
1058:
262:
170:
149:
129:
1840:
1442:
1112:
932:
356:
191:
121:
109:
1864:
1019:
814:
790:
414:
344:
301:
285:
59:
1714:
1157:
254:
652:
1074:
Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century
340:
289:
17:
417:
to declare he had only agreed under force. Ephraim died in the following year.
233:
their houses. The earthquake subsequently stopped, and thus Antioch was called
336:
315:
297:
839:
1846:
361:
273:
1025:
Christology After Chalcedon: Severus of Antioch and Sergius the Monophysite
1043:
Van Rompay, Lucas (2005). "Society and Community in the Christian East".
892:
281:
242:
181:
370:
305:
205:
165:
Ephraim was the son of a certain Appianus, and was born in the city of
378:
309:
277:
211:
In late 525, Ephraim was replaced by Anatolius, but was re-appointed
63:
355:
in 536 and condemned Severus of Antioch. Syncleticus, Archbishop of
293:
268:
After Emperor Justinian I issued an edict banning the writings of
141:
971:
A History of the Holy Eastern Church: The Patriarchate of Antioch
938:
The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume 2, AD 395–527
433:
793:(2011). "Episcopal Succession in Antioch in the Sixth Century".
1116:
169:
in the fifth century, where he became fluent in both Greek and
190:
by Emperor Justin and undertook stern measures against the
891:
Gratsiansky, M.V.; Dobrotsvetov, P.K. (2009). "Ephrem".
140:, from 527 until his death in 545. He is venerated as a
992:
Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 1
958:
Justinian and the Making of the Syrian Orthodox Church
377:
monks who had been expelled from their monasteries by
1724:
1539:
1333:
1150:
93:
79:
71:
46:
41:
34:
1012:Justinien. L'épopée de l'Empire d'Orient (527-565)
708:Russian Orthodox Cathedral of St.John the Baptist.
1064:"Ephraim (6), bp. of Antioch and patriarch"
641:Gratsiansky & Dobrotsvetov (2009), pp. 25–32
1045:The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian
208:in November 524 or February, June or July 525.
532:Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Toronto (Canada).
1128:
852:Antioch on the Orontes: A History and a Guide
8:
1951:Ancient Christians involved in controversies
902:Grumel, Venance (1958). "La Chronologie I".
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
1135:
1121:
1113:
1081:
764:
762:
542:
540:
538:
467:
465:
463:
461:
31:
752:
750:
523:
521:
838:Bacchus, F.J. (1912). "Three Chapters".
511:
509:
204:. Ephraim carried out building works in
685:
683:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
425:
331:, Ephraim was sent as an ambassador to
699:
697:
695:
796:Episcopal Elections in Late Antiquity
726:Jones & Martindale (1980), p. 396
503:Jones & Martindale (1980), p. 395
200:, thus granting him admission to the
42:Patriarch of Antioch and All the East
7:
1881:Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch
1144:Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch
1077:(3rd ed.). London: John Murray.
844:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
482:St. Ephraim the Patriarch of Antioch
319:in the fire. After three hours, the
27:Patriarch of Antioch from 527 to 545
1095:Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch
906:. Presses universitaires de France.
654:Fragments of St. Ephraim of Antioch
529:Saint Ephraim, Patriarch of Antioch
261:with a letter to Rome to meet with
894:The Orthodox Encyclopedia, vol. 19
849:Christensen-Ernst, Jørgen (2012).
25:
1936:6th-century Christian theologians
1931:5th-century Christian theologians
705:St. Ephraim, Patriarch of Antioch
657:. Dalcassian Publishing Company.
1845:
1051:
215:by 29 May 526, at which time an
184:. In 522, Ephraim was appointed
138:Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch
911:Hefele, Charles Joseph (2007).
573:Allen & Neil (2013), p. 200
446:Christensen-Ernst (2012), p. 70
437:Syriac Biographical Dictionary.
941:. Cambridge University Press.
876:. Princeton University Press.
434:Ephrem of Amida — ܐܦܪܝܡ ܐܡܕܝܐ
347:, who had taken refuge in the
1:
1956:6th-century Byzantine writers
1906:5th-century Byzantine bishops
1901:6th-century Byzantine bishops
1071:; Piercy, William C. (eds.).
1047:. Cambridge University Press.
1028:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
974:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
917:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
873:A History of Antioch in Syria
1926:6th-century Christian saints
1921:5th-century Christian saints
935:; Martindale, J. R. (1980).
651:Curtin, D. P. (March 2018).
395:Patriarch Paul of Alexandria
353:synod held at Constantinople
327:At this time, according to
152:. His feast day is 8 June.
1977:
960:. Oxford University Press.
904:Traité d'études byzantines
870:Downey, Glanville (2015).
485:OCA – Lives of the Saints.
393:and condemned and deposed
197:comes sacrarum largitionum
180:and his successor Emperor
1837:
1101:
1092:
1084:
956:Menze, Volker L. (2008).
933:Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin
841:The Catholic Encyclopedia
744:van Rompay (2005), p. 247
717:Menze (2008), pp. 118–119
407:Three-Chapter Controversy
125:
114:Άγιος Εφραίμ ο Αντιοχείας
113:
1896:Roman governors of Syria
1520:Theodosius V (1276–1285)
1463:Athanasius I (1166–1180)
817:; Neil, Bronwen (2013).
132:: ܐܦܪܝܡ ܐܡܕܝܐ), was the
106:Saint Ephraim of Antioch
36:Saint Ephraim of Antioch
1961:6th-century archbishops
1916:Syrian Christian saints
1852:Christianity portal
1460:Macarius II (1164–1166)
84:Eastern Orthodox Church
1010:Tate, Georges (2004).
989:Shahîd, Irfan (1995).
126:Άγιος Εφραίμ o Ἀμίδιος
118:Saint Ephraim of Amida
1401:Macarius the Virtuous
799:. Walter de Gruyter.
777:Hefele (2007), p. 244
756:Hefele (2007), p. 216
677:Torrance (1998), p. 6
591:Downey (2015), p. 527
555:Grumel (1958), p. 447
515:Downey (2015), p. 519
405:, thus beginning the
333:Al-Harith ibn Jabalah
88:Roman Catholic Church
1725:18th century–present
735:Menze (2008), p. 231
609:Menze (2008), p. 196
600:Menze (2008), p. 198
582:Shahîd (1995), p. 81
564:Neale (2008), p. 165
546:Neale (2008), p. 202
228:Patriarch of Antioch
134:Patriarch of Antioch
55:Eastern Roman Empire
1540:14th–17th centuries
1334:10th–13th centuries
1320:Michael I (879–890)
689:Tate (2004), p. 416
455:Allen (2011), p. 29
259:Sergius of Reshaina
249:. Ephraim wrote to
1911:5th-century births
1891:Syrian archbishops
995:. Dumbarton Oaks.
855:. Hamilton Books.
391:Peter of Jerusalem
329:Michael the Syrian
270:Severus of Antioch
136:, and head of the
1858:
1857:
1151:6th–9th centuries
1111:
1110:
1102:Succeeded by
966:Neale, John Mason
308:near the city of
150:Catholic Churches
116:), also known as
103:
102:
80:Venerated in
16:(Redirected from
1968:
1941:Comites Orientis
1886:Byzantine saints
1850:
1849:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1114:
1085:Preceded by
1082:
1078:
1066:
1059:Venables, Edmund
1055:
1054:
1048:
1039:
1015:
1006:
985:
961:
952:
928:
907:
898:
887:
866:
845:
834:
810:
778:
775:
769:
766:
757:
754:
745:
742:
736:
733:
727:
724:
718:
715:
709:
701:
690:
687:
678:
675:
669:
668:
648:
642:
639:
610:
607:
601:
598:
592:
589:
583:
580:
574:
571:
565:
562:
556:
553:
547:
544:
533:
525:
516:
513:
504:
501:
486:
478:
472:
469:
456:
453:
447:
444:
438:
430:
389:, and Patriarch
385:, Archbishop of
349:Sassanian Empire
146:Eastern Orthodox
127:
115:
67:
32:
21:
18:Ephraim of Amida
1976:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1946:Miracle workers
1861:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1844:
1843:
1833:
1720:
1535:
1395:George Lascaris
1329:
1146:
1141:
1107:
1098:
1090:
1057:
1052:
1042:
1036:
1018:
1009:
1003:
988:
982:
964:
955:
949:
931:
925:
910:
901:
890:
884:
869:
863:
848:
837:
831:
813:
807:
789:
786:
781:
776:
772:
767:
760:
755:
748:
743:
739:
734:
730:
725:
721:
716:
712:
702:
693:
688:
681:
676:
672:
665:
650:
649:
645:
640:
613:
608:
604:
599:
595:
590:
586:
581:
577:
572:
568:
563:
559:
554:
550:
545:
536:
526:
519:
514:
507:
502:
489:
479:
475:
471:Venables (1911)
470:
459:
454:
450:
445:
441:
431:
427:
423:
413:, and wrote to
298:Theodosioupolis
263:Pope Agapetus I
237:(city of God).
230:
163:
158:
57:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1974:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1876:Church Fathers
1873:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1841:Constantinople
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1830:(2012–present)
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1732:Athanasius III
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1709:Athanasius III
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1685:Euthymius III
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
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1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1479:Christopher II
1476:
1470:
1467:Theodosius III
1464:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
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1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
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1279:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1212:Anastasius III
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
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1147:
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1139:
1132:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1020:Torrance, Iain
1016:
1007:
1001:
986:
980:
962:
953:
947:
929:
923:
908:
899:
888:
882:
867:
861:
846:
835:
829:
815:Allen, Pauline
811:
805:
791:Allen, Pauline
785:
782:
780:
779:
770:
768:Bacchus (1912)
758:
746:
737:
728:
719:
710:
691:
679:
670:
663:
643:
611:
602:
593:
584:
575:
566:
557:
548:
534:
517:
505:
487:
473:
457:
448:
439:
424:
422:
419:
411:Three Chapters
403:Three Chapters
335:, King of the
280:, Hierapolis,
247:comes Orientis
241:, King of the
239:Al-Mundhir III
229:
226:
213:comes Orientis
187:comes Orientis
162:
159:
157:
154:
101:
100:
97:
91:
90:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
48:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1973:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
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1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
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1927:
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1912:
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1907:
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1902:
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1853:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1810:Theodosius VI
1808:
1805:
1804:Alexander III
1802:
1799:
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1778:
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1727:
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1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
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1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:Athanasius II
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:Dorotheus III
1623:
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1545:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1515:Theodosius IV
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
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1818:(1970–1979)
1812:(1958–1970)
1806:(1931–1958)
1800:(1906–1928)
1794:(1899–1906)
1792:Meletius II
1788:(1891–1898)
1782:(1885–1891)
1776:(1850–1885)
1770:(1823–1850)
1764:(1813–1823)
1758:(1791–1813)
1756:Euthymius V
1752:(1767–1791)
1746:(1766–1767)
1740:(1724–1766)
1734:(1720–1724)
1717:(1694–1720)
1711:(1685–1694)
1705:(1673–1682)
1699:(1647–1672)
1693:(1635–1647)
1687:(1634–1635)
1681:(1619–1634)
1675:(1611–1619)
1669:(1604–1611)
1667:Dorotheus V
1663:(1593–1604)
1657:(1553–1592)
1651:(1577–1581)
1645:(1543–1576)
1639:(1541–1543)
1633:(1523–1541)
1627:(1497–1523)
1621:(1483–1497)
1619:Gregory III
1615:(1476–1483)
1613:Joachim III
1603:(1454–1476)
1597:(1436–1454)
1591:(1426–1436)
1585:(1411–1426)
1579:(1410–1411)
1573:(1401–1410)
1571:Michael III
1567:(1393–1401)
1561:(1386–1393)
1559:Pachomius I
1555:(1342–1386)
1553:Ignatius II
1549:(1308–1342)
1532:(1293–1308)
1526:(1285–1293)
1517:(1269–1276)
1511:(1268–1269)
1505:(1245–1268)
1499:(1219–1245)
1497:Dorotheus I
1493:(1199–1219)
1487:(1185–1199)
1485:Theodore IV
1481:(1184–1185)
1475:(1182–1184)
1469:(1180–1182)
1457:(1159–1164)
1455:Euthymius I
1451:(1155–1159)
1445:(1090–1155)
1439:(1084–1090)
1433:(1075–1084)
1427:(1062–1075)
1421:(1051–1062)
1415:(1028–1051)
1409:(1023–1028)
1407:Eleutherius
1403:(1015–1023)
1397:(1010–1015)
1391:(1003–1010)
1385:(1000–1003)
1365:Theodore II
1315:Nicholas II
1266:Theophylact
1069:Wace, Henry
341:Justinian I
339:by Emperor
302:Constantina
1871:545 deaths
1865:Categories
1798:Gregory IV
1774:Hierotheos
1703:Neophytos
1661:Joachim VI
1649:Michael VI
1643:Joachim IV
1601:Michael IV
1583:Joachim II
1437:Nicephorus
1379:(995–1000)
1353:Eustratius
1341:George III
1291:Nicholas I
1272:Theodore I
1260:Stephen IV
1236:Theophanes
1230:Macarius I
1218:Macedonius
1206:Gregory II
1176:Domnus III
1164:Euphrasius
1105:Domnus III
1088:Euphrasius
421:References
379:Origenists
359:, and his
337:Ghassanids
321:omophorion
316:omophorion
310:Hierapolis
294:Callinicum
222:Euphrasius
217:earthquake
178:Anastasius
161:Early life
60:Diyarbakır
1780:Gerasimos
1768:Methodius
1738:Sylvester
1655:Joachim V
1631:Michael V
1530:Dionysius
1503:Simeon II
1491:Joachim I
1473:Elias III
1413:Peter III
1373:(977–995)
1367:(966–977)
1361:(960–966)
1355:(939–960)
1349:(917–939)
1343:(902–917)
1326:(890–902)
1324:Zacharias
1317:(860–879)
1311:(852–860)
1305:(840–852)
1299:(834–840)
1293:(826–834)
1287:(810–826)
1277:Theodoret
1268:(744–751)
1262:(742–744)
1256:(695–702)
1250:(690–695)
1248:George II
1244:(687–690)
1242:Sebastian
1238:(681–687)
1232:(656–681)
1226:(640–656)
1220:(628–640)
1214:(620–628)
1208:(610–620)
1202:(599–609)
1196:(594–599)
1190:(571–594)
1188:Gregory I
1184:(561–571)
1178:(546–561)
1172:(526–546)
1166:(521–526)
1160:(518–521)
1014:. Fayard.
823:. BRILL.
362:syncellus
235:Theopolis
156:Biography
1816:Elias IV
1786:Spyridon
1762:Seraphim
1744:Philemon
1589:Mark III
1524:Arsenius
1449:John VII
1425:Aemilian
1389:Elias II
1297:Simeon I
1281:John III
1224:George I
1099:527–545
1061:(1911).
1022:(1998).
968:(2008).
383:Hypatius
251:Anthimus
243:Lakhmids
182:Justin I
1715:Cyril V
1607:Mark IV
1443:John VI
1419:John V
1377:John IV
1371:Agapius
1303:Elias I
1170:Ephraim
1158:Paul II
387:Ephesus
375:Sabaite
371:Cilicia
306:stylite
274:Chalcis
206:Antioch
175:Emperor
144:in the
1828:John X
1750:Daniel
1609:(1476)
1347:Job II
1056:
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978:
945:
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661:
357:Tarsus
286:Edessa
282:Batnae
278:Beroea
202:senate
171:Syriac
130:Syriac
99:8 June
64:Turkey
1565:Nilus
1285:Job I
1067:. In
192:Blues
167:Amida
142:saint
122:Greek
110:Greek
95:Feast
51:Amida
1547:Mark
1030:ISBN
997:ISBN
976:ISBN
943:ISBN
919:ISBN
878:ISBN
857:ISBN
825:ISBN
801:ISBN
659:ISBN
290:Sura
148:and
72:Died
47:Born
75:545
1867::
761:^
749:^
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300:,
296:,
292:,
288:,
284:,
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886:.
865:.
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667:.
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66:)
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