124:
metal implants have been used to perform temporary hemiepiphysiodesis or guided growth surgery as a two-hole plate and screws and staples. Figure 1 Any metal implant originally used to achieve temporary hemiepiphysiodesis should be removed once the intended deformity correction is reached. Otherwise the child will go into the reverse deformity, a phenomenon known as overcorrection. For example, failure to remove the metal implant in due time for a child that was being treated for a
99:. Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis works through arresting or inhibiting the physeal growth at one hemi-side of the growth plate. In consequence the other hemi-side is allowed to grow normally and unhindered. This process occurs gradually and steadily and eventually leads to correction of the angular deformity in most cases. Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis or guided growth surgery has been used to treat angular deformities in children with diverse bone and joint disorders such as
140:
Generally, the results of temporary hemiepiphysiodesis or guided growth surgery are satisfactory. In contrast to osteotomy or external fixation correction, it is considered as a less traumatic and safe surgical method. The complications are of low profile in terms of severity and frequency generally.
123:
among others. Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis is increasingly been viewed as more simple and efficient alternative to the classic time-honored osteotomy or bone cutting practice. Bone osteotomy achieve deformity correction immediately while temporary hemiepiphysiodesis does so gradually. A variety of
74:
used to achieve epiphysiodesis can be removed after the desired correction is achieved and the growth plate can thus resume its normal growth and function. In contrast, permanent epiphysiodesis is irreversible and the growth plate function cannot be restored after surgery. Both temporary
95:. Additionally, it has been used to treat sagittal plane deformities i.e. deformities arising the anterior/posterior plane. Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis has also been used to treat deformities around the hips and ankles and in the upper extremity growth plates such as the distal radius
170:
The procedure must be performed for an appropriate duration during the patient's adolescent growth phase so that the limbs are near-equal in length by the end of skeletal growth. Poor timing can lead to a length mismatch, resulting in poor outcomes and significant patient morbidity.
424:
Burghardt, Rolf D.; Herzenberg, John E.; Andre Strahl; Bernius, Peter; Kazim, Murteza A. (November 2018). "Treatment failures and complications in patients with Blount disease treated with temporary hemiepiphysiodesis: A critical systematic literature review".
70:. There are two types of epiphysiodesis: temporary hemiepiphysiodesis and permanent epiphysiodesis. Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis is also known as guided growth surgery or growth modulation surgery. Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis is reversible i.e. the metal
739:
87:
Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis is widely used to treat angular or coronal plane deformities around the knee in children i.e. deformities occurring in the medial/lateral plane as
732:
232:
Yang, Irene; Gottliebsen, Martin; Martinkevich, Polina; Schindeler, Aaron; Little, David G. (November 2017). "Guided growth: Current perspectives and future challenges".
725:
153:. Additionally, recurrence of bone deformity or rebound phenomenon and subsequent repeated surgeries has been closely linked to bone deformities arising from
149:. Mechanical failure of the metal implant as plate and screws and failure to achieve full correction of the deformity has been closely associated with the
609:"The effect of temporary hemiepiphysiodesis in the treatment of skeleton immature posttraumatic genu angular deformity: a retrospective study of 27 cases"
157:. Generally, children should be followed up for deformity recurrence or rebound after removal of the metal implant used to achieve deformity correction.
1132:
370:
EL-Sobky, Tamer A.; Samir, Shady; Baraka, Mostafa M.; Fayyad, Tamer A.; Mahran, Mahmoud A.; Aly, Ahmad S.; Amen, John; Mahmoud, Shady (January 2020).
1084:
1244:
29:
527:
372:"Growth Modulation for Knee Coronal Plane Deformities in Children With Nutritional Rickets: A Prospective Series With Treatment Algorithm"
990:
1141:
985:
523:"Characterization of knee alignment in children with mucopolysaccharidosis types I and II and outcome of treatment with guided growth"
75:
hemiepiphysiodesis and permanent epiphysiodesis are used to treat a diverse array of pediatric orthopedic disorders but the exact
1044:
1039:
936:
708:
318:
EL-Sobky, Tamer A.; Samir, Shady; Atiyya, Ahmed Naeem; Mahmoud, Shady; Aly, Ahmad S.; Soliman, Ramy (21 March 2018).
320:"Current paediatric orthopaedic practice in hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the forearm: a systematic review"
973:
1077:
1099:
890:
576:"Guided Growth for Correction of Knee Flexion Contracture in Patients with Arthrogryposis: Preliminary Results"
574:
Trofimova, Svetlana I.; Buklaev, Dmitry S.; Petrova, Ekaterina V.; Mulevanova, Svetlana A. (14 December 2016).
1009:
880:
848:
154:
146:
108:
978:
76:
1156:
660:"Correction of lower limb deformities in children with renal osteodystrophy by guided growth technique"
1067:
787:
120:
275:
Bouchard, Maryse (September 2017). "Guided Growth: Novel
Applications in the Hip, Knee, and Ankle".
1219:
1029:
951:
150:
142:
104:
1161:
1094:
895:
843:
759:
500:
473:"Risk factors for failure of temporary hemiepiphysiodesis in Blount disease: A systematic review"
450:
300:
257:
71:
55:
1197:
1151:
946:
941:
792:
689:
640:
556:
492:
442:
403:
349:
292:
249:
211:
24:
141:
Yet, there are concerns about the use of temporary hemiepiphysiodesis in certain diseases as
1137:
1062:
679:
671:
630:
620:
587:
546:
536:
484:
434:
393:
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331:
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67:
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1212:
1127:
1072:
885:
684:
659:
635:
608:
551:
522:
398:
371:
344:
319:
112:
1238:
1022:
921:
864:
782:
504:
454:
304:
261:
1182:
1146:
1089:
838:
823:
808:
388:
96:
63:
607:
Ding, Jing; Zhu, Ting; Jin, Fang-chun; Wu, Zhen-kai; Li, Hai (21 November 2019).
488:
438:
288:
1192:
1187:
1017:
833:
818:
675:
129:
92:
59:
206:
189:
1207:
1177:
1034:
828:
813:
625:
541:
245:
125:
116:
88:
705:
335:
965:
926:
916:
472:
52:
693:
644:
560:
496:
446:
407:
353:
296:
253:
215:
592:
575:
100:
38:
1000:
767:
749:
721:
580:
Pediatric
Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery
471:
Fan, Bensen; Zhao, Caixia; Sabharwal, Sanjeev (January 2020).
190:"Update on guided growth concepts around the knee in children"
194:
Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research
658:
Gigante, C.; Borgo, A.; Corradin, M. (February 2017).
1170:
1110:
1055:
1008:
999:
964:
909:
873:
857:
801:
775:
766:
23:
18:
521:Ashby, Elizabeth; Eastwood, Deborah (June 2015).
58:procedure that aims at altering or stopping the
466:
464:
419:
417:
733:
8:
365:
363:
613:Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
516:
514:
1005:
772:
740:
726:
718:
227:
225:
83:Guided growth temporary hemiepiphysiodesis
1133:Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
683:
634:
624:
591:
550:
540:
397:
387:
343:
205:
1085:Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction
180:
15:
7:
991:Autologous chondrocyte implantation
477:Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B
427:Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B
34:
1142:Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
986:Knee cartilage replacement therapy
664:Journal of Children's Orthopaedics
528:Journal of Children's Orthopaedics
376:JAAOS: Global Research and Reviews
128:can result in overcorrection to a
79:for each procedure are different.
14:
277:Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics
62:naturally occurring through the
1245:Orthopedic surgical procedures
389:10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-19-00009
1:
489:10.1097/BPB.0000000000000603
439:10.1097/BPB.0000000000000523
289:10.1097/BPO.0000000000001022
676:10.1302/1863-2548-11-160172
1261:
974:Articular cartilage repair
706:Leg lengthening/shortening
207:10.1016/j.otsr.2019.04.025
132:deformity and vice versa.
757:
626:10.1186/s13018-019-1426-0
542:10.1007/s11832-015-0661-0
246:10.2106/JBJS.RVW.16.00115
188:Journeau, Pierre (2020).
166:Outcome and complications
136:Outcome and complications
35:
1100:Finger joint replacement
891:Distraction osteogenesis
161:Permanent epiphysiodesis
881:Femoral head ostectomy
849:Vertebral augmentation
336:10.1051/sicotj/2018002
155:osteochondrodysplasias
147:osteochondrodysplasias
109:osteochondrodysplasias
1078:Weaver–Dunn procedure
979:Microfracture surgery
748:Procedures involving
593:10.17816/PTORS4464-70
115:multiplex congenita,
1068:Shoulder replacement
1030:Intervertebral discs
788:Orthognathic surgery
121:renal osteodystrophy
1220:Arthroscopic lavage
952:Tension band wiring
1162:Triple arthrodesis
1157:Broström procedure
1095:Brunelli procedure
896:Ilizarov apparatus
844:Vertebral fixation
760:Orthopedic surgery
711:2013-03-26 at the
66:also known as the
56:orthopedic surgery
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1198:Joint replacement
1152:Ankle replacement
960:
959:
947:External fixation
942:Internal fixation
793:Chin augmentation
200:(1S): S171–S180.
46:
45:
1252:
1138:Knee replacement
1063:Shoulder surgery
1006:
773:
742:
735:
728:
719:
698:
697:
687:
655:
649:
648:
638:
628:
604:
598:
597:
595:
571:
565:
564:
554:
544:
518:
509:
508:
468:
459:
458:
421:
412:
411:
401:
391:
367:
358:
357:
347:
315:
309:
308:
272:
266:
265:
229:
220:
219:
209:
185:
151:Blount's disease
143:Blount's disease
105:Blount's disease
39:edit on Wikidata
16:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1224:
1166:
1123:Hip replacement
1118:Hip resurfacing
1106:
1051:
995:
956:
905:
901:Phemister graft
869:
853:
797:
762:
753:
746:
713:Wayback Machine
702:
701:
657:
656:
652:
606:
605:
601:
573:
572:
568:
520:
519:
512:
470:
469:
462:
423:
422:
415:
382:(1): e1900009.
369:
368:
361:
317:
316:
312:
274:
273:
269:
231:
230:
223:
187:
186:
182:
177:
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138:
85:
42:
12:
11:
5:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1247:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1213:Arthrocentesis
1210:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1135:
1130:
1128:Rotationplasty
1125:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1073:Bankart repair
1070:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1014:
1012:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
993:
988:
983:
982:
981:
970:
968:
962:
961:
958:
957:
955:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
932:Epiphysiodesis
929:
924:
919:
913:
911:
907:
906:
904:
903:
898:
893:
888:
886:Astragalectomy
883:
877:
875:
871:
870:
868:
867:
861:
859:
855:
854:
852:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
805:
803:
799:
798:
796:
795:
790:
785:
779:
777:
770:
764:
763:
758:
755:
754:
747:
745:
744:
737:
730:
722:
716:
715:
700:
699:
650:
599:
566:
535:(3): 227–233.
510:
460:
433:(6): 522–529.
413:
359:
310:
267:
221:
179:
178:
176:
173:
167:
164:
162:
159:
137:
134:
119:, trauma, and
113:arthrogryposis
84:
81:
49:Epiphysiodesis
44:
43:
36:
33:
32:
27:
21:
20:
19:Epiphysiodesis
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1257:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1221:
1218:
1214:
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1209:
1206:
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1204:
1201:
1199:
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1179:
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1163:
1160:
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1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
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1119:
1116:
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1086:
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1079:
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1061:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1023:Spinal fusion
1021:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
987:
984:
980:
977:
976:
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969:
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953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
922:Bone grafting
920:
918:
915:
914:
912:
908:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
876:
872:
866:
865:Acromioplasty
863:
862:
860:
856:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
804:
800:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
783:Jaw reduction
781:
780:
778:
774:
771:
769:
765:
761:
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751:
743:
738:
736:
731:
729:
724:
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703:
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603:
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567:
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558:
553:
548:
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538:
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530:
529:
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517:
515:
511:
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498:
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467:
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461:
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448:
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436:
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418:
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409:
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329:
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135:
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127:
122:
118:
114:
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102:
98:
94:
90:
82:
80:
78:
73:
69:
68:physeal plate
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
40:
31:
28:
26:
22:
17:
1202:
1183:Arthroplasty
1147:Ankle fusion
1090:Hand surgery
1045:Arthroplasty
1040:Annuloplasty
931:
839:Foraminotomy
824:Laminoplasty
809:Coccygectomy
670:(1): 79–84.
667:
663:
653:
616:
612:
602:
586:(4): 64–70.
583:
579:
569:
532:
526:
483:(1): 65–72.
480:
476:
430:
426:
379:
375:
327:
323:
313:
280:
276:
270:
237:
234:JBJS Reviews
233:
197:
193:
183:
169:
139:
97:growth plate
86:
64:growth plate
48:
47:
1193:Arthroscopy
1188:Synovectomy
1018:Arthrodesis
834:Facetectomy
819:Laminectomy
283:: S32–S36.
130:genu valgum
93:genu valgum
77:indications
60:bone growth
1208:Arthrogram
1178:Arthrotomy
1035:Discectomy
829:Corpectomy
814:Laminotomy
752:and joints
619:(1): 381.
240:(11): e1.
175:References
126:genu varum
117:idiopathic
89:genu varum
966:Cartilage
937:Reduction
927:Osteotomy
917:Ostectomy
53:pediatric
1239:Category
1203:imaging:
709:Archived
694:28439314
645:31752945
561:26076735
505:73445376
497:30741749
455:48361879
447:29889697
408:32159063
354:29565244
305:43864161
297:28799992
262:30704556
254:29112518
216:31669550
72:implants
25:ICD-9-CM
1171:General
910:General
685:5382342
636:6868743
552:4486501
399:7028784
345:5863686
324:SICOT-J
101:rickets
1001:Joints
692:
682:
643:
633:
559:
549:
503:
495:
453:
445:
406:
396:
352:
342:
330:: 10.
303:
295:
260:
252:
214:
1010:Spine
802:Spine
768:Bones
750:bones
501:S2CID
451:S2CID
301:S2CID
258:S2CID
51:is a
37:[
776:Face
690:PMID
641:PMID
557:PMID
493:PMID
443:PMID
404:PMID
350:PMID
293:PMID
250:PMID
212:PMID
145:and
30:78.2
1111:Leg
1056:Arm
874:Leg
858:Arm
680:PMC
672:doi
631:PMC
621:doi
588:doi
547:PMC
537:doi
485:doi
435:doi
394:PMC
384:doi
340:PMC
332:doi
285:doi
242:doi
202:doi
198:106
1241::
688:.
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668:11
666:.
662:.
639:.
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545:.
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481:29
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449:.
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416:^
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378:.
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362:^
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256:.
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41:]
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