22:
197:. Fighting with bravery and not cowardice was an obligation to God. That God would protect them and grant them victory was assured, but on the condition that they obeyed his laws, including the prohibitions on sexual activity and looting. Piety was their shield and an angel would protect their camp. It was never required of a soldier to act against Christian law (
212:
has been cited as an example of the "sacralization" of warfare under the
Carolingians. Bronisch, in his argument for a Visigothic dating, considers its sacral treatment of warfare highly atypical for the Carolingian period. He argues that, if it is indeed Carolingian, it should be seen as pointing
160:
The sermon is written in a very simple Latin that was still comprehensible to many of the troops and in a highly repetitive style. It begins, "Men, brothers and fathers, you who bear the
Christian name and carry the banner of the cross on your brows, listen and hear." It encourages the men
113:. It contains 526 words and the shorthand copy is a mere 33 lines. It has been expanded and published by Wilhelm Schmitz. The manuscript has been dated as early as the 8th century and as late as the 830s, most commonly to the first quarter of the 9th century.
173:
by stressing the soldiers' common bond in Christ and their obligation to defend his name. It was for the defence of Christ's name and his churches that they went to war, not for worldly glory. The war was thus, in a highly charged phrase, "Christ's battle"
78:, on the other hand, denied that it was a true sermon and, considering that its title is found in the manuscript, regarded it as simply a letter. It may be a sermon that began as a letter of consolation to one being sent to war.
93:
thinks that the copy that survives may derive from notes taken by a cleric while a bishop was delivering the sermon to the army. This could then have circulated as a letter to serve as a model.
806:
745:
816:
205:). Those who died in battle could be assured of paradise because, according to the final line of the sermon, "fight for God and God fights for you."
801:
732:
Militia
Christi e Crociata nei secoli XI–XIII: Atti della undecima Settimana internazionale di studio, Mendola, 28 agosto – 1 settembre 1989
811:
648:
637:
658:
Coupland, Simon (1991). "The Rod of God's Wrath or the People of God's Wrath? The
Carolingian Theology of the Viking Invasions".
74:. Albert Koeniger considered it one of the two earliest such works preserved in his study of the Carolingian military pastorate.
650:
Reconquista y guerra santa: La concepción de la guerra en la España cristiana desde los visigodos hasta comienzos del siglo XIII
162:
124:. In agreeing with Künstle, Alexander Bronisch sees parallels between the text and several Spanish texts, including
796:
500:
Viri, fratres et patres, qui christianum nomen habetis et vexillum crucis in fronte portatis, attendite et audite!
141:
116:
There is less consensus on the date and circumstances of the sermon. Karl Künstle thought it originated in
152:(814–840). McCormick initially accepted Koeniger's dating, but more recently puts the sermon in the 830s.
133:
121:
411:
727:
79:
71:
614:
739:
675:
194:
633:
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Miscellanea
Tironiana: Aus dem Codex vaticanvs latinvs, Reginae Christinae 846 (fol. 99–114)
667:
125:
117:
90:
193:). This applied on the march and in camp. Foraging for food, however, was permitted out of
149:
102:
697:
691:
627:
137:
106:
21:
790:
679:
759:
The Sword of the Lord: Military
Chaplains from the First to the Twenty-first Century
754:
753:
McCormick, Michael (2004). "The
Liturgy of War from Antiquity to the Crusades". In
687:
75:
767:
51:
213:
forward to later developments but not representative of contemporary thinking.
671:
714:
Künstle, Karl (1900). "Zwei
Dokumente zur altchristlichen Militärseelsorge".
82:
suggests that it is part of a guidebook for military chaplains in the field.
779:
The Moral
Treatment of Returning Warriors in Early Medieval and Modern Times
55:
148:
raids in the 9th century. David
Bachrach accepts a dating to the reign of
653:. Translated by Máximo Diago Hernando. Editorial Universidad de Granada.
186:
166:
47:
730:(1992). "Liturgie et guerre des Carolingiens à la première croisade".
170:
145:
43:
181:
The sermon reminded the soldiers not to engage in sexual activity (
707:
Die Militärseelsorge der Karolingerzeit: Ihr Recht und ihre Praxis
40:
20:
39:("Letter of Consolation for Departing Warriors") is an anonymous
416:
Bibliotheca Legum: A Database on Carolingian Secular Law Texts
395:
393:
521:
519:
380:
378:
365:
363:
361:
261:
259:
246:
244:
242:
58:
army preparing for war against a non-Christian opponent.
412:"Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Reg. lat. 846"
288:
286:
169:
before going into battle. The preacher sought to impart
570:
Quidquid agitis pro Deo agite, et Deus pugnat pro vobis
229:
227:
225:
89:
was ever delivered as a sermon to assembled troops.
761:. University of Notre Dame Press. pp. 45–67.
418:(Universität zu Köln). Accessed 4 September 2022.
144:in the 730s. Erdmann places it in the context of
54:period (8th–9th centuries). It is addressed to a
120:in the early 8th century, at the time of the
8:
629:Religion and the Conduct of War, c. 300–1215
619:Early Carolingian Warfare: Prelude to Empire
36:Epistola consolatoria ad pergentes in bellum
807:Military history of the Carolingian Empire
744:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
466:, p. 52n, citing the talk upon which
351:, p. 52n, citing the talk upon which
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459:
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304:
696:. Translated by Marshall W. Baldwin and
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320:
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233:
221:
737:
7:
647:Bronisch, Alexander Pierre (2006) .
101:The manuscript Reg. lat. 846 in the
621:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
136:(812). Koeniger associates it with
85:It is not known for certain if the
817:Manuscripts of the Vatican Library
14:
705:Koeniger, Albert Michael (1918).
693:The Origin of the Idea of Crusade
660:Journal of Ecclesiastical History
781:. University of Scranton Press.
1:
700:. Princeton University Press.
70:is generally classified as a
802:Carolingian Latin literature
777:Verkamp, Bernard J. (2006).
812:Works published anonymously
626:Bachrach, David S. (2003).
132:(675) and the testament of
109:the only known copy of the
833:
734:. Milan. pp. 209–240.
766:Schmitz, Wilhelm (1896).
672:10.1017/s0022046900000506
564:, p. 155. Latin in
199:contra legem Christianam
97:Historical circumstances
552:, p. 156 and 349n.
494:, p. 53. Latin in
584:, p. 261, citing
458:, p. 261, citing
323:, p. 16n, citing
183:concupiscentia karnale
134:Alfonso II of Asturias
30:
430:, p. 28, citing
201:) or the law of God (
142:Arab invasion of Gaul
29:in Tironian shorthand
24:
615:Bachrach, Bernard S.
140:'s wars against the
600:, pp. 262–263.
446:, pp. 259–263.
165:to a priest and do
728:McCormick, Michael
195:military necessity
163:confess their sins
107:Tironian shorthand
31:
797:Christian sermons
632:. Boydell Press.
513:, pp. 52–53.
402:, pp. 26–28.
80:Michael McCormick
824:
782:
773:
772:. B. G. Teubner.
762:
749:
743:
735:
723:
710:
709:. J. J. Lentner.
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176:praelium Christi
161:individually to
126:Julian of Toledo
118:Visigothic Spain
91:Bernard Bachrach
832:
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280:, p. 348n.
276:
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253:, p. 117n.
249:
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223:
219:
158:
150:Louis the Pious
103:Vatican Library
99:
72:military sermon
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48:epistolary form
17:
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666:(4): 535–554.
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623:
610:
608:
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603:
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590:
586:McCormick 1992
574:
554:
542:
540:, p. 262.
530:
528:, p. 155.
515:
503:
484:
482:, p. 154.
472:
468:McCormick 2004
460:McCormick 1992
448:
436:
420:
404:
389:
387:, p. 156.
374:
357:
353:McCormick 2004
341:
339:, p. 52n.
329:
313:
311:, p. 257.
305:McCormick 1992
297:
282:
270:
268:, p. 550.
255:
238:
220:
218:
215:
157:
154:
138:Charles Martel
130:Story of Wamba
98:
95:
63:
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13:
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2:
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688:Erdmann, Carl
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639:9780851159447
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598:Bronisch 2006
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566:Bronisch 2006
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562:Bachrach 2001
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550:Bachrach 2001
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538:Bronisch 2006
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526:Bachrach 2001
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511:Bachrach 2003
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386:
385:Bachrach 2001
381:
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372:, p. 54.
371:
370:Bachrach 2003
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:Bachrach 2003
345:
342:
338:
337:Bachrach 2003
333:
330:
326:
325:Koeniger 1918
322:
317:
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309:Bronisch 2006
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295:, p. 52.
294:
293:Bachrach 2003
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287:
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279:
278:Bachrach 2001
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266:Coupland 1991
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731:
722:(2): 97–122.
719:
716:Der Katholik
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607:Bibliography
593:
577:
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533:
506:
499:
487:
475:
451:
439:
432:Künstle 1900
428:Erdmann 1977
423:
415:
407:
400:Schmitz 1896
344:
332:
321:Erdmann 1977
316:
300:
273:
251:Verkamp 2006
234:Erdmann 1977
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207:
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129:
115:
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100:
86:
84:
76:Carl Erdmann
67:
65:
35:
34:
32:
26:
18:
16:Latin sermon
307:, cited in
52:Carolingian
791:Categories
740:cite book
690:(1977) .
680:162612436
470:is based.
355:is based.
56:Christian
50:from the
617:(2001).
210:Epistola
111:Epistola
87:Epistola
68:Epistola
27:Epistola
757:(ed.).
203:lex Dei
191:rapinas
187:looting
167:penance
156:Content
678:
636:
462:, and
171:morale
146:Viking
44:sermon
676:S2CID
217:Notes
185:) or
62:Genre
41:Latin
746:link
634:ISBN
208:The
66:The
33:The
25:The
668:doi
178:).
128:'s
46:in
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738:{{
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