1074:
35:
1136:
Jeremiah: one exception is the Roman
Catholic commentator F. H. Reusch. The chief arguments put forward are literary quality, as well as the religious depth and sensitivity. J. T. Marshall adds that the use of "seven generations" (v. 3) rather than "seventy years" (Jer 29:10) for the duration of the exile "points away from Jeremiah towards one who deplored the long exile". The author may have been a
1478:
denunciation of the idols. As
Gifford explains, in this folly of idolatry "there is no clear logical arrangement of the thought, but the divisions are marked by the recurrence of a refrain, which is apparently intended to give a sort of rhythmical air to the whole composition." The conclusion reiterates the warning to avoid idolatry.
1426:
was written in Greek. This does not preclude the possibility of the text being based on a prior Hebrew or
Aramaic text. However, the only text available to us has dozens of linguistic features available in Greek, but not in Hebrew; this shows that the Greek text is more than a minimalist translation.
1253:
As mentioned above, the use of "seven generations" rather than "seventy years" points to a later period. Ball calculates the date to be c. 317–307 BC. Tededche notes: "It is well known that many Jews were attracted to alien cults throughout the Greek period, 300 BC onward, so that the warning in the
1242:
Now in
Babylon you will see carried on men's shoulder's gods made of silver, gold, and wood, which fill the heathen with awe. Be careful, then, never to imitate these Gentiles; do not be overawed by their gods when you see them in the midst of a procession of worshippers. But say in your hearts, "To
1477:
that they were to remain in captivity for seven generations, and that during that time they would see the worship paid to idols. Readers were exhorted not to participate, because the idols were created by men, without the powers of speech, hearing, or self-preservation. Then follows a satirical
1135:
puts it, "The fact that
Jeremiah had written one such letter to the captives seems to have suggested the idea of dignifying by his name another letter not written in reality till many ages after his death." Against the traditional view, most contemporary scholars agree that the author was not
1183:
was not persuaded: "If the examination by a scholar of Ball's thoroughness and wide learning can produce nothing better than this, it can be said with little hesitation that the language was probably not Hebrew." Torrey's own conclusion was that the work was originally composed in
1124:
Now these are the words of the letter that
Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem unto the residue of the elders which were carried away captives ... and to all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to Babylon.
1204:
The date of this work is uncertain. Most scholars agree that it is dependent on certain biblical passages, notably Isa 44:9–20, 46:5–7, and thus can be no earlier than 540 BC. Since a fragment (7Q2) was identified among the scrolls in
1473:. As Gifford puts it, "the writer is evidently making an earnest appeal to persons actually living in the midst of heathenism, and needing to be warned and encouraged against temptations to apostasy." The author warned the
1443:
suggests "one might perhaps characterize it as an impassioned sermon which is based on a verse from the canonical Book of
Jeremiah." That verse is Jer 10:11, the only verse in the entire book written in
1167:
put it, "If any one of the
Apocryphal books was composed in Greek, this certainly was." The strongest dissenter from this majority view was C. J. Ball, who marshalled the most compelling argument for a
1246:
The records show that it was the prophet
Jeremiah who ordered the exiles ... not to neglect the ordinances of the Lord, or be led astray by the sight of images of gold and silver with all their finery.
1636:
Metzger 1957, 96; Moore 1977, 327–27; Nickelsburg 1984, 148; Schürer 1987, 744 (opinion of revisers, Schürer himself thought it was "certainly of Greek origin" ); Moore 1992, 704; Kaiser 2004, 62.
3022:
2042:
The Holy Bible according to the authorized version (A.D. 1611).: With an explanatory and critical commentary and a revision of the translation by clergy of the
Anglican church. Apocrypha
1909:
Gifford 1888, 290. Oesterley 1914, 507, says much the same thing: "That the writer is seeking to check a real danger ... seems certain from the obvious earnestness with which he writes."
1323:
mentions the same: he includes the deuterocanonical Epistle of Jeremiah and Baruch as a part of the Old Testament Canon, both combined with Jeremiah and Lamentations in only one book.
1697:
1121:
A copy of an epistle, which Jeremy sent unto them which were to be led captives into Babylon by the king of the Babylonians, to certify them, as it was commanded by God.
2707:
3639:
3521:
1546:(Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1853). For a critique of Reusch's position as well as an English translation of portions of his work, see Gifford 1888, 288.
1519:
2424:
2073:
Encyclopædia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political and Religious History, the Archæology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible
3598:
3506:
3501:
3516:
2252:
2214:
2166:
2113:
1267:
1627:
Torrey 1945, 66–67. Pfeiffer 1949, 430, supports Torrey's Aramaic proposal, though noting that "its Hellenistic Greek style is fairly good."
3207:
34:
3313:
2490:
1004:
3634:
3308:
3169:
3276:
2092:
1968:
1714:
2 vols. (London: SPCK, 1927), 2:216, write: "the text of the list which lay before Eusebius was corrupt or was carelessly copied."
3394:
3271:
3122:
2700:
1950:
1669:
Moore 1992, 705; Nickelsburg, 1984, 148; SchĂĽrer 1987, 744. Pfeiffer 1949, 429, rejects the reference and cites other rejectors.
961:
1452:
Tell them this: "These gods, who did not make the heavens and the earth, will perish from the earth and from under the heavens."
3718:
3654:
2603:
2417:
1735:
1295:
proper, among "the canonical books as the Hebrews have handed them down," though scholars agree that this was surely a slip.
3687:
1356:
Bible. Since no Hebrew text was available, Jerome refused to consider the Epistle of Jeremiah, as the other books he called
3713:
3708:
3608:
1188:. In recent years the tide of opinion has shifted and now the consensus is that the "letter" was originally composed in
3603:
1725:
3117:
2693:
951:
1147:, but it is difficult to say with certainty. The earliest manuscripts containing the Epistle of Jeremiah are all in
3743:
3728:
3291:
2158:
Jewish Writings of the Second Temple Period: Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, Qumran, Sectarian Writings, Philo, Josephus
1891:
Metzger 1957, 96. Also endorsing its sermonic character are Ball 1913, 596; Tededche 1962, 822; Vriezen 2005, 543.
3733:
3323:
3302:
3296:
2410:
1342:(4th century) wrote that Jeremiah, and Baruch, the Lamentations, and the Epistle are canonical in only one book.
1283:
1164:
1104:
2244:
Ancient Israelite and Early Jewish Literature: Tenth, Completely Revised Edition of De Literatuur Van Oud-Israël
2123:
James Hastings; John Alexander Selbie; Andrew Bruce Davidson; Samuel Rolles Driver; Henry Barclay Swete (1899).
1813:
1073:
3318:
3286:
3281:
3017:
2126:
A dictionary of the Bible: dealing with its language, literature, and contents, including the Biblical theology
1504:
1320:
3738:
3644:
3624:
3496:
3353:
3214:
2954:
2389:
1058:
997:
1465:
The work was written with a serious practical purpose: to instruct the Jews not to worship the gods of the
1329:
states in his list of canonical books "of Jeremiah one, including Baruch and Lamentations and the Epistle"
3480:
3363:
3348:
3338:
2930:
2329:
2030:
1399:
816:
1655:
1273:
The earliest evidence of the question of its canonicity arising in Christian tradition is in the work of
3429:
3368:
3358:
3266:
2500:
2230:
2045:
1298:
1180:
734:
250:
1159:. Gifford reports that in his time "the great majority of competent and impartial critics" considered
3629:
3549:
3261:
3174:
3084:
2850:
2737:
2495:
2455:
2338:
2024:
1474:
1314:
1288:
1278:
1274:
918:
715:
430:
1918:
Gifford 1888, 287. The refrain occurs first at v. 16 and then is repeated at vv. 23, 29, 65, and 69.
3571:
3536:
3333:
3012:
2795:
2765:
2608:
2534:
2505:
2148:
872:
612:
563:
493:
115:
3141:
2598:
1509:
3463:
3378:
3184:
3179:
3064:
3027:
2937:
2664:
2613:
2510:
2460:
2450:
2394:
2351:
2299:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1357:
1326:
1062:
990:
898:
2304:
2265:
A Dictionary of the Bible: Comprising Its Antiquities, Biography, Geography, and Natural History
483:
2279:
1936:
Baars, W. (1961). "Two Palestinian Syriac Texts Identified as Parts of the Epistle of Jeremy,"
3723:
3664:
3473:
3468:
3409:
3241:
3151:
3094:
2915:
2905:
2755:
2669:
2573:
2263:
2248:
2210:
2195:
2177:
2162:
2124:
2109:
2088:
2082:
1989:
1964:
1958:
1938:
1731:
1339:
1176:
1042:
927:
793:
783:
553:
310:
300:
95:
1099:
itself contains the words of a letter sent by Jeremiah "from Jerusalem" to the "captives" in
3649:
3544:
3526:
3458:
3446:
3404:
3343:
3328:
3219:
3107:
2900:
2845:
2825:
2805:
2578:
2470:
2465:
2433:
2314:
2133:
1866:
1440:
1407:
1403:
1310:
1292:
1210:
1096:
1089:
1026:
941:
778:
710:
661:
622:
578:
369:
295:
226:
1457:
3441:
3419:
3373:
2920:
2880:
2855:
2785:
2760:
2745:
2371:
2346:
1415:
1046:
798:
758:
720:
686:
602:
558:
543:
315:
275:
236:
181:
105:
75:
1081:
3677:
3659:
3593:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3202:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2978:
2973:
2949:
2910:
2860:
2840:
2810:
2790:
2775:
2770:
2750:
2716:
2634:
2629:
2568:
2381:
2357:
1364:
1306:
1050:
863:
858:
853:
838:
833:
788:
725:
705:
627:
607:
592:
587:
548:
473:
450:
305:
216:
191:
171:
161:
85:
3702:
3424:
3233:
3102:
2968:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2865:
2835:
2733:
2639:
2290:
1977:
1514:
1419:
1368:
1132:
1030:
936:
828:
773:
768:
763:
743:
696:
671:
517:
410:
393:
290:
285:
280:
260:
3682:
3582:
3511:
3413:
2875:
2870:
2830:
2800:
2780:
2728:
2674:
2056:
1380:
1349:
980:
753:
748:
666:
642:
617:
597:
440:
420:
270:
265:
42:
2284:
2242:
2156:
2103:
2071:
2037:, 197–209. The Cambridge Bible Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1305:
writes that Jews had in their books the deuterocanonical Epistle of Jeremiah and
17:
3565:
3161:
3079:
3074:
2988:
2983:
2815:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2207:
History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 3 (ii) and Index
1214:
1137:
1107:). The Letter of Jeremiah portrays itself as a similar piece of correspondence.
913:
908:
848:
843:
651:
379:
1764:
3554:
2521:
1789:
1332:
1263:
1144:
534:
205:
150:
133:
2309:
3069:
2593:
1984:, 2 vols., 2:766-70. Stuttgart: Privilegierte WĂĽrttembergische Bibelanstalt.
1829:
1741:
1466:
1411:
1363:
Despite Jerome's reservations, the epistle was included as chapter 6 of the
903:
2295:
2280:
Wycliffe's Translation known as the Preier of Jeremye (Prayer of Jeremiah)
2084:
Kurzgefasstes exegetisches Handbuch zu den Apokryphen des Alten Testamentes
2009:, 494–504. Göttinger Septuaginta XV. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
1037:
and addressed to the Jews who were about to be carried away as captives to
1710:
Marshall 1909, 579; SchĂĽrer 1987, 744. H. J. Lawlor and J. E. L. Oulton,
3576:
3146:
3133:
3112:
3059:
3054:
2588:
2583:
2549:
2544:
2539:
1508:
1436:
1388:
1092:
1034:
956:
946:
893:
888:
1609:
Ball 1913, 597–98, and throughout the commentary; cf. Gifford 1888, 289.
1523:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 325.
3588:
3453:
2560:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2320:
1445:
1353:
1193:
1185:
1100:
1038:
333:
1335:
quotes the letter authoritatively in the eighth chapter of Scorpiace.
3559:
3436:
2820:
2685:
1815:
intertextual.bible/text/letter-of-jeremiah-1.3-tertullian-scorpiace-8
1470:
1423:
1345:
1206:
1189:
1169:
1156:
656:
359:
2188:
History of New Testament Times with an Introduction to the Apocrypha
2402:
3399:
2720:
2442:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1072:
58:
1209:
Cave 7, it can be no later than 100 BC. Further support for this
1173:
2689:
2406:
2179:
The books of the Apocrypha: their origin, teaching and contents
1657:
intertextual.bible/text/letter-of-jeremiah-1.4-2-maccabees-2.2
1140:
1061:
bibles as a separate book, as well as in the Apocrypha of the
1254:
letter might have been uttered any time during this period."
2081:
Otto Fridolin Fritzsche; Carl Ludwig Wilibald Grimm (1851).
1262:
Although the "letter" is included as a discrete unit in the
1387:
canon, it forms part of the "Rest of Jeremiah", along with
2197:
A history of the Jewish people in the time of Jesus Christ
1564:
Marshall 1909, 579; cf. Gifford 1888, 302; Ball 1913, 596.
2241:
Theodoor Christiaan Vriezen; A. S. Van Der Woude (2005).
1645:
Moore 1992, 705; SchĂĽrer 1987, 744; Pfeiffer 1949, 429.
1600:
Fritzsche 1851, 206 as translated by Gifford 1888, 288.
1375:
follows the same practice, while placing Baruch in the
1088:
According to the text of the letter, the author is the
27:
Deuterocanonical book of the Old Testament of the Bible
1991:
The Old Testament in Greek According to the Septuagint
1348:
provided the majority of the translation work for the
1213:
may be found in a possible reference to the letter in
1163:
to be the original language. As one of these critics
2143:
Moore, Carey A. (1992). "Jeremiah, Additions To," in
2021:
The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament
3617:
3535:
3489:
3387:
3232:
3195:
3160:
3131:
3093:
3038:
2945:
2929:
2727:
2622:
2558:
2519:
2440:
2070:Thomas Kelly Cheyne; John Sutherland Black (1901).
2040:Gifford, E. H. (1888). "The Epistle of Jeremy," in
1900:
Torrey 1945, 64; Metzger 1957, 96; Moore 1992, 704,
492:
482:
472:
449:
439:
429:
419:
409:
378:
368:
358:
235:
225:
215:
190:
180:
170:
160:
114:
104:
94:
84:
74:
2317:from the New English Translation of the Septuagint
2002:, 1262–65. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.
1291:and the Letter of Jeremiah as one unit with the
2315:Introduction and Text of the Letter of Ieremias
2235:The Apocryphal Literature: A Brief Introduction
2223:Tededche, S. (1962). "Jeremiah, Letter Of," in
1730:(2. impression. ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
1450:
2027:, 2 vols., 1:596–611. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1266:, there is no evidence of it ever having been
2701:
2418:
1727:The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis 8:6:1-3
998:
8:
2105:The Old Testament Apocrypha: An Introduction
2019:Ball, C. J. (1913). "Epistle of Jeremy," in
1422:.) The portion of the epistle discovered at
1155:fragment (1st century BC) was discovered in
2140:, 95–98. New York: Oxford University Press.
2053:Daniel, Esther, and Jeremiah: The Additions
2007:Ieremias, Baruch, Threni, Epistula Ieremiae
1867:'To the Reader of the Epistle of Ieremeias'
2942:
2708:
2694:
2686:
2425:
2411:
2403:
2325:
2237:, 64–67. New Haven: Yale University Press.
2151:, 6 vols., 3:698–706. New York: Doubleday.
1005:
991:
822:
692:
527:
346:
146:
52:
29:
2227:, 4 vols., 2:822-23. Nashville: Abingdon.
2225:The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible
2190:, 426–32. New York: Harper and Brothers.
1960:Libri Apocryphi Veteris Testamenti Graece
1871:New English Translation of the Septuagint
1618:Torrey 1945, 65; cf. Oesterley 1914, 508.
2305:Jewish Encyclopedia: Epistle of Jeremiah
1555:Moore 1992, 704; cf. Marshall 1909, 578.
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1219:
1109:
1678:Ball 1913, 596; cf. Moore 1977, 334–35.
1591:Gifford 1888, 288; cf. Torrey 1945, 65.
1487:
926:
880:
733:
695:
516:
463:
392:
349:
249:
204:
149:
41:
2000:Biblia sacra: iuxta Vulgatam versionem
1724:Williams, translated by Frank (1987).
1573:Westcott 1893, 361; Gifford 1888, 290.
469:
406:
355:
212:
157:
71:
2176:William Oscar Emil Oesterley (1914).
1882:Moore 1992, 703; cf. Dancy 1972, 199.
1712:Eusebius: The Ecclesiastical History,
1352:translation of the Bible, called the
7:
2321:2012 Translation & Audio Version
3640:Other books referenced in the Bible
3599:New Testament manuscript categories
2491:Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
1243:thee alone, Lord, is worship due."
1078:Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Prophecies
1049:bibles as the final chapter of the
3170:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
2035:The Shorter Books of the Apocrypha
1945:Baillet, M., et al., eds. (1962).
25:
2310:The Catholic Encyclopedia: Baruch
2200:. T. & T. Clark. p. 195.
2129:. T. & T. Clark. p. 578.
1791:Catechetical Lecture 4 Chapter 35
1223:Letter of Jeremiah vv. 4–6 (NEB)
2138:An Introduction to the Apocrypha
1994:. University Press. p. 379.
1957:Otto Fridolin Fritzsche (1871).
1951:Discoveries in the Judean Desert
33:
3655:Biblical and Quranic narratives
2604:Additions to the Book of Esther
2059:44. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
2048:, 287–303. London: John Murray.
1963:. F.A. Brockhaus. p. 102.
1947:Les "Petites Grottes" de Qumran
1033:; this letter is attributed to
2005:Ziegler, Joseph, ed. (1957).
1:
2675:Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
2291:Letter of Jeremiah in the KJV
2285:Text of the Epistle of Jeremy
1953:III. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1230:
2298:(Letter of Jeremiah) in the
2186:Pfeiffer, Robert H. (1949).
2014:Translations with commentary
1988:Henry Barclay Swete (1899).
1439:against idols and idolatry.
1270:in the Masoretic tradition.
2205:Emil SchĂĽrer (2000-11-14).
1998:Weber, Robert, ed. (1994).
1763:of Alexandria, Athanasius.
1398:The epistle is one of four
1245:
1241:
1123:
1120:
3760:
3635:English Bible translations
3023:Song of the Three Children
2102:Otto Kaiser (2004-06-01).
1831:Synod of Laodicea Canon 60
1544:Erklärung des Buchs Baruch
1510:"Jeremy, Epistle of"
1240:
1119:
1113:Letter of Jeremiah 1 (KJV)
1057:). It is also included in
3673:
2386:
2378:
2368:
2343:
2335:
2328:
2268:. J. Murray. p. 361.
2155:Michael E. Stone (1984).
2087:. Weidmann. p. 205.
1854:Comm. on Jeremiah, praef.
1435:The letter is actually a
1393:Paraleipomena of Jeremiah
2262:John Mee Fuller (1893).
2051:Moore, Carey A. (1977).
1699:Church History, vi.25.2"
1410:). (The other three are
1321:Athanasius of Alexandria
3497:Intertestamental period
2145:Anchor Bible Dictionary
2108:. Alban Books Limited.
1520:Encyclopædia Britannica
3719:Deuterocanonical books
3481:Apocalyptic literature
3118:Paralipomena of Baruch
2182:. Revell. p. 506.
1469:, but to worship only
1463:
1400:deuterocanonical books
1350:vulgar (popular) Latin
1085:
952:Paralipomena of Baruch
3645:Additional Scriptures
3609:New Testament uncials
2501:Apocalypse of Abraham
2194:Emil SchĂĽrer (1896).
1788:of Jerusalem, Cyril.
1505:Charles, Robert Henry
1309:, both combined with
1299:Epiphanius of Salamis
1076:
3714:3rd-century BC books
3709:4th-century BC books
3630:Bible version debate
3604:New Testament papyri
3550:Samaritan Pentateuch
3175:Testament of Abraham
3113:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
2496:Testament of Abraham
2456:Life of Adam and Eve
1828:of Laodicea, Synod.
1371:of the Vulgate. The
1275:Origen of Alexandria
1116:Jeremiah 29:1 (KJV)
1045:. It is included in
1021:, also known as the
947:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
3572:Muratorian fragment
3507:New Testament canon
3502:Old Testament canon
3395:Chapters and verses
3013:Additions to Daniel
2979:Additions to Esther
2609:Additions to Daniel
2535:Ascension of Isaiah
2506:Assumption of Moses
2149:David Noel Freedman
1865:Benjamin G Wright,
1744:on 6 September 2015
1687:Tededche 1962, 823.
1391:(also known as the
1172:original. However,
1023:Epistle of Jeremiah
873:Additions to Daniel
839:Additions to Esther
3185:Testament of Jacob
3180:Testament of Isaac
3065:Prayer of Manasseh
3028:Bel and the Dragon
3008:Letter of Jeremiah
2665:Letter of Aristeas
2614:Prayer of Manasseh
2530:Letter of Jeremiah
2511:Joseph and Aseneth
2461:Testament of Qahat
2451:Genesis Apocryphon
2395:Books of the Bible
2363:Letter of Jeremiah
2352:Books of the Bible
2300:New American Bible
2161:. Fortress Press.
1582:Baillet 1962, 143.
1385:Ethiopian Orthodox
1373:King James Version
1327:Cyril of Jerusalem
1317:in only one book.
1086:
1063:Authorized Version
1019:Letter of Jeremiah
899:Prayer of Manasseh
868:Letter of Jeremiah
3744:Nebuchadnezzar II
3729:Letters (message)
3696:
3695:
3665:Textual criticism
3228:
3227:
3152:Psalms of Solomon
3095:Orthodox Tewahedo
2683:
2682:
2670:Sibylline Oracles
2574:Psalms of Solomon
2441:Apocrypha in the
2401:
2400:
2392:
2369:Succeeded by
2365:
2349:
2254:978-90-04-12427-1
2216:978-0-567-09373-8
2209:. T&T Clark.
2168:978-0-8006-0603-9
2134:Metzger, Bruce M.
2115:978-1-56563-693-4
1939:Vetus Testamentum
1533:Gifford 1888, 287
1340:Synod of Laodicea
1277:, as reported by
1251:
1250:
1234: 150–120 BC
1226:2 Maccabees 2:1–3
1129:
1128:
1015:
1014:
975:
974:
969:
968:
928:Orthodox Tewahedo
854:Wisdom of Solomon
806:
805:
512:
511:
506:
505:
502:
501:
459:
458:
388:
387:
324:
323:
245:
244:
200:
199:
124:
123:
18:Epistle of Jeremy
16:(Redirected from
3751:
3734:Jewish apocrypha
3545:Dead Sea Scrolls
3527:Dating the Bible
3405:Historical books
3042:Eastern Orthodox
2955:Eastern Orthodox
2943:
2936:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2687:
2579:Testament of Job
2471:Book of Jubilees
2466:Visions of Amram
2434:Jewish apocrypha
2427:
2420:
2413:
2404:
2390:Eastern Orthodox
2388:
2379:Preceded by
2355:
2345:
2336:Preceded by
2326:
2269:
2258:
2220:
2201:
2183:
2172:
2130:
2119:
2098:
2077:
1995:
1974:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1863:
1857:
1856:Migne PL 24:706.
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1740:. Archived from
1721:
1715:
1708:
1702:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1512:
1501:
1461:
1441:Bruce M. Metzger
1408:Tanakh at Qumran
1404:Dead Sea scrolls
1402:found among the
1379:section as does
1293:Book of Jeremiah
1287:. Origen listed
1237:
1235:
1232:
1220:
1211:terminus ad quem
1110:
1105:Jeremiah 29:1–23
1097:Book of Jeremiah
1090:biblical prophet
1027:deuterocanonical
1007:
1000:
993:
823:
819:
817:Deuterocanonical
693:
689:
645:
581:
537:
528:
522:
470:
407:
400:
356:
347:
342:
338:
213:
158:
147:
142:
138:
72:
67:
63:
53:
47:
37:
30:
21:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3669:
3613:
3531:
3522:Christian canon
3485:
3420:Prophetic books
3383:
3314:2 Thessalonians
3309:1 Thessalonians
3224:
3191:
3156:
3127:
3089:
3048:
3034:
2962:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2736:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2684:
2679:
2623:Other apocrypha
2618:
2554:
2515:
2436:
2431:
2393:
2384:
2374:
2354:
2350:
2341:
2276:
2261:
2255:
2240:
2217:
2204:
2193:
2175:
2169:
2154:
2122:
2116:
2101:
2095:
2080:
2069:
2066:
2016:
1987:
1971:
1956:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1795:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1542:Reusch, F. H.,
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1503:
1502:
1489:
1484:
1462:
1456:
1433:
1260:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1202:
1165:O. F. Fritzsche
1151:. The earliest
1095:. The biblical
1071:
1047:Catholic Church
1011:
971:
970:
820:
815:
808:
807:
690:
685:
678:
677:
676:
646:
641:
634:
633:
632:
582:
577:
570:
569:
568:
538:
533:
520:
508:
507:
398:
344:
340:
334:
326:
325:
320:
144:
140:
134:
126:
125:
69:
65:
59:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3757:
3755:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3739:Major prophets
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3701:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3660:Synod of Hippo
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3594:Masoretic Text
3591:
3586:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3430:Minor prophets
3427:
3425:Major prophets
3417:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3203:Pseudepigrapha
3199:
3197:
3196:Classification
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3166:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3142:Psalms 152–155
3138:
3136:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3010:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2796:1–2 Chronicles
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2725:
2724:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2635:Book of Judith
2632:
2630:Book of Sirach
2626:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2599:Psalms 152–155
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Book of Wisdom
2565:
2563:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2275:
2274:External links
2272:
2271:
2270:
2259:
2253:
2238:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2202:
2191:
2184:
2173:
2167:
2152:
2141:
2131:
2120:
2114:
2099:
2093:
2078:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2049:
2038:
2028:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1985:
1980:, ed. (1935).
1978:Rahlfs, Alfred
1975:
1969:
1954:
1943:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1858:
1845:
1820:
1805:
1780:
1755:
1736:
1716:
1703:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1535:
1526:
1515:Chisholm, Hugh
1486:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1458:Jeremiah 10:11
1454:
1432:
1429:
1381:Luther's Bible
1365:Book of Baruch
1284:Church History
1259:
1256:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1224:
1201:
1198:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1070:
1067:
1051:Book of Baruch
1043:Nebuchadnezzar
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1002:
995:
987:
984:
983:
977:
976:
973:
972:
967:
966:
965:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
931:
930:
924:
923:
922:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
883:
882:
878:
877:
876:
875:
870:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
821:
814:
813:
810:
809:
804:
803:
802:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
738:
737:
735:Minor prophets
731:
730:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
700:
699:
697:Major prophets
691:
684:
683:
680:
679:
675:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
648:
647:
640:
639:
636:
635:
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
613:1–2 Chronicles
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
584:
583:
576:
575:
572:
571:
567:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
540:
539:
532:
531:
524:
523:
521:(Christianity)
514:
513:
510:
509:
504:
503:
500:
499:
498:Divre Hayyamim
496:
490:
489:
486:
480:
479:
476:
466:
465:
461:
460:
457:
456:
453:
447:
446:
443:
437:
436:
433:
427:
426:
423:
417:
416:
413:
403:
402:
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
376:
375:
372:
366:
365:
362:
352:
351:
345:
332:
331:
328:
327:
322:
321:
319:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
257:
254:
253:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
233:
232:
229:
223:
222:
219:
209:
208:
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
188:
187:
184:
178:
177:
174:
168:
167:
164:
154:
153:
145:
132:
131:
128:
127:
122:
121:
118:
112:
111:
108:
102:
101:
98:
92:
91:
88:
82:
81:
78:
70:
57:
56:
49:
48:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3756:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3277:2 Corinthians
3275:
3273:
3272:1 Corinthians
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3234:New Testament
3231:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3215:New Testament
3213:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3123:Broader canon
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2836:Song of Songs
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2734:Old Testament
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:Book of Tobit
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
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3512:Antilegomena
3414:Poetic Books
3410:Wisdom books
3388:Subdivisions
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3007:
3006: /
2931:Deuterocanon
2851:Lamentations
2831:Ecclesiastes
2738:(protocanon)
2729:Hebrew Bible
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2387:
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2339:Lamentations
2330:Deuterocanon
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2076:. Macmillan.
2072:
2057:Anchor Bible
2052:
2041:
2034:
2031:Dancy, J. C.
2020:
2006:
1999:
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1981:
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1765:
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1742:the original
1726:
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1181:C. C. Torrey
1130:
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1022:
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981:Bible portal
867:
866: /
716:Lamentations
667:Ecclesiastes
441:Ecclesiastes
431:Lamentations
395:
335:
135:
60:
43:Hebrew Bible
3688:WikiProject
3566:Diatessaron
3537:Manuscripts
3490:Development
3292:Philippians
3162:Beta Israel
3080:4 Maccabees
3075:3 Maccabees
2989:2 Maccabees
2984:1 Maccabees
2766:Deuteronomy
2660:4 Maccabees
2655:3 Maccabees
2650:2 Maccabees
2645:1 Maccabees
2347:R. Catholic
1982:Septuaginta
1834:. newadvent
1794:. newadvent
1769:. newadvent
1467:Babylonians
1215:2 Maccabees
1138:Hellenistic
914:4 Maccabees
909:3 Maccabees
849:2 Maccabees
844:1 Maccabees
564:Deuteronomy
116:Deuteronomy
3703:Categories
3625:Authorship
3555:Septuagint
3400:Pentateuch
3379:Revelation
3303:Laodiceans
3297:Colossians
2786:1–2 Samuel
2046:C. F. Cook
1926:References
1838:12 October
1798:12 October
1773:11 October
1748:11 October
1737:9004079262
1358:apocryphal
1333:Tertullian
1264:Septuagint
1258:Canonicity
1145:Alexandria
603:1–2 Samuel
579:Historical
535:Pentateuch
494:Chronicles
464:Historical
341:(Writings)
141:(Prophets)
3464:Johannine
3324:2 Timothy
3319:1 Timothy
3287:Ephesians
3282:Galatians
3070:Psalm 151
2938:apocrypha
2916:Zechariah
2906:Zephaniah
2791:1–2 Kings
2756:Leviticus
2594:Psalm 151
2287:from CCEL
2247:. BRILL.
1942:11:77–81.
1766:Letter 39
1696:Eusebius,
1412:Psalm 151
1383:. In the
1377:Apocrypha
1268:canonical
904:Psalm 151
794:Zechariah
784:Zephaniah
687:Prophetic
608:1–2 Kings
554:Leviticus
399:(Scrolls)
311:Zechariah
301:Zephaniah
241:Yekhezqel
231:Yirmeyahu
221:Yeshayahu
96:Leviticus
46:(Judaism)
3724:Jeremiah
3678:Category
3577:Peshitta
3474:Catholic
3469:Pastoral
3454:Epistles
3447:Synoptic
3334:Philemon
3147:2 Baruch
3134:Peshitta
3108:Jubilees
3060:2 Esdras
3055:1 Esdras
2950:Catholic
2901:Habakkuk
2846:Jeremiah
2826:Proverbs
2806:Nehemiah
2589:2 Esdras
2584:1 Esdras
2550:3 Baruch
2545:2 Baruch
2540:1 Baruch
2296:Baruch 6
2233:(1945).
2136:(1957).
2033:(1972).
1852:Jerome,
1507:(1911).
1471:the Lord
1455:—
1437:harangue
1431:Contents
1389:4 Baruch
1311:Jeremiah
1303:Panarion
1279:Eusebius
1179:scholar
1093:Jeremiah
1059:Orthodox
1055:Baruch 6
1035:Jeremiah
957:Josippon
942:Jubilees
894:2 Esdras
889:1 Esdras
779:Habakkuk
711:Jeremiah
662:Proverbs
623:Nehemiah
478:Daniyyel
396:Megillot
370:Proverbs
364:Tehillim
296:Habakkuk
227:Jeremiah
196:Melakhim
176:Shofetim
166:Yehoshua
110:Bemidbar
80:Bereshit
3650:Studies
3618:Related
3589:Vulgate
3459:Pauline
3437:Gospels
3354:2 Peter
3349:1 Peter
3339:Hebrews
3242:Matthew
3132:Syriac
3018:Susanna
2921:Malachi
2881:Obadiah
2856:Ezekiel
2761:Numbers
2746:Genesis
2719:of the
2561:Ketuvim
2522:Nevi'im
2486:3 Enoch
2481:2 Enoch
2476:1 Enoch
2372:Ezekiel
1949:, 143.
1517:(ed.).
1446:Aramaic
1367:in the
1354:Vulgate
1301:in his
1281:in his
1217:2:1–3.
1194:Aramaic
1186:Aramaic
1177:Semitic
1101:Babylon
1039:Babylon
1025:, is a
799:Malachi
759:Obadiah
721:Ezekiel
559:Numbers
544:Genesis
445:Qohelet
374:Mishlei
336:Ketuvim
316:Malachi
276:Obadiah
237:Ezekiel
186:Shemuel
136:Nevi'im
120:Devarim
106:Numbers
100:Wayiqra
76:Genesis
3683:Portal
3560:Targum
3369:3 John
3364:2 John
3359:1 John
3267:Romans
3220:Jewish
3045:Others
3004:Baruch
2999:Sirach
2994:Wisdom
2974:Judith
2959:Others
2911:Haggai
2861:Daniel
2841:Isaiah
2821:Psalms
2811:Esther
2776:Judges
2771:Joshua
2751:Exodus
2382:Baruch
2358:Baruch
2251:
2213:
2165:
2147:, ed.
2112:
2091:
2055:. The
2044:, ed.
2023:, ed.
1967:
1734:
1424:Qumran
1418:, and
1416:Sirach
1346:Jerome
1307:Baruch
1207:Qumran
1190:Hebrew
1170:Hebrew
1157:Qumran
1069:Author
864:Baruch
859:Sirach
834:Judith
789:Haggai
726:Daniel
706:Isaiah
657:Psalms
643:Wisdom
628:Esther
593:Judges
588:Joshua
549:Exodus
474:Daniel
451:Esther
435:Eikhah
360:Psalms
350:Poetic
339:
306:Haggai
251:Minor
217:Isaiah
206:Latter
182:Samuel
172:Judges
162:Joshua
151:Former
139:
90:Shemot
86:Exodus
64:
3344:James
3329:Titus
3103:Enoch
2969:Tobit
2896:Nahum
2891:Micah
2886:Jonah
2866:Hosea
2721:Bible
2717:Books
2443:Torah
1869:, in
1513:. In
1482:Notes
1460:(NIV)
1420:Tobit
1406:(see
1161:Greek
1153:Greek
1149:Greek
937:Enoch
829:Tobit
774:Nahum
769:Micah
764:Jonah
744:Hosea
455:Ester
394:Five
291:Nahum
286:Micah
281:Jonah
261:Hosea
192:Kings
61:Torah
3442:List
3374:Jude
3262:Acts
3257:John
3252:Luke
3247:Mark
3208:list
3085:Odes
2876:Amos
2871:Joel
2801:Ezra
2781:Ruth
2249:ISBN
2211:ISBN
2163:ISBN
2110:ISBN
2089:ISBN
1965:ISBN
1840:2016
1800:2016
1775:2016
1750:2016
1732:ISBN
1338:The
1313:and
1200:Date
1192:(or
1174:Yale
1017:The
919:Odes
754:Amos
749:Joel
618:Ezra
598:Ruth
488:Ezra
421:Ruth
384:Iyov
271:Amos
266:Joel
2935:and
2816:Job
1395:).
1196:).
1141:Jew
1131:As
1041:by
652:Job
425:Rut
380:Job
3705::
1490:^
1448:.
1414:,
1231:c.
1065:.
3416:)
3412:(
2731:/
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1973:.
1873:.
1842:.
1802:.
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1752:.
1236:)
1229:(
1103:(
1084:)
1080:(
1053:(
1006:e
999:t
992:v
20:)
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