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The length of episomal retention is fairly variable between different genetic constructs and there are many known features in the sequence of an episome which will affect the length and stability of genetic expression of the carried transgene. Among these features is the number of
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The mechanism behind episomal retention in the case of S/MAR episomes is generally still uncertain. As of 1985, in the case of latent
Epstein-Barr virus infection, episomes seemed to be associated with nuclear proteins of the host cell through a set of viral proteins.
31:
chromosomes during mitosis. Episomes do not degrade, unlike standard plasmids, and can be designed so that they are not epigenetically silenced inside the eukaryotic cell nucleus. Episomes can be observed in nature in certain types of long-term infection by
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Rawlins DR, Milman G, Hayward SD, Hayward GS (October 1985). "Sequence-specific DNA binding of the
Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA-1) to clustered sites in the plasmid maintenance region".
27:, which remains as a part of the eukaryotic genome without integration. Episomes manage this by replicating together with the rest of the genome and subsequently associating with
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Conese M, Auriche C, Ascenzioni F (December 2004). "Gene therapy progress and prospects: episomally maintained self-replicating systems".
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Episomes in prokaryotes are special sequences which can divide either separate from or integrated into the prokaryotic chromosome.
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185:"A vector based on the SV40 origin of replication and chromosomal S/MARs replicates episomally in CHO cells"
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103:"Episomal vectors for gene expression in mammalian cells: Episomal vectors for eukaryotic gene expression"
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55:(deoxyribonucleic acid) that allow a standard plasmid to become episomally retained. One example is the
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234:"pEPito: a significantly improved non-viral episomal expression vector for mammalian cells"
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Haase R, Argyros O, Wong SP, Harbottle RP, Lipps HJ, Ogris M, et al. (March 2010).
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Van
Craenenbroeck, Kathleen; Vanhoenacker, Peter; Haegeman, Guy (September 2000).
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which contribute to epigenetic silencing of the transgene carried by the episome.
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40:. In 2004, it was proposed that non-viral episomes might be used in
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Piechaczek C, Fetzer C, Baiker A, Bode J, Lipps HJ (January 1999).
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326:Campbell, Allan (1974), King, Robert C. (ed.),
51:As of 1999, there were many known sequences of
334:, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 295–307,
332:Bacteria, Bacteriophages, and Fungi: Volume 1
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119:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01645.x
107:European Journal of Biochemistry
71:Mechanism of episomal retention
1:
340:10.1007/978-1-4899-1710-2_18
297:10.1016/0092-8674(85)90282-X
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44:for long-term change in
251:10.1186/1472-6750-10-20
80:Episomes in prokaryotes
189:Nucleic Acids Research
34:adeno-associated virus
154:10.1038/sj.gt.3302362
23:is a special type of
201:10.1093/nar/27.2.426
38:Epstein-Barr virus
375:Molecular biology
349:978-1-4899-1710-2
238:BMC Biotechnology
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355:2022-06-25
328:"Episomes"
88:References
59:sequence.
244:(1): 20.
65:CpG sites
29:metaphase
369:Category
270:20230618
170:34565556
162:15385951
127:10971576
313:9342392
305:2996781
261:2847955
219:9862961
25:plasmid
21:episome
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210:148196
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309:S2CID
166:S2CID
57:S/MAR
344:ISBN
301:PMID
285:Cell
266:PMID
215:PMID
158:PMID
123:PMID
336:doi
293:doi
256:PMC
246:doi
205:PMC
197:doi
150:doi
115:doi
111:267
53:DNA
36:or
19:An
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