51:
1097:
reactivates and produces progeny virions. A balance is eventually struck between occasional viral reactivation and host immune surveillance removing cells that activate viral gene expression. The manipulation of the human body's epigenetics by EBV can alter the genome of the cell to leave oncogenic phenotypes. As a result, the modification by the EBV increases the hosts likelihood of developing EBV related cancer. EBV related cancers are unique in that they are frequent to making epigenetic changes but are less likely to mutate.
536:
736:
79:
1545:
7075:
1070:" of these cells, meaning that the virus causes them to continue dividing indefinitely. Normally, cells have a limited lifespan and eventually die, but when EBV infects B lymphocytes, it alters their behavior, making them "immortal" in the sense that they can keep dividing and surviving much longer than usual. This allows the virus to persist in the body for the individual's lifetime.
420:
1019:, EBV enters Latency III. The set of proteins and RNAs produced in Latency III transforms the B cell into a proliferating blast (also known as B cell activation). Later, the virus restricts its gene expression and enters Latency II. The more limited set of proteins and RNAs produced in Latency II induces the B cell to differentiate into a
1921:
1907:
1891:, but further research is needed to determine if eradication is actually achievable. Antiviral agents act by inhibiting viral DNA replication, but there is little evidence that they are effective against Epstein–Barr virus. Moreover, they are expensive, risk causing resistance to antiviral agents, and (in 1% to 10% of cases) can cause unpleasant
1872:, another of the eight human herpesviruses). Although many viruses are assumed to have this property during infection of their natural hosts, there is not an easily managed system for studying this part of the viral lifecycle. Genomic studies of EBV have been able to explore lytic reactivation and regulation of the latent viral episome.
1778:
that is modified or not present in most tumor gene expression, it's been hypothesized that breakage in this area is the main culprit behind the cancers that EBV increases the chance of. The breakage is also dose-dependent, a person with a latent infection will have less breakage than a person with a
1029:
In primary infection, EBV replicates in oropharyngeal epithelial cells and establishes
Latency III, II, and I infections in B lymphocytes. EBV latent infection of B lymphocytes is necessary for virus persistence, subsequent replication in epithelial cells, and release of infectious
1683:
patients, and a 2022 study of 10 million soldiers' historical blood samples showed that "Individuals who were not infected with the
Epstein–Barr virus virtually never get multiple sclerosis. It's only after Epstein–Barr virus infection that the risk of multiple sclerosis jumps up by over 30
1259:
EBER-1/EBER-2 are small nuclear RNAs, which bind to certain nucleoprotein particles, enabling binding to PKR (dsRNA-dependent serin/threonin protein kinase), thus inhibiting its function. EBERs are by far the most abundant EBV products transcribed in EBV-infected cells. They are commonly used as
480:. In July 2020, a team of researchers reported the first complete atomic model of the nucleocapsid of the virus. This "first complete atomic model the icosahedral capsid, the capsid-associated tegument complex (CATC) and the dodecameric portal—the viral genome translocation apparatus."
1096:
The latent programs reprogram and subvert infected B-lymphocytes to proliferate and bring infected cells to the sites at which the virus presumably persists. Eventually, when host immunity develops, the virus persists by turning off most (or possibly all) of its genes and only occasionally
383:
disappears. Many children who become infected with EBV display no symptoms or the symptoms are indistinguishable from the other mild, brief illnesses of childhood. When infection occurs during adolescence or young adulthood, it causes infectious mononucleosis 35 to 50% of the time.
1030:
virus into saliva. EBV Latency III and II infections of B lymphocytes, Latency II infection of oral epithelial cells, and
Latency II infection of NK- or T-cell can result in malignancies, marked by uniform EBV genome presence and gene expression.
1014:
Within B cells, all three latency programs are possible. EBV latency within B cells usually progresses from
Latency III to Latency II to Latency I. Each stage of latency uniquely influences B cell behavior. Upon infecting a resting
2431:
1879:
is not yet available. The development of an effective vaccine could prevent up to 200,000 cancers globally per year. The absence of effective animal models is an obstacle to development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against EBV.
511:
mediate B cell membrane fusion; although the two-part complexes of gHgL mediate epithelial cell membrane fusion. EBV that are made in the B cells have low numbers of gHgLgp42 complexes, because these three-part complexes interact with
4267:
3701:
1167:
EBNA-1 protein binds to a replication origin (oriP) within the viral genome and mediates replication and partitioning of the episome during division of the host cell. It is the only viral protein expressed during group I latency.
3466:
Liu S, Li H, Chen L, Yang L, Li L, Tao Y, et al. (March 2013). "(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibition of
Epstein–Barr virus spontaneous lytic infection involves ERK1/2 and PI3-K/Akt signaling in EBV-positive cells".
1765:
in this section of the genome. While the cause and exact mechanism for this is unknown, the byproduct results in errors and breakage of the chromosomal structure as cells stemming from the line of the tainted genome undergo
5071:
Tagliavini E, Rossi G, Valli R, Zanelli M, Cadioli A, Mengoli MC, et al. (August 2013). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: A practical review for pathologists dealing with this rare pulmonary lymphoproliferative process".
718:
to induce the lytic form of EBV infection. Additionally, the activation of some genes but not others is being studied to determine just how to induce immune destruction of latently infected B cells by use of either
4024:
1278:
is a box CD-snoRNA generated by the virus during latency. V-snoRNA1 may act as a miRNA-like precursor that is processed into 24 nucleotide sized RNA fragments that target the 3'UTR of viral DNA polymerase mRNA.
1575:
Epstein–Barr virus-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) are by far the most abundant EBV products transcribed in cells infected by EBV. They are commonly used as targets for the detection of EBV in histological tissues.
2421:
1857:
As a relatively complex virus, EBV is not yet fully understood. Laboratories around the world continue to study the virus and develop new ways to treat the diseases it causes. One popular way of studying EBV
4482:
Buisson M, Géoui T, Flot D, Tarbouriech N, Ressing ME, Wiertz EJ, et al. (August 2009). "A bridge crosses the active-site canyon of the
Epstein–Barr virus nuclease with DNase and RNase activities".
1393:
genes. As a result, the two subtypes differ in their transforming capabilities and reactivation ability. Type 1 is dominant throughout most of the world, but the two types are equally prevalent in
1327:
miRNAs (up to 20 miRNAs) are expressed highly during type II latency and only modestly during type I and II latency. The previous reference also gives an account of the known functions of these miRNAs.
574:(CR1), is an additional attachment factor for gp350 / 220, and can provide a route for entry of EBV into CD21-negative cells, including immature B-cells. EBV infection downregulates expression of CD35.
1939:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1700:
519:
molecules present in B cells in the endoplasmic reticulum and are degraded. In contrast, EBV from epithelial cells are rich in the three-part complexes because these cells do not normally contain
294:
1089:
Following natural infection with EBV, the virus is thought to execute some or all of its repertoire of gene expression programs to establish a persistent infection. Given the initial absence of host
2616:
2048:
Urgency and necessity of
Epstein–Barr virus prophylactic vaccines. 2022. npj Vaccines. 7/1. L. Zhong, C. Krummenacher, W. Zhang, J. Hong, Q. Feng, Y. Chen, et al. doi: 10.1038/s41541-022-00587-6.
1779:
novel or reactivated infection since EBNA1 levels in the nucleus and nucleolus are higher during active attack of the body because of the constant replication and take-over of cells in the body.
2561:
Bjornevik K, Cortese M, Healy BC, Kuhle J, Mina MJ, Leng Y, et al. (January 2022). "Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of
Epstein–Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis".
627:
For lytic replication to occur, the viral genome must be linear. The latent EBV genome is circular, so it must linearize in the process of lytic reactivation. During lytic replication, viral
593:
of the viral envelope with the epithelial cell membrane, allowing EBV to enter the epithelial cell. Unlike B-cell entry, epithelial-cell entry is actually impeded by viral glycoprotein gp42.
523:
molecules. As a consequence, EBV made from B cells are more infectious to epithelial cells, and EBV made from epithelial cells are more infectious to B cells. Viruses lacking the
360:. About 200,000 cancer cases globally per year are thought to be attributable to EBV. In 2022, a large study (population of 10 million over 20 years) suggested EBV as the leading cause of
7686:
4107:"Long-term administration of valacyclovir reduces the number of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells but not the number of EBV DNA copies per B cell in healthy volunteers"
1614:
EBV causes infectious mononucleosis. Children infected with EBV have few symptoms or can appear asymptomatic, but when infection is delayed to adolescence or adulthood, it can cause
1285:
289:("mono" or "glandular fever"), a disease characterized by extreme fatigue, fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. The virus is also associated with various non-malignant,
1595:(PCR) is seldom done, as this method says nothing about the immune system's reaction to the virus. EBV viral load does not correlate well with clinical symptoms of infection.
1023:. Finally, EBV restricts gene expression even further and enters Latency I. Expression of EBNA-1 allows the EBV genome to replicate when the memory B cell divides.
3985:
3595:
Merchant M, Swart R, Katzman RB, Ikeda M, Ikeda A, Longnecker R, et al. (2001). "The effects of the
Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A on B cell function".
2291:
2000:"Beyond cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus: A review of viruses composing the blood virome of solid organ transplant and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients"
379:. In the United States, about half of all five-year-old children and about 90% of adults have evidence of previous infection. Infants become susceptible to EBV as soon as
5747:
Delecluse HJ, Feederle R, Behrends U, Mautner J (December 2008). "Contribution of viral recombinants to the study of the immune response against the
Epstein–Barr virus".
7109:
1231:
1212:
838:
790:
EBV can exhibit one of three latency programs: Latency I, Latency II, or Latency III. Each latency program leads to the production of a limited, distinct set of viral
1260:
targets for the detection of EBV in histological tissues. ER-particles also induce the production of IL-10, which enhances growth and inhibits cytotoxic T cells.
5390:
Woulfe J, Hoogendoorn H, Tarnopolsky M, Muñoz DG (November 2000). "Monoclonal antibodies against Epstein–Barr virus cross-react with alpha-synuclein in human brain".
282:
formulations underwent testing in different animals or in humans. However, none of them were able to prevent EBV infection and no vaccine has been approved to date.
8206:
616:. EBV can undergo lytic replication in both B cells and epithelial cells. In B cells, lytic replication normally only takes place after reactivation from
777:, which support the latent state of the virus. Latent EBV expresses its genes in one of three patterns, known as latency programs. EBV can latently persist within
7069:
1083:
cell lines eventually emerge that are capable of indefinite growth. The growth transformation of these cell lines is the consequence of viral protein expression.
8219:
7700:
2103:
Maeda E, Akahane M, Kiryu S, Kato N, Yoshikawa T, Hayashi N, et al. (January 2009). "Spectrum of Epstein–Barr virus-related diseases: A pictorial review".
1275:
1266:
3159:
1359:
667:
2154:
7366:
5617:
7197:
2608:
1869:
1250:
7237:
3868:"Constitutive interferon-inducible protein 16-inflammasome activation during Epstein–Barr virus latency I, II, and III in B and epithelial cells"
1849:
B cells after infection, mimicking some forms of EBV-related infections, and confirmed the link between the virus and infectious mononucleosis.
1193:
1174:
1158:
1104:. EBV-positive patients who have had their own bone marrow replaced with bone marrow from an EBV-negative donor are found to be EBV-negative after
5897:
2874:
50:
2896:
Straus SE, Cohen JI, Tosato G, Meier J (January 1993). "NIH conference. Epstein–Barr virus infections: Biology, pathogenesis, and management".
1834:
1116:
All EBV nuclear proteins are produced by alternative splicing of a transcript starting at either the Cp or Wp promoters at the left end of the
7102:
5671:
5584:
5347:
3930:
1841:
markers. In 1967, a technician in their laboratory developed mononucleosis and they were able to compare a stored serum sample, showing that
8267:
7330:
5139:
1976:
720:
634:
Lytic gene products are produced in three consecutive stages: immediate-early, early, and late. Immediate-early lytic gene products act as
337:
1131:
of the EBNA-LP coding region is created by an alternate splice of the nuclear protein transcript. In the absence of this initiation codon,
2450:"Global and regional incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years for Epstein–Barr virus-attributable malignancies, 1990–2017"
7387:
2643:
2365:"CD8+ T cell deficiency, Epstein–Barr virus infection, vitamin D deficiency, and steps to autoimmunity: A unifying hypothesis"
6788:
5839:
5245:"The presence of Epstein–Barr virus significantly impacts the transcriptional profile in immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma"
1653:
302:
631:
is responsible for copying the viral genome. This contrasts with latency, in which host-cell DNA polymerase copies the viral genome.
8262:
7706:
7232:
7189:
6953:
6422:
6317:
4924:
4710:"Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An overview of biological factors that may contribute to persistent symptoms"
4681:
688:, has shown in a study to inhibit EBV spontaneous lytic infection at the DNA, gene transcription, and protein levels in a time- and
7621:
1934:
1757:, specifically in the 11q23 region between the FAM55D gene and FAM55B, which EBNA-1 appears to have a high affinity for due to its
4049:
Yates JL, Warren N, Sugden B (1985). "Stable replication of plasmids derived from Epstein-Barr virus in various mammalian cells".
7692:
7095:
6903:
6783:
6532:
8247:
2244:
Nussinovitch M, Prais D, Volovitz B, Shapiro R, Amir J (September 2003). "Post-infectious acute cerebellar ataxia in children".
7078:
6863:
5705:
1865:
3347:
1876:
7291:
7277:
6848:
6843:
4873:
78:
5677:
5590:
2882:
2744:"Epstein–Barr virus is present in the brain of most cases of multiple sclerosis and may engage more than just B cells"
7046:
6657:
6552:
6477:
6377:
6372:
6357:
6352:
6287:
6262:
4335:
3105:
2197:
2105:
2058:
Rezk SA, Zhao X, Weiss LM (September 2018). "Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoid proliferations, a 2018 update".
2004:
1775:
1699:. The viral infection is also associated with, and often contributes to the development of, a wide range of non-malignant
3339:
1688:
7496:
7490:
7401:
7395:
7285:
7031:
7026:
6808:
6793:
6743:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6572:
6257:
6217:
4767:
4485:
2941:
349:
333:
318:
8184:
5503:
8252:
7859:
7785:
7779:
7452:
7021:
7016:
7006:
6943:
6908:
6803:
6407:
6347:
6342:
6282:
6242:
6190:
5890:
5111:
4263:"Eradication of Epstein–Barr virus by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: implications for sites of viral latency"
4216:
3248:
2898:
2878:
1868:. Epstein–Barr virus can be maintained and manipulated in the laboratory in continual latency (a property shared with
1673:
1052:, latent EBV in B cells can be reactivated by stimulating the B cell receptor, so it is likely reactivation
4382:"Genome-wide analyses of Epstein–Barr virus reveal conserved RNA structures and a novel stable intronic sequence RNA"
773:
constituents, suppress the majority of the viral genes in latently infected cells. Only a portion of EBV's genes are
8257:
6996:
6991:
6858:
6823:
6818:
6697:
6662:
6547:
6542:
6417:
6367:
6332:
6307:
5864:
3558:
Thorley-Lawson DA, Miyashita EM, Khan G (May 1996). "Epstein–Barr virus and the B cell: That's all it takes".
2369:
8224:
548:
EBV can infect both B cells and epithelial cells. The mechanisms for entering these two cells are different.
7916:
7523:
7001:
6948:
6853:
6813:
6737:
6567:
6562:
6482:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6402:
6397:
6362:
6312:
6252:
6247:
6237:
6212:
6100:
5528:
Epstein MA, Achong BG, Barr YM (March 1964). "Virus Particles in Cultured Lymphoblasts from Burkitt's Lymphoma".
5249:
4714:
3513:
3151:
3021:
2824:
1830:
1807:, attended a lecture on "The commonest children's cancer in tropical Africa—a hitherto unrecognised syndrome" by
1739:
1724:
1592:
739:
Development of Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV)-induced acquired immunodeficiency in patients with genetic susceptibility
441:
5749:
1389:
EBV can be divided into two major types, EBV type 1 and EBV type 2. These two subtypes have different
1093:, the lytic cycle produces large numbers of virions to infect other (presumably) B-lymphocytes within the host.
706:
gene found across all stages of EBV infection is unaffected. Specific inhibitors (to the pathways) suggest that
7625:
7537:
7442:
7272:
7245:
7217:
7150:
7041:
7036:
7011:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6868:
6798:
6731:
6687:
6682:
6652:
6557:
6527:
6522:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6412:
6327:
6322:
3469:
2422:"Developing a vaccine for the Epstein–Barr virus could prevent up to 200,000 cancers globally say experts"
1665:
1606:
570:
of the viral envelope with the cell membrane, allowing EBV to enter the B cell. Human CD35, also known as
314:
286:
357:
8272:
7421:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6702:
6692:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6537:
6487:
6110:
6105:
6065:
5844:
4820:
1743:
513:
5860:
5786:"An atlas of the Epstein–Barr virus transcriptome and epigenome reveals host-virus regulatory interactions"
535:
8105:
7815:
7793:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7553:
7447:
7408:
6707:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6080:
6075:
6070:
5883:
5790:
3922:
3560:
3017:"Main Targets of Interest for the Development of a Prophylactic or Therapeutic Epstein–Barr Virus Vaccine"
1944:
1846:
1735:
1696:
1067:
326:
2641:
Ascherio A, Munger KL (September 2010). "Epstein-barr virus infection and multiple sclerosis: a review".
1823:
to be cultured. Virus particles were identified in the cultured cells, and the results were published in
7800:
7381:
7251:
7074:
6168:
1808:
1704:
1323:
pri-miRNAS (generating four miRNAs) are expressed during type III latency, whereas the large cluster of
658:). Early lytic gene products have many more functions, such as replication, metabolism, and blockade of
571:
445:
7222:
5345:
Arora N, Gupta A, Sadeghi N (July 2017). "Primary effusion lymphoma: Current concepts and management".
5190:
5184:
Kyriakidis I, Vasileiou E, Karastrati S, Tragiannidis A, Gompakis N, Hatzistilianou M (December 2016).
4973:"Human papillomavirus and Epstein–Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a low-incidence population"
3760:
Hutzinger R, Feederle R, Mrazek J, Schiefermeier N, Balwierz PJ, Zavolan M, et al. (August 2009).
3361:
Ogembo JG, Kannan L, Ghiran I, Nicholson-Weller A, Finberg RW, Tsokos GC, et al. (February 2013).
1816:
1657:
1649:
8193:
8064:
7896:
7531:
7360:
5450:
4920:"Epigenetic dysregulation in Epstein–Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma: Disease and treatments"
4276:
4060:
3710:
2757:
2572:
2514:
2328:
1762:
1086:
EBNA-2, EBNA-3C, and LMP-1, are essential for transformation, whereas EBNA-LP and the EBERs are not.
590:
567:
353:
73:
31:
7482:
7203:
6045:
6040:
6035:
5952:
5392:
5026:
4111:
3872:
3291:
2697:
2246:
1804:
1692:
1403:
58:
5615:
Henle W, Henle G (1980). "Epidemiologic aspects of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated diseases".
4679:
Schooley RT (1988). "Chronic fatigue syndrome: A manifestation of Epstein–Barr virus infection?".
1135:
will be expressed depending on which of these genes is alternatively spliced into the transcript.
7585:
7341:
6722:
6181:
5642:
5568:
5474:
5417:
5372:
5225:
5166:
4900:
4084:
4016:
3287:"Epstein–Barr virus lacking glycoprotein gp42 can bind to B cells but is not able to infect"
3224:
2973:
2923:
2849:
2668:
2596:
2540:
2426:
2271:
2130:
2085:
1820:
1788:
1758:
1680:
1669:
1399:
1090:
659:
361:
341:
198:
163:
7087:
1964:
1947:, the physician who proved how the Epstein–Barr virus is transmitted in infectious mononucleosis
735:
596:
Once EBV enters the cell, the viral capsid dissolves and the viral genome is transported to the
8211:
3695:
Calderwood MA, Venkatesan K, Xing L, Chase MR, Vazquez A, Holthaus AM, et al. (May 2007).
1294:
Ebv-sisRNA-1 is a stable intronic sequence RNA generated during latency program III. After the
507:
8137:
8049:
8000:
7981:
7962:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7740:
7657:
7562:
7266:
7144:
6774:
6502:
6011:
5817:
5766:
5667:
5634:
5580:
5547:
5466:
5409:
5364:
5327:
5278:
5217:
5158:
5083:
5053:
5002:
4953:
4892:
4849:
4796:
4743:
4690:
4661:
4618:
4600:
4559:
4541:
4502:
4464:
4415:
4362:
4304:
4243:
4192:
4138:
4076:
4008:
3966:
3926:
3899:
3848:
3795:
3738:
3677:
3659:
3640:"Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated epithelial and non-epithelial lesions of the oral cavity"
3620:
3612:
3577:
3540:
3486:
3443:
3394:
3318:
3267:
3216:
3132:
3050:
2992:
2915:
2871:"About 90% of adults have antibodies that show that they have a current or past EBV infection"
2841:
2785:
2724:
2660:
2588:
2563:
2532:
2505:
2481:
2398:
2345:
2308:
2263:
2226:
2173:
2122:
2077:
2031:
1884:
1679:
Specifically, EBV infected B cells have been shown to reside within the brain lesions of
1615:
1398:. One can distinguish EBV type 1 from EBV type 2 by cutting the viral genome with a
747:
does not result in production of virions. Instead, the EBV genome circular DNA resides in the
376:
322:
175:
5784:
Arvey A, Tempera I, Tsai K, Chen HS, Tikhmyanova N, Klichinsky M, et al. (August 2012).
4763:"The role of EBV in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's Lymphoma: an Italian hospital based survey"
1011:
Also, a program is postulated in which all viral protein expression is shut off (Latency 0).
17:
8024:
7734:
7414:
7346:
7227:
7158:
5807:
5799:
5758:
5714:
5626:
5539:
5530:
5458:
5441:
5401:
5356:
5317:
5309:
5268:
5258:
5207:
5199:
5148:
5043:
5035:
5020:
Mechelli R, Manzari C, Policano C, Annese A, Picardi E, Umeton R, et al. (March 2015).
4992:
4984:
4943:
4933:
4882:
4839:
4829:
4786:
4776:
4733:
4723:
4651:
4642:
4608:
4590:
4549:
4533:
4494:
4454:
4446:
4405:
4395:
4352:
4344:
4294:
4284:
4233:
4225:
4182:
4174:
4165:
4128:
4120:
4068:
4051:
4000:
3958:
3949:
Kerr JR (October 2019). "Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and therapeutic inhibitors".
3889:
3881:
3838:
3830:
3814:
3785:
3775:
3747:
The nomenclature used here is that of Kieff. Other laboratories use different nomenclatures.
3728:
3718:
3667:
3651:
3604:
3569:
3530:
3522:
3478:
3433:
3425:
3384:
3376:
3308:
3300:
3257:
3206:
3196:
3122:
3114:
3040:
3030:
2982:
2911:
2907:
2833:
2775:
2765:
2714:
2706:
2652:
2580:
2522:
2471:
2463:
2388:
2378:
2337:
2300:
2255:
2216:
2206:
2163:
2114:
2069:
2021:
2013:
1346:
1333:
1105:
784:
707:
499:
492:
refers to which cell types that EBV infects. EBV can infect different cell types, including
394:
380:
306:
298:
5243:
Navari M, Etebari M, de Falco G, Ambrosio MR, Gibellini D, Leoncini L, et al. (2015).
3101:"Progress and problems in understanding and managing primary Epstein–Barr virus infections"
663:
651:
555:
7948:
7876:
7871:
7853:
7773:
7762:
7633:
7597:
7517:
7303:
7164:
6583:
6513:
2060:
1912:
1731:
1684:
fold", and that only EBV of many infections had such a clear connection with the disease.
1627:
1241:
774:
724:
639:
635:
586:
582:
524:
345:
263:
4105:
Hoshino Y, Katano H, Zou P, Hohman P, Marques A, Tyring SK, et al. (November 2009).
3866:
Ansari MA, Singh VV, Dutta S, Veettil MV, Dutta D, Chikoti L, et al. (August 2013).
5454:
5302:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences
4280:
4064:
3714:
2761:
2691:
Moreno MA, Or-Geva N, Aftab BT, Khanna R, Croze E, Steinman L, et al. (July 2018).
2576:
2518:
2326:
Dreyfus DH (December 2011). "Autoimmune disease: A role for new anti-viral therapies?".
1815:, in which Burkitt described the "endemic variant" (pediatric form) of the disease that
7184:
7065:
6388:
5938:
5926:
5812:
5785:
5630:
5322:
5297:
5273:
5244:
5212:
5185:
5048:
5021:
4997:
4972:
4948:
4919:
4844:
4815:
4791:
4762:
4738:
4709:
4613:
4578:
4459:
4434:
4410:
4381:
4238:
4211:
4187:
4160:
4133:
4106:
3894:
3867:
3843:
3818:
3790:
3766:
3762:"Expression and processing of a small nucleolar RNA from the Epstein-Barr virus genome"
3761:
3733:
3696:
3672:
3639:
3535:
3508:
3438:
3413:
3389:
3362:
3211:
3182:
3127:
3100:
3045:
3016:
2822:
Amon W, Farrell PJ (November 2004). "Reactivation of Epstein–Barr virus from latency".
2780:
2743:
2719:
2692:
2476:
2449:
2393:
2364:
2221:
2192:
2168:
2149:
2026:
1999:
1926:
1661:
1184:
1080:
756:
689:
666:. Finally, late lytic gene products tend to be proteins with structural roles, such as
628:
465:
461:
310:
115:
66:
5543:
4761:
Pannone G, Zamparese R, Pace M, Pedicillo MC, Cagiano S, Somma P, et al. (2014).
4554:
4521:
4357:
4326:
4299:
4262:
3573:
3313:
3286:
2987:
2968:
1544:
8241:
7179:
7174:
7122:
6613:
6159:
6091:
6026:
5932:
5920:
5908:
5478:
5436:
5153:
5134:
4887:
4868:
4261:
Gratama JW, Oosterveer MA, Zwaan FE, Lepoutre J, Klein G, Ernberg I (November 1988).
4020:
3228:
3187:
2600:
2544:
1754:
1298:, it is the third-most abundant small RNA produced by the virus during this program.
1222:
1020:
761:
744:
489:
473:
407:
402:
271:
251:
247:
151:
139:
127:
103:
5762:
5646:
5421:
5170:
2927:
2853:
2672:
2289:
Toussirot E, Roudier J (October 2008). "Epstein–Barr virus in autoimmune diseases".
2275:
2089:
8142:
8040:
7890:
7568:
7429:
6982:
6894:
6673:
6298:
6121:
6056:
5376:
5229:
4904:
4386:
4178:
4088:
3367:
2134:
1888:
1638:
1634:
1016:
748:
715:
674:. Other late lytic gene products, such as BCRF1, help EBV evade the immune system.
597:
563:
552:
516:
457:
290:
5573:"1. The origins of EBV research: Discovery and characterization of the virus"
3962:
3304:
2870:
2073:
1058:
takes place after latently infected B cells respond to unrelated infections.
8128:
5661:
5572:
5360:
5039:
4450:
4229:
3780:
3380:
3262:
3243:
2770:
2710:
2341:
1591:
encoded by the EBV DNA are detected. Direct detection of EBV genome presence via
8178:
8080:
8029:
8017:
8012:
8005:
7993:
7988:
7967:
7937:
7839:
7678:
7590:
7573:
7508:
7169:
6964:
5985:
5875:
5074:
3363:"Human complement receptor type 1 / CD35 is an Epstein–Barr Virus receptor"
2467:
1892:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1623:
1101:
766:
609:
5803:
5462:
4656:
4637:
4268:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3834:
3702:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3655:
3526:
3429:
3340:"Entrez gene: CR2 complement component (3d/Epstein Barr virus) receptor 2"
2304:
2259:
714:
pathway through BRLF1, the latter completely abrogating the ability of a BRLF1
7930:
7714:
7471:
6919:
6756:
6273:
6228:
5203:
4728:
4522:"Assessment of rapid ELISA test for detection of Epstein–Barr virus infection"
4498:
4004:
3608:
3201:
3152:"Scientists uncover first atomic structure of Epstein–Barr virus nucleocapsid"
3035:
2945:
2656:
2118:
1902:
1825:
1630:
681:
449:
275:
5493:
5263:
5186:"Primary EBV infection and hypersensitivity to mosquito bites: a case report"
4971:
Dogan S, Hedberg ML, Ferris RL, Rath TJ, Assaad AM, Chiosea SI (April 2014).
4938:
4834:
4604:
4545:
4400:
3663:
3616:
2571:(6578). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 296–301.
2148:
Cherry-Peppers G, Daniels CO, Meeks V, Sanders CF, Reznik D (February 2003).
7975:
7956:
7923:
7911:
7905:
7884:
7830:
7758:
7729:
7652:
7644:
7606:
7375:
7354:
7260:
7138:
7130:
7118:
6834:
6643:
6203:
5967:
5022:"Epstein–Barr virus genetic variants are associated with multiple sclerosis"
4595:
4435:"The role of microRNAs in Epstein–Barr virus latency and lytic reactivation"
4289:
3986:"Latency and lytic replication in Epstein–Barr virus-associated oncogenesis"
3723:
3482:
2584:
2527:
2500:
770:
685:
578:
577:
To enter epithelial cells, viral protein BMRF-2 interacts with cellular β1
437:
419:
259:
5821:
5770:
5718:
5551:
5470:
5413:
5368:
5331:
5313:
5282:
5221:
5162:
5101:
5087:
5057:
5006:
4957:
4896:
4853:
4800:
4781:
4747:
4665:
4622:
4506:
4468:
4419:
4247:
4196:
4142:
4012:
3970:
3903:
3852:
3799:
3742:
3681:
3624:
3544:
3490:
3447:
3398:
3271:
3220:
3136:
3054:
2967:
Khan G, Miyashita EM, Yang B, Babcock GJ, Thorley-Lawson DA (August 1996).
2845:
2789:
2728:
2664:
2609:"Can we vaccinate against Epstein–Barr, the virus you didn't know you had?"
2592:
2536:
2485:
2402:
2349:
2312:
2267:
2230:
2211:
2177:
2126:
2081:
2035:
562:(also known as CR2). Then, viral glycoprotein gp42 interacts with cellular
5638:
5405:
4694:
4563:
4366:
4308:
4080:
3581:
3322:
3181:
Li Z, Zhang X, Dong L, Pang J, Xu M, Zhong Q, et al. (October 2020).
2996:
2919:
2383:
8169:
8163:
8122:
8073:
7720:
7462:
7318:
5498:
5106:
4537:
4348:
4124:
3885:
3118:
2748:
2693:"Molecular signature of Epstein–Barr virus infection in MS brain lesions"
2454:
2017:
1860:
1842:
1838:
1771:
1584:
1075:
791:
329:
2193:"Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: A clinical and pathophysiological review"
787:, but different latency programs are possible in the two types of cell.
7826:
6337:
4327:"Epstein Barr virus (EBV) encoded small RNAs: Targets for detection by
2944:. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Archived from
1845:
to the virus developed. In 1968, they discovered that EBV can directly
1767:
1588:
1225:
protein that is also essential for EBV-mediated growth transformation.
1054:
1044:
752:
613:
279:
4988:
1920:
1887:
Epstein–Barr might allow its own eradication via a course of the drug
527:
portion are able to bind to human B cells, but unable to infect.
375:
and genital secretions. Most people become infected with EBV and gain
270:. EBV establishes permanent infection in humans. It causes infectious
7435:
4072:
1812:
1642:
1395:
1390:
1117:
829:
823:
817:
812:
807:
779:
702:
671:
494:
469:
433:
389:
372:
267:
62:
8099:
2837:
1730:
The Epstein–Barr virus has been implicated in disorders related to
4579:"EBV Viral Loads in Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Response Assessment"
612:, or productive infection, results in the production of infectious
8086:
7845:
7477:
3638:
Kikuchi K, Inoue H, Miyazaki Y, Ide F, Kojima M, Kusama K (2017).
1750:
1648:
EBV has also been implicated in several other diseases, including
1619:
1580:
1128:
892:
849:
843:
711:
643:
642:
of later lytic genes. Immediate-early lytic gene products include
418:
398:
255:
90:
8198:
4161:"Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)"
3183:"CryoEM structure of the tegumented capsid of Epstein–Barr virus"
2969:"Is EBV persistence in vivo a model for B cell homeostasis?"
1579:
Clinically, the most common way to detect the presence of EBV is
1295:
1203:
855:
795:
677:
620:. In epithelial cells, lytic replication often directly follows
559:
453:
8103:
7091:
5879:
5868:
332:. The virus is also associated with the childhood disorders of
7312:
1829:
in 1964 by Epstein, Achong, and Barr. Cell lines were sent to
1539:
3697:"Epstein–Barr virus and virus human protein interaction maps"
1311:
EBV microRNAs are encoded by two transcripts, one set in the
2416:
2414:
2412:
61:
of two Epstein–Barr virions (viral particles) showing round
4816:"Epstein–Barr virus and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis"
1240:
LMP-2A/LMP-2B are transmembrane proteins that act to block
1038:
Latent EBV in B cells can be reactivated to switch to
1026:
Within epithelial cells, only Latency II is possible.
2448:
Khan G, Fitzmaurice C, Naghavi M, Ahmed LA (August 2020).
1940:
Epstein–Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases
1715:
as well as malignant lymphoproliferative diseases such as
1120:(in the conventional nomenclature). The genes are ordered
646:(also known as Zta, EB1, associated with its product gene
340:
and, by some evidence, higher risks of developing certain
295:
Epstein–Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases
5135:"Epstein–Barr virus and skin manifestations in childhood"
1687:
Additional diseases that have been linked to EBV include
5579:. Wymondham, UK: Caister Academic Press. pp. 1–14.
5437:"Epstein–Barr virus is an agent of genomic instability"
1556:
368:
increase in the risk of developing multiple sclerosis.
5296:
Shannon-Lowe C, Rickinson AB, Bell AI (October 2017).
2865:
2863:
4212:"Epstein–Barr virus: A master epigenetic manipulator"
1973:
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
5102:"Is a virus we all have causing multiple sclerosis?"
4325:
Khan G, Coates PJ, Kangro HO, Slavin G (July 1992).
3099:
Odumade OA, Hogquist KA, Balfour HH (January 2011).
710:
contributes to EBV lytic infection though BZLF1 and
581:. Then, viral protein gH/gL interacts with cellular
464:made of protein, which in turn is surrounded by an
8153:
8112:
8063:
8039:
7947:
7870:
7825:
7814:
7643:
7605:
7584:
7552:
7507:
7461:
7340:
7329:
7302:
7129:
6980:
6962:
6917:
6892:
6832:
6772:
6754:
6720:
6671:
6641:
6611:
6581:
6511:
6500:
6386:
6296:
6271:
6226:
6201:
6179:
6157:
6119:
6089:
6054:
6024:
6009:
5983:
5965:
5950:
4520:Matheson BA, Chisholm SM, Ho-Yen DO (August 1990).
3244:"Epstein Barr virus entry; kissing and conjugation"
2292:
Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology
2191:Mastria G, Mancini V, Viganò A, di Piero V (2016).
1770:. Since genes in this area have been implicated in
262:. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified
4869:"Epstein–Barr virus-associated Hodgkin's lymphoma"
1402:and comparing the resulting digestion patterns by
371:Infection with EBV occurs by the oral transfer of
5840:"The puzzling virus that infects almost everyone"
5494:"Cancer virus discovery helped by delayed flight"
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
2942:"Epstein–Barr virus and infectious Mononucleosis"
2742:Hassani A, Corboy JR, Al-Salam S, Khan G (2018).
5523:
5521:
4154:
4152:
4100:
4098:
3755:
3753:
3502:
3500:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2636:
2634:
2556:
2554:
1709:Epstein–Barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcers
5736:. Boston, MA: Academic Press. pp. 532–533.
5734:Desk Encyclopedia of Human and Medical Virology
5610:
5608:
5563:
5561:
3944:
3942:
1048:, but what triggers it is not known precisely.
505:The viral three-part glycoprotein complexes of
4682:Current Clinical Topics in Infectious Diseases
3919:Epstein–Barr Virus: Latency and Transformation
1819:. In 1963, a specimen was sent from Uganda to
1066:EBV infection of B lymphocytes leads to "
7103:
7068:species listed below parent taxon –– Source:
5891:
3334:
3332:
1645:has also been associated with EBV infection.
1609:and the other diseases listed in this section
1122:EBNA-LP/EBNA-2/EBNA-3A/EBNA-3B/EBNA-3C/EBNA-1
696:, and early antigen complex EA-D (induced by
8:
3509:"Epigenetic lifestyle of Epstein–Barr virus"
3414:"Epigenetic lifestyle of Epstein–Barr virus"
1721:Epstein–Barr virus-positive Hodgkin lymphoma
1717:Epstein–Barr virus-positive Burkitt lymphoma
4867:Gandhi MK, Tellam JT, Khanna R (May 2004).
4166:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2501:"Epstein–Barr virus and multiple sclerosis"
2155:Journal of the National Medical Association
8100:
7822:
7602:
7367:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
7337:
7110:
7096:
7088:
6751:
6508:
6198:
6176:
6021:
6017:
5962:
5958:
5898:
5884:
5876:
5618:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
4331:hybridisation with oligonucleotide probes"
1415:Interpretation of specific EBV antibodies
1413:
423:Simplified diagram of the structure of EBV
49:
38:
30:"EBV" redirects here. For other uses, see
7238:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
5811:
5321:
5298:"Epstein–Barr virus-associated lymphomas"
5272:
5262:
5211:
5152:
5047:
4996:
4947:
4937:
4886:
4843:
4833:
4790:
4780:
4737:
4727:
4708:Proal AD, VanElzakker MB (23 June 2021).
4655:
4612:
4594:
4553:
4458:
4409:
4399:
4356:
4298:
4288:
4237:
4186:
4132:
3893:
3842:
3789:
3779:
3732:
3722:
3671:
3534:
3507:Buschle A, Hammerschmidt W (April 2020).
3437:
3412:Buschle A, Hammerschmidt W (April 2020).
3388:
3312:
3285:Wang X, Hutt-Fletcher LM (January 1998).
3261:
3210:
3200:
3126:
3044:
3034:
2986:
2779:
2769:
2718:
2526:
2475:
2392:
2382:
2220:
2210:
2167:
2150:"Oral manifestations in the era of HAART"
2025:
1795:, who discovered the virus together with
692:manner; the expression of EBV lytic genes
5666:. Horizon Scientific Press. p. 18.
5133:di Lernia V, Mansouri Y (October 2013).
3242:Shannon-Lowe C, Rowe M (February 2014).
2499:Robinson WH, Steinman L (January 2022).
1142:
800:
734:
534:
448:(DNA) which contains about 172,000
401:infection is brought under control, EBV
364:, with a recent EBV infection causing a
4577:Kimura H, Kwong YL (12 February 2019).
4320:
4318:
4159:de Paor M, O'Brien K, Smith SM (2016).
3015:Jean-Pierre V, Lupo J, Germi R (2021).
2912:10.7326/0003-4819-118-1-199301010-00009
2875:National Center for Infectious Diseases
1956:
1870:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
1787:The Epstein–Barr virus was named after
1753:may induce chromosomal breakage in the
1998:Zanella M, Cordey S, Kaiser L (2020).
1100:The site of persistence of EBV may be
1039:
621:
477:
5348:Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
4636:Weiss LM, O'Malley D (January 2013).
3350:from the original on 5 December 2010.
2443:
2441:
1133:EBNA-2/EBNA-3A/EBNA-3B/EBNA-3C/EBNA-1
456:. The DNA is surrounded by a protein
7:
5861:"Transcriptome and epigenome of EBV"
5680:from the original on 10 January 2023
5593:from the original on 10 January 2023
5140:International Journal of Dermatology
4433:Forte E, Luftig MA (December 2011).
2619:from the original on 2 December 2022
1062:Transformation of B lymphocytes
662:. Early lytic gene products include
309:; non-lymphoid malignancies such as
7388:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
5506:from the original on 8 October 2015
4918:Yau TO, Tang CM, Yu J (June 2014).
4030:from the original on 8 October 2023
3597:International Reviews of Immunology
2885:from the original on 8 August 2016.
2644:Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
2434:from the original on 19 March 2017.
1979:from the original on 16 August 2022
1875:Although under active research, an
1835:Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
274:and is also tightly linked to many
65:loosely surrounded by the membrane
5631:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb27975.x
5114:from the original on 25 April 2022
4380:Moss WN, Steitz JA (August 2013).
3644:The Japanese Dental Science Review
1654:hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
1581:enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay
759:. It persists in the individual's
654:(associated with its product gene
303:hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
25:
7707:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
7233:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
4925:World Journal of Gastroenterology
3162:from the original on 18 July 2022
1761:having an interest in a specific
1703:such as severe hypersensitivity
765:. Epigenetic changes such as DNA
317:; and conditions associated with
266:, that is a virus that can cause
7693:Middle East respiratory syndrome
7073:
5154:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05855.x
4888:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04902.x
2430:(Press release). 24 March 2014.
1919:
1905:
1866:bacterial artificial chromosomes
1543:
254:, and is one of the most common
77:
5763:10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.09.001
5706:New England Journal of Medicine
2605:Related non-technical article:
1522:Chronic infection/reactivation
1202:These genes also bind the host
440:in diameter and is composed of
7292:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
7278:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
5699:Miller G (21 December 2006). "
4874:British Journal of Haematology
4179:10.1002/14651858.CD011487.pub2
1073:When EBV infects B cells
700:), however, the highly stable
1:
5544:10.1016/s0140-6736(64)91524-7
4526:Journal of Clinical Pathology
4336:Journal of Clinical Pathology
3963:10.1136/jclinpath-2019-205822
3574:10.1016/s0966-842x(96)90020-7
3305:10.1128/jvi.72.1.158-163.1998
3106:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
2988:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80493-8
2198:BioMed Research International
2106:Japanese Journal of Radiology
2074:10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.020
2005:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1967:Human gammaherpesvirus 4
551:To enter B cells, viral
405:persists in the individual's
243:Human gammaherpesvirus 4
18:Epstein-barr virus infections
7497:Tropical spastic paraparesis
7402:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
5361:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000384
5040:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001420
4768:Infectious Agents and Cancer
4486:Journal of Molecular Biology
4451:10.1016/j.micinf.2011.07.007
4230:10.1016/j.coviro.2017.07.017
3781:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000547
3381:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.01.023
3263:10.1016/j.coviro.2013.12.001
2771:10.1371/journal.pone.0192109
2711:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000466
2342:10.1016/j.autrev.2011.08.005
2162:(2, Supplement 2): 21S–32S.
1935:Epstein–Barr virus infection
1701:lymphoproliferative diseases
1695:, acute genital ulcers, and
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
617:
411:for the rest of their life.
381:maternal antibody protection
350:systemic lupus erythematosus
334:Alice in Wonderland syndrome
319:human immunodeficiency virus
278:diseases (cancers). Various
8268:Infectious causes of cancer
7860:Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
7780:Human parainfluenza viruses
7453:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
4217:Current Opinion in Virology
3993:Nature Reviews Microbiology
3819:"Microbiome and malignancy"
3514:Seminars in Immunopathology
3418:Seminars in Immunopathology
3249:Current Opinion in Virology
2899:Annals of Internal Medicine
2825:Reviews in Medical Virology
2468:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037505
1674:lymphomatoid granulomatosis
1641:, or rash. Post-infectious
755:and is copied by host-cell
558:binds to cellular receptor
472:and surface projections of
460:, which is surrounded by a
246:, is one of the nine known
8289:
5865:University of Pennsylvania
5804:10.1016/j.chom.2012.06.008
5750:Seminars in Cancer Biology
5492:McGrath P (6 April 2014).
5463:10.1038/d41586-023-00936-y
4657:10.1038/modpathol.2012.176
4638:"Benign lymphadenopathies"
3917:Robertson ES, ed. (2010).
3835:10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.003
3656:10.1016/j.jdsr.2017.01.002
3527:10.1007/s00281-020-00792-2
3430:10.1007/s00281-020-00792-2
2305:10.1016/j.berh.2008.09.007
2260:10.1177/000992280304200702
1877:Epstein–Barr virus vaccine
1811:, a surgeon practicing in
1471:Acute or recent infection
1276:Epstein–Barr virus snoRNA1
1042:. This is known to happen
743:Unlike lytic replication,
478:infection of the host cell
29:
27:Virus of the herpes family
7524:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
7063:
6020:
5961:
5916:
5575:. In Robertson ES (ed.).
5435:Frappier L (April 2023).
5250:Frontiers in Microbiology
5204:10.1007/s12250-016-3868-4
4729:10.3389/fmicb.2021.698169
4715:Frontiers in Microbiology
4650:(Supplement 1): S88–S96.
4499:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.06.034
4210:Scott RS (October 2017).
4005:10.1038/s41579-019-0249-7
3609:10.3109/08830180109045591
3202:10.1038/s41422-020-0363-0
3036:10.3389/fmicb.2021.701611
3022:Frontiers in Microbiology
2657:10.1007/s11481-010-9201-3
2119:10.1007/s11604-008-0291-2
1831:Werner and Gertrude Henle
1740:dementia with Lewy bodies
1725:primary effusion lymphoma
1593:polymerase chain reaction
1315:gene and one set near the
1183:EBNA-2 is the main viral
589:integrins. This triggers
566:molecules. This triggers
539:The EBV replication cycle
476:, which are essential to
393:of the immune system and
260:double-stranded DNA virus
204:
197:
72:
57:
48:
41:
8263:IARC Group 1 carcinogens
8185:Human gammaherpesvirus 4
8114:Human gammaherpesvirus 4
7626:Infectious mononucleosis
7443:Chandipura vesiculovirus
7273:Hepatocellular carcinoma
7218:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
7151:Hepatocellular carcinoma
5838:Zhang S (3 March 2022).
5264:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00556
4939:10.3748/wjg.v20.i21.6448
4835:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01902
4401:10.1186/1471-2164-14-543
3984:Münz C (November 2019).
1965:"ICTV Taxonomy history:
1689:Gianotti–Crosti syndrome
1666:nasopharyngeal carcinoma
1643:chronic fatigue syndrome
1607:Infectious mononucleosis
670:, which forms the viral
315:nasopharyngeal carcinoma
287:infectious mononucleosis
190:Human gammaherpesvirus 4
43:Human gammaherpesvirus 4
7422:Encephalitis lethargica
7123:viral systemic diseases
5791:Cell Host & Microbe
4821:Frontiers in Immunology
4596:10.3389/fonc.2019.00062
4290:10.1073/pnas.85.22.8693
3823:Cell Host & Microbe
3724:10.1073/pnas.0702332104
2607:Cox D (20 March 2022).
2585:10.1126/science.abj8222
2528:10.1126/science.abm7930
1749:It has been found that
1744:multiple system atrophy
1505:Distant past infection
1420:Typical interpretation
514:Human-leukocyte-antigen
338:acute cerebellar ataxia
248:human herpesvirus types
7794:Human orthopneumovirus
7448:Herpesviral meningitis
7409:Arbovirus encephalitis
5719:10.1056/NEJMbkrev39523
5314:10.1098/rstb.2016.0271
4782:10.1186/1750-9378-9-34
3923:Caister Academic Press
3561:Trends in Microbiology
3150:Jia L (17 July 2020).
1945:James Corson Niederman
1799:. In 1961, Epstein, a
1697:oral hairy leukoplakia
1488:Recent past infection
740:
540:
436:is about 122–180
424:
327:central nervous system
7252:Merkel-cell carcinoma
5660:Robertson ES (2005).
5406:10.1212/WNL.55.9.1398
4583:Frontiers in Oncology
4445:(14, 15): 1156–1167.
3483:10.1093/carcin/bgs364
2881:. 28 September 2020.
1805:electron microscopist
1776:tumor suppressor gene
1705:mosquito bite allergy
1454:Acute infection (IM)
1367:viral capsid antigen
1146:Protein/gene/antigen
738:
572:complement receptor 1
538:
446:deoxyribonucleic acid
422:
397:. Once EBV's initial
7897:Adenovirus infection
7361:Human polyomavirus 2
7190:Oropharyngeal cancer
4538:10.1136/jcp.43.8.691
4349:10.1136/jcp.45.7.616
4125:10.1128/JVI.01005-09
3886:10.1128/JVI.00805-13
3119:10.1128/CMR.00044-10
2329:Autoimmunity Reviews
2212:10.1155/2016/8243145
2018:10.1128/CMR.00027-20
1221:LMP-1 is a six-span
708:Ras/MEK/MAPK pathway
428:Structure and genome
354:rheumatoid arthritis
258:in humans. EBV is a
74:Virus classification
32:EBV (disambiguation)
8155:Human herpesvirus 4
7483:Post-polio syndrome
7119:Infectious diseases
5953:Malacoherpesviridae
5871:on 18 January 2019.
5455:2023Natur.616..441F
4281:1988PNAS...85.8693G
4119:(22): 11857–11861.
4112:Journal of Virology
4065:1985Natur.313..812Y
3873:Journal of Virology
3715:2007PNAS..104.7606C
3292:Journal of Virology
2762:2018PLoSO..1392109H
2577:2022Sci...375..296B
2519:2022Sci...375..264R
2384:10.1155/2012/189096
2370:Autoimmune Diseases
2247:Clinical Pediatrics
1885:human herpesviruses
1736:Parkinson's disease
1713:hydroa vacciniforme
1693:erythema multiforme
1416:
1404:gel electrophoresis
1319:cluster. The three
1124:within the genome.
342:autoimmune diseases
240:), formally called
213:Human herpesvirus 4
59:Electron micrograph
8253:Gammaherpesvirinae
8248:Epstein–Barr virus
7616:Epstein–Barr virus
7586:Respiratory system
7223:Burkitt's lymphoma
5701:Epstein–Barr Virus
5663:Epstein–Barr Virus
5577:Epstein–Barr Virus
5308:(1732): 20160271.
2427:Cancer Research UK
2363:Pender MP (2012).
1821:Middlesex Hospital
1817:now bears his name
1763:palindromic repeat
1759:DNA-binding domain
1734:aggregation (e.g.
1681:multiple sclerosis
1670:multiple sclerosis
1658:Hodgkin's lymphoma
1650:Burkitt's lymphoma
1555:. You can help by
1414:
1400:restriction enzyme
1378:alkaline nuclease
1021:memory B cell
741:
660:antigen processing
541:
425:
362:multiple sclerosis
358:Sjögren's syndrome
307:Hodgkin's lymphoma
234:Epstein–Barr virus
208:Epstein–Barr virus
165:Orthoherpesviridae
8258:Betaherpesvirinae
8235:
8234:
8106:Taxon identifiers
8097:
8096:
8059:
8058:
7810:
7809:
7741:Influenza virus A
7658:Human coronavirus
7548:
7547:
7538:Herpes of the eye
7085:
7084:
7059:
7058:
7055:
7054:
6775:Lymphocryptovirus
6748:
6747:
6716:
6715:
6496:
6495:
6195:
6194:
6173:
6172:
6153:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6012:Alloherpesviridae
6005:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5918:Higher taxonomy:
5732:Young LS (2009).
5713:(25): 2708–2709.
5673:978-1-904455-03-5
5586:978-1-904455-03-5
5538:(7335): 702–703.
5449:(7957): 441–442.
5191:Virologica Sinica
5147:(10): 1177–1184.
5110:. 13 April 2022.
5034:(13): 1362–1368.
4989:10.1002/hed.23318
4932:(21): 6448–6456.
4814:Marsh RA (2017).
4275:(22): 8693–8696.
4059:(6005): 812–815.
3932:978-1-904455-62-2
3880:(15): 8606–8623.
3158:(Press release).
2513:(6578): 264–265.
1774:and is home to a
1587:(IgM and IgG) to
1573:
1572:
1538:
1537:
1382:
1381:
1354:membrane antigen
1040:lytic replication
1017:naïve B cell
1009:
1008:
716:adenovirus vector
604:Lytic replication
544:Entry to the cell
531:Replication cycle
452:encoding 85
377:adaptive immunity
323:hairy leukoplakia
285:The virus causes
230:
229:
177:Lymphocryptovirus
16:(Redirected from
8280:
8228:
8227:
8215:
8214:
8202:
8201:
8189:
8188:
8187:
8174:
8173:
8172:
8146:
8145:
8133:
8132:
8131:
8101:
7823:
7818:digestive system
7735:Orthomyxoviridae
7701:SARS coronavirus
7687:MERS coronavirus
7603:
7415:Orthomyxoviridae
7338:
7304:Immune disorders
7228:Hodgkin lymphoma
7204:Kaposi's sarcoma
7112:
7105:
7098:
7089:
7077:
6752:
6746:
6740:
6734:
6729:
6728:
6509:
6199:
6193:
6188:
6187:
6177:
6171:
6166:
6165:
6022:
6018:
5963:
5959:
5906:Taxonomy of the
5900:
5893:
5886:
5877:
5872:
5867:. Archived from
5849:
5826:
5825:
5815:
5781:
5775:
5774:
5744:
5738:
5737:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5612:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5565:
5556:
5555:
5525:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5489:
5483:
5482:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5400:(9): 1398–1401.
5387:
5381:
5380:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5325:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5276:
5266:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5215:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5156:
5130:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5051:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5000:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4951:
4941:
4915:
4909:
4908:
4890:
4864:
4858:
4857:
4847:
4837:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4794:
4784:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4741:
4731:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4659:
4643:Modern Pathology
4633:
4627:
4626:
4616:
4598:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4557:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4462:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4413:
4403:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4360:
4322:
4313:
4312:
4302:
4292:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4241:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4190:
4173:(12): CD011487.
4156:
4147:
4146:
4136:
4102:
4093:
4092:
4073:10.1038/313812a0
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4029:
3990:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3946:
3937:
3936:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3897:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3846:
3817:(October 2011).
3810:
3804:
3803:
3793:
3783:
3757:
3748:
3746:
3736:
3726:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3675:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3538:
3504:
3495:
3494:
3463:
3452:
3451:
3441:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3392:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3344:ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
3336:
3327:
3326:
3316:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3265:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3214:
3204:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3096:
3059:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3012:
3001:
3000:
2990:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2948:on 20 April 2012
2938:
2932:
2931:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2819:
2794:
2793:
2783:
2773:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2722:
2688:
2677:
2676:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2604:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2530:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2479:
2445:
2436:
2435:
2418:
2407:
2406:
2396:
2386:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2224:
2214:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2029:
2012:(4): e00027-20.
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1961:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1568:
1565:
1547:
1540:
1417:
1143:
801:
785:epithelial cells
782:
764:
638:, enhancing the
522:
510:
500:epithelial cells
497:
468:containing both
410:
395:epithelial cells
392:
367:
299:Burkitt lymphoma
293:, and malignant
82:
81:
53:
39:
21:
8288:
8287:
8283:
8282:
8281:
8279:
8278:
8277:
8238:
8237:
8236:
8231:
8223:
8218:
8210:
8205:
8197:
8192:
8183:
8182:
8177:
8168:
8167:
8162:
8149:
8141:
8136:
8127:
8126:
8121:
8108:
8098:
8093:
8055:
8035:
7943:
7917:Gastroenteritis
7875:
7872:Gastroenteritis
7866:
7854:Cytomegalovirus
7817:
7806:
7774:Paramyxoviridae
7763:Avian influenza
7639:
7634:Cytomegalovirus
7598:viral pneumonia
7596:
7593:nasopharyngitis
7592:
7589:
7580:
7544:
7518:Cytomegalovirus
7503:
7457:
7345:
7332:
7325:
7298:
7165:Cervical cancer
7125:
7116:
7086:
7081:
7051:
6976:
6958:
6913:
6888:
6828:
6768:
6742:
6741:
6736:
6735:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6712:
6667:
6637:
6607:
6584:Muromegalovirus
6577:
6514:Cytomegalovirus
6492:
6382:
6292:
6267:
6222:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6145:
6115:
6085:
6050:
5997:
5979:
5946:
5912:
5904:
5859:
5856:
5837:
5834:
5832:Further reading
5829:
5783:
5782:
5778:
5746:
5745:
5741:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5709:(book review).
5698:
5697:
5693:
5683:
5681:
5674:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5614:
5613:
5606:
5596:
5594:
5587:
5567:
5566:
5559:
5527:
5526:
5519:
5509:
5507:
5491:
5490:
5486:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5389:
5388:
5384:
5344:
5343:
5339:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5183:
5182:
5178:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5117:
5115:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5019:
5018:
5014:
4977:Head & Neck
4970:
4969:
4965:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4439:Microbes Infect
4432:
4431:
4427:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4324:
4323:
4316:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4158:
4157:
4150:
4104:
4103:
4096:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4031:
4027:
3999:(11): 691–700.
3988:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3957:(10): 651–658.
3948:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3774:(8): e1000547.
3759:
3758:
3751:
3709:(18): 7606–11.
3694:
3693:
3689:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3465:
3464:
3455:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3338:
3337:
3330:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3195:(10): 873–884.
3180:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3098:
3097:
3062:
3014:
3013:
3004:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2838:10.1002/rmv.456
2821:
2820:
2797:
2756:(2): e0192109.
2741:
2740:
2736:
2690:
2689:
2680:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2606:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2420:
2419:
2410:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2061:Human Pathology
2057:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1925:
1918:
1913:Medicine portal
1911:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1855:
1785:
1755:11th chromosome
1732:alpha-synuclein
1635:enlarged spleen
1624:inflamed throat
1601:
1599:Role in disease
1569:
1563:
1560:
1553:needs expansion
1437:Never infected
1412:
1387:
1385:Subtypes of EBV
1242:tyrosine kinase
1141:
1127:The initiation
1114:
1112:Latent antigens
1106:transplantation
1068:immortalization
1064:
1036:
778:
760:
733:
725:sodium butyrate
636:transactivators
606:
546:
533:
520:
506:
493:
486:
430:
417:
406:
388:
365:
346:dermatomyositis
264:oncogenic virus
193:
76:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8286:
8284:
8276:
8275:
8273:Viral diseases
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8240:
8239:
8233:
8232:
8230:
8229:
8216:
8203:
8190:
8175:
8159:
8157:
8151:
8150:
8148:
8147:
8134:
8118:
8116:
8110:
8109:
8104:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8091:
8090:
8089:
8077:
8069:
8067:
8061:
8060:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8053:
8045:
8043:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8033:
8021:
8009:
7997:
7985:
7978:
7972:
7971:
7959:
7953:
7951:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7941:
7934:
7927:
7920:
7908:
7902:
7901:
7900:
7899:
7887:
7881:
7879:
7868:
7867:
7865:
7864:
7863:
7862:
7850:
7849:
7848:
7835:
7833:
7820:
7812:
7811:
7808:
7807:
7805:
7804:
7797:
7790:
7789:
7788:
7768:
7767:
7766:
7765:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7697:
7696:
7695:
7683:
7682:
7681:
7649:
7647:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7637:
7630:
7629:
7628:
7611:
7609:
7600:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7578:
7577:
7576:
7571:
7558:
7556:
7554:Cardiovascular
7550:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7542:
7541:
7540:
7528:
7527:
7526:
7513:
7511:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7501:
7500:
7499:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7467:
7465:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7439:
7438:
7426:
7425:
7424:
7411:
7406:
7405:
7404:
7392:
7391:
7390:
7378:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7369:
7357:
7351:
7349:
7335:
7333:nervous system
7327:
7326:
7324:
7323:
7322:
7321:
7308:
7306:
7300:
7299:
7297:
7296:
7295:
7294:
7282:
7281:
7280:
7275:
7263:
7257:
7256:
7255:
7254:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7208:
7207:
7206:
7194:
7193:
7192:
7187:
7185:Vaginal cancer
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7141:
7135:
7133:
7127:
7126:
7117:
7115:
7114:
7107:
7100:
7092:
7083:
7082:
7064:
7061:
7060:
7057:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6988:
6986:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6970:
6968:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6925:
6923:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6911:
6906:
6900:
6898:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6840:
6838:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6780:
6778:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6766:
6762:
6760:
6749:
6718:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6679:
6677:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6649:
6647:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6619:
6617:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6589:
6587:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6519:
6517:
6506:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6394:
6392:
6389:Varicellovirus
6384:
6383:
6381:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6304:
6302:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6279:
6277:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6234:
6232:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6209:
6207:
6196:
6174:
6155:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6127:
6125:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6097:
6095:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6062:
6060:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6032:
6030:
6015:
6007:
6006:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5989:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5973:
5971:
5956:
5948:
5947:
5939:Herviviricetes
5927:Heunggongvirae
5917:
5914:
5913:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5880:
5874:
5873:
5855:
5854:External links
5852:
5851:
5850:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5798:(2): 233–245.
5776:
5757:(6): 409–415.
5739:
5724:
5691:
5672:
5652:
5604:
5585:
5557:
5517:
5484:
5427:
5382:
5355:(4): 365–370.
5337:
5288:
5235:
5198:(6): 517–520.
5176:
5125:
5093:
5082:(4): 111–116.
5063:
5012:
4983:(4): 511–516.
4963:
4910:
4881:(3): 267–281.
4859:
4806:
4753:
4700:
4671:
4628:
4569:
4532:(8): 691–693.
4512:
4493:(4): 717–728.
4474:
4425:
4372:
4343:(7): 616–620.
4314:
4253:
4202:
4148:
4094:
4041:
3976:
3938:
3931:
3909:
3858:
3829:(4): 324–335.
3805:
3767:PLOS Pathogens
3749:
3687:
3630:
3603:(6): 805–835.
3587:
3568:(5): 204–208.
3550:
3521:(2): 131–142.
3496:
3477:(3): 627–637.
3470:Carcinogenesis
3453:
3424:(2): 131–142.
3404:
3353:
3328:
3299:(1): 158–163.
3277:
3234:
3173:
3142:
3113:(1): 193–209.
3060:
3002:
2981:(2): 173–179.
2959:
2933:
2888:
2859:
2832:(3): 149–156.
2795:
2734:
2678:
2651:(3): 271–277.
2630:
2550:
2491:
2462:(8): e037505.
2437:
2408:
2355:
2318:
2299:(5): 883–896.
2281:
2254:(7): 581–584.
2236:
2183:
2140:
2095:
2050:
2041:
1990:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1927:Viruses portal
1916:
1900:
1897:
1854:
1851:
1837:who developed
1784:
1781:
1662:stomach cancer
1612:
1611:
1600:
1597:
1571:
1570:
1550:
1548:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1411:
1408:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1341:early antigen
1339:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1185:transactivator
1181:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1113:
1110:
1081:lymphoblastoid
1063:
1060:
1035:
1032:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
970:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
933:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
896:
895:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
859:
858:
853:
847:
841:
836:
833:
827:
821:
815:
810:
805:
804:Gene Expressed
762:memory B cells
757:DNA polymerase
732:
729:
690:dose-dependent
629:DNA polymerase
605:
602:
545:
542:
532:
529:
485:
482:
442:a double helix
429:
426:
416:
413:
408:memory B cells
311:gastric cancer
228:
227:
226:
225:
220:
215:
210:
202:
201:
195:
194:
187:
185:
181:
180:
173:
169:
168:
161:
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:
141:Herviviricetes
137:
133:
132:
125:
121:
120:
117:Heunggongvirae
113:
109:
108:
101:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
70:
69:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8285:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8245:
8243:
8226:
8221:
8217:
8213:
8208:
8204:
8200:
8195:
8191:
8186:
8180:
8176:
8171:
8165:
8161:
8160:
8158:
8156:
8152:
8144:
8139:
8135:
8130:
8124:
8120:
8119:
8117:
8115:
8111:
8107:
8102:
8088:
8085:
8084:
8083:
8082:
8078:
8076:
8075:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8066:
8062:
8052:
8051:
8047:
8046:
8044:
8042:
8038:
8031:
8027:
8026:
8022:
8019:
8015:
8014:
8010:
8007:
8003:
8002:
7998:
7995:
7991:
7990:
7986:
7984:
7983:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7973:
7969:
7965:
7964:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7954:
7952:
7950:
7946:
7940:
7939:
7935:
7933:
7932:
7928:
7926:
7925:
7921:
7918:
7914:
7913:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7898:
7895:
7894:
7893:
7892:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7882:
7880:
7878:
7873:
7869:
7861:
7858:
7857:
7856:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7844:
7843:
7842:
7841:
7837:
7836:
7834:
7832:
7828:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7813:
7803:
7802:
7798:
7796:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7786:Parainfluenza
7784:
7783:
7782:
7781:
7776:
7775:
7770:
7769:
7764:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7755:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7742:
7737:
7736:
7731:
7728:
7727:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7717:
7716:
7712:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7703:
7702:
7698:
7694:
7691:
7690:
7689:
7688:
7684:
7680:
7677:
7676:
7675:
7674:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7659:
7654:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7646:
7642:
7636:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7623:
7622:EBV infection
7620:
7619:
7618:
7617:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7608:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7594:
7587:
7583:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7565:
7564:
7560:
7559:
7557:
7555:
7551:
7539:
7536:
7535:
7534:
7533:
7529:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7520:
7519:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7510:
7506:
7498:
7495:
7494:
7493:
7492:
7488:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7478:Poliomyelitis
7476:
7475:
7474:
7473:
7469:
7468:
7466:
7464:
7460:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7437:
7434:
7433:
7432:
7431:
7427:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7403:
7400:
7399:
7398:
7397:
7393:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7384:
7383:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7363:
7362:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7348:
7343:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7328:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7315:
7314:
7310:
7309:
7307:
7305:
7301:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7287:
7283:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7270:
7269:
7268:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7248:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7209:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7180:Vulvar cancer
7178:
7176:
7175:Penile cancer
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7162:
7161:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7149:
7148:
7147:
7146:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7113:
7108:
7106:
7101:
7099:
7094:
7093:
7090:
7080:
7076:
7071:
7067:
7062:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6985:
6984:
6979:
6972:
6971:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6961:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6916:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6891:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6837:
6836:
6831:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6781:
6779:
6777:
6776:
6771:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6753:
6750:
6745:
6739:
6733:
6725:
6724:
6719:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6670:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6640:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6615:
6614:Proboscivirus
6610:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6585:
6580:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6504:
6499:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6300:
6295:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6270:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6230:
6225:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6200:
6197:
6192:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6175:
6170:
6162:
6161:
6160:Herpesviridae
6156:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6118:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6092:Ictalurivirus
6088:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6059:
6058:
6053:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6028:
6027:Batrachovirus
6023:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6008:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5964:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5949:
5945:
5944:Herpesvirales
5941:
5940:
5935:
5934:
5933:Peploviricota
5929:
5928:
5923:
5922:
5921:Duplodnaviria
5915:
5911:
5910:
5909:Herpesvirales
5901:
5896:
5894:
5889:
5887:
5882:
5881:
5878:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5857:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5823:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5792:
5787:
5780:
5777:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5751:
5743:
5740:
5735:
5728:
5725:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5707:
5702:
5695:
5692:
5679:
5675:
5669:
5665:
5664:
5656:
5653:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5611:
5609:
5605:
5592:
5588:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5488:
5485:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5431:
5428:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5386:
5383:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5349:
5341:
5338:
5333:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5292:
5289:
5284:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5239:
5236:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5192:
5187:
5180:
5177:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5129:
5126:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5097:
5094:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5076:
5067:
5064:
5059:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5016:
5013:
5008:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4967:
4964:
4959:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4914:
4911:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4863:
4860:
4855:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4810:
4807:
4802:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4757:
4754:
4749:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4704:
4701:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4683:
4675:
4672:
4667:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4632:
4629:
4624:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4573:
4570:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4516:
4513:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4478:
4475:
4470:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4429:
4426:
4421:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4376:
4373:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4330:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4257:
4254:
4249:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4206:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4045:
4042:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3977:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3951:J Clin Pathol
3945:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3913:
3910:
3905:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3862:
3859:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3806:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3691:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3650:(3): 95–109.
3649:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3631:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3588:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3554:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3405:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3375:(2): 371–85.
3374:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3357:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3281:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3188:Cell Research
3184:
3177:
3174:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2963:
2960:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2892:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2738:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2495:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2359:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2322:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:D. P. Burkitt
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1639:swollen liver
1636:
1633:in the neck,
1632:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1567:
1558:
1554:
1551:This section
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:transmembrane
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1199:latent+lytic
1198:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1180:latent+lytic
1179:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1164:latent+lytic
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1139:Protein/genes
1138:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1012:
975:
972:
971:
938:
935:
934:
901:
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
803:
802:
799:
797:
793:
788:
786:
781:
776:
772:
769:and cellular
768:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
737:
730:
728:
726:
722:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
603:
601:
599:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:
549:
543:
537:
530:
528:
526:
518:
517:class II
515:
509:
503:
501:
496:
491:
490:viral tropism
483:
481:
479:
475:
474:glycoproteins
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
427:
421:
414:
412:
409:
404:
400:
396:
391:
385:
382:
378:
374:
369:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
344:, especially
343:
339:
335:
331:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
272:mononucleosis
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:herpes family
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
203:
200:
196:
192:
191:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
167:
166:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:
153:Herpesvirales
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
129:Peploviricota
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
114:
111:
110:
107:
106:
105:Duplodnaviria
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
80:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
8154:
8113:
8079:
8072:
8048:
8041:Pancreatitis
8023:
8011:
7999:
7987:
7980:
7961:
7936:
7929:
7922:
7910:
7889:
7852:
7838:
7799:
7792:
7778:
7772:
7739:
7733:
7713:
7699:
7685:
7656:
7632:
7615:
7614:
7569:Pericarditis
7561:
7530:
7516:
7489:
7470:
7428:
7413:
7394:
7380:
7359:
7342:Encephalitis
7311:
7284:
7265:
7244:
7211:
7210:
7196:
7157:
7143:
6983:Rhadinovirus
6981:
6963:
6918:
6895:Manticavirus
6893:
6833:
6773:
6755:
6721:
6674:Roseolovirus
6672:
6642:
6612:
6582:
6512:
6501:
6387:
6299:Simplexvirus
6297:
6272:
6227:
6202:
6180:
6158:
6122:Salmonivirus
6120:
6090:
6057:Cyprinivirus
6055:
6025:
6010:
5984:
5966:
5951:
5943:
5937:
5931:
5925:
5919:
5907:
5869:the original
5845:The Atlantic
5843:
5795:
5789:
5779:
5754:
5748:
5742:
5733:
5727:
5710:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5682:. Retrieved
5662:
5655:
5622:
5616:
5597:18 September
5595:. Retrieved
5576:
5535:
5529:
5508:. Retrieved
5497:
5487:
5446:
5440:
5430:
5397:
5391:
5385:
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5340:
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5301:
5291:
5254:
5248:
5238:
5195:
5189:
5179:
5144:
5138:
5128:
5116:. Retrieved
5105:
5096:
5079:
5073:
5066:
5031:
5025:
5015:
4980:
4976:
4966:
4929:
4923:
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4582:
4572:
4529:
4525:
4515:
4490:
4484:
4477:
4442:
4438:
4428:
4391:
4387:BMC Genomics
4385:
4375:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4272:
4266:
4256:
4221:
4215:
4205:
4170:
4164:
4116:
4110:
4056:
4050:
4044:
4032:. Retrieved
3996:
3992:
3979:
3954:
3950:
3918:
3912:
3877:
3871:
3861:
3826:
3822:
3813:Plottel CS,
3808:
3771:
3765:
3706:
3700:
3690:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3565:
3559:
3553:
3518:
3512:
3474:
3468:
3421:
3417:
3407:
3372:
3368:Cell Reports
3366:
3356:
3343:
3296:
3290:
3280:
3253:
3247:
3237:
3192:
3186:
3176:
3164:. Retrieved
3155:
3145:
3110:
3104:
3026:
3020:
2978:
2972:
2962:
2950:. Retrieved
2946:the original
2936:
2906:(1): 45–58.
2903:
2897:
2891:
2829:
2823:
2753:
2747:
2737:
2702:
2696:
2648:
2642:
2621:. Retrieved
2613:The Observer
2612:
2568:
2562:
2510:
2504:
2494:
2459:
2453:
2425:
2374:
2368:
2358:
2336:(2): 88–97.
2333:
2327:
2321:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2202:
2196:
2186:
2159:
2153:
2143:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2044:
2009:
2003:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1972:
1966:
1959:
1893:side effects
1889:valaciclovir
1882:
1874:
1859:
1856:
1824:
1789:M.A. Epstein
1786:
1748:
1729:
1686:
1678:
1647:
1613:
1604:
1578:
1574:
1561:
1557:adding to it
1552:
1388:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1284:
1265:
1249:
1230:
1211:
1192:
1173:
1157:
1152:Description
1132:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1085:
1074:
1072:
1065:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1034:Reactivation
1028:
1025:
1013:
1010:
973:
936:
899:
789:
749:cell nucleus
742:
701:
697:
693:
676:
655:
647:
633:
626:
607:
598:cell nucleus
595:
576:
564:MHC class II
553:glycoprotein
550:
547:
521:HLA class II
504:
487:
458:nucleocapsid
431:
387:EBV infects
386:
370:
291:premalignant
284:
242:
241:
237:
233:
231:
222:
217:
212:
207:
189:
188:
176:
164:
152:
140:
128:
116:
104:
97:
87:(unranked):
42:
36:
8179:Wikispecies
7938:Coronavirus
7679:Common cold
7591:acute viral
7574:Myocarditis
7418:(probable)
7170:Anal cancer
7079:Wikispecies
6965:Patagivirus
5986:Ostreavirus
5625:: 326–331.
5075:Pathologica
4689:: 126–146.
2952:29 December
2705:(4): e466.
2205:: 8243145.
2113:(1): 4–19.
1883:Like other
1847:immortalize
1839:serological
1803:and expert
1801:pathologist
1797:Bert Achong
1793:Yvonne Barr
1707:reactions,
1631:lymph nodes
1244:signaling.
1102:bone marrow
974:Latency III
767:methylation
622:viral entry
610:lytic cycle
8242:Categories
8065:Urogenital
7931:Astrovirus
7891:Adenovirus
7715:SARS-CoV-2
7472:Poliovirus
7347:meningitis
7066:Unassigned
6920:Percavirus
6757:Bossavirus
6274:Scutavirus
6229:Mardivirus
5569:Epstein MA
5510:4 November
5496:. Health.
4722:: 698169.
3029:: 701611.
2377:: 189096.
1983:10 January
1952:References
1864:is to use
1843:antibodies
1826:The Lancet
1585:Antibodies
1564:March 2022
1286:ebv-sisRNA
937:Latency II
794:and viral
682:polyphenol
640:expression
450:base pairs
8129:Q24808752
7976:RNA virus
7957:DNA virus
7949:Hepatitis
7924:Norovirus
7912:Rotavirus
7906:RNA virus
7885:DNA virus
7831:Esophagus
7759:Influenza
7645:RNA virus
7607:DNA virus
7376:RNA virus
7355:DNA virus
7261:RNA virus
7139:DNA virus
7131:Oncovirus
6835:Macavirus
6644:Quwivirus
6204:Iltovirus
5968:Aurivirus
5479:258110880
5393:Neurology
5027:Neurology
4775:(1): 34.
4605:2234-943X
4546:0021-9746
4224:: 74–80.
4021:201713873
3815:Blaser MJ
3664:1882-7616
3617:0883-0185
3256:: 78–84.
3229:220309464
3166:4 October
2698:Neurology
2601:245983763
2545:245978874
2068:: 18–41.
1605:See also
1583:(ELISA).
1410:Detection
1267:v-snoRNA1
1206:protein.
900:Latency I
775:expressed
771:chromatin
686:green tea
579:integrins
508:gHgL gp42
488:The term
330:lymphomas
276:malignant
184:Species:
112:Kingdom:
8212:11460002
8199:46699929
8164:Wikidata
8123:Wikidata
8074:BK virus
7877:diarrhea
7721:COVID-19
7463:Myelitis
6658:MschBHV1
5822:22901543
5771:18938248
5678:Archived
5647:30025994
5591:Archived
5571:(2005).
5552:14107961
5504:Archived
5499:BBC News
5471:37045952
5422:84387269
5414:11087792
5369:28399009
5332:28893938
5283:26113842
5222:27900557
5171:30557756
5163:24073903
5118:29 April
5112:Archived
5107:BBC News
5088:24466760
5058:25740864
5007:23780921
4958:24914366
4897:15086409
4854:29358936
4828:: 1902.
4801:25364378
4748:34248921
4666:23281438
4623:30809508
4507:19538972
4469:21835261
4420:23937650
4248:28780440
4197:27933614
4143:19740997
4034:19 April
4025:Archived
4013:31477887
3971:31315893
3904:23720728
3853:22018233
3800:19680535
3743:17446270
3682:28725300
3625:11913951
3545:32232535
3491:23180656
3448:32232535
3399:23416052
3348:Archived
3272:24553068
3221:32620850
3160:Archived
3156:phys.org
3137:21233512
3055:34239514
2974:Immunity
2928:53090545
2883:Archived
2854:19433994
2846:15546128
2790:29394264
2749:PLoS One
2729:29892607
2673:24409610
2665:20369303
2623:20 March
2617:Archived
2593:35025605
2537:35025606
2486:32868361
2455:BMJ Open
2432:Archived
2403:22312480
2350:21871974
2313:19028369
2276:22942874
2268:14552515
2231:28116304
2178:12656429
2127:19373526
2090:47010934
2082:29885408
2036:32847820
1977:Archived
1899:See also
1861:in vitro
1853:Research
1772:leukemia
1589:proteins
1426:VCA-IgM
1423:VCA-IgG
1091:immunity
1076:in vitro
1050:In vitro
792:proteins
694:Zta, Rta
466:envelope
462:tegument
415:Virology
321:such as
297:such as
199:Synonyms
160:Family:
124:Phylum:
67:envelope
7827:Pharynx
7331:Central
6944:MusHV-1
6904:PhaHV-1
6789:CeHV-14
6784:CalHV-3
6263:SpAHV-1
6131:SalHV-1
6101:AciHV-2
6066:AngHV-1
5813:3424516
5639:6261650
5451:Bibcode
5377:4514140
5323:5597738
5274:4462103
5257:: 556.
5230:7996104
5213:8193400
5049:4388746
4998:4656191
4949:4047330
4905:2355660
4845:5766650
4792:4216353
4739:8260991
4695:2855828
4614:6379266
4564:2169485
4460:4911174
4411:3751371
4394:: 543.
4367:1325480
4329:in situ
4309:2847171
4277:Bibcode
4239:5742862
4188:6463965
4134:2772668
4089:4334367
4081:2983224
4061:Bibcode
3895:3719826
3844:3264051
3791:2718842
3734:1863443
3711:Bibcode
3673:5501733
3582:8727601
3536:7174264
3439:7174264
3390:3633082
3323:9420211
3212:7608217
3128:3021204
3046:8258399
2997:8769480
2920:8380053
2781:5796799
2758:Bibcode
2720:5994704
2573:Bibcode
2564:Science
2515:Bibcode
2506:Science
2477:7462312
2394:3270541
2222:5223006
2169:2568277
2135:6970917
2027:7462738
1833:at the
1783:History
1768:mitosis
1628:swollen
1616:fatigue
1372:EBV-AN
1360:EBV-VCA
1308:latent
1291:latent
1272:latent
1256:latent
1237:latent
1218:latent
1055:in vivo
1045:in vivo
889:Protein
886:Protein
883:Protein
880:Protein
877:Protein
874:Protein
871:Protein
868:Protein
865:Protein
862:Product
835:EBNA-LP
780:B cells
753:episome
745:latency
731:Latency
618:latency
614:virions
495:B cells
484:Tropism
403:latency
390:B cells
366:32-fold
280:vaccine
256:viruses
250:in the
172:Genus:
148:Order:
136:Class:
63:capsids
7491:HTLV-I
7436:Rabies
7286:HTLV-I
7047:SaHV-2
7037:MuHV-4
7017:McHV-5
7007:CrHV-2
7002:BoHV-4
6992:AtHV-2
6973:VeHV-3
6954:VeHV-1
6949:PhHV-3
6939:FeHV-1
6909:VoHV-1
6874:SuHV-3
6869:OvHV-2
6864:HiHV-1
6859:CpHV-2
6854:BoHV-6
6844:AlHV-1
6824:PoHV-2
6819:PaHV-1
6814:PnHV-1
6804:McHV-4
6794:GoHV-1
6765:DeHV-1
6744:SgHV-1
6738:PhHV-2
6708:SuHV-2
6703:MuHV-3
6698:McHV-9
6683:HHV-6A
6663:TuHV-1
6653:CaHV-2
6623:ElHV-1
6593:MuHV-1
6573:SaHV-4
6563:PaHV-3
6558:PnHV-2
6553:MnHV-1
6543:McHV-3
6533:CeHV-5
6528:CbHV-1
6523:AoHV-1
6488:SuHV-1
6483:PhHV-1
6478:MoHV-1
6468:FeHV-1
6428:CvHV-1
6423:CeHV-9
6418:CpHV-1
6413:CaHV-1
6408:BuHV-1
6398:BoHV-1
6378:SaHV-1
6373:PtHV-1
6368:PaHV-2
6363:PnHV-3
6353:MaHV-1
6338:McHV-1
6333:LeHV-4
6318:CeHV-2
6313:BoHV-2
6308:AtHV-1
6288:TeHV-3
6283:ChHV-5
6258:MeHV-1
6248:GaHV-2
6243:CoHV-1
6238:AnHV-1
6218:PsHV-1
6213:GaHV-1
6191:ChHV-6
6169:IgHV-2
6106:IcHV-1
6071:CyHV-1
6036:RaHV-1
5994:OsHV-1
5976:AbHV-1
5820:
5810:
5769:
5684:3 June
5670:
5645:
5637:
5583:
5550:
5531:Lancet
5477:
5469:
5442:Nature
5420:
5412:
5375:
5367:
5330:
5320:
5281:
5271:
5228:
5220:
5210:
5169:
5161:
5086:
5056:
5046:
5005:
4995:
4956:
4946:
4903:
4895:
4852:
4842:
4799:
4789:
4746:
4736:
4693:
4664:
4621:
4611:
4603:
4589:: 62.
4562:
4555:502656
4552:
4544:
4505:
4467:
4457:
4418:
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4365:
4358:495191
4355:
4307:
4300:282526
4297:
4246:
4236:
4195:
4185:
4141:
4131:
4087:
4079:
4052:Nature
4019:
4011:
3969:
3929:
3902:
3892:
3851:
3841:
3798:
3788:
3741:
3731:
3680:
3670:
3662:
3623:
3615:
3580:
3543:
3533:
3489:
3446:
3436:
3397:
3387:
3321:
3314:109360
3311:
3270:
3227:
3219:
3209:
3135:
3125:
3053:
3043:
2995:
2926:
2918:
2852:
2844:
2788:
2778:
2727:
2717:
2671:
2663:
2599:
2591:
2543:
2535:
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2474:
2401:
2391:
2348:
2311:
2274:
2266:
2229:
2219:
2176:
2166:
2133:
2125:
2088:
2080:
2034:
2024:
1813:Uganda
1791:, and
1742:, and
1723:, and
1711:, and
1672:, and
1396:Africa
1391:EBNA-3
1375:lytic
1364:lytic
1351:lytic
1347:EBV-MA
1338:lytic
1334:EBV-EA
1304:miRNAs
1204:RBP-Jκ
1194:EBNA-3
1175:EBNA-2
1159:EBNA-1
1149:Stage
1118:genome
893:ncRNAs
830:EBNA-3
824:EBNA-3
818:EBNA-3
813:EBNA-2
808:EBNA-1
751:as an
703:EBNA-1
672:capsid
650:) and
591:fusion
568:fusion
470:lipids
373:saliva
356:, and
305:, and
268:cancer
8225:10376
8207:IRMNG
8170:Q6900
8143:3MT82
8087:Mumps
7846:Mumps
7816:Human
7246:MCPyV
7012:HHV-8
6929:EHV-2
6799:HHV-4
6732:EHV-7
6538:HHV-5
6473:HHV-3
6443:EHV-1
6323:HHV-1
5942:>
5936:>
5930:>
5924:>
5643:S2CID
5475:S2CID
5418:S2CID
5373:S2CID
5226:S2CID
5167:S2CID
4901:S2CID
4085:S2CID
4028:(PDF)
4017:S2CID
3989:(PDF)
3225:S2CID
2924:S2CID
2877:. US
2850:S2CID
2669:S2CID
2597:S2CID
2541:S2CID
2272:S2CID
2131:S2CID
2086:S2CID
1751:EBNA1
1620:fever
1432:EBNA
1321:BHRF1
1317:BHRF1
1296:EBERs
1232:LMP-2
1213:LMP-1
1129:codon
850:LMP-2
844:LMP-2
712:PI3-K
664:BNLF2
652:BRLF1
648:ZEBRA
644:BZLF1
556:gp350
454:genes
434:virus
399:lytic
218:HHV-4
98:Realm
91:Virus
8220:NCBI
7801:hMPV
7673:OC43
7669:HKU1
7665:NL63
7661:229E
7319:AIDS
7198:KSHV
7070:ICTV
5818:PMID
5767:PMID
5686:2012
5668:ISBN
5635:PMID
5599:2010
5581:ISBN
5548:PMID
5512:2015
5467:PMID
5410:PMID
5365:PMID
5328:PMID
5279:PMID
5218:PMID
5159:PMID
5120:2022
5084:PMID
5054:PMID
5003:PMID
4954:PMID
4893:PMID
4850:PMID
4797:PMID
4744:PMID
4691:PMID
4662:PMID
4619:PMID
4601:ISSN
4560:PMID
4542:ISSN
4503:PMID
4465:PMID
4416:PMID
4363:PMID
4305:PMID
4244:PMID
4193:PMID
4171:2016
4139:PMID
4077:PMID
4036:2023
4009:PMID
3967:PMID
3927:ISBN
3900:PMID
3849:PMID
3796:PMID
3739:PMID
3678:PMID
3660:ISSN
3621:PMID
3613:ISSN
3578:PMID
3541:PMID
3487:PMID
3444:PMID
3395:PMID
3319:PMID
3268:PMID
3217:PMID
3168:2020
3133:PMID
3051:PMID
2993:PMID
2954:2011
2916:PMID
2842:PMID
2786:PMID
2725:PMID
2661:PMID
2625:2022
2589:PMID
2533:PMID
2482:PMID
2399:PMID
2375:2012
2346:PMID
2309:PMID
2264:PMID
2227:PMID
2203:2016
2174:PMID
2123:PMID
2078:PMID
2032:PMID
1985:2019
1534:+/−
1497:+/−
1483:+/−
1477:+/−
1463:+/−
1325:BART
1313:BART
1251:EBER
856:EBER
839:LMP1
796:RNAs
783:and
680:, a
678:EGCG
608:The
587:αvβ8
583:αvβ6
560:CD21
525:gp42
498:and
432:The
336:and
325:and
313:and
232:The
8194:EoL
8138:CoL
8081:MuV
8050:CBV
8025:HEV
8013:HDV
8001:HCV
7989:HAV
7982:CBV
7963:HBV
7840:MuV
7771:V,
7563:CBV
7532:HSV
7509:Eye
7396:LCV
7382:MeV
7313:HIV
7267:HCV
7212:EBV
7159:HPV
7145:HBV
7072:––
5808:PMC
5800:doi
5759:doi
5715:doi
5711:355
5703:".
5627:doi
5623:354
5540:doi
5459:doi
5447:616
5402:doi
5357:doi
5318:PMC
5310:doi
5306:372
5269:PMC
5259:doi
5208:PMC
5200:doi
5149:doi
5080:105
5044:PMC
5036:doi
4993:PMC
4985:doi
4944:PMC
4934:doi
4883:doi
4879:125
4840:PMC
4830:doi
4787:PMC
4777:doi
4734:PMC
4724:doi
4652:doi
4609:PMC
4591:doi
4550:PMC
4534:doi
4495:doi
4491:391
4455:PMC
4447:doi
4406:PMC
4396:doi
4353:PMC
4345:doi
4295:PMC
4285:doi
4234:PMC
4226:doi
4183:PMC
4175:doi
4129:PMC
4121:doi
4069:doi
4057:313
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