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813:. Stock screens allow the user to input specific parameters, based on technical and/or fundamental conditions, that he or she deems desirable. Primary benefit associated with stock screens is its ability to return a small group of stocks for further analysis, among tens of thousands, that fit the requirements requested. There is criticism on the validity of using these technical indicators in analysis, and many professional stock speculators do not use them. Many full-time stock speculators and stock investors, as well as most other people in finance, traditionally have a formal education and training in fields such as
1059:(ETFs), financial products that mimic the performance of an index (i.e. either upward or downward). As they are easy to use, they facilitate portfolio diversification through the acquisition of contracts backed by a stock index or industry (e.g. commodities). The two traders were very familiar to control procedures. They worked in the back office, the administrative body of the bank that controls the regularity of operations, before moving to trading. According to the report of the Inspector General of Societe Generale, in 2005 and 2006 Kerviel "led" by taking 100 to 150 million-euro positions on the shares of
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unethical and unfair implementation of that strategy, which permitted some investors to engage in it while excluding others. All of the world's greatest investors rely, to some extent, on market timing for their success. Whether they base their buy-sell decisions on fundamental analysis of the markets, technical analysis of individual companies, personal intuition, or all of the above, the ultimate reason for their success involves making the right trades at the right time. In most cases, those decisions involve extended periods of time and are based on buy-and-hold investment strategies.
753:
1169:, who made his fortune trading in time horizons ranging from 30 minutes to 30 days, claimed to take a long-term perspective on his investment decisions. From an economic perspective, many professional money managers and financial advisors shy away from day trading, arguing that the reward simply does not justify the risk. Attempting to make a profit is the reason investors invest, and buy low and sell high is the general goal of most investors (although short-selling and arbitrage take a different approach, the success or failure of these strategies still depends on timing).
1259:
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938:. The basic idea that relates fractals to financial markets is that the probability of experiencing extreme fluctuations (like the ones triggered by herd behavior) is greater than what conventional wisdom wants us to believe. This of course delivers a more accurate vision of risk in the world of finance. The central objective in financial markets is to maximize income for a given level of risk. Standard models for this are based on the premise that the probability of extreme variations of asset prices is very low.
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744:. This fits in with research on the long term effects of the stock market on a person's mental health. Seasoned, experienced stock traders and investors generally achieve a level of psychological resilience able to deal with these detrimental factors in the long run or otherwise risk continuous suffering from some type of mental health issue during the course of their careers or financial activities which are dependent on the stock market.
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Instead, the data showed a great frequency of extreme variations. Second, price variations followed patterns that were indifferent to scale: the curve described by price changes for a single day was similar to a month's curve. Surprisingly, these patterns of self-similarity were present during the entire period from 1900 to 1960, a violent epoch that had seen a Great
Depression and two world wars. Mandelbrot used his
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approach to investment, therefore, cannot be successful. This "random walk" of prices, commonly spoken about in the EMH school of thought, results in the failure of any investment strategy that aims to beat the market consistently. In fact, the EMH suggests that given the transaction costs involved in portfolio management, it would be more profitable for an investor to put his or her money into an index fund.
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714:. In the United States, for example, stock gains are generally taxed at two levels: For long-term capital gains (stocks sold after a minimum of one year's ownership, the tax rate currently (2024) is 20%. For short-term trades (stocks bought and sold within a 12-month period, capital gains are taxed at one's ordinary tax rate (e.g., 28%, 30%, 35%). Beyond these costs are the
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consideration. There are many traders who jumped into the trading process because of regret and finally finding themselves losing more money in the process. In order to manage the cross-current of these conflicting emotions, it may be useful to develop a trading or investing discipline that relies on more objective measures on which to base buying and selling decisions.
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1319:, and that the potential gains made are usually diluted by the heavy cost structure associated with security selection - number of transactions - resulting in a below-average return. Based on this principle, he designed the first index fund, allowing his investors to access the entire market in a simple, comprehensive way and at extremely competitive costs.
1280:(whose net worth peaked in November 2021 at $ 340 billion and then plunged to $ 137 million after Tesla shares have plummeted 65% in 2022; a Guinness World Record) in the following years. These wild changes on the net worth of big stock owners are expectable in the long term and are the end result of the
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One popular example is to base trading decisions on the trend direction of a stock's price action. There are basically three directions a stock can trend in: up, down, and level or flat. These trends are determined by using certain technical indicators such as candlesticks, moving averages, bollinger
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trading that cast market timing in a negative light occurred because the prospectuses written by the mutual fund companies strictly forbid short-term trading. Despite this prohibition, special clients were allowed to do it anyway. So, the problem was not with the trading strategy but rather with the
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is a clear example, as the strategy is based on buying stocks that trade for less than their intrinsic values and selling them when their value is recognized in the marketplace. Most value investors are known for their patience, as undervalued stocks often remain undervalued for significant periods
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Day trading sits at the extreme end of the investing spectrum from conventional buy-and-hold wisdom. It is the ultimate market-timing strategy. While all the attention that day trading attracts seems to suggest that the theory is sound, critics argue that, if that were so, at least one famous money
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analysis to help them in making decisions. They may use several information resources, some of which are strictly technical. Using the pivot points calculated from a previous day's trading, they attempt to predict the buy and sell points of the current day's trading session. These points give a cue
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strikes in. Fear on the other hand is the exact opposite to greed. It is the one that holds back a trader in taking the steps in the trading process. And like greed, it can be both destructive and useful depending on the situation of the market. Regret is another emotion a trader must take careful
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play important roles in the trading process. Greed is defined as excessive desire to accumulate more wealth. It can be both beneficial or destructing depending on how a trader utilize it in different situations. It has positive results in the bull market. The longer a trader stays on the game, the
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Trading psychology is the study of human mindset and how it functions in terms of identity, beliefs and behaviors while actively trading regulated and non-regulated assets. This area of psychology can reveal core human inclinations because trading requires a different mindset for success than our
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Financial fail and unsuccessful stories related with stock trading abound. Every year, a lot of money is wasted in non-peer-reviewed (and largely unregulated) publications and courses attended by credulous people that get persuaded and take the bill, hoping getting rich by trading on the markets.
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ruled out these extreme variations and considered they can only happen every 10,000 years. An obvious conclusion from
Mandelbrot's work is that greater regulation in financial markets is indispensable. Other contributions of his work for the study of stock market behaviour are the creation of new
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analyzed the variations of cotton prices on a time series starting in 1900. There were two important findings. First, price movements had very little to do with a normal distribution in which the bulk of the observations lies close to the mean (68% of the data are within one standard deviation).
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would also be traded on a more fluctuating basis. Stock traders just entering the field suffer since few entry-level positions exist. While entry into this career field is very competitive, increased ownership of stocks and mutual funds drive substantial career growth of traders. Banks were also
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Outside of academia, the controversy surrounding market timing is primarily focused on day trading conducted by individual investors and the mutual fund trading scandals perpetrated by institutional investors in 2003. Media coverage of these issues has been so prevalent that many investors now
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Thus, according to the EMH, no investor has an advantage in predicting a return on a stock price because no one has access to information not already available to everyone else. In efficient markets, prices become not predictable but random, so no investment pattern can be discerned. A planned
1134:, only to sell it at a loss of about €45 million. Tanzi was sentenced to 10 years in prison for fraud relating to the collapse of the dairy group. The other seven defendants, including executives and bankers, were acquitted. Another eight defendants settled out of court in September 2008.
945:) use normal probabilistic distributions to describe price movements. For all practical purposes, extreme variations can be ignored. Mandelbrot thought this was an awful way to look at financial markets. For him, the distribution of price movements is not normal and has the property of
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One study analyzing trades from 2000 to 2016 found elite traders were better than random chance at buying stocks, but worse than random chance when selling, perhaps because they did not track post-sale performance, and spent more time thinking about buying than selling.
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put the total profits in the scheme at over $ 60 million, telling a news conference it was the largest hedge fund insider trading case in United States history. A well publicized accounting fraud of a listed company involved Satyam. On
January 7, 2009, its Chairman
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offering more opportunities for people of average means to invest and speculate in stocks. The BLS reported that stock traders had median annual incomes of $ 68,500. Experienced traders of stocks and mutual funds have the potential to earn more than $ 145,600 annually.
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Some investors choose a blend of technical, fundamental and environmental factors to influence where and when they invest. These strategists reject the 'chance' theory of investing, and attribute their higher level of returns to both insight and discipline.
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became known as one of the most successful and influential stock investors in history. His approach to investing is almost impossible for individual investors to duplicate because he uses leverage and a long-term approach that most people lack the will to
949:, where fat tails abound. This is a more faithful representation of financial markets: the movements of the Dow index for the past hundred years reveals a troubling frequency of violent movements. Still, conventional models used by the time of the
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quickly. In addition, trading activities are not free. Stock speculators/investors face several costs such as commissions, taxes and fees to be paid for the brokerage and other services, like the buying/selling orders placed through a stock broker
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resigned after publicly announcing his involvement in a massive accounting fraud. Ramalinga Raju was sent to the
Hyderabad prison along with his brother and former board member Rama Raju, and the former CFO Vadlamani Srinivas. In Italy,
572:. Traders engage in buying and selling bonds, stocks, futures and shares in hedge funds. A stock trader also conducts extensive research and observation of how financial markets perform. This is accomplished through economic and
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listed in
Germany. Moreover, the "unauthorized trading" of Kweku Adoboli, similar to Kerviel, did not date back a long way. Adoboli had executed operations since October 2008; his failure and subsequent arrest occurred in 2011.
599:(SEC) compliant practices and regulation. Stock traders with experience usually obtain a four-year degree in a financial, accounting or economics field after licensure. Supervisory positions as a trader may usually require an
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in 2008. Italians were shocked that such a vast and established empire could crumble so quickly. When the scandal was made known, the share price of
Parmalat in the Milan Stock Exchange tumbled. Parmalat had sold itself
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in such a distribution (i.e. in a game of chance, they have flipped heads twenty times in a row). When money is put into the stock market, it is done with the aim of generating a return on the capital invested. Many
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1255:. This does not invalidate the well documented true and genuine stories of large successes and consistent profitability of many individual stock investors and stock investing organizations in history.
690:. Depending on the nature of each national or state legislation involved, a large array of fiscal obligations must be respected, and taxes are charged by jurisdictions over those transactions,
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In order to successfully address all the shortcomings, doubts, fallacies, noise and bureaucratic bottlenecks associated with stock investing, like unchecked speculation and fraud as well as
614:(BLS) reported that growth for stock and commodities traders was forecast to be greater than 21% between 2006 and 2016. In that period, stock traders would benefit from trends driven by
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for performing the trade. Proprietary or self-directed traders who use online brokerages (e.g., Fidelity, Interactive
Brokers, Schwab, tastytrade) benefit from commission-free trades.
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These models rely on the assumption that asset price fluctuations are the result of a well-behaved random or stochastic process. This is why mainstream models (such as the famous
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1236:, while generating sizable revenues for unscrupulous authors, advisers and self-titled trading gurus. Most active money managers produce worse returns than an index, such as the
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to speculators, as to where prices will head for the day, prompting each speculator where to enter his trade, and where to exit. An added tool for the stock picker is the use of
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Professional stock traders who work for a financial company are required to complete an internship of up to four months before becoming established in their career field. In the
966:"Inherent Market Turbulence: Markets are described as chaotic with price fluctuations at different time scales, contrary to the conventional view of market stability.
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that fall within their scope. However, these fiscal obligations will vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Among other reasons, there could be some instances where
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661:, a professional who arranges transactions between a buyer and a seller, and gets a guaranteed commission for every deal executed, a professional trader may have a
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Speculation in stocks is a risky and complex undertaking because the direction of the markets are considered generally unpredictable and lack transparency, also
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are traded, and not single stocks or bonds. These types of operations are relatively simple and often reserved for novice traders who also specialize in
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try not only to make a profitable return, but also to outperform, or beat, the market. However, market efficiency, championed in the EMH formulated by
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for the title of most successful stock investor of all time, does not include a single individual that built his or her reputation by day trading.
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and unavoidable changes in asset valuation. Smaller stockholders may experience proportionally equal changes in their stock market-based assets.
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Increased Market Risk: The authors show that markets are riskier than standard theories suggest, with frequent extreme events (“black swans”).
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Throughout the stock markets history, there have been dozens of scandals involving listed companies, stock investing methods and brokerage.
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behaviour and there is no proven technique for trading stocks profitably, the degree of knowledge in those fields is ultimately neglectable.
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Market Memory: Contradicting the efficient market hypothesis, the authors claim that markets have memory, affecting future price movements.
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Mandelbrot delves into several key principles of fractal finance in The
Misbehavior of Markets: A Fractal View of Financial Turbulence:
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aspects that will dictate a trader's decision and is an important factor in determining his success or failure in the trading process.
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and industry specific technical analysis to track asset or corporate performance. Other duties of a stock trader include comparison of
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on which he later built the
Vanguard Group. Bogle felt that it would be virtually impossible for an investor to consistently beat the
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to explain the presence of extreme events in Wall Street. In 2004 he published his book on the "misbehavior" of financial markets
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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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are sometimes unable to adequately detect, prevent and remediate irregularities committed by malicious listed companies or other
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more primitive brain has developed and a mindset that is successful in most other endeavors. This area of study clarifies the
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of 2000 alone, when his SoftBank shares plummeted), but he was surpassed by other billionaire investors and shareholders like
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in 1970, suggests that at any given time, prices fully reflect all available information on a particular stock and/or market.
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873:(EMH) it is unlikely that any amount of analysis can help an investor make any gains above the stock market itself. In the
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This opens the door to widespread promotion of inaccurate and unproven trading methods for stocks, bonds, commodities, or
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through the differing legislation that companies have to comply with in their respective jurisdictions; or that tax free
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was for many years the stock investor-shareholder who had lost the most money in history (more than $ 59bn during the
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Stock traders can trade on their own account, called proprietary trading or self-directed trading, or through an
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542:) by buying and selling a particular company's shares on their own behalf and also on behalf of other clients.
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and accused of conspiring with others in insider trading in several publicly traded companies. U.S. Attorney
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https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-08-11/softbank-earnings-it-s-a-fund-not-a-technology-company
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bands, standard deviation tunnels. These indicators (and others) should be used in different time frames.
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of day trading". The long list of successful investors that have become legends in their own time, where
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1827:"How Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg and the World's 500 Richest Billionaires Lost $ 1.4 Trillion in a Year"
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1938:"Irrational exuberance and neural crash warning signals during endogenous experimental market bubbles"
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Although many companies offer courses in stock picking, and numerous experts report success through
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achieved fame as a stock investor after a successful and very profitable early-stage investment in
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Self-Similarity Across Time Scales: Financial markets exhibit similar patterns at different levels.
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and his ultra-competitive performance based career may be cut short, especially during generalized
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Human
Behavior in Markets: Human emotions and behaviors significantly influence market dynamics."
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and attempting to profit from the purchase and sale of those securities. Stock traders may be an
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claimed to make money for him and others by trading stocks; in fact, it was all fictitious (see
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Smith, Alec; Lohrenz, Terry; King, Justin; Montague, P. Read; Camerer, Colin F. (2014-07-02).
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is the use of graphical and analytical patterns and data to attempt to predict future prices.
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595:-administered Series 63 or 65 exam. Stock traders who pass demonstrate familiarity with
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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1299:(1929 – 2019) became world-renowned for founding the American investment fund manager
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and tourism enterprises were financial disasters; as well as Tanzi's attempt to rival
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https://qz.com/2093749/how-index-funds-humbled-the-financial-masters-of-the-universe
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There's A Way You Can Beat The Best Investors. You've Just Got To Know When To Sell
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out of thin air. After his arrest, Tanzi reportedly admitted during questioning at
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1602:"SEC Charges Billionaire Hedge-Fund Manager with Insider Trading – Dispatch – WSJ"
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1195:. However, a series of failed high-profile investments prompted criticism on him.
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Nonlinearity of Markets: Small changes can lead to large, unpredictable outcomes.
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authorized to buy and sell on the owner's behalf. That agent is referred to as a
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strategies are factors that hamper an efficient, rational, fair and transparent
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1873:"Elon Musk breaks world record for 'worst loss of fortune,' Guinness says"
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greater wealth he can gather. However, it is destructive when suddenly a
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A classical case related to insider trading of listed companies involved
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approaches to evaluate risk and avoid unanticipated financial collapses.
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1673:"First Bitcoin, Now WeWork: Is Masayoshi Son the Worst Investor Ever?"
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The (Mis)behavior of Markets: A Fractal View of Risk, Ruin, and Reward
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The (Mis)behavior of Markets: A Fractal View of Risk, Ruin, and Reward
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manager would have mastered the system and claimed the title of "the
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during his speech at the ceremony when he was made an officer of the
508:. Stock shares in smaller public companies may be bought and sold in
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2009:
669:. Stock market trading operations have a considerably high level of
204:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1570:"Trading tactics: Soc Gen's JĂ©rĂ´me Kerviel and UBS's Kweku Adoboli"
1307:. Bogle studied economics at Princeton University, specializing in
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dismiss market timing as a credible investment strategy. Unexposed
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of investors, many academics believe that the richest are simply
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study; consequently, more advanced stock traders will delve into
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How index funds humbled the financial masters of the universe (
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1852:"Elon Musk becomes first person ever to lose $ 200 billion"
1802:"These tech moguls lost a combined $ 433 billion this year"
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offer stock trading and investing tools to their customers.
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to current and future regulation of his or her occupation.
869:, many economists and academics state that because of the
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consumption expenses—all of which must be accounted for.
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and the subsequent morphing of his own telecom company
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Person or company involved in trading equity securities
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1747:"The biggest and fastest net-worth losses of our time"
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The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life
1075:. On Friday October 16, 2009, he was arrested by the
1699:"The dangerous approach of SoftBank's Masayoshi Son"
1251:. In addition, the financial markets are subject to
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/j/john_bogle.asp
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Schroeder: Days of Easy Money End for Fund Managers
98:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1486:"Stock Trader:Definition: Types, Vs. Stock Broker"
726:, and Internet, data and news agency services and
780:to access the stock market. Since the advent of
788:is commonly used to manage positions. Using the
1942:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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768:Stock speculators and investors usually need a
1655:SoftBank Gives Up Pretending It Isn't a Fund (
1629:. 18 December 2008 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
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921:; here, with a display of the Mandelbrot set.
472:, is a person or company involved in trading
8:
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1295:, excessive risk and costs, stock investor
1047:, worked in the same type of position, the
428:Courtyard of the Amsterdam Stock Exchange (
61:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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2018:
2010:
800:, stock speculators/investors make use of
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1961:
1284:of the stock market, the shortcomings of
736:can trigger mental health issues such as
389:Learn how and when to remove this message
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220:Learn how and when to remove this message
158:Learn how and when to remove this message
1071:and its hedge fund management firm, the
245:This article includes a list of general
1477:
597:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
593:Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
555:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
1640:Don't follow Buffett because you can't
512:(OTC) markets or in some instances in
440:Historical photo of stock traders and
1772:"A Key Figure in the Future of Yahoo"
1303:in 1975, and for designing the first
7:
546:Stock trading as a profession/career
96:adding citations to reliable sources
986:Beating the market, fraud and scams
1770:Sorkin, Andrew Ross (2010-12-13).
1627:"Italian dairy boss gets 10 years"
251:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
702:is already incorporated into the
42:This article has multiple issues.
2288:Electronic communication network
1782:from the original on 21 May 2012
622:and their decreased reliance on
538:who help limit price variation (
351:
298:
236:
174:
72:
31:
846:The efficient-market hypothesis
710:operations are useful to boost
612:U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
83:needs additional citations for
50:or discuss these issues on the
2811:Financial services occupations
1697:Williams, Oscar (2022-08-11).
913:on September 11, 2006, at the
897:
1:
2282:Multilateral trading facility
1539:; Hudson, Richard L. (2004).
1249:financial market participants
2705:Returns-based style analysis
2501:Post-modern portfolio theory
2407:Security characteristic line
1568:Treanor, Jill (2011-09-15).
756:Both self-styled innovative
430:Beurs van Hendrick de Keyser
414:Beurs van Hendrick de Keyser
2459:Efficient-market hypothesis
2363:Capital asset pricing model
2300:Straight-through processing
1456:Technical analysis software
1097:was charged with financial
898:Mandelbrot's fractal theory
871:efficient-market hypothesis
534:Major stock exchanges have
200:the claims made and adding
2837:
2276:Alternative Trading System
792:, specialized software, a
1547:. New York: Basic Books.
1446:Stock market data systems
1297:John Clifton "Jack" Bogle
958:Tenets of Fractal Finance
915:
652:Wall Street Crash of 1929
564:Stock traders may advise
502:publicly traded companies
360:This article needs to be
2340:Arbitrage pricing theory
1313:passive stock management
760:and traditional banking
410:Amsterdam Stock Exchange
2619:Initial public offering
2480:Modern portfolio theory
2375:Dividend discount model
2258:List of stock exchanges
1963:10.1073/pnas.1318416111
1606:The Wall Street Journal
734:Stock market volatility
450:New York Stock Exchange
307:Some of this article's
266:more precise citations.
2507:Random walk hypothesis
1339:Certain emotions like
1305:index replication fund
1266:
1228:
1196:
1146:
1025:
922:
858:
765:
654:
561:
453:
433:
421:
2645:Market capitalization
2454:Dollar cost averaging
1537:Mandelbrot, Benoît B.
1514:TheFreeDictionary.com
1293:imperfect information
1261:
1219:
1189:investment management
1175:
1140:
1057:exchange-traded funds
1020:
951:2008 financial crisis
905:
853:
755:
645:
638:Risks and other costs
553:
439:
427:
407:
2465:Fundamental analysis
2449:Contrarian investing
2412:Security market line
2317:Liquidity aggregator
2294:Direct market access
2205:Quantitative analyst
1401:Fundamental analysis
1396:Don't fight the tape
1245:financial regulators
1051:desk: a table where
867:fundamental analysis
667:stock market crashes
663:steep learning curve
527:. Agents are paid a
92:improve this article
2710:Reverse stock split
2655:Market manipulation
2579:Dual-listed company
2439:Algorithmic trading
2369:Capital market line
2171:Inter-dealer broker
1954:2014PNAS..11110503S
1948:(29): 10503–10508.
1108:credit-linked notes
943:Black–Scholes model
917:École Polytechnique
786:Internet connection
718:of money and time,
646:Crowd gathering on
603:for advanced stock
514:equity crowdfunding
2750:Stock market index
2589:Efficient frontier
2528:Technical analysis
2486:Momentum investing
2308:(private exchange)
2198:Proprietary trader
2140:Shares outstanding
2130:Authorised capital
1776:The New York Times
1451:Technical analysis
1421:Slippage (finance)
1391:Derivatives market
1267:
1229:
1199:The problems with
1197:
1167:Michael Steinhardt
1147:
1120:San Vittore prison
1026:
923:
863:technical analysis
859:
855:Technical analysis
766:
655:
582:financial analysis
562:
454:
434:
422:
185:possibly contains
2798:
2797:
2599:Flight-to-quality
2351:Buffett indicator
2041:Financial markets
1724:, the author of “
1646:(August 24, 2012)
927:Benoit Mandelbrot
907:Benoît Mandelbrot
794:personal computer
716:opportunity costs
504:may be through a
474:equity securities
408:Courtyard of the
399:
398:
391:
381:
380:
345:
344:
337:
292:
291:
284:
230:
229:
222:
187:original research
168:
167:
160:
142:
65:
18:Equity investment
16:(Redirected from
2828:
2715:Share repurchase
2427:Trading theories
2312:Crossing network
2270:Over-the-counter
2107:Restricted stock
2063:Secondary market
2034:
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2011:
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1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1482:
1461:Trader (finance)
1406:Option (finance)
1103:money laundering
1033:Société Générale
997:accounting fraud
920:
919:
911:Legion of Honour
827:computer science
782:Internet banking
568:and help manage
559:Washington, D.C.
557:headquarters in
510:over-the-counter
468:, also called a
418:Emanuel de Witte
394:
387:
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262:this article by
253:inline citations
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202:inline citations
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2800:
2799:
2794:
2785:Voting interest
2695:Public offering
2630:Mandatory offer
2604:Government bond
2584:DuPont analysis
2547:
2543:Value investing
2538:Value averaging
2533:Trend following
2518:Style investing
2513:Sector rotation
2428:
2422:
2401:Net asset value
2327:Stock valuation
2321:
2241:
2149:
2116:
2102:Preferred stock
2077:
2043:
2038:
2008:
2001:
1997:
1935:
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1877:Washington Post
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1484:
1483:
1479:
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1470:
1466:Value investing
1386:Dead cat bounce
1371:
1325:
1282:volatile nature
1206:Value investing
993:insider trading
988:
960:
900:
848:
843:
750:
712:economic growth
640:
624:Social Security
605:market analysis
548:
402:
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2747:
2745:Stock exchange
2742:
2740:Stock dilution
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2665:Mean reversion
2662:
2657:
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2647:
2642:
2640:Market anomaly
2637:
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2616:
2611:
2606:
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2596:
2591:
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2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2559:Bid–ask spread
2555:
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2398:
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2386:Earnings yield
2383:
2381:Dividend yield
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2343:
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2329:
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2322:
2320:
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2309:
2303:
2297:
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2285:
2279:
2273:
2272:(off-exchange)
2267:
2266:
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2260:
2249:
2247:
2246:Trading venues
2243:
2242:
2240:
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2234:
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2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2145:Treasury stock
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2112:Tracking stock
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2058:Primary market
2054:
2052:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2007:
2006:
1995:
1928:
1912:
1896:
1864:
1843:
1818:
1793:
1762:
1738:
1736:(Jan 19, 2012)
1714:
1689:
1664:
1657:Bloomberg L.P.
1648:
1632:
1618:
1593:
1560:
1553:
1525:
1510:"stock trader"
1501:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1436:Stock exchange
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1376:Brokerage firm
1372:
1370:
1367:
1324:
1321:
1301:Vanguard Group
1286:financial risk
1221:Bernard Madoff
1193:Softbank Group
1160:Warren Buffett
1152:Warren Buffett
1142:Warren Buffett
1069:Raj Rajaratnam
1029:JĂ©rĂ´me Kerviel
1022:JĂ©rĂ´me Kerviel
987:
984:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
959:
956:
932:fractal theory
899:
896:
847:
844:
842:
839:
778:brokerage firm
749:
746:
724:financial risk
688:stock exchange
657:Contrary to a
639:
636:
578:macroeconomics
547:
544:
506:stock exchange
498:equity trading
470:stock investor
400:
397:
396:
379:
378:
359:
357:
350:
343:
342:
309:listed sources
306:
304:
297:
290:
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244:
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228:
227:
182:
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166:
165:
107:"Stock trader"
80:
78:
71:
66:
40:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2833:
2822:
2821:Stock traders
2819:
2817:
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2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
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2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2720:Short selling
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
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2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
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2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2609:Greenspan put
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Financial law
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2569:Cross listing
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:Related terms
2550:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:Swing trading
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:Mosaic theory
2489:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2475:Market timing
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
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2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
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2280:
2277:
2274:
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2264:
2263:Trading hours
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2259:
2256:
2255:
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2251:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
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2203:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:Broker-dealer
2176:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2135:Issued shares
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2122:Share capital
2119:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2073:Fourth market
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2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
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2046:
2042:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1982:
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1900:
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1832:
1831:Bloomberg.com
1828:
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1807:
1803:
1797:
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1781:
1777:
1773:
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1703:New Statesman
1700:
1693:
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1554:9780465043552
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1411:Paper trading
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1302:
1298:
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1289:
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1275:
1274:dot com crash
1271:
1270:Masayoshi Son
1264:
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1235:
1226:
1222:
1218:
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1202:
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1190:
1186:
1185:Softbank Corp
1182:
1181:Alibaba Group
1178:
1177:Masayoshi Son
1174:
1170:
1168:
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1161:
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1113:
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1100:
1096:
1095:Calisto Tanzi
1092:
1087:
1082:
1081:Preet Bharara
1078:
1074:
1073:Galleon Group
1070:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:rogue traders
1042:
1038:
1037:Kweku Adoboli
1034:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1005:pump and dump
1002:
998:
994:
985:
980:
977:
974:
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2770:Tender offer
2690:Public float
2660:Market trend
2650:Market depth
2470:Growth stock
2444:Buy and hold
2353:(Cap-to-GDP)
2193:Floor trader
2183:Market maker
2166:Floor broker
2154:Participants
2097:Golden share
2092:Common stock
2068:Third market
1998:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1921:Investopedia
1919:John Bogle (
1915:
1899:
1888:. Retrieved
1876:
1867:
1856:. Retrieved
1854:. 2023-01-01
1846:
1835:. Retrieved
1833:. 2022-12-29
1830:
1821:
1810:. Retrieved
1808:. 2022-12-27
1805:
1796:
1784:. Retrieved
1775:
1765:
1754:. Retrieved
1750:
1741:
1717:
1706:. Retrieved
1702:
1692:
1681:. Retrieved
1679:. 2019-09-26
1676:
1667:
1651:
1635:
1621:
1610:. Retrieved
1608:. 2009-10-16
1605:
1596:
1585:. Retrieved
1574:The Guardian
1573:
1563:
1542:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:
1504:
1493:. Retrieved
1490:Investopedia
1489:
1480:
1441:Stock market
1363:
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1338:
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1317:stock market
1309:mutual funds
1290:
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1225:Ponzi scheme
1211:
1198:
1191:firm called
1164:
1156:George Soros
1148:
1066:
1027:
1013:
1001:embezzlement
989:
961:
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860:
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372:January 2024
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102:
90:Please help
85:verification
82:
58:
51:
45:
44:Please help
41:
2775:Uptick rule
2755:Stock split
2735:Squeeze-out
2730:Speculation
2675:Open outcry
2564:Block trade
2496:Pairs trade
1751:fortune.com
1431:Stockbroker
1416:Shareholder
1354:bear market
1253:speculation
1238:S&P 500
1201:mutual fund
1053:derivatives
888:Eugene Fama
823:mathematics
806:fundamental
748:Methodology
728:electricity
704:stock price
675:uncertainty
659:stockbroker
648:Wall Street
525:stockbroker
516:platforms.
494:stockbroker
486:arbitrageur
312:may not be
264:introducing
2805:Categories
2780:Volatility
2760:Stock swap
2680:Order book
2431:strategies
2357:Book value
2225:Arbitrager
2220:Speculator
1890:2023-01-12
1858:2023-01-01
1837:2023-02-12
1812:2023-01-14
1756:2023-01-01
1708:2022-10-11
1683:2022-10-11
1612:2010-08-11
1587:2023-05-26
1519:2023-05-26
1495:2023-05-26
1473:References
1381:Day trader
1323:Psychology
1130:by buying
1128:Berlusconi
1061:SolarWorld
798:smartphone
772:such as a
742:depression
679:complexity
650:after the
570:portfolios
540:volatility
529:commission
490:speculator
247:references
194:improve it
118:newspapers
47:improve it
2816:Investors
2396:Fed model
2391:EV/EBITDA
2306:Dark pool
2237:Regulator
2082:Types of
2048:Types of
1972:0027-8424
1885:0190-8286
1734:Bloomberg
1582:0261-3077
1334:emotional
1278:Elon Musk
1263:Elon Musk
1209:of time.
1049:delta one
1009:investing
884:investors
815:economics
802:technical
692:dividends
500:in large
480:, agent,
432:in Dutch)
198:verifying
53:talk page
2725:Slippage
2685:Position
2670:Momentum
2574:Dividend
2253:Exchange
2210:Investor
1990:25002476
1780:Archived
1369:See also
1187:into an
1132:Odeon TV
1124:football
1091:Parmalat
947:kurtosis
925:In 1963
879:outliers
790:Internet
720:currency
700:taxation
616:pensions
478:investor
314:reliable
2614:Haircut
2418:T-model
2230:Scalper
2050:markets
1981:4115519
1950:Bibcode
1786:7 April
1677:CCN.com
1644:Reuters
1158:rivals
1145:follow.
1043:), two
1024:in 2015
835:chaotic
819:finance
758:fintech
738:anxiety
496:. Such
448:of the
444:in the
362:updated
260:improve
192:Please
132:scholar
2635:Margin
2503:(PMPT)
2365:(CAPM)
2215:Hedger
2188:Trader
2161:Broker
2084:stocks
1988:
1978:
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1905:Quartz
1883:
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1349:regret
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1035:) and
831:random
722:risk,
482:hedger
452:(1963)
420:, 1653
249:, but
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2790:Yield
2765:Trade
2700:Rally
2621:(IPO)
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2414:(SML)
2403:(NAV)
2377:(DDM)
2371:(CML)
2342:(APT)
2335:Alpha
2302:(STP)
2296:(DMA)
2290:(ECN)
2284:(MTF)
2278:(ATS)
1426:Stock
1341:greed
1234:Forex
1165:Even
1116:Milan
1112:asset
1099:fraud
796:or a
784:, an
776:or a
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631:bonds
521:agent
492:, or
416:) by
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125:books
2625:Long
2429:and
2359:(BV)
2346:Beta
1986:PMID
1968:ISSN
1881:ISSN
1788:2012
1578:ISSN
1549:ISBN
1347:and
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1332:and
1101:and
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1003:and
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762:apps
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677:and
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1976:PMC
1958:doi
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