397:
356:
and the other using
Squawkihaw, the word the Iroquois used for the Meskwaki. Neither group built the mounds in question, three of which were excavated by archaeologists in Pennsylvania and Ohio. These are Sugar Run Mound, North Benton Mound and Towner's Mound. Only Towner's Mound, in Kent, Ohio, still stands. Linguists who have studied the handful of words on record believed to be of Erie origin believe the tribe was closer to the Huron than the Iroquois, however. If descended from the Iroquois, archaeology suggests they couldn't have arrived before the 12th or 13th centuries. A Huron origin would suggest them arriving even later.
319:
260:
a sea serpent with deer antlers or some kind of dragon like entity. Iroquoian names associated with this creature in
English include Blue Panther, Underwater Panther, Blue Snake, Horned Serpent, Comet Lion, etc. One of the various actual Iroquois names for this creatures is given as Oniare, which might be the closest we can get to Erie. Geh is Iroquoian for "of the" & ronon is Iroquoian for "people" or "nation."
2097:
273:
river likely had been an Erie settlement. Another Erie settlement was discovered in
Windsor, Ohio, at the southwestern corner of Ashtabula County, which is two river valleys further west than the sites at Conneaut. No significant settlement remains from prior to the Beaver Wars was ever documented in Trumbull or Mahoning Counties, leaving the exact border between the two peoples in question.
1242:
41:
450:
and Erie were trade allies, especially copper, but years later that relationship fell apart due to growing colonial pressure. During that period remnant Erie were believed to have migrated to
Virginia by 1656 and became known as the Richahecrian when they fought along side the Nahyssans and Manahoac,
259:
As to the
Etymology of the name- in Native American cultures across the Eastern Woodlands, the terms cat & long tail tend to be references to a mythological creature which, depending on the tribe and time period is described as/ rendered as either a giant bobcat with a human face and a long tail,
383:
By the time of
European contact, Algonquian and Iroquoian tribes traded and competed with each other and spent most years in uneasy peace. Separation between tribes living in wilderness ensured contacts were mainly small affairs before the use of firearms tipped the balance of warfare to enhance the
704:
in 1669-1671. By 1672-1673 they were beset on all sides and, like the Erie, went extinct as a tribe because of their high mortality rate. Their small percentage of survivors had to disperse among kindred tribes. The
Iroquois adopted their remnants under the terms of a formal treaty in 1678. Some of
442:
between the Erie and
Iroquois, neighbors to all three groups. As a result, over five years of war they destroyed the Erie confederacy, the Neutrals, the Tobacco, with the tribes surviving in remnants. By the mid-1650s, the Erie had become a broken tribe. Dispersed groups survived a few more decades
171:
and other foods, added to their loss of life, and threatened their future, as they had no way to survive the winter. The attacks likely forced their emigration. The
Haudenosaunee Confederacy was known for adopting captives and refugees into their tribes. The surviving Erie are believed to have been
355:
suggests that the Erie are descendants of
Iroquoians specifically from the St. Lawrence River Valley. It also says the Eries defeated an unknown tribe who built earthworks. Names given for this group are of uncertain origin, with one account using Alligewi, the Lenape word for the Erie themselves,
272:
A site once thought to be Erie in Conneaut, Ohio, is attributed to Whittlesey culture, who surrounded their villages with earthen embankments instead of wooden palisades and lived in longhouses, rather than wigwams, by the time of European contact. However, a second village on the east side of the
268:
The known boundaries of Erie lands extended from the Allegheny River to the shores of Lake Erie. They were once believed, due to a misidentification of villages by early French explorers mapping the Great Lakes, to control all the land from northwestern Pennsylvania to about Sandusky, Ohio, but
392:
with French and Dutch colonists beginning settlements in the greater area before 1611. Violence to control the fur-bearing territories, the beginnings of the long-running Beaver Wars, began early in the 17th century so the normal peace and trading activity decreased between the tribes, who had
422:
41:43, 1655–58 chap. XI), the Erie were disadvantaged in armed conflict with the Iroquois because they had few firearms. Beginning in 1653 the Erie launched a preemptive attack on western tribes of the Iroquois, and did well in the first year of a five-year war.
281:
The names of only some villages have survived, and those include Kentaientonga (Gentaguehronon, Gentaienton, Gentaguetehronnon), Honniasont (Black Minqua, Honniasontkeronon, Oniassontke), and Rigué (Arrigahaga, Rigueronnon, Rique, Riquehronnon).
1635:
878:, "The Erie needed beaver for this trade and probably encroached on other tribal territories to get it. The result was a war with an unknown Algonquin enemy in 1635 that forced the Erie to abandon some of their western villages.", 2016-0612.
466:) and Jesuit missionaries in Canada referred to them in historic records. The Jesuits learned more about them during the Beaver Wars, but most of what they learned, aside from a single in-person encounter, was learned from the
384:
killing ability of a people who could not outrun a bullet, a limitation which existed before guns and the ability to kill at range. Rivalries and habitual competition among American Indians tribes for resources (especially
857:
661:...the Erie... struck first in 1653. The next year ...a victory which should have won the war on the spot, but ... two more years of fighting were required before the Erie, too, had been vanquished.
2133:
336:
for thousands of years in succeeding cultures, historic tribes known at the time of European encounter began to coalesce by the 15th and 16th centuries. The Erie were among the several
1894:
685:
in 1656, after one of the most relentless and destructive Indian wars, the Erie were almost exterminated by the Iroquois. The surviving captives were either adopted or enslaved.
858:
https://knappnotes.com/2016/01/01/towners-woods-a-burial-mound-and-a-hopewell-princess/&ved=2ahUKEwjV-M_Bz-X6AhWMVTABHcInBxYQFnoECCYQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0hgS5nyhRPQod-HO4FUus3
1932:
1230:
2153:
1273:
2148:
125:
412:
The Erie encroached on territory that other tribes considered theirs. During 1651, they'd angered their eastern neighbors, the Iroquois League, by accepting Huron
1122:
324:
Clip from John Senex map ca 1710 showing the people Captain Vielle passed (1692–94) by to arrive in Chaouenon's country, as the French Jesuit called the Shawnee
451:
against the Virginia colonialists and Pamunkey, at the Battle of Bloody Run. Another branch also migrated to South Carolina and became known as the Westo.
301:
to the south of the Allegheny River (named for the Monongahela River, which itself was named after a nickname for the Lenape, who lived there later) and the
1607:
204:("Cat" in French) or "Long Tail" (referring, possibly, to the raccoon tails worn on clothing). Like other Iroquoian peoples, they lived in multifamily
1740:
766:
269:
archaeologists have now attributed the western half of that to another culture referred to as the Whittlesey's, who were likely an Algonquian people.
192:. The members of remnant tribes living among the Iroquois gradually assimilated to the majority cultures, losing their independent tribal identities.
454:
Because the Erie were located further from the coastal areas of early European exploration, they had little direct contact with Europeans. Only the
2143:
2123:
1925:
1755:
1168:
Wright, Roy A. (1974). "The People of the Panther-a long Erie tale (an ethnohistory of the southwestern Iroquoians)". In Michael K. Foster (ed.).
700:
the Susquehannock were poised to wipe out the Iroquois after administering severe drubbings into 1668, only to be laid low by multi-year disease
1223:
2158:
1640:
1269:
1406:
396:
996:
2101:
1918:
561:
lived in the south from before Jamestown was founded, and the powerful Susquehanna had a lock on the Susquehanna basin into the upper
344:
which emerged around the Great Lakes, but with elements that may have originated in the south. People from the Whittlesey culture and
1216:
1049:
1044:. New York State Museum Bulletin 489. Albany: University of the State of New York, the State Education Department. pp. 14–27 .
977:
896:
1432:
481:
After the Haudenosaunee routed the Erie in 1654 and 1656, the group dispersed. In 1680, a remnant group of Erie surrendered to the
2029:
1208:
921:
578:
Beaver Wars are usually blamed upon the Iroquois who were believed to have a joint population dwarfed by surrounding tribes.
371:
suggest the tribes originated in what became Algonkian territories along the Saint Lawrence and moved west and south when the
2034:
2024:
1725:
1694:
1650:
1068:
459:
2138:
2056:
1745:
1447:
1442:
746:
English-Cayuga/ Cayuga-English Dictionary; Froman, Francis; Keye, Alfred; etc.; University of Toronto Press, Jan, 2002
213:
426:
Consequently, in 1654 the whole Iroquois Confederacy went to war against the Erie and neighboring tribes such as the
318:
2128:
2039:
1720:
1452:
486:
1083:
Archaeology of aboriginal cultural change in the interior Southeast: depopulation during the early historic period
1941:
587:
If the Erie tribe had used poison on their arrows, they would have been the only tribe in North America to do so.
839:
Sugar Run Mound and Village: Hopewell/ Middle Woodland in Warren County, Pennsylvania; McCanaughy, Mark A.; 2003
256:
The Erie people were also known as the Eriechronon, Yenresh, Erielhonan, Eriez, Nation du Chat, and Riquéronon.
2014:
1841:
1817:
1730:
611:
1085:. Ripley P. Bullen Monographs in Anthropology and History 6. Gainesville, Fla.: University Press of Florida.
830:
The Iroquois Trail: Footprints of the Six Nations in Customs, Traditions and History; Beauchamp, W. M.; 1802.
1899:
1877:
1760:
1750:
1699:
1689:
1645:
1460:
1281:
367:
regions and in between well before pre-Columbian times. Conversely, others such as the editors of the 1911
228:, during the warm season. In winter, tribal members lived off the stored crops and animals taken in hunts.
2082:
1992:
1835:
1437:
1811:
189:
1829:
1805:
470:
who suffered much reduction before the Erie did. What little is known about them has been derived from
1130:
White, Marian E. (1971). "Ethnic identification and Iroquois groups in western New York and Ontario".
416:
from villages that had been destroyed by the Iroquois. Though reported as using poison-tipped arrows (
2044:
1871:
1865:
1853:
1847:
1823:
1793:
1765:
1595:
1414:
706:
534:
498:
345:
111:
2019:
1612:
1562:
1518:
1396:
1335:
1261:
1202:
939:
887:
Tooker 1978 and Snyderman 1948, "doubts poisoned arrows". Anthony P. Schiavo, Claudio R. Salvucci,
298:
241:
2049:
1965:
1704:
1618:
1601:
1552:
1424:
1253:
1147:
1116:
372:
341:
329:
302:
145:
1172:. Mercury Series Paper 10. Ottawa: National Museum of Man. Ethnology Division. pp. 47–118.
755:"Whittlesey Culture - Ohio History Central". ohiohistorycentral.org. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
553:
In Virginia, visiting Susquehannocks were described by an admiring Captain John Smith. Further,
908:
719:
1859:
1557:
1173:
1104:
1086:
1055:
1045:
1024:
1004:
983:
973:
892:
652:
566:
181:
180:
families may also have adopted some Erie, as the tribes had shared the hunting grounds of the
133:
2066:
2061:
2009:
1799:
1345:
1139:
1103:. University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology Anthropological Papers 16. Ann Arbor, Mich.
554:
494:
463:
418:
245:
164:
for control of the fur trade. Captured survivors were adopted or enslaved by the Iroquois.
137:
68:
922:
https://peachstatearchaeologicalsociety.org/index.php/11-culture-historic/402-westo-indians
1970:
1667:
1547:
1295:
1257:
733:
455:
185:
1976:
1388:
562:
519:
490:
471:
467:
447:
439:
427:
352:
286:
225:
157:
212:. These defensive works often encompassed their fields for crops. They cultivated the
2117:
1985:
1787:
1735:
1583:
1512:
1482:
482:
435:
294:
237:
177:
173:
88:
1589:
1567:
1506:
1500:
1326:
1320:
1289:
1265:
673:
443:
before being absorbed into the Iroquois, especially the westernmost Seneca nation.
149:
141:
72:
1042:
Reanalyzing the Ripley Site: earthworks and late prehistory on the Lake Erie Plain
765:
Brose, David S.; Wentzel, Gregory; Bluestone, Helga; Essenpreis, Patricia (1976).
167:
Their villages were burned by Haudenosaunee warriors. This destroyed their stored
1075:. BAE Bulletin 30. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 430–32.
767:"Conneaut Fort, a Prehistoric Whittlesey Focus Village in Ashtabula County, Ohio"
1781:
1530:
1476:
1365:
1355:
1003:. Georgia Humanities Council and the University of Georgia Press. Archived from
524:
475:
364:
333:
305:
to the west. The Monongahela Culture was most likely a Siouan-speaking society.
161:
1196:
363:
state the various confederacies of Iroquoian tribes migrated from south to the
1683:
1663:
1655:
1377:
1315:
393:
responded to the demand for beaver and other furs by over-hunting some areas.
205:
1910:
1488:
1341:
1108:
1090:
1059:
1037:
1028:
987:
701:
431:
405:
389:
385:
129:
1177:
17:
1524:
1494:
1309:
558:
502:
337:
209:
172:
largely absorbed by other Iroquoian tribes, particularly families of the
153:
1636:
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
1383:
1101:
Iroquois culture history in the Niagara Frontier area of New York State
529:
485:. Erie descendants merged with Haudenosaunee in Ohio, who lived on the
413:
40:
1151:
1021:
The Bulletin: Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association
875:
788:
297:
east of the Allegheny River and two historically unknown nations- the
1371:
1351:
1299:
889:
Iroquois Wars: Extracts from the Jesuit Relations and Primary Sources
848:
The North Benton Mound: A Hopewell Site in Ohio; Magrath, W. H.; 1945
348:
of Ohio and Pennsylvania may have been ancestors of the Erie people.
285:
At the time the Erie existed, their immediate neighbors included the
1170:
Papers in linguistics from the 1972 Conference on Iroquoian Research
322:
Elements of Erie shown in the general area of the Upper Ohio Valley.
1143:
1361:
1331:
514:
395:
317:
290:
221:
217:
168:
152:
by five years of prolonged warfare with the powerful neighboring
1241:
656:
340:
sharing a similar culture, tribal organization, and speaking an
76:
1914:
1212:
720:"Erie | the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture"
1163:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 412–17.
148:
before 1658. Their nation was almost exterminated in the mid-
1159:
White, Marian E. (1978). "Erie". In Bruce G. Trigger (ed.).
970:
The Westo Indians: slave traders of the early colonial South
497:. These included the tribes who would form the present-day
293:
to the north, between the Genessee and Niagara Rivers, the
388:) and power was escalated by the lucrative returns of the
1191:
1161:
Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 15: Northeast
734:"Oniare, the Iroquois horned serpent (Onyare, Oniont)"
651:. American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc. p. 197.
1073:
Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico, part 1
2075:
2002:
1958:
1887:
1774:
1713:
1676:
1628:
1576:
1540:
1469:
1423:
1405:
1280:
1036:Engelbrecht, William E.; Lynne P. Sullivan (1996).
104:
94:
82:
62:
50:
972:. Tuscaloosa, Ala.: University of Alabama Press.
404:("Nation of the Cat, destroyed") to the south of
375:tribes moved north up the coast and spread west.
2134:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
1274:History of Native Americans in the United States
705:the Susquehannock fleeing during 1676 triggered
478:, and comparisons with other Iroquoian peoples.
944:he Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
821:The Iroquois Book of Rites; Hale, Horatio; 1883
789:"Prehistoric Earthworks / The Prehistoric Erie"
126:Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands
1205:, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
642:
640:
638:
636:
1926:
1224:
8:
33:
1608:Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands
1933:
1919:
1911:
1231:
1217:
1209:
1121:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
128:historically living on the south shore of
39:
32:
1741:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
871:
869:
867:
865:
136:tribe, they lived in what is now western
57:extinct as a tribe after mid-17th century
27:Iroquoian group native to the Great Lakes
1019:Engelbrecht, William E. (1991). "Erie".
2154:Native American tribes in West Virginia
1756:Shawnee Woodland Native American Museum
600:
546:
176:, the westernmost of the Five Nations.
2149:Native American tribes in Pennsylvania
1114:
933:
931:
929:
606:
604:
244:language said to have been similar to
1270:Native Americans in the United States
698:The American Heritage Book of Indians
649:The American Heritage Book of Indians
7:
619:Ohio Department of Natural Resources
63:Regions with significant populations
1895:Native American place names in Ohio
1199:, Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
647:Alvin M. Josephy, Jr., ed. (1961).
565:shores, probably into the northern
25:
1071:. In Frederick Webb Hodge (ed.).
474:of other Native American tribes,
2096:
2095:
1629:Prehistoric communities or sites
1240:
2144:Native American tribes in Ohio
2124:Extinct Native American tribes
1040:. In Lynne P. Sullivan (ed.).
909:"Rickahocan/Westo in Virginia"
200:The Erie were also called the
1:
489:from 1817 to 1832, when Ohio
430:along the northern shores of
2159:Prehistoric cultures in Ohio
1726:Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio)
1641:Archaeological sites in Ohio
1001:The New Georgia Encyclopedia
1746:Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum
1448:Two Mile Square Reservation
1443:Nawash-Kinjoano Reservation
2175:
2040:Pennsylvania Dutch English
1953:indicate extinct languages
1721:Flint Ridge State Memorial
1453:Upper Sandusky Reservation
793:Historical Market Database
771:Pennsylvania Archaeologist
487:Upper Sandusky Reservation
2091:
1948:
1942:Languages of Pennsylvania
1251:
1099:White, Marian E. (1961).
1081:Smith, Marvin T. (1987).
1067:Hewitt, J. N. B. (1907).
676:. Avon Historical Society
109:
99:
87:
67:
55:
38:
2030:Inland Northern American
1842:Battle of Fallen Timbers
1818:Treaty of Camp Charlotte
1731:Fort Hill State Memorial
1433:Blanchard's Fork Reserve
1246:Native Americans in Ohio
612:"Chapter 8. Archaeology"
402:Nation du Chat, détruite
289:, across Lake Erie, the
208:in villages enclosed in
188:that passed through the
1900:Indian removals in Ohio
1761:SunWatch Indian Village
1751:New Indian Ridge Museum
1700:Thunderbird (mythology)
1461:Indian removals in Ohio
995:Bowne, Eric E. (2006).
968:Bowne, Eric E. (2005).
369:Encyclopædia Britannica
2083:American Sign Language
2035:Northeast Pennsylvania
1836:Siege of Fort Recovery
1438:Moravian Indian Grants
409:
325:
1812:Yellow Creek massacre
400:1715 map showing the
399:
361:New American Heritage
321:
190:gaps of the Allegheny
105:Related ethnic groups
45:Nation du Chat region
2025:Central Pennsylvania
1878:Treaty of St. Mary's
1872:Treaty of Fort Meigs
1866:Treaty of Brownstown
1854:Treaty of Grouseland
1848:Treaty of Greenville
1824:Northwest Indian War
1794:Raid on Pickawillany
1766:Zane Shawnee Caverns
1695:Petroglyphs in Ohio
1651:Petroglyphs in Ohio
1596:Glacial Kame culture
1577:Prehistoric cultures
1541:Historic communities
1415:Algonquian languages
1192:Seneca-Cayuga Nation
535:Susquehannock people
499:Seneca-Cayuga Nation
346:Fort Ancient culture
112:Whittlesey tradition
2003:Immigrant languages
1959:Indigenous language
1613:Monongahela culture
1563:Muskingum (village)
1425:Former reservations
1397:Western Confederacy
1262:Northwest Territory
299:Monongahela culture
236:The Erie spoke the
35:
2139:Great Lakes tribes
2057:Pennsylvania Dutch
1830:St. Clair's defeat
1806:Lord Dunmore's War
1705:Underwater panther
1621:(Late Prehistoric)
1619:Whittlesey culture
1592:(Late Prehistoric)
1553:Lenape settlements
1254:Prehistory of Ohio
1038:"Cultural context"
674:"THE ERIE INDIANS"
410:
342:Iroquoian language
330:Indigenous peoples
326:
303:Whittlesey culture
134:Iroquoian-speaking
2129:Iroquoian peoples
2111:
2110:
1908:
1907:
1860:Treaty of Detroit
1604:(Middle Woodland)
1558:Lower Shawneetown
707:Bacon's Rebellion
567:Shenandoah Valley
458:fur traders from
446:Historically the
338:Iroquoian peoples
182:Allegheny Plateau
118:
117:
16:(Redirected from
2166:
2099:
2098:
2015:African American
1935:
1928:
1921:
1912:
1586:(Early Woodland)
1470:Historic figures
1245:
1244:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1210:
1181:
1164:
1155:
1126:
1120:
1112:
1095:
1094:
1076:
1063:
1032:
1015:
1013:
1012:
991:
955:
954:
952:
950:
935:
924:
919:
913:
912:
905:
899:
885:
879:
873:
860:
855:
849:
846:
840:
837:
831:
828:
822:
819:
813:
810:
804:
803:
801:
799:
785:
779:
778:
762:
756:
753:
747:
744:
738:
737:
730:
724:
723:
716:
710:
694:
688:
687:
682:
681:
670:
664:
663:
644:
631:
630:
628:
626:
616:
608:
588:
585:
579:
576:
570:
551:
495:Indian Territory
491:forcibly removed
464:Albany, New York
419:Jesuit Relations
332:lived along the
240:, an unattested
156:for helping the
51:Total population
43:
36:
21:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2087:
2071:
1998:
1954:
1944:
1939:
1909:
1904:
1883:
1770:
1709:
1672:
1668:Wilderness Road
1624:
1615:(Late Woodland)
1572:
1548:Hell Town, Ohio
1536:
1465:
1419:
1401:
1282:Historic tribes
1276:
1258:History of Ohio
1247:
1239:
1237:
1188:
1167:
1158:
1129:
1113:
1098:
1080:
1079:
1066:
1052:
1035:
1018:
1010:
1008:
997:"Westo Indians"
994:
980:
967:
964:
959:
958:
948:
946:
937:
936:
927:
920:
916:
907:
906:
902:
886:
882:
874:
863:
856:
852:
847:
843:
838:
834:
829:
825:
820:
816:
811:
807:
797:
795:
787:
786:
782:
764:
763:
759:
754:
750:
745:
741:
732:
731:
727:
718:
717:
713:
695:
691:
679:
677:
672:
671:
667:
646:
645:
634:
624:
622:
614:
610:
609:
602:
597:
592:
591:
586:
582:
577:
573:
552:
548:
543:
511:
434:and across the
381:
359:The editors of
323:
316:
311:
279:
266:
254:
234:
216:: varieties of
214:"Three Sisters"
198:
186:Kittanning Path
144:, and northern
140:, northwestern
114:(1000–1640 CE)
46:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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1888:Other topics
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1590:Fort Ancient
1568:Pickawillany
1507:Kakowatcheky
1501:Joseph Brant
1457:
1393:
1305:
1290:Chalahgawtha
1266:Ohio Country
1197:Erie Indians
1169:
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1138:(1): 19–38.
1135:
1132:Ethnohistory
1131:
1100:
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1020:
1009:. Retrieved
1005:the original
1000:
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947:. Retrieved
943:
938:May, Jon D.
917:
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876:ERIE HISTORY
853:
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796:. Retrieved
792:
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678:. Retrieved
668:
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623:. Retrieved
618:
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472:oral history
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166:
150:17th century
142:Pennsylvania
121:
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73:Pennsylvania
56:
30:Ethnic group
2020:Appalachian
1826:(1785–1795)
1784:(1609-1701)
1782:Beaver Wars
1686:(sculpture)
1531:Tenskwatawa
1477:Blue Jacket
1366:Anishinaabe
1356:Anishinaabe
1306:Erie people
777:(4): 29–77.
525:Wenrohronon
476:archaeology
460:Fort Orange
365:Great Lakes
334:Great Lakes
206:long houses
162:Beaver Wars
122:Erie people
2118:Categories
2050:Pittsburgh
1664:Ohio River
1656:Tower Site
1378:Piankeshaw
1316:Honniasont
1011:2008-03-16
962:References
949:18 October
680:2022-11-26
625:17 October
373:Algonquian
314:Precontact
100:Indigenous
18:Erielhonan
1684:Birdstone
1598:(Archaic)
1533:(Shawnee)
1527:(Shawnee)
1521:(Wyandot)
1519:Roundhead
1509:(Shawnee)
1491:(Shawnee)
1489:Cornstalk
1479:(Shawnee)
1407:Languages
1374:(Shawnee)
1348:speaking)
1342:Mosopelea
1338:speaking)
1336:Iroquoian
1323:(Wyandot)
1292:(Shawnee)
1117:cite book
702:epidemics
595:Footnotes
555:Tuscarora
432:Lake Erie
406:Lake Erie
390:fur trade
386:fire arms
264:Territory
242:Iroquoian
210:palisades
130:Lake Erie
110:possibly
83:Languages
2102:Category
1966:Delaware
1661:See also
1602:Hopewell
1525:Tecumseh
1503:(Mohawk)
1495:Egushawa
1485:(Lenape)
1458:See also
1394:See also
1310:Iroquois
1296:Delaware
1109:18903624
1091:15017891
1060:38565296
1029:17823564
988:56214192
657:61-14871
559:Cherokee
509:See also
503:Oklahoma
414:refugees
277:Villages
232:Language
154:Iroquois
138:New York
95:Religion
69:New York
2067:Italian
2062:Spanish
2010:English
1951:Italics
1714:Museums
1677:Culture
1515:(Miami)
1497:(Odawa)
1389:Wyandot
1384:Shawnee
1380:(Miami)
1178:1429124
891:, p.11
530:Shawnee
448:Monacan
309:History
246:Wyandot
160:in the
1971:Munsee
1880:(1818)
1874:(1817)
1868:(1808)
1862:(1807)
1856:(1805)
1850:(1795)
1844:(1794)
1838:(1794)
1832:(1791)
1820:(1774)
1814:(1774)
1808:(1774)
1802:(1763)
1796:(1752)
1775:Events
1372:Pekowi
1352:Ojibwe
1346:Siouan
1300:Lenape
1176:
1152:481592
1150:
1107:
1089:
1069:"Erie"
1058:
1048:
1027:
986:
976:
940:"Erie"
895:
655:
438:, the
328:While
226:squash
224:, and
174:Seneca
1977:Unami
1584:Adena
1362:Odawa
1332:Mingo
1327:Miami
1321:Huron
1148:JSTOR
615:(PDF)
541:Notes
515:Mingo
468:Huron
462:(now
456:Dutch
291:Wenro
222:beans
169:maize
158:Huron
132:. An
124:were
1986:Erie
1203:Erie
1174:OCLC
1123:link
1105:OCLC
1087:OCLC
1056:OCLC
1046:ISBN
1025:OCLC
984:OCLC
974:ISBN
951:2022
893:ISBN
800:2023
653:LCCN
627:2022
557:and
252:Name
218:corn
202:Chat
196:Name
184:and
146:Ohio
120:The
77:Ohio
34:Erie
1140:doi
501:in
2120::
1666:–
1272:–
1268:–
1264:–
1260:–
1256:–
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1136:18
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1119:}}
1115:{{
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1062:.
1031:.
1014:.
990:.
953:.
911:.
802:.
736:.
722:.
629:.
408:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
