163:
33:
3068:
52:
205:. The Hopewell culture was defined by its extensive trading system that connected communities throughout the Eastern region, from the Great Lakes to Florida. A sophisticated artwork style developed for its goods, depicting a multitude of animals such as deer, bear, and birds. The Hopewell culture is also noted for its impressive ceremonial sites, which typically contain a burial mound and geometric earthworks. The most notable of these sites is in the
489:
Prior to contact Native groups in the
Northeast generally lived in villages of a few hundred people, living close to their crops. Generally men did the planting and harvesting, while women processed the crops. However, some settlements could be much bigger, such as Hochelaga (modern-day Montreal),
1777:
1646:
2313:
A Gazetteer of the State of New-York, Embracing an Ample Survey and
Description of Its Counties, Towns, Cities, Villages, Canals, Mountains, Lakes, Rivers, Creeks and Natural Topography. Arranged in One Series, Alphabetically: With an
430:, missionaries and fur traders. The canoes were used for carrying goods, and for hunting, fishing, and warfare, and varied in length from about 4.5 metres (15 feet) to about 30 metres (100 feet) in length for some large war canoes.
2438:
1772:
2959:
465:
on flat-topped mounds of soil. The three crops were planted in this way as each benefits from the proximity of the others. The tall maize plants provide a structure for the beans to climb, while the beans provide
1811:
2462:
2404:(2006). "The science behind the Three Sisters mound system: An agronomic assessment of an indigenous agricultural system in the northeast". In Staller, John E.; Tykot, Robert H.; Benz, Bruce F. (eds.).
1762:
1966:
2952:
3117:
3087:
1955:
1669:
2968:
2048:
382:
or
Delaware, who were also an Algonquian people. Most Lenape were pushed out of their homeland in the 18th century by expanding European colonies, and now the majority of them live in
2059:
1782:
2004:
2430:
2178:
2945:
1983:
405:
3112:
2077:
3035:
1710:
2993:
3097:
3028:
151:
461:, these three crops were carried northward over centuries to many parts of North America. The three crops were normally planted together using a technique known as
142:
region is sometimes considered a distinct cultural region, due to the large concentration of tribes in the area. The
Northeastern Woodlands region is bound by the
2459:
1641:
2676:
3092:
2043:
3018:
2998:
1794:
217:) and adjacent Paint Creek, centered on Chillicothe, Ohio. The Hopewell culture began to decline from around 400 A.D. for reasons which remain unclear.
1988:
1896:
1891:
1728:
1800:
2092:
2087:
1993:
2359:
2684:
147:
3008:
2551:
2413:
2253:
179:
71:
1907:
1279:
3040:
2988:
2317:
2175:
1938:
1874:
1816:
1788:
1757:
497:
For many tribes, the fundamental social group was a clan, which was often named after an animal such as turtle, bear, wolf or hawk. The
162:
143:
2972:
2922:
1943:
1704:
100:. The Northeastern Woodlands is divided into three major areas: the Coastal, Saint Lawrence Lowlands, and Great Lakes-Riverine zones.
2406:
Histories of Maize: Multidisciplinary
Approaches to the Prehistory, Linguistics, Biogeography, Domestication, and Evolution of Maize
2269:
2139:
1971:
1949:
1733:
1699:
1629:
2227:
343:
became the most powerful political grouping in the
Northeastern woodlands, and still exists today. The confederacy consists of the
2379:
3102:
3003:
1625:
594:
2205:
3107:
2514:
2009:
2334:
2294:
1751:
3045:
2054:
2037:
1928:
1722:
1716:
395:
327:
developed a powerful confederacy about the 15th century that controlled territory throughout present-day New York, into
2431:"Returning the 'three sisters' – corn, beans and squash – to Native American farms nourishes people, land and cultures"
2097:
2064:
2031:
1912:
434:
128:
2673:
1767:
1652:
167:
32:
2014:
1902:
1687:
1675:
1658:
2490:
2261:
1998:
1933:
1917:
1832:
17:
546:), which is the spiritual and fundamental life force that is omnipresent. Manitou also manifest itself as the
1821:
1805:
910:
906:
78:
74:
1742:
687:
2917:
1139:(Micmac), New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Maine
747:
450:
1778:
Lac du
Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of the Lac du Flambeau Reservation of Wisconsin
1341:
1000:
978:
844:
814:
609:
483:
297:
277:
257:
225:
120:
996:
501:
animal concerned was considered sacred and had a special relationship with the members of the clan.
2983:
2401:
1960:
1693:
1663:
1437:
1421:
1371:
1229:
1082:
590:
2082:
1977:
1852:
1746:
1737:
1068:
1056:
958:
802:
798:
462:
454:
305:
293:
175:
124:
2201:
1593:
51:
2937:
1484:
2547:
2409:
2324:(1824), at Schenectady Digital History Archives, selected extracts, accessed December 28, 2014
2265:
2135:
2025:
1826:
1488:
1472:
1359:
1136:
1062:
984:
954:
948:
808:
776:
727:
671:
505:
426:
was first used by the
Algonquin Indians and its use later spread to other tribes and to early
241:
127:. The Great Lakes-Riverine area includes the remaining inland areas of the northeast, home to
97:
44:
2543:
474:
that benefits the other plants. Meanwhile, the squash spreads along the ground, blocking the
201:
began to develop across the
Midwest of what is now the United States, with its epicenter in
2310:
2231:
1867:
1846:
1549:
1517:
1323:
1216:
892:
786:
681:
615:
517:
364:
265:
245:
229:
214:
198:
191:
116:
2680:
2518:
2466:
2321:
2182:
1862:
1857:
1840:
1681:
1647:
Bad River Band of the Lake
Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation
1611:
1543:
1454:
1299:
1293:
1273:
1037:
932:
926:
920:
900:
872:
758:
639:
599:
584:
356:
324:
132:
81:
660:, Missisquoi Valley, from Lake Champlain to the headwaters, in Vermont, and Massachusetts
103:
The Coastal area includes the Atlantic Provinces in Canada, the Atlantic seaboard of the
3013:
2375:
1879:
1603:
1599:
1459:
1235:
1190:
1180:
1050:
1042:
990:
737:
675:
574:
551:
210:
108:
3081:
2913:
2536:
2019:
1561:
1511:
1495:
1335:
1160:
1012:
942:
878:
866:
860:
848:
824:
722:, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ontario, Wisconsin; also currently Kansas and Oklahoma
555:
438:
360:
352:
348:
344:
340:
317:
309:
285:
273:
104:
89:
85:
60:
40:
2511:
1469:, formerly Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, currently Oklahoma
3050:
1607:
1154:
1100:
1027:
916:
854:
733:
716:(Ottawa), Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Ontario, also currently Oklahoma; later Oklahoma
713:
699:
667:
627:
400:
The characteristics of the Northeastern woodlands cultural area include the use of
379:
328:
206:
187:
36:
2338:
3055:
2102:
1427:
1261:
1222:
1142:
968:
836:
770:
764:
458:
332:
289:
280:
in the seventeenth century. The Confederacy covered roughly most of present-day
233:
139:
1587:
1537:
1505:
1431:
1415:
1353:
1347:
1317:
1257:
1186:
1130:
1018:
972:
964:
792:
719:
578:
371:
183:
1885:
1567:
1533:
1501:
1478:
1401:
1389:
1383:
1365:
1210:
1120:
1106:
1094:
1023:
830:
818:
752:
705:
657:
645:
621:
420:
261:
221:
171:
1922:
1527:
1407:
1395:
1377:
1329:
1285:
1267:
1251:
1200:
1148:
1126:
1114:
1088:
1031:
936:
782:
651:
631:
475:
467:
383:
375:
336:
269:
253:
581:), Quebec, Maine, New Brunswick, historically Vermont and New Hampshire
1773:
Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin
1575:
1466:
1449:
1443:
1245:
1196:
1174:
1078:
1006:
743:
510:
491:
313:
237:
112:
2482:
2284:. Retrieved July 21, 2010, from Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association.
1555:
1523:
1307:
1241:
1204:
693:
603:
560:
427:
413:
409:
401:
301:
249:
93:
56:
929:-speaking subgroups, formerly Long Island and southeastern New York
903:, Michigan, Illinois, Missouri, now Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Mexico
494:, which may have housed 20,000 residents between 1050 and 1150 CE.
1581:
1313:
884:
498:
442:
423:
412:
as a means of exchange. Wampum consisted of small beads made from
281:
161:
50:
31:
789:), southern Wisconsin, northern Illinois, later Iowa and Nebraska
593:, formerly Androscoggin Valley in Maine and New Hampshire; later
1812:
Match-e-be-nash-she-wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians of Michigan
923:), Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, now Ontario and Oklahoma
696:(Chippewa, Ojibwa), Ontario, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin
642:: Quebec, Massachusetts, historically New Hampshire and Vermont
479:
471:
446:
202:
2941:
2930:
Trigger, Bruce, volume ed. Sturtevant, William C., general ed.
1763:
Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas
913:), formerly New York, Ontario, and Quebec, 14th century—1580 CE
27:
Native peoples in Eastern Canada and Northeastern United States
1166:
111:. The Saint Lawrence Lowlands area includes parts of Southern
1967:
Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin
827:, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, descendants in Oklahoma
538:
2280:
Bain, Angela Goebel; Manring, Lynne; and Mathews, Barbara.
987:, formerly to the east along the north shore of New Jersey
1956:
Prairie Island Indian Community in the State of Minnesota
895:, formerly North Carolina, currently New York and Ontario
821:), Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri; descendants in Oklahoma
532:
526:
2049:
Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota
2538:
The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Northeast
2060:
Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) of Massachusetts
1783:
Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians
1520:, formerly North Carolina, Virginia, currently New York
490:
which had a population of several thousand people, and
2005:
Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan
228:-speaking cultures had developed in what would become
1984:
Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska
529:
2078:
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
1670:
Chippewa-Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy’s Reservation
1418:, Connecticut, eastern New York, northern New Jersey
535:
2228:"m7/98 Encyclopedia of North American Prehistory M"
1085:) Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, and Vermont
523:
520:
433:The main agricultural crops of the region were the
2535:
2196:
2194:
1711:Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
1498:), Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, West Virginia
3118:Indigenous culture of the Northeastern Woodlands
3088:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
1338:, New York, eastern Hartford County, Connecticut
945:, formerly New York, later Ontario and Wisconsin
587:, Quebec, Maine, and historically New Hampshire
554:, who is the creator and giver of all life. The
308:in Canada. The Western Abenaki live on lands in
96:. It is part of a broader grouping known as the
68:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
2542:. New York: Columbia University Press. p.
2408:. Amsterdam: Academic Press. pp. 529–537.
1248:), Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island
1059:, formerly Passaic River in northern New Jersey
839:, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan, now Oklahoma
634:, Maine, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Quebec
612:, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, and Maine
18:Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands
2934:Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978.
2927:Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978.
2953:
2295:"Sacred fire lights the Wabanaki Confederacy"
1642:Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
833:, formerly Wisconsin, descendants in Oklahoma
801:, formerly Ohio, Illinois, and Kentucky, and
8:
2044:Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians of New York
795:, formerly Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia
670:(Anishinabe, Neshnabé, Nishnaabe) (see also
654:, upper Connecticut River Valley, in Vermont
3113:Lists of indigenous peoples of the Americas
1546:, Maine, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec
1169:, formerly Indiana, descendants in Oklahoma
276:, Abenaki, and Penobscot tribes formed the
236:. Prominent Algonquian tribes included the
2960:
2946:
2938:
2429:Hill, Christina Gish (November 20, 2020).
1795:Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians
88:encompassing the northeastern and Midwest
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
1989:Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan
1897:Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi
1892:Narragansett Indian Tribe of Rhode Island
1729:Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians of Maine
1635:United States Federally Recognized tribes
2717:
2715:
2713:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2176:"History of Pre-colonial North America."
1801:Mashantucket Pequot Tribe of Connecticut
1003:), formerly Westchester County, New York
3098:Indigenous peoples in the United States
2879:
2877:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2808:
2806:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2258:The Empire State: A History of New York
2113:
2093:Southern New England Algonquian cuisine
2088:Native American tribes in Massachusetts
1994:St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin
993:, formerly Westchester County, New York
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2685:National Museum of the American Indian
1610:, now Oklahoma, Kansas, Michigan, and
2441:from the original on January 12, 2021
2254:New York State Historical Association
624:('Pigwacket), Maine and New Hampshire
7:
2483:"Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site"
2153:
2151:
1908:Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin
3093:Indigenous peoples of North America
2932:Handbook of North American Indians.
2493:from the original on April 18, 2021
2382:from the original on March 27, 2019
1939:Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
1875:Mohegan Indian Tribe of Connecticut
1817:Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin
1789:Little River Band of Ottawa Indians
1758:Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas
887:, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia
370:The area that is now the states of
2923:Handbook of North American Indians
2301:(June 27, 2008), ICT Media Network
1944:Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians
1705:Forest County Potawatomi Community
869:, New York, Ontario, and Wisconsin
811:, formerly Massachusetts, New York
84:residing in or originating from a
59:people, depicted in a painting by
25:
2337:. ALHN New Jersey. Archived from
2208:from the original on July 4, 2024
2134:. Capstone Classroom. p. 4.
1972:Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians
1950:Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation
1734:Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska
1700:Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma
1630:List of First Nations governments
1065:, formerly southeast Pennsylvania
851:), Ontario, Quebec, and New York
773:, formerly Pennsylvania, New York
3066:
1626:First Nations in Atlantic Canada
939:), formerly Long Island New York
516:
170:showing the demarcation between
2360:Northeast American Indian Facts
2252:Klein, Milton M. (ed.) and the
2010:Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma
1434:), Michigan, now Iowa, Oklahoma
1296:, Massachusetts, New Hampshire
2311:Horatio Gates Spafford, LL.D.
881:, New York, Ontario, Oklahoma
863:, New York, Ontario and Quebec
648:, Massachusetts, New Hampshire
1:
2534:Bragdon, Kathleen J. (2001).
2335:"Native People of New Jersey"
2282:Native Peoples in New England
1752:Keweenaw Bay Indian Community
1570:, Massachusetts, Rhode Island
1207:), West Virginia and Virginia
857:, New York, Ontario, Oklahoma
595:Saint-François-du-Lac, Quebec
508:center around the concept of
504:The spiritual beliefs of the
220:By around 1100, the distinct
2883:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 291
2862:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 293
2812:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 290
2363:Native American Indian Facts
2055:Tuscarora Nation of New York
2038:Stockbridge Munsee Community
1929:Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine
1837:Six component reservations:
1723:Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin
1717:Hannahville Indian Community
396:Eastern Agricultural Complex
43:, depicted in a portrait by
2378:. Encyclopedia Britannica.
2098:Three Sisters (agriculture)
2065:Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska
2032:Sokaogon Chippewa Community
1913:Onondaga Nation of New York
1446:Outerbanks, North Carolina
482:from growing and retaining
3134:
2973:Indigenous North Americans
2901:Sturtevant and Trigger 255
2871:Fogelson and Sturtevant 81
2838:Sturtevant and Trigger 161
2721:Sturtevant and Trigger 198
2707:Sturtevant and Trigger 241
2264:, Ithaca, New York, 2001,
1768:Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma
1653:Bay Mills Indian Community
1623:
1578:, Mattabeset, Connecticut
1117:, Virginia, North Carolina
393:
284:in the United States, and
168:Northeastern United States
3064:
2979:
2892:Sturtevant and Trigger 96
2687:. Accessed April 8, 2014.
2627:Sturtevant and Trigger ix
2524:. Retrieved March 7, 2019
2472:. Retrieved March 7, 2019
2166:Trigger, "Introduction" 3
2157:Trigger, "Introduction" 2
2132:Eastern Woodlands Indians
2130:Mir Tamim Ansary (2001).
2120:Trigger, "Introduction" 1
2015:Seneca Nation of New York
1903:Oneida Nation of New York
1688:Delaware Tribe of Indians
1676:Citizen Potawatomi Nation
1659:Cayuga Nation of New York
1103:, formerly Massachusetts
755:, formerly North Carolina
558:equivalent of Manitou is
2517:August 28, 2018, at the
2460:Northeast Indian Culture
2365:Retrieved March 7, 2019.
2262:Cornell University Press
2204:. Ohio History Central.
2188:Retrieved July 13, 2013.
1999:Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
1934:Penobscot Tribe of Maine
1918:Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma
1833:Minnesota Chippewa Tribe
1540:), Long Island, New York
1219:, Delaware and Maryland
1157:, Illinois, now Oklahoma
1109:, formerly Massachusetts
1009:, formerly Massachusetts
323:The five nations of the
3103:First Nations in Canada
2522:Encyclopedia Britannica
2293:Toensing, Gale Courey.
2051:, Montana, North Dakota
1822:Miami Tribe of Oklahoma
1806:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
1620:First Nations in Canada
1596:, Connecticut, New York
1475:, Long Island, New York
1332:, western Massachusetts
911:St. Lawrence Iroquoians
3108:Native American tribes
2679:June 24, 2010, at the
2465:March 8, 2019, at the
2181:June 22, 2013, at the
1849:, Minnesota, Wisconsin
1743:Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma
1725:, Minnesota, Wisconsin
1071:, Delaware, New Jersey
805:region, 200 BCE—500 CE
320:of the United States.
194:
152:Southeastern Woodlands
64:
48:
2918:William C. Sturtevant
2320:July 4, 2024, at the
2186:Essential Humanities.
1624:Further information:
1440:, western Connecticut
1238:, coastal Connecticut
1203:, Monekot, Moheton) (
1133:), Michigan, now Iowa
445:(corn), and climbing
378:was inhabited by the
165:
150:to the west, and the
54:
35:
2674:"Cultural Thesaurus"
2402:Mount Pleasant, Jane
2299:Indian Country Today
1745:, also considered a
1736:, also considered a
1694:Eastern Chickahominy
1606:), Ontario south of
1590:, Maryland, Virginia
1342:Powhatan Confederacy
1145:, formerly Illinois
1053:-speaking subgroups
1034:), formerly New York
845:Iroquois Confederacy
815:Illinois Confederacy
767:, Virginia, Maryland
484:moisture in the soil
408:for shelter and of
298:Prince Edward Island
278:Wabanaki Confederacy
121:Saint Lawrence River
2777:Goddard 72, 237–238
2234:on October 20, 2009
1946:, Michigan, Indiana
1664:Chickahominy people
1163:, formerly Illinois
1151:, formerly Illinois
1097:, formerly Michigan
1083:Stockbridge Mahican
1045:, formerly New York
1015:, formerly New York
981:, formerly New York
951:, formerly New York
875:, New York, Ontario
761:, formerly Maryland
730:, formerly Maryland
197:Around 200 B.C the
2800:Goddard 72 and 238
2748:Goddard 72 and 237
2202:"Hopewell Culture"
2083:Hopewell tradition
1978:Sac and Fox Nation
1853:Grand Portage Band
1747:Great Plains tribe
1738:Great Plains tribe
799:Hopewell tradition
463:companion planting
457:). Originating in
306:St. Lawrence River
294:Cape Breton Island
195:
146:to the north, the
129:Central Algonquian
125:Susquehanna Valley
65:
49:
3075:
3074:
3019:Eastern Woodlands
2914:Trigger, Bruce C.
2553:978-0-231-11452-3
2415:978-1-5987-4496-5
2026:Shinnecock Nation
708:(Nakawē), Ontario
684:, Quebec, Ontario
98:Eastern Woodlands
92:and southeastern
45:Charles Bird King
16:(Redirected from
3125:
3070:
3069:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2939:
2916:"Introduction."
2902:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2872:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2839:
2836:
2813:
2810:
2801:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2778:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2749:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2722:
2719:
2708:
2705:
2688:
2671:
2628:
2625:
2558:
2557:
2541:
2531:
2525:
2512:Northeast Indian
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2479:
2473:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2435:The Conversation
2426:
2420:
2419:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2372:
2366:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2331:
2325:
2308:
2302:
2291:
2285:
2278:
2272:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2230:. Archived from
2224:
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2198:
2189:
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2158:
2155:
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1868:White Earth Band
1847:Fond du Lac Band
1552:, Massachusetts
1270:, North Carolina
545:
544:
541:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
428:French explorers
215:Portsmouth, Ohio
199:Hopewell culture
21:
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2994:Northwest Coast
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2341:on May 18, 2022
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2074:
2069:
1863:Mille Lacs Band
1858:Leech Lake Band
1841:Bois Forte Band
1836:
1808:, Massachusetts
1682:Delaware Nation
1637:
1632:
1622:
1617:
1564:, Massachusetts
1558:, Massachusetts
1455:Dasamongueponke
1302:, Massachusetts
1038:Warranawankongs
759:Choptank people
640:Western Abenaki
585:Eastern Abenaki
570:
568:List of peoples
519:
515:
398:
392:
339:confederacy or
331:and around the
325:Iroquois League
268:. The Mi'kmaq,
182:in present-day
160:
72:Native American
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2969:Cultural areas
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1827:Mi'kmaq Nation
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1460:Roanoke people
1457:
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1303:
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1282:, Connecticut
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1232:, Rhode Island
1227:
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1043:Wiechquaeskeck
1040:
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1021:
1016:
1010:
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994:
988:
982:
976:
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946:
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655:
649:
637:
636:
635:
625:
619:
613:
607:
597:
571:
569:
566:
552:Gitche Manitou
391:
388:
230:New York State
224:-speaking and
192:New York state
159:
156:
154:to the south.
119:, much of the
109:North Carolina
107:, south until
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3130:
3119:
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2270:0-8014-3866-7
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2238:September 11,
2233:
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2220:
2207:
2203:
2197:
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2180:
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2152:
2148:
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2141:9781588104519
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2036:
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2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:Shawnee Tribe
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
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1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1514:, Connecticut
1513:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:Susquehannock
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
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1471:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1456:
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1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:, Connecticut
1309:
1306:
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1298:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1275:
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1215:
1212:
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1202:
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1192:
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1179:
1177:, Connecticut
1176:
1173:
1168:
1165:
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1159:
1156:
1153:
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1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1125:
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1116:
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998:
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986:
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882:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
852:
850:
849:Haudenosaunee
846:
843:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
822:
820:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
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769:
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673:
669:
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647:
644:
643:
641:
638:
633:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
610:Passamaquoddy
608:
605:
601:
598:
596:
592:
589:
588:
586:
583:
582:
580:
576:
573:
572:
567:
565:
563:
562:
557:
556:Haudenosaunee
553:
549:
543:
513:
512:
507:
502:
500:
495:
493:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:winter squash
436:
435:Three Sisters
431:
429:
425:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
397:
389:
387:
385:
381:
377:
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368:
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362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:Haudenosaunee
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
318:Massachusetts
315:
311:
310:New Hampshire
307:
304:south of the
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:New Brunswick
283:
279:
275:
274:Passamaquoddy
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:Narragansetts
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
209:Valley (from
208:
204:
200:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:Indian tribes
177:
173:
169:
166:A map of the
164:
157:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
105:United States
101:
99:
95:
91:
90:United States
87:
86:cultural area
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
62:
61:George Catlin
58:
53:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
3051:Aridoamerica
3029:Southeastern
3024:Northeastern
3023:
2931:
2921:
2897:
2888:
2867:
2796:
2773:
2744:
2537:
2529:
2521:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2486:
2477:
2470:Khan Academy
2469:
2455:
2443:. Retrieved
2434:
2424:
2405:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2370:
2362:
2355:
2343:. Retrieved
2339:the original
2329:
2312:
2306:
2298:
2289:
2281:
2276:
2257:
2248:
2236:. Retrieved
2232:the original
2222:
2210:. Retrieved
2185:
2171:
2162:
2131:
2125:
2116:
1961:Rappahannock
1608:Georgian Bay
1438:Schaghticoke
1422:Rappahannock
1372:Chickahominy
1230:Narragansett
1101:Massachusett
1057:Acquackanonk
1028:Wecquaesgeek
959:Rumachenanck
917:Lenni Lenape
748:Newfoundland
734:Attawandaron
714:Odawa people
700:Mississaugas
668:Anishinaabeg
628:Wolastoqiyik
591:Androscoggin
559:
548:Great Spirit
547:
509:
503:
496:
488:
455:common beans
451:tepary beans
432:
418:
399:
380:Lenni-Lenape
369:
329:Pennsylvania
322:
300:and some of
219:
207:Scioto River
196:
188:Pennsylvania
174:(green) and
148:Great Plains
137:
102:
79:First Nation
67:
66:
63:in the 1860s
47:, circa 1835
37:Joseph Brant
29:
3056:Mesoamerica
3009:Great Basin
2791:Goddard 238
2768:Goddard 237
2103:War of 1812
2040:, Wisconsin
2034:, Wisconsin
1974:, Minnesota
1843:(Nett Lake)
1835:, Minnesota
1707:, Wisconsin
1649:, Wisconsin
1530:), Virginia
1508:), Virginia
1494:Conestoga (
1491:), Virginia
1344:, Virginia
1264:), Virginia
1262:Occaneechee
1223:Accohannock
1193:), New York
1143:Mitchigamea
1123:, Wisconsin
1069:Unalachtigo
975:), New York
969:Kichtawanks
961:), New York
803:Black River
746:, formerly
506:Algonquians
478:to prevent
459:Mesoamerica
333:Great Lakes
290:Nova Scotia
288:, mainland
234:New England
140:Great Lakes
3082:Categories
3004:California
2908:References
2739:Goddard 72
2445:January 8,
2028:, New York
2022:, Oklahoma
2001:, New York
1980:, Oklahoma
1963:, Virginia
1925:, Virginia
1899:, Michigan
1888:, Virginia
1882:, Virginia
1797:, Michigan
1791:, Michigan
1785:, Michigan
1754:, Michigan
1719:, Michigan
1713:, Michigan
1696:, Virginia
1690:, Oklahoma
1684:, Oklahoma
1678:, Oklahoma
1666:, Virginia
1655:, Michigan
1594:Wyachtonok
1588:Wicocomico
1584:, New York
1538:Poospatuck
1481:, Virginia
1473:Shinnecock
1424:, Virginia
1416:Quinnipiac
1410:, Virginia
1404:, Virginia
1398:, Virginia
1392:, Virginia
1386:, Virginia
1380:, Virginia
1374:, Virginia
1368:, Virginia
1362:, Virginia
1360:Chesapeake
1356:, Virginia
1354:Arrohateck
1350:, Virginia
1348:Appomattoc
1326:, Maryland
1324:Piscataway
1320:), Ontario
1318:Tionontate
1288:, New York
1280:Paugussett
1276:, Maryland
1258:Occaneechi
1254:, Virginia
1213:, Virginia
1187:Montaukett
1183:, Virginia
1091:, Virginia
1063:Okehocking
1019:Waoranecks
973:Kichtawank
965:Kitchawank
955:Haverstraw
949:Hackensack
907:Laurentian
809:Housatonic
793:Honniasont
740:), Ontario
728:Assateague
720:Potawatomi
579:Tarrantine
406:longhouses
394:See also:
372:New Jersey
262:Pocumtucks
226:Algonquian
184:New Jersey
176:Algonquian
135:speakers.
123:area, and
115:, upstate
3041:Caribbean
3036:Southwest
2989:Subarctic
2497:April 20,
2386:March 26,
2345:March 14,
2314:Appendix…
2212:March 14,
1886:Nansemond
1672:, Montana
1568:Pokanoket
1550:Wampanoag
1534:Unquachog
1518:Tuscarora
1502:Tauxenent
1485:Stuckanox
1479:Stegarake
1402:Paspahegh
1390:Nansemond
1384:Mattaponi
1366:Chesepian
1294:Pawtucket
1217:Nanticoke
1211:Nansemond
1121:Menominee
1107:Ponkapoag
1095:Mascouten
1024:Wappinger
893:Tuscarora
831:Kaskaskia
819:Illiniwek
787:Winnebago
753:Chowanoke
706:Saulteaux
702:, Ontario
690:, Ontario
688:Nipissing
682:Algonquin
672:Subarctic
658:Missiquoi
646:Pennacook
622:Pequawket
616:Penobscot
449:(usually
421:birchbark
365:Tuscarora
266:Wampanoag
246:Penobscot
222:Iroquoian
172:Iroquoian
144:Subarctic
2677:Archived
2515:Archived
2491:Archived
2463:Archived
2439:Archived
2380:Archived
2318:Archived
2206:Archived
2179:Archived
2072:See also
1952:, Kansas
1923:Pamunkey
1614:, Quebec
1544:Wabanaki
1528:Nahyssan
1489:Stukanox
1450:Croatoan
1408:Powhatan
1396:Pamunkey
1378:Kiskiack
1330:Pocumtuc
1300:Naumkeag
1286:Potatuck
1274:Patuxent
1268:Pamplico
1252:Nottaway
1201:Monetons
1149:Moingona
1127:Meskwaki
1115:Meherrin
1089:Manahoac
1032:Nochpeem
1001:Sintsink
985:Navasink
979:Minisink
937:Canarsee
933:Canarsie
921:Delaware
901:Kickapoo
873:Onondaga
783:Ho-Chunk
777:Etchemin
652:Cowasuck
632:Maliseet
606:), Maine
600:Kennebec
476:sunlight
468:nitrogen
416:shells.
384:Oklahoma
376:Delaware
367:tribes.
357:Onondaga
337:Iroquois
270:Maliseet
254:Mohegans
238:Abenakis
211:Columbus
117:New York
70:include
2999:Plateau
2376:"Canoe"
1880:Monacan
1829:, Maine
1612:Wendake
1600:Wyandot
1576:Wangunk
1562:Patuxet
1467:Shawnee
1444:Secotan
1246:Nipmuck
1236:Niantic
1197:Monyton
1191:Montauk
1181:Monacan
1175:Mohegan
1161:Tamaroa
1137:Mi'kmaq
1079:Mahican
1007:Siwanoy
997:Sinsink
991:Raritan
825:Cahokia
779:, Maine
744:Beothuk
738:Neutral
618:, Maine
575:Abenaki
511:Manitou
492:Cahokia
470:to the
402:wigwams
390:Culture
314:Vermont
250:Pequots
242:Mi'kmaq
158:History
113:Ontario
3046:Mexico
3014:Plains
2984:Arctic
2550:
2487:UNESCO
2412:
2268:
2138:
1556:Nauset
1524:Tutelo
1512:Tunxis
1336:Podunk
1308:Pequot
1242:Nipmuc
1205:Siouan
1155:Peoria
1013:Tappan
943:Esopus
927:Munsee
879:Seneca
867:Oneida
861:Mohawk
855:Cayuga
694:Ojibwe
676:Plains
604:Caniba
561:orenda
414:quahog
410:wampum
361:Seneca
353:Oneida
349:Cayuga
345:Mohawk
335:. The
316:, and
302:Quebec
264:, and
190:, and
178:(red)
133:Siouan
94:Canada
75:tribes
57:Lenape
55:Three
41:Mohawk
2109:Notes
1604:Huron
1582:Wenro
1314:Petun
1051:Unami
885:Mingo
837:Miami
765:Conoy
499:totem
480:weeds
447:beans
443:maize
424:canoe
282:Maine
82:bands
2548:ISBN
2499:2021
2447:2021
2410:ISBN
2388:2019
2347:2019
2266:ISBN
2240:2008
2214:2019
2136:ISBN
1628:and
1506:Doeg
1428:Sauk
771:Erie
472:soil
419:The
404:and
374:and
363:and
232:and
203:Ohio
138:The
131:and
77:and
39:, a
2971:of
1432:Sac
1167:Wea
1131:Fox
550:or
453:or
213:to
3084::
2876:^
2843:^
2817:^
2805:^
2782:^
2753:^
2726:^
2712:^
2692:^
2683:.
2632:^
2562:^
2546:.
2544:18
2489:.
2485:.
2437:.
2433:.
2297:,
2260:,
2256:,
2193:^
2150:^
1030:,
971:,
678:)
674:,
630:,
564:.
539:uː
486:.
441:,
437::
386:.
359:,
355:,
351:,
347:,
312:,
296:,
292:,
272:,
260:,
256:,
252:,
248:,
244:,
240:,
186:,
2961:e
2954:t
2947:v
2925:.
2556:.
2501:.
2449:.
2418:.
2390:.
2349:.
2242:.
2216:.
2144:.
1602:(
1536:(
1526:(
1504:(
1487:(
1430:(
1316:(
1260:(
1244:(
1199:(
1189:(
1129:(
1081:(
1026:(
999:(
967:(
957:(
935:(
919:(
909:(
847:(
817:(
785:(
736:(
602:(
577:(
542:/
536:t
533:ɪ
530:n
527:æ
524:m
521:ˈ
518:/
514:(
20:)
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