1144:
1938:
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227:
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445:(M1-3)). The piece is about 6 inches long, 5 inches wide and just over 3 inches high. In addition, the fossils include 15 more objects including the skull bones (frontal and nasal bones), lower jaw fragments and teeth and the upper and lower jaw. It was about 20 cm tall at the shoulder and weighed about 5–6 kg.
464:, but their teeth are more specialised. The dentition of the mandible that was reconstructed (from two left fragments) made up the complete sequence of the original teeth of mammals: with three
495:
cusps on the occlusal surface-bearing structure). Between these bumps were approaches for forming transverse strips on the first two molars and on the rearmost molar, which is typical in
499:. The premolars had only one (lower jaw) or two (in the maxilla) cusps. The first incisor is relatively large and asymmetric and already showed signs of reduction. These facts link
996:(sharks and rays). This places the findings in a geological time ranging from 61.1 to 57.8 million years ago. The genus was named by Emmanuel Gheerbrant (2009). The name
2045:
2101:
1177:
2032:
1126:
Rodolphe Tabuce, Raphaël Sarr, Sylvain Adnet, Renaud Lebrun, Fabrice
Lihoreau, Jeremy E. Martin, Bernard Sambou, Mustapha Thiam und Lionel Hautier:
2086:
988:
fossils were found in the "lower bone bed" of the phosphate layer. Other fossils from this layer include earliest evidence of the carnivorous
2111:
514:
was relatively far forward in the skull. Most other early
Paenungulata had an orbit significantly shifted to the rear position of the skull.
2106:
108:
2091:
1170:
46:
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1937:
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between the canine tooth on the front and back teeth. This primitive mammalian dentition is unique among
Proboscideans.
61:
1163:
42:
247:
561:) which together form one of the most complete evolutionary sequences of early mammalian radiations following the
68:
35:
397:. It lived about 60 million years ago. It was first named by Emmanuel Gheerbrant in 2009 and the type species is
1924:
75:
1987:
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support the hypothesis that paenungulates originated in Africa and diversified rapidly in the
Paleocene.
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343:
57:
2019:
1950:
1931:
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honors the residents of the village of Ouled Azzouz, near where most of the fossils were discovered.
562:
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320:
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comes from the Greek words "eρυ" (eri: old) and "θηρίον" (therion: animal), while the species name
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1292:
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242:
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529:, although it remains unassigned to any family within this order. Fitting with its great age,
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1107:
1063:
1053:
1960:
1955:
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1416:
1400:
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Filling a gap in the proboscidean fossil record: a new genus from the
Lutetian of Senegal.
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434:
226:
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1034:"Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates"
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421:(specimen number MNHN PM69) is now in the Musée d'histoire naturelle - Guimet in
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1870:
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1612:
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24:
2010:
1038:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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1139:
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suggest that the closest relatives of the proboscid lineage are the manatees (
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with other early
Proboscideans. Another primitive characteristic is the short
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The reconstruction of the upper portion of the skull showed that the
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269:
1981:
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2024:
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phosphate basin in
Morocco. These are 10 to 20 km south of
422:
1985:
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shared similarities in the structure of their teeth with other
18:
1093:"Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans"
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1994:
1823:
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1534:
1483:
1414:
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1343:
1239:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
405:is the oldest, smallest and most primitive known
537:to all other primitive proboscideans (including
984:) two early proboscideans were described. The
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8:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
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1017:
1982:
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525:is the oldest known representative of the
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129:
1111:
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1013:
480:. The tooth row was closed and had no
7:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
2102:Prehistoric monotypic mammal genera
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589:. The great age and location of
460:or early representatives of the
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23:
1130:Journal of Paleontology, 2019,
34:needs additional citations for
992:, and a diverse assortment of
1:
2087:Fossil taxa described in 2009
1100:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2112:Prehistoric placental genera
1032:Emmanuel Gheerbrant (2009).
437:, each of the two posterior
2107:Paleocene mammals of Africa
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599:in cladogram after Tabuce
487:The molars were generally
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243:Scientific classification
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429:(with approaches of the
121:Not to be confused with
16:Extinct genus of mammals
2092:Paleocene proboscideans
1132:doi:10.1017/jpa.2019.98
1091:Larramendi, A. (2016).
1059:10.1073/pnas.0900251106
1113:10.4202/app.00136.2014
585:) they form the group
2059:Paleobiology Database
441:(P3 and 4) and three
399:Eritherium azzouzorum
356:Eritherium azzouzorum
236:Eritherium azzouzorum
2097:Transitional fossils
1951:Plesielephantiformes
1186:Genera of the order
956:History of discovery
563:K/T extinction event
456:such as the extinct
43:improve this article
1539:Choerolophodontidae
1150:Paleontology portal
1050:2009PNAS..10610717G
1044:(26): 10717–10721.
567:Cladistic analyses
435:maxillary branches
387:Ouled Abdoun basin
335:E. azzouzorum
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1988:Taxon identifiers
1979:
1978:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1901:Stegotetrabelodon
1770:Paratetralophodon
1410:
1409:
976:, where in 1996 (
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951:
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934:
933:
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581:and the hyraxes (
507:of the mandible.
491:(i.e. with small
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2014:
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1928:
1927:
1898:
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1878:
1868:
1858:
1848:
1796:
1749:
1667:
1627:Progomphotherium
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1537:
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1451:
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1431:
1423:
1376:
1346:
1331:
1321:
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1280:
1270:
1260:
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1237:
1180:
1173:
1166:
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1152:
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1134:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1097:
1088:
1082:
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1071:
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960:The findings of
846:
803:
778:
726:
719:
694:
669:
644:
619:
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577:. Together with
425:and includes an
362:Gheerbrant, 2009
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138:Temporal range:
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114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2062:
2057:
2049:
2044:
2036:
2031:
2023:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1990:
1980:
1975:
1961:Elephantimorpha
1956:Numidotheriidae
1941:
1922:
1906:
1819:
1789:
1751:
1750:"Tetralophodont
1742:
1669:
1660:
1569:Amebelodontidae
1560:
1530:
1479:
1419:
1417:Elephantiformes
1406:
1401:Prodeinotherium
1369:
1339:
1244:
1231:
1190:
1184:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1125:
1121:
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1031:
1030:
1015:
1010:
958:
953:
944:
935:
926:
917:
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890:
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854:Elephantiformes
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520:
497:lophodont teeth
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104:
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52:
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40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2127:
2126:
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2114:
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1911:
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1891:Stegodibelodon
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1818:
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1723:Rhynchotherium
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1599:Archaeobelodon
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1555:Choerolophodon
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1434:Dagbatitherium
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978:Phosphatherium
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1843:
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1809:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1798:Stegodontidae
1792:
1786:
1785:
1784:Tetralophodon
1781:
1779:
1778:
1777:Pediolophodon
1774:
1772:
1771:
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1737:Stegomastodon
1734:
1732:
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1727:
1725:
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1717:
1716:Notiomastodon
1713:
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1709:Gomphotherium
1706:
1704:
1703:
1702:Gnathabelodon
1699:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1681:Blancotherium
1678:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1668:"Trilophodont
1663:
1657:
1656:
1655:Torynobelodon
1652:
1650:
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1643:
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1631:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1622:
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1615:
1614:
1610:
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1607:
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1600:
1596:
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1593:
1592:Aphanobelodon
1589:
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1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1572:
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1563:
1557:
1556:
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1549:
1548:Afrochoerodon
1545:
1544:
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1540:
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1527:
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1515:
1513:
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1418:
1413:
1403:
1402:
1398:
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1395:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1387:Chilgatherium
1384:
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1381:
1379:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1354:
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1348:Barytheriidae
1342:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1314:Numidotherium
1308:
1306:
1305:
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1295:
1294:
1287:
1285:
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1263:Arcanotherium
1257:
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1246:
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1228:
1224:
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1215:
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1201:
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994:elasmobranchs
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987:
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979:
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966:Sidi Chennane
963:
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787:Arcanotherium
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
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1929:
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1825:Elephantidae
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1753:gomphotheres
1735:
1730:Sinomastodon
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1671:gomphotheres
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1648:Stenobelodon
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1620:Platybelodon
1618:
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1604:
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1578:Afromastodon
1576:
1553:
1546:
1525:Zygolophodon
1523:
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1472:
1462:
1454:Hemimastodon
1452:
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1394:Deinotherium
1392:
1385:
1364:Omanitherium
1362:
1355:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1304:Moeritherium
1302:
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1273:Daouitherium
1271:
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1216:Superorder:
1127:
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1086:
1041:
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1001:
997:
985:
982:Daouitherium
981:
980:) and 2002 (
977:
970:Ouled Abdoun
968:, quarry in
961:
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867:
851:
830:Moeritherium
828:
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753:Omanitherium
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678:Daouitherium
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587:Paenungulata
579:Embrithopoda
558:Daouitherium
556:
552:Moeritherium
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454:Paenungulata
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319:Gheerbrant,
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99:January 2013
96:
86:
79:
72:
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58:"Eritherium"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1966:Elephantida
1871:Primelephas
1688:Cuvieronius
1634:Protanancus
1613:Konobelodon
1606:Eurybelodon
1504:Losodokodon
1357:Barytherium
1293:Khamsaconus
1242:Proboscidea
1227:Tethytheria
1188:Proboscidea
974:Grand Daoui
962:Eritherium
735:Barytherium
612:Proboscidea
575:Desmostylia
531:Eritherium
527:Proboscidea
518:Systematics
501:Eritherium
450:Eritherium
448:Generally,
413:Description
403:Eritherium
383:Proboscidea
300:Proboscidea
2081:Categories
1996:Eritherium
1949:See also:
1641:Serbelodon
1585:Amebelodon
1518:Sinomammut
1488:Mammutidae
1283:Eritherium
1218:Afrotheria
1008:References
1002:azzouzorum
998:Eritherium
986:Eritherium
964:come from
628:Eritherium
597:Eritherium
591:Eritherium
583:Hyracoidea
523:Eritherium
512:eye socket
476:and three
409:relative.
371:Eritherium
314:Eritherium
134:Eritherium
69:newspapers
1851:Mammuthus
1841:Loxodonta
1695:Eubelodon
1497:Eozygodon
1198:Kingdom:
603:., 2019:
505:symphysis
474:premolars
439:premolars
427:upper jaw
391:Thanetian
381:of early
328:Species:
266:Kingdom:
260:Eukaryota
140:Selandian
2025:31992899
2011:Q1354868
2005:Wikidata
1807:Stegodon
1444:Eritreum
1334:Saloumia
1212:Mammalia
1206:Chordata
1204:Phylum:
1200:Animalia
1078:19549873
812:Saloumia
489:bunodont
482:diastema
466:incisors
462:manatees
433:and two
419:holotype
407:elephant
290:Mammalia
280:Chordata
276:Phylum:
270:Animalia
256:Domain:
145:60
123:Eritreum
2051:1472676
2038:8672689
1834:Elephas
1763:Anancus
1474:Phiomia
1210:Class:
1069:2705600
1046:Bibcode
614:
571:Sirenia
472:, four
395:Morocco
389:(early
376:extinct
353:†
332:†
306:Genus:
296:Order:
286:Class:
234:Jaw of
214:↓
83:scholar
2064:157501
1511:Mammut
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573:) and
493:enamel
478:molars
470:canine
468:, one
443:molars
393:age),
374:is an
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2046:IRMNG
1223:Clade
1096:(PDF)
601:et al
535:basal
379:genus
90:JSTOR
76:books
2033:GBIF
1074:PMID
555:and
423:Lyon
417:The
321:2009
153:PreꞒ
62:news
2020:EoL
1108:doi
1064:PMC
1054:doi
1042:106
565:.
533:is
45:by
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203:Pg
147:Ma
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1179:e
1172:t
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1110::
1080:.
1056::
1048::
310:†
208:N
198:K
193:J
188:T
183:P
178:C
173:D
168:S
163:O
158:Ꞓ
125:.
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106:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
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66:·
39:.
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