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the outcome of each case. Each patient was followed up on for at least one year to observe long-term outcomes. It was his lifelong pursuit to establish an "end results system" to track the outcomes of patient treatments as an opportunity to identify clinical misadventures that serve as the foundation for improving the care of future patients. He also believed that all of this information should be made public so that patients could be guided in their choices of physicians and hospitals.
192:. However, in 1914, the hospital refused his plan for evaluating surgeon competence, and he lost his staff privileges there. Dr. Codman eventually established his own hospital (which he called the "End Result Hospital") to pursue the performance measurement and improvement objectives he believed in so fervently. To support his "end results theory," Dr. Codman made public the end results of his own hospital in a privately published book,
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Codman was also a public health pioneer, studying hospital outcomes to determine how they could be improved. Codman wrote, "We believe it is the duty of every hospital to establish a follow-up system, so that as far as possible the result of every case will be available at all times for investigation
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care. Codman was the first
American doctor to follow the progress of patients through their recoveries in a systematic manner. He kept track of his patients via "End Result Cards" which contained basic demographic data on every patient treated, along with the diagnosis, the treatment he rendered, and
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In 1996, in tribute to Ernest Codman, M.D., the Joint
Commission published the book "Codman: A Study in Hospital Efficiency." The Commission also established the Ernest A. Codman Award for the use of outcomes measures to advance the quality and safety of patient care.
139:, M.D., (December 30, 1869 – November 23, 1940) was an American surgeon who made contributions to anaesthesiology, radiology, duodenal ulcer surgery, orthopaedic oncology, shoulder surgery, and the study of medical outcomes.
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Donabedian A. "The end results of health care: Ernest Codman's contribution to quality assessment and beyond." Milbank
Quarterly, 67(2): 233-256, 1989.
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The middle name is sometimes given incorrectly. "Amory" is correct as shown by his works and
Harvard documentation available online in image form.
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188:. He joined the surgical staff of Massachusetts General and became a member of the Harvard faculty. While there, he instituted the first
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Millenson, Michael L. Demanding
Medical Excellence: Doctors and Accountability in the Information Age. University of Chicago Press, 1999.
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Berwick D. M. "E. A. Codman and the rhetoric of battle: a commentary." Milbank
Quarterly, 67(2): 262-267, 1989.1 5.
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by members of the staff, the trustees, or administration, or by other authorized investigators or statisticians."
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Dr. Codman was a self-described atheist and was known to provoke his peers with exaggeration and humor.
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can be found at The Center for the
History of Medicine at the Countway Library, Harvard Medical School.
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Of the 337 patients discharged between 1911 and 1916, Dr. Codman recorded and published 123 errors.
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in the United States, an idea which had first been suggested by the
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With an interest in health care quality, Dr. Codman also helped lead the founding of the
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reform and is the acknowledged founder of what today is known as outcomes management in
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Bursitis subacronialis, or periarthritis of the shoulder joint (sub-deltoid bursitis)
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https://web.archive.org/web/20080723224614/http://www.neses.com/news.php
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Codman
Biography on website of New England Shoulder and Elbow Society:
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Dr. Codman married
Katherine P. Bowditch on November 16, 1899.
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Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
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Ernest Amory Codman: The End Result of a Life in Medicine
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234:), and "Codman's Tumor," a benign tumor of the
298:Bone Histology: An Anthropological Perspective
295:Crowder, Christian; Stout, Sam (2011-09-22).
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91:Establishing end results based medical care.
353:"Facts about the Ernest Amory Codman Award"
211:. He also established the first bone tumor
207:. The latter entity eventually became the
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576:St. Mark's School (Massachusetts) alumni
497:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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222:Dr. Codman's name is also attached to "
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465:. Boston, Mass.: Privately printed.
395:"Quality and Safety in Health Care"
190:morbidity and mortality conferences
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376:"Puzzling over Medical Mysteries"
205:Hospital Standardization Program
301:. CRC Press. pp. 320–321.
194:A Study in Hospital Efficiency.
566:Harvard Medical School faculty
525:The Ernest Amory Codman papers
463:A Study in Hospital Efficiency
186:Massachusetts General Hospital
121:Massachusetts General Hospital
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556:Harvard Medical School alumni
474:. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
450:Codman, Ernest Amory (1908).
493:Demanding Medical Excellence
393:Neuhauser, D. (March 2002).
201:American College of Surgeons
489:Millenson, Michael (1997).
470:Mallon, William J. (2000).
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461:Codman, Ernest A. (1916).
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399:BMJ Quality & Safety
184:in 1895 and interned at
64:Ponkapoag, Massachusetts
357:www.jointcommission.org
586:Harvard College alumni
571:Physicians from Boston
335:"Ernest Armory Codman"
182:Harvard Medical School
180:Codman graduated from
168:He was an advocate of
380:dartmed.dartmouth.edu
48:Boston, Massachusetts
411:10.1136/qhc.11.1.104
161:, matriculating at
142:Codman was born in
137:Ernest Amory Codman
20:Ernest Amory Codman
339:www.whonamedit.com
224:Codman's Exercises
149:. He attended the
125:Harvard University
82:Harvard University
581:Fay School alumni
551:American surgeons
546:American atheists
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70:Nationality
535:Categories
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385:2006-06-23
367:2006-06-23
344:2006-06-23
328:References
151:Fay School
41:1869-12-30
236:cartilage
219:in 1803.
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213:registry
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111:Surgery
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
