251:
167:, was fairly diplomatic and had relied on agreements with the local people and the protection of the chief Mata-Boike, with whom he had exchanged blood. After Mata-Boike's death in 1886, the inhabitants of the station felt threatened and began to use force against the neighboring villages. The European leaders at the time, Baert and Van Kerckhoven, were no longer bound by blood pacts. They set out to bring the local population into total submission. Baert attacked the Bapoto of
613:, therefore had himself carried in a hammock from Ganda to join Baert in Magora. He reached there on 4 December 1893 to find that Baert and Gustin had left for Mundu. Delanghe reached Mundu on 11 December 1893. The forces there were suffering from famine. Baert disarmed the Azande irregulars, but some revolted and attacked the station head Dautzenberg, who required aid from Bonvalet to escape. On 1 January 1894 Baert decided to return to
370:
300:
474:
400:
458:
384:
430:
328:
444:
356:
416:
314:
258:
342:
286:
272:
648:
that could be used to reoccupy the
Enclave. Baert reached Dungu on 7 July 1894 with Francqui, who was to take over command of Uele District from Delanghe and assist the Nile expedition. Exhausted and suffering from hematuria, Baert died in Dungu on 15 August 1894. In November 1894 Paul Lemarînel
605:
auxiliaries. They reached Mundu on 28 August 1893. On 21 September 1893 Delanghe was in Ganda, where he heard that Baert was preparing to leave Mundu for Magora and Ganda with
Bonvallet, Van Holsbeek, Delmotte and Ray. At Magora difficulties began with the irregulars, some of whom deserted. The
518:
post at the confluence of the
Maringa and the Lopori in May 1890 to stop the Arab raids and put an end to cannibalism and the slave trade. He left Lothaire in command of the post. At first the local people fully supported the pacification of the region, but later the Belgians began a policy of
126:
Ernest Baert was born in
Brussels on 12 August 1860. His parents were Polydore Baert and Emilie-Bernardine Duvieusart. He entered the Ecole Militaire on 4 December 1876. He was appointed second lieutenant on 22 December 1878 and assigned on 19 April 1881 to the 5th artillery regiment. He was
31:
584:
that Baert had requested. Baert had been ordered by the king to evacuate the posts from the Nile and focus on consolidating the positions acquired in the Uele basin. However, Baert intended to settle at
Kavalli on Lake Albert as soon as possible, to forestall
501:
and reached Boma on 19 June 1889. He took over the
Bangalas district from Van Kerkhoven on 8 October 1889. He continued his predecessor's system of using rivers to expand power into the interior. At the start of 1890 he went up the
592:
Rather than travel to the Nile at Dufilé and then ascend to Lake Albert, Baert decided to take a short route from Ganda to
Kavalli through the mountains, risking supply problems and hostile local people. Baert and Ray left
625:. With almost all the garrisons of Haut Uele in revolt, Baert left Mundu for Niangara on 22 January 1894. The Bonvalet-Devos column, which had been told to evacuate the posts east of Dungu, was massacred on 2 March 1894.
206:
rivers. Baert made many improvements to the post of
Bangalas. He set up sites for the manufacture of tiles and paving stones, and increased the cultivation of coffee and cotton. He was replaced at Bangalas by
151:
on 2 August 1885. He was assigned to the study of the Bas-Congo railway line, then assigned to the topographic brigade. He spent the first part of his term in the Bas-Congo. He was appointed to replace
578:
as commander of the Haut-Uele
Expedition, and had reached the Nile. Hearing of Baert's arrival, Delanghe left Laboré on 17 August 1893 to take Aléma and Ganda, taking with him the contingents of the
562:
on 6 January 1893, and reached Boma on 1 February 1893. When news came than Van
Kerckhoven had died, he was appointed to take over the Haut Uele Expedition and planned to reach the Nile by way of
250:
198:) and the Ebola-Dua confluence on 1 December 1886, and founded a station at Moboika before returning to Bangalas. He had shown that the Mongala could be used as a route to reach the
238:, then to Banana on 20 June 1888, where he embarked for Europe. On his return to Belgium he was received by the king and queen, who congratulated him on his explorations.
892:
848:
622:
182:
despite the hostility of the local people, who attempted to capture the steamers. He left Bangala on 23 November 1886 and ascended the Mongala on the
171:
on the pretext of the release of the soldiers captured by the Bapoto. Van Kerckhoven subdued the villages in the South to end the slave trade on the
144:
594:
85:
235:
148:
128:
194:. The large local population became increasingly hostile as the expedition advanced, and attacked it several times. He reached Mongwandi (
628:
Baert waited at Niangara for reinforcements so he could again move east, but all available forces were fighting the Arabs in the north of
897:
234:
in four stages of 8–11 hours of walking. He reached Yangambi on 17 January 1888. At the end of his term of service he went down to
550:. He then handed over command to Lieutenant Lothaire at the end of his second term, and returned to Europe on 30 April 1892.
511:
153:
114:(12 August 1860 – 15 August 1894) was a Belgian soldier, explorer and colonial administrator who was active in the
887:
606:
Azande from Bokoyo refused to march. On 15 November he wrote to Delange saying he would not advance from Magora.
571:
815:"Elements pour une ethno-histoire de Basankusu (Equateur, Zaire) En marge d'un centenaire (1890-1990)"
882:
877:
575:
563:
36:
535:
527:
30:
826:
773:
617:
to prepare a new program for occupying Haut Uele, and to give up maintenance of garrisons in the
522:
In 1890 he founded the post of Mongwandi at Businga on the Mongala. During an exploration of the
191:
164:
40:
157:
115:
519:
oppression and terror against villages that did not harvest the required amount of rubber.
208:
187:
645:
580:
523:
871:
586:
531:
507:
503:
223:
179:
172:
795:
618:
543:
199:
641:
231:
539:
203:
127:
seconded to the Military Cartographic Institute, and entered service with the
632:. Baert therefore decided to abandon all the posts upstream from Djabir and
610:
547:
515:
215:
546:
and founded a station at the confluence of this river and the Maringa, at
614:
227:
66:
830:
814:
777:
761:
637:
629:
514:"to combat and prevent incursions by bands of slavers." He founded the
494:
219:
195:
802:(in French), vol. I, Inst. roy. colon. belge, pp. col. 54-57
633:
602:
598:
567:
168:
840:
787:
644:
to serve as a supply base for operations towards Lake Albert and
186:
for 66 hours to the furthest point reached by his predecessors
558:
Baert was promoted to state inspector. He left Antwerp on the
218:
Baert traveled by land, in a particularly marshy region, from
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
16:
Belgian soldier, explorer and colonial administrator
640:. He planned to supply Gombari by a route from the
101:
93:
74:
52:
21:
493:Baert was appointed a district commissioner, left
139:Baert embarked on 29 June 1885 at Antwerp on the
743:
707:
695:
597:on 14 August 1893 with 86 African soldiers. At
856:(in French), Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale
762:"Les Debuts de la S.A.B. a l'Equateur (ZaĂŻre)"
719:
649:succeeded him in command of the Uele region.
510:, ascended the Maringa and founded a post in
8:
534:who were going to Djabir's residence on the
105:Soldier, explorer and colonial administrator
683:
29:
18:
369:
178:Baert undertook two explorations of the
731:
657:
893:International Association of the Congo
129:International Association of the Congo
160:, which he reached on 28 April 1886.
7:
760:Boelaert, Edmond; Vinck, H. (1988),
299:
473:
399:
636:apart from Dungu, Akka, Mundu and
609:Delanghe, who was recovering from
457:
383:
14:
813:Lonkama, Ekonyo Bandɛngɔ (1990),
526:, below the Go Rapids Baert met
472:
456:
442:
429:
428:
414:
398:
382:
368:
354:
340:
327:
326:
312:
298:
284:
270:
256:
249:
847:Omasombo Tshonda, Jean (2015),
443:
355:
621:and perhaps even on the upper
415:
313:
257:
1:
341:
242:Second Congo term (1889–1892)
285:
271:
135:First Congo term (1885–1888)
45:Sur le Haut Congo 1882- 1886
554:Last Congo term (1892–1894)
154:Willem Frans Van Kerckhoven
147:on 28 July 1885 He reached
914:
898:Congo Free State officials
800:Biographie Coloniale Belge
825:, Honoré Vinck: 365–408,
720:Boelaert & Vinck 1988
163:The former station head,
28:
601:they were joined by 350
794:Coosemans, M. (1948b),
772:, Honoré Vinck: 51–69,
589:advancing from Uganda.
122:Early years (1860–1885)
497:on 18 May 1889 on the
744:Omasombo Tshonda 2015
708:Omasombo Tshonda 2015
696:Omasombo Tshonda 2015
542:. Baert explored the
538:, a tributary of the
576:Jules Alexandre Milz
37:Camille Van den Plas
819:Annales Aequatoria
766:Annales Aequatoria
572:Florimond Delanghe
88:, Congo Free State
192:Camille Coquilhat
165:Camille Coquilhat
131:on 16 June 1885.
109:
108:
41:Camille Coquilhat
905:
888:Belgian soldiers
863:
862:
861:
855:
843:
838:
837:
809:
808:
807:
796:"BAERT (Ernest)"
790:
785:
784:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
570:on 2 June 1893.
476:
475:
460:
459:
446:
445:
432:
431:
418:
417:
402:
401:
386:
385:
376:Bangalas station
372:
371:
358:
357:
344:
343:
330:
329:
316:
315:
302:
301:
288:
287:
274:
273:
260:
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253:
158:Bangalas station
116:Congo Free State
81:
62:
60:
33:
19:
913:
912:
908:
907:
906:
904:
903:
902:
868:
867:
866:
859:
857:
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835:
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759:
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742:
738:
730:
726:
718:
714:
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694:
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684:Coosemans 1948b
682:
659:
655:
566:. He arrive in
556:
491:
490:
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488:
487:
486:
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482:
477:
469:
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453:
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293:
289:
281:
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279:
275:
267:
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261:
244:
214:Accompanied by
209:Hubert Lothaire
188:George Grenfell
143:and arrived at
137:
124:
89:
83:
79:
70:
64:
58:
56:
48:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
911:
909:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
870:
869:
865:
864:
844:
810:
791:
756:
754:
751:
749:
748:
736:
734:, p. 365.
724:
712:
710:, p. 119.
700:
698:, p. 118.
688:
656:
654:
651:
646:Bahr-el-Djebel
581:Force Publique
574:had succeeded
555:
552:
524:Itimbiri River
479:
478:
471:
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463:
462:
455:
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449:
448:
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427:
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283:
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269:
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240:
136:
133:
123:
120:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
84:
82:(aged 34)
78:15 August 1894
76:
72:
71:
65:
63:12 August 1860
54:
50:
49:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
910:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
873:
852:
851:
845:
842:
832:
828:
824:
821:(in French),
820:
816:
811:
801:
797:
792:
789:
779:
775:
771:
768:(in French),
767:
763:
758:
757:
752:
746:, p. 17.
745:
740:
737:
733:
728:
725:
722:, p. 57.
721:
716:
713:
709:
704:
701:
697:
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689:
685:
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678:
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631:
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607:
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596:
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588:
587:Gerald Portal
583:
582:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:Sultan Djabir
529:
528:JĂ©rĂ´me Becker
525:
520:
517:
513:
509:
508:Maringa River
505:
504:Lulonga River
500:
496:
484:
466:
408:
392:
252:
241:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:Aruwimi River
221:
217:
212:
210:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:Mongala River
176:
174:
173:Lulonga River
170:
166:
161:
159:
155:
150:
146:
142:
134:
132:
130:
121:
119:
117:
113:
104:
102:Occupation(s)
100:
96:
92:
87:
77:
73:
68:
55:
51:
47:, Paris, 1888
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
20:
858:, retrieved
849:
839:– via
834:, retrieved
822:
818:
804:, retrieved
799:
786:– via
781:, retrieved
769:
765:
739:
732:Lonkama 1990
727:
715:
703:
691:
627:
619:Lado Enclave
608:
591:
579:
559:
557:
544:Lopori River
536:Zagiri River
521:
498:
492:
480:
464:
406:
390:
306:LĂ©opoldville
213:
183:
177:
162:
140:
138:
125:
112:Ernest Baert
111:
110:
80:(1894-08-15)
44:
23:Ernest Baert
883:1894 deaths
878:1860 births
642:Ituri River
623:Dungu River
564:Lake Albert
407:Itimbiri R.
232:Congo River
94:Nationality
872:Categories
860:2020-09-14
836:2020-09-14
806:2020-09-13
783:2020-09-14
540:Uele River
465:Aruwimi R.
391:Mongala R.
59:1860-08-12
35:Baert and
611:hematuria
548:Basankusu
516:Basankusu
216:Tippu Tip
141:Baltimore
69:, Belgium
831:25836579
778:25836481
615:Niangara
436:Yangambi
334:Niangara
228:Yangambi
67:Brussels
850:Mongala
753:Sources
638:Gombari
630:Maniema
560:Lualaba
506:to the
499:Lualaba
495:Antwerp
450:Yambuya
362:Gombari
230:on the
222:on the
220:Yambuya
196:Businga
156:at the
97:Belgian
829:
776:
634:Ibembo
603:Azande
599:Bokoyo
568:Djabir
483:Albert
422:Ibembo
320:Djabir
264:Banana
200:Ubangi
184:A.I.A.
169:Lisala
145:Banana
854:(PDF)
841:JSTOR
827:JSTOR
788:JSTOR
774:JSTOR
653:Notes
595:Dungu
512:Bauru
348:Dungu
86:Dungu
39:from
530:and
481:Lake
292:Vivi
278:Boma
236:Boma
204:Uele
202:and
190:and
149:Vivi
75:Died
53:Born
226:to
874::
823:11
817:,
798:,
764:,
660:^
211:.
175:.
118:.
43:,
770:9
686:.
61:)
57:(
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