604:
136:
113:
909:
969:
327:
to the animals. There is no evidence that they possessed a mouth or gut. Because they may have been found in water which was too deep to permit photosynthesis β and in some cases, lived half-buried in sediment, it is speculated that they fed by
336:. Such a lifestyle requires a very high surface area to volume ratio β higher than is observed in fossils. However, this paradox can be resolved if much of the volume of the organisms was not metabolically active. Many
953:
1010:
946:
511:
1039:
939:
1044:
344:
the organism while it was alive, this would reduce its metabolically active volume enough to make osmotic feeding viable.
396:
Xiao, S.; LaFlamme, M. (2009). "On the eve of animal radiation: phylogeny, ecology and evolution of the
Ediacara biota".
135:
1003:
504:
371:
1029:
996:
303:, who have by some been included in this group but are by no means clear members, are found through to the
1034:
497:
447:
758:
695:
919:
130:
779:
323:
crown-group have been rebutted, and it is most likely that these peculiar organisms lie in the
475:
413:
980:
923:
765:
465:
455:
405:
976:
893:
567:
451:
862:
723:
612:
603:
470:
435:
365:
258:
254:
1023:
871:
730:
709:
574:
554:
359:
304:
70:
879:
751:
716:
681:
668:
353:
312:
916:
840:
744:
737:
702:
639:
625:
588:
581:
544:
520:
299:
293:
281:
275:
235:
227:
170:
121:
112:
45:
409:
847:
826:
810:
632:
324:
269:
219:
90:
55:
17:
819:
790:
772:
688:
538:
460:
333:
287:
251:
147:
95:
968:
479:
417:
908:
653:
340:
fossils are found completely filled with sand; if this sand were present
320:
263:
203:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
257:
consisting of rows of airbed-like tubes arranged along a midline with a
833:
646:
329:
316:
211:
100:
75:
799:
532:
157:
308:
493:
489:
285:. Undisputed Erniettomorphs were Ediacaran, but the species
368:, for an overview of the bizarre late Ediacaran organisms
984:
927:
307:. Their affinity is uncertain; they probably form a
861:
809:
789:
667:
611:
553:
440:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
434:Laflamme, M.; Xiao, S.; Kowalewski, M. (2009).
429:
427:
1004:
947:
505:
8:
1011:
997:
954:
940:
673:
617:
559:
512:
498:
490:
436:"Osmotrophy in modular Ediacara organisms"
391:
389:
387:
311:and are most likely a sister group to the
111:
31:
469:
459:
383:
319:) construction. Placements within the
7:
965:
963:
905:
903:
983:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
926:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
362:, sharing similar 'glide symmetry'
25:
398:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
967:
907:
602:
261:. Representative genera include
134:
315:, which bear a similar (though
1:
1061:
962:
902:
410:10.1016/j.tree.2008.07.015
890:
676:
620:
600:
562:
527:
356:, a probable sister clade
198:
193:
131:Scientific classification
129:
119:
110:
34:
1040:Precambrian animal stubs
372:List of Ediacaran genera
27:Extinct clade of fossils
461:10.1073/pnas.0904836106
979:-related article is a
922:-related article is a
1045:Ediacaran biota stubs
452:2009PNAS..10614438L
446:(34): 14438β14443.
125:, an erniettomorph
992:
991:
935:
934:
900:
899:
857:
856:
663:
662:
598:
597:
244:
243:
189:
16:(Redirected from
1052:
1013:
1006:
999:
971:
964:
956:
949:
942:
911:
904:
766:Primocandelabrum
674:
618:
606:
560:
514:
507:
500:
491:
484:
483:
473:
463:
431:
422:
421:
393:
187:
182:
169:
139:
138:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
977:Ediacaran biota
961:
960:
901:
896:
894:Ediacaran biota
886:
853:
805:
785:
659:
607:
594:
549:
523:
518:
488:
487:
433:
432:
425:
395:
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385:
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350:
186:
180:
167:
133:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1058:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1030:Ediacaran life
1022:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1001:
993:
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989:
972:
959:
958:
951:
944:
936:
933:
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888:
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885:
884:
876:
867:
865:
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855:
854:
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851:
844:
837:
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823:
815:
813:
807:
806:
804:
803:
795:
793:
787:
786:
784:
783:
776:
769:
762:
759:Plumeropriscum
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
724:Hapsidophyllas
720:
713:
706:
699:
692:
685:
677:
671:
665:
664:
661:
660:
658:
657:
650:
643:
636:
629:
621:
615:
613:Erniettomorpha
609:
608:
601:
599:
596:
595:
593:
592:
585:
578:
571:
563:
557:
551:
550:
548:
547:
541:
535:
528:
525:
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519:
517:
516:
509:
502:
494:
486:
485:
423:
382:
381:
379:
376:
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374:
369:
366:Ediacara biota
363:
357:
349:
346:
259:glide symmetry
250:are a form of
248:Erniettomorphs
242:
241:
240:
239:
231:
223:
215:
207:
196:
195:
191:
190:
184:Erniettomorpha
178:
174:
173:
165:
161:
160:
155:
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145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
41:Late Ediacaran
37:
26:
24:
18:Erniettomorpha
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1057:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1002:
1000:
995:
994:
988:
986:
982:
978:
973:
970:
966:
957:
952:
950:
945:
943:
938:
937:
931:
929:
925:
921:
918:
913:
910:
906:
895:
889:
882:
881:
877:
874:
873:
872:Stromatoveris
869:
868:
866:
864:
860:
850:
849:
845:
843:
842:
838:
836:
835:
831:
829:
828:
824:
822:
821:
817:
816:
814:
812:
808:
802:
801:
797:
796:
794:
792:
788:
782:
781:
777:
775:
774:
770:
768:
767:
763:
761:
760:
756:
754:
753:
749:
747:
746:
742:
740:
739:
735:
733:
732:
731:Hylaecullulus
728:
726:
725:
721:
719:
718:
714:
712:
711:
710:Frondophyllas
707:
705:
704:
700:
698:
697:
696:Broccoliforma
693:
691:
690:
686:
684:
683:
679:
678:
675:
672:
670:
666:
656:
655:
651:
649:
648:
644:
642:
641:
637:
635:
634:
630:
628:
627:
623:
622:
619:
616:
614:
610:
605:
591:
590:
586:
584:
583:
579:
577:
576:
575:Charniodiscus
572:
570:
569:
565:
564:
561:
558:
556:
555:Arboreomorpha
552:
546:
542:
540:
536:
534:
530:
529:
526:
522:
515:
510:
508:
503:
501:
496:
495:
492:
481:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
430:
428:
424:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
392:
390:
388:
384:
377:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
360:Proarticulata
358:
355:
352:
351:
347:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:Late Devonian
302:
301:
296:
295:
290:
289:
284:
283:
278:
277:
272:
271:
266:
265:
260:
256:
253:
249:
238:
237:
232:
230:
229:
224:
222:
221:
216:
214:
213:
208:
206:
205:
200:
199:
197:
192:
185:
179:
176:
175:
172:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
35:Erniettomorph
33:
30:
19:
985:expanding it
974:
928:expanding it
914:
892:Part of the
880:Thaumaptilon
878:
870:
863:Unclassified
846:
839:
832:
825:
818:
798:
778:
771:
764:
757:
752:Pectinifrons
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
717:Gigarimaneta
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
682:Avalofractus
680:
669:Rangeomorpha
652:
645:
638:
631:
624:
587:
580:
573:
566:
543:Superphylum
443:
439:
404:(1): 31β40.
401:
397:
354:Rangeomorpha
341:
337:
313:rangeomorphs
298:
292:
286:
280:
274:
268:
262:
247:
245:
234:
226:
218:
210:
202:
183:
120:
29:
1035:Petalonamae
917:Precambrian
841:Paracharnia
745:Pambikalbae
738:Khatyspytia
703:Fractofusus
640:Swartpuntia
626:Pteridinium
589:Vaizitsinia
582:Khatyspytia
545:Vendobionta
537:Subkingdom
521:Petalonamae
338:Pteridinium
300:Protonympha
294:Rutgersella
282:Swartpuntia
276:Pteridinium
236:Swartpuntia
228:Pteridinium
188:Pflug, 1972
171:Petalonamae
122:Swartpuntia
1024:Categories
848:Culmofrons
827:Bomakellia
811:Charniidae
633:Phyllozoon
378:References
325:stem group
270:Phyllozoon
220:Phyllozoon
820:Beothukis
791:Rangeidae
780:Vinlandia
773:Trepassia
689:Bradgatia
539:Eumetazoa
334:sea water
332:from the
288:Erytholus
252:Ediacaran
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
654:Ernietta
533:Animalia
531:Kingdom
480:19706530
418:18952316
348:See also
321:metazoan
264:Ernietta
204:Ernietta
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
834:Charnia
647:Nasepia
568:Arborea
471:2732876
448:Bibcode
330:osmosis
317:fractal
212:Nasepia
194:Genera
177:Class:
920:animal
800:Rangea
478:
468:
416:
342:within
297:, and
255:fossil
975:This
915:This
309:clade
981:stub
924:stub
476:PMID
414:PMID
246:The
46:Preκ
466:PMC
456:doi
444:106
406:doi
1026::
474:.
464:.
454:.
442:.
438:.
426:^
412:.
402:24
400:.
386:^
291:,
279:,
273:,
267:,
96:Pg
1012:e
1005:t
998:v
987:.
955:e
948:t
941:v
930:.
883:?
875:?
513:e
506:t
499:v
482:.
458::
450::
420:.
408::
233:β
225:β
217:β
209:β
201:β
181:β
168:β
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:κ
20:)
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