865:
425:. It is an annual herb that blooms from AprilβJune with a preference for shady and moist dense habitats. The plant is hairy to slightly hairy and grows from 0.5β3 dm (2β12 in) tall. The stems are often reddish. The leaves are opposite and have a few prominent upper veins. Blades are 0.5β2.5 cm (0.2β1.0 in) long. The petiole is about the same length. The flowers are yellow with reddish-brown spots, usually on the lower lip, and the upper and lower lips have fused, growing 8β14 cm (3.1β5.5 in). Each flower is attached by a
800:
787:
56:
4178:, especially California, Oregon, and Washington. Genus members are also found in Baja California, Alaska, British Columbia, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and to a lesser extent the midwestern states, northeastern states, Canada, and Latin America. Members of this genus are found in eastern Asia; several species of which have a high degree of similarity with some of the species found in North and South America.
852:
774:
2306:
2368:
2381:
2331:
826:
33:
839:
2355:
877:
2319:
2343:
4350:
and other salts absorbed from the soils in which they grow in their leaves and stem tissues. Native
Americans and early travelers in the American West used this plant as a salt substitute to season wild game. The entire plant is edible, but reported to be very salty and bitter unless well cooked. The
412:
has five lobes that are much shorter than the flower. Each flower has bilateral symmetry and has two lips. The upper lip usually has two lobes; the lower, three. The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots. The opening to the flower is hairy. The fruit is a two-valved
403:
is 5β80 cm (2β31 in) tall with disproportionately large 5β20 mm (0.2β0.8 in) long, tubular flowers. Leaves are opposite and oval, 1β10 cm (0.4β3.9 in) long. The species as strictly defined is perennial and spreads with stolons or rhizomes. The stem may be erect or
690:
is highly complex, with many variations apparently reflecting differences in geographic environment and elevation. Molecular geneticists regard the species broadly as including both perennial and annual populations, but there is rationale for treating this complex as several distinct species
707:
and others). The perennials and annuals differ as groups from each other by an inversion sequence on chromosome 8. Evidence tentatively indicates that the perennials evolved from annual ancestors, although some evidence has been interpreted to indicate that
404:
recumbent. In the latter form, roots may develop at lower leaf nodes. Sometimes dwarfed, it may be hairless or have some hairs. Leaves are opposite, round to oval, usually coarsely and irregularly toothed or lobed. The bright yellow flowers are born on a
4120:. This approximate ratio of insect vs hummingbird pollination holds true for the rest of the genus. There have been two separate transformations to hummingbird pollination. Pollination changes are highly affected by changes in flower morphology.
2602:β common large monkey-flower, common monkey-flower, stream monkey-flower, seep monkey-flower (AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, ID, MI, MT, ND, NE, NM, NV, NY, OR, PA, SD, UT, WA, WY; Canada: BC, Yukon; Mexico to Guatemala; naturalized in Britain)
1440:β common large monkey-flower, common monkey-flower, stream monkey-flower, seep monkey-flower (AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, ID, MI, MT, ND, NE, NM, NV, NY, OR, PA, SD, UT, WA, WY; Canada: BC, Yukon; Mexico to Guatemala; naturalized in Britain)
4446:
Lowry, David B.; Sobel, James M.; Angert, Amy L.; Ashman, Tia-Lynn; Baker, Robert L.; Blackman, Benjamin K.; Brandvain, Yaniv; Byers, Kelsey J. R. P.; Cooley, Arielle M.; Coughlan, Jennifer M.; Dudash, Michele R. (2019).
389:. Calyces have sharp, definite angles and flat sides. Corollas are deciduous, relatively large (tube-throat 8β42 mm (0.3β1.7 in) long), and strongly red to purplish, magentarose, pink, or white, rarely yellow.
305:
The largest concentration of species is in western North
America, but species are found elsewhere in the United States and Canada, as well as from Mexico to Chile and eastern Asia. Pollination is mostly by either
341:
are annuals and some are perennials. Flowers are red, pink, purple, or yellow, often in various combinations and shades of those colors. Some species produce copious amounts of aromatic compounds, giving them a
647:"for studies of evolutionary and ecological functional genomics ... ... contains a wide array of phenotypic, ecological and genomic diversity." Species under intense genomic study are mostly among the section
4181:
A large number of the species grow in moist to wet soils with some growing even in shallow water. They are not very drought resistant, but the species now classified as
629:
is an example of a successful naturally occurring hybrid that not only arose independently in two different locations, but is also a rare example of evolutionary recent
6311:
Fishman, L.; Beardsley, P.M.; Stathos, A.; Williams, C.F.; Hill, J.P. (2015), "The genetic architecture of traits associated with the evolution of self-pollination in
7340:
716:
in central
California between 500,000 and 200,000 years ago and since then become primarily a self-pollinator. Relationships among the apparently closely related
4198:
315:
7353:
2396:
members into the following 12 sections (unless listed below as "newly discovered"). Names accepted as of April 2022 are from Plants of the World Online.
302:
are. Species are found at elevations from oceanside to high mountains as well as a wide variety of climates, though most prefer wet areas such as riverbanks.
3591:β Suksdorf's monkey-flower and miniature monkey-flower (Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico)
2076:β Suksdorf's monkey-flower and miniature monkey-flower (Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico)
4210:
4201:. Species are found at elevations from oceanside to high mountains as well as a wide variety of climates, though most prefer wet areas such as riverbanks.
298:
species grow in moist to wet soils with some growing even in shallow water. They are not very drought resistant, but many of the species now classified as
4044:. It was previously reported that evidence strongly linking pollination preference to color differences between the species, but this has been disproven.
7140:
6351:
Sutherland, Steven D.; Vickery, Robert K. (1993). "On the
Relative Importance of Floral Color, Shape, and Nectar Rewards In Attracting Pollinators to
7288:
4888:
7301:
4424:
5965:
7389:
5028:
6233:
Schemske, Douglas W.; Bradshaw Jr., H.D. (2003). "Allele substitution at a flower colour locus produces a pollinator shift in monkeyflowers".
7117:
7044:
6942:
6803:
5116:
5063:
5002:
4796:
4763:
5385:"Speciation by genome duplication: Repeated origins and genomic composition of the recently formed allopolyploid species Mimulus peregrinus"
616:(comprising only a single species), for which the family is named, is considerably different in morphology from all of the monkey-flowers.
813:
4504:
Nesom, Guy L.; Fraga, Naomi S.; Barker, William R.; Beardsley, Paul M.; Tank, David C.; Baldwin, Bruce G.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2019).
864:
314:. Member species are widely cultivated and are subject to several pests and diseases. Several species are listed as threatened by the
6906:
4382:, "there is no scientific evidence to prove that flower remedies can control, cure or prevent any type of disease, including cancer".
2975:β yellow monkey-flower, monkey musk, blotched monkey-flower, and blood-drop-emlets (North and South America, naturalized in Britain)
1614:β yellow monkey-flower, monkey musk, blotched monkey-flower, and blood-drop-emlets (North and South America, naturalized in Britain)
337:. Other characteristics of species can vary widely, especially between the sections, and even within some sections. Some species of
5233:"Is Floral Diversification Associated with Pollinator Divergence? Flower Shape, Flower Colour and Pollinator Preference in Chilean
4919:
6606:
Dole, Jefferey A. (1992). "Reproductive
Assurance Mechanisms in Three Taxa of the Mimulus guttatus Complex (Scrophulariaceae)".
7327:
7438:
4117:
4251:
4113:
453:"), flower. They are called monkey-flowers because some species have flowers shaped like a monkey's face. The widely used
7166:
5652:"Speciation by genome duplication: Repeated origins and genomic composition of the recently formed allopolyploid species
5106:
606:
Views on the evolutionary position of the monkey-flower species have changed. It was long considered to be in the family
4895:. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Archived from
7249:
6645:
6284:"Errata: On the Relative Importance of Floral Color, Shape, and Nectar Rewards in Attracting Pollinators to Mimulus".
639:'s 1876 study of inbreeding depression and self-fertility in South American species was a progenitor for the study of
5135:
Cooley, Arielle M.; Willis, John H. (2009). "Genetic divergence causes parallel evolution of flower color in
Chilean
55:
7358:
7443:
7402:
4162:
in central
California between 200,000 and 500,000 years ago and since then has become primarily a self-pollinator.
890:
454:
6676:
3239:
1534:
4355:
for mild skin irritations and burns. Leaves can be used in salads and soups; flowers taste best before blooming.
4243:
3336:
2666:
2472:
2205:
1638:
1139:
3163:
1986:
970:
7484:
6740:
5846:
5805:
4295:
4264:
3927:
3205:
2185:
2080:
1474:
3883:
3793:
3608:
3326:
2482:
2432:
2145:
1996:
1597:
1544:
1149:
1023:
7407:
4473:
3782:
3346:
3047:
3037:
2858:
2784:
2677:
2543:
2442:
2271:
2155:
2058:
1860:
1649:
1318:
1276:
1159:
1055:
571:
was greatly enlarged to include 111 species, based upon axile placentation and long pedicels, 46 placed into
7275:
5989:
4226:
are subject to a very similar set of pests and diseases. The pests these genera are susceptible to include:
3894:
3618:
3567:
3495:
3453:
3390:
3195:
2989:
2636:
2574:
2462:
2452:
2257:
2229:
2015:
1881:
1871:
1736:
1565:
1494:
1454:
1391:
1360:
1128:
1107:
1087:
856:
804:
799:
3861:
3850:
3771:
3760:
3443:
3370:
3110:
2878:
2868:
2836:
2821:
2768:
2758:
2656:
2646:
2533:
2522:
2492:
2412:
2243:
2195:
2165:
2112:
2043:
1966:
1850:
1840:
1628:
1618:
1464:
1255:
1225:
1169:
1097:
1076:
1033:
1012:
990:
950:
898:
7202:
5566:
4608:
4270:
3993:
3916:
3839:
3804:
3688:
3664:
3584:
3538:
3505:
3484:
3474:
3422:
3316:
3305:
3184:
3173:
3143:
3120:
3085:
3057:
3026:
3006:
2940:
2918:
2900:
2811:
2738:
2616:
2563:
2422:
2372:
2310:
2215:
2175:
2123:
2091:
2069:
2032:
1976:
1945:
1913:
1799:
1767:
1722:
1680:
1484:
1402:
1380:
1338:
1307:
1286:
1266:
1235:
1117:
1044:
960:
929:
919:
908:
881:
817:
791:
786:
778:
483:
417:
177:
3938:
3905:
3872:
3574:
3067:
2748:
2728:
2502:
2101:
2022:
1903:
1892:
1820:
1778:
1513:
1328:
1179:
7489:
7280:
4896:
4287:
4129:
3712:
3559:
3295:
3215:
2979:
2687:
2626:
2606:
2553:
2512:
2285:
2007:
1830:
1702:
1659:
1555:
1524:
1444:
1370:
1349:
1204:
869:
625:
41:
6051:
5176:"Population Genetics, Pleiotropy, and the Preferential Fixation of Mutations During Adaptive Evolution"
4945:
4197:
size vary greatly throughout the genus. A minimum of 25 of the species are listed as threatened by the
3380:
2801:
2698:
1935:
1670:
1423:
472:
can be either smooth or hairy, and this is known in a few species to be a trait determined by a simple
7306:
7009:
728:
are not clearly understood. Some currently recognized species may be just variants of other species:
381:, and are generally glandular. Leaves can be oblong, elliptical, or oval, with small tooths. Fruiting
7479:
7368:
6448:
6242:
6187:
4375:
4371:
4323:
are used. Because of their wide range and many variations, the most important are those derived from
3527:
3285:
3274:
3267:
3249:
3232:
3153:
3099:
2847:
2385:
2335:
2134:
1924:
1809:
1747:
1691:
1575:
940:
7060:
5080:
5032:
4028:, the two do not interbreed in the wild, a difference ascribed primarily to pollinator differences;
244:
was originally described as a separate genus, then generally regarded as a section within the genus
4068:
3828:
3653:
3642:
3548:
3516:
3464:
3433:
3074:
2595:
2585:
2359:
1955:
1788:
1586:
1433:
1413:
1245:
1214:
1065:
1001:
980:
843:
830:
478:
268:
remains as a small genus of eastern North
America and the Southern Hemisphere. Molecular data show
7394:
7089:
5086:. University of California. Report to the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Lakewood, CO
7451:
7144:
6981:
6623:
6529:
6405:
6364:
6293:
6266:
5516:
5473:
5457:
5312:
5213:
5197:
4533:
4486:
4379:
4291:
4154:
3736:
2925:
2718:
2708:
2323:
1757:
1712:
1296:
1189:
576:
191:
50:
7376:
7345:
7262:
7113:
7040:
6938:
6799:
6795:
6695:
6588:
6521:
6476:
6413:
6334:
6258:
6215:
6119:
6074:
5914:
5869:
5824:
5743:
5685:
5632:
5524:
5465:
5414:
5365:
5320:
5266:
5205:
5156:
5112:
5059:
4847:
4792:
4788:
4781:
4759:
4736:
4728:
4680:
4631:
4525:
4506:"Response to "The case for the continued use of the genus name Mimulus for all monkeyflowers""
4478:
4062:
4040:
3983:
3191:β manyflowered monkey-flower (western Canada, Pacific Coast, Rocky Mountains, northern Mexico)
2968:
2957:
2347:
1607:
1345:β manyflowered monkey-flower (western Canada, Pacific Coast, Rocky Mountains, northern Mexico)
534:
422:
7381:
7240:
619:
Attempts at crossing species, whether from different sections or within the same section, of
7107:
6989:
6971:
6873:
6615:
6578:
6568:
6547:
Brandvain, Yaniv; Kenney, Amanda M.; Flagel, Lex; Coop, Graham; Sweigert, Andrea L. (2014).
6511:
6466:
6456:
6395:
6384:"AFLP Phylogeny of Mimulus Section Erythranthe and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination"
6324:
6250:
6205:
6195:
5733:
5725:
5675:
5667:
5622:
5612:
5508:
5449:
5404:
5396:
5302:
5256:
5248:
5187:
5148:
4837:
4829:
4718:
4517:
4505:
4468:
4460:
4448:
4320:
4275:
4185:
are. Some species grow in dry areas, others in wet habitats, such as members of the section
4149:
4140:
4083:
4056:
4050:
644:
607:
522:
487:
430:
426:
382:
334:
329:
is a highly diverse genus with the characteristics unifying the various species being axile
234:
6822:
851:
6934:
6928:
5891:
4347:
4239:
3835:β toothleaf monkey-flower, coastal monkey-flower (British Columbia to northern California)
1221:β toothleaf monkey-flower, coastal monkey-flower (British Columbia to northern California)
773:
672:
599:
291:
93:
7083:
5762:
5714:
Species
Complex Reveals Transmission Ratio Distortion due to Heterospecific Interactions"
294:. Flowers are red, pink, or yellow, often in various combinations. A large number of the
6713:
6452:
6246:
6191:
6138:
5650:
Vallejo-MarΓn, Mario; Buggs, Richard J.A.; Cooley, Arielle M.; Puzey, Joshua R. (2015).
5289:
Beardsley, P. M.; Schoenig, Steve E.; Whittall, Justen B.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2004).
4756:
Plants of the
Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska
2305:
6994:
6959:
6619:
6583:
6548:
6516:
6495:
6471:
6432:
6400:
6383:
5935:
5738:
5709:
5680:
5651:
5627:
5600:
5409:
5384:
5261:
5232:
4842:
4813:
4259:
4231:
2367:
636:
80:
6096:
5990:"Mimulus michiganensis (Michigan monkey flower) - Michigan Natural Features Inventory"
5383:
Vallejo-MarΓn, Mario; Buggs, Richard J.; Cooley, Arielle M.; Puzey, Joshua R. (2015).
5081:"Genetically appropriate choices for plant materials to maintain biological diversity"
2570:β roundleaf monkey-flower (widespread in North America, Mesoamerica and South America)
2380:
2330:
1387:β roundleaf monkey-flower (widespread in North America, Mesoamerica and South America)
825:
32:
7473:
6789:
6210:
6171:
6017:
5477:
5192:
5175:
5152:
4972:
4537:
4490:
4283:
4227:
4175:
3081:β great purple monkey-flower, Lewis' monkey-flower (Alaska to California to Colorado)
1593:β great purple monkey-flower, Lewis' monkey-flower (Alaska to California to Colorado)
610:, but is now placed in Phyrmaceae, primarily on the basis of DNA evidence. The genus
157:
6654:(PHRYMACEAE), With Descriptions of Five New Species From California and Nevada, USA"
5217:
4657:
838:
7456:
7267:
7174:
6533:
6270:
5491:
Beardsley, P. M.; Olmstead, R. G. (2002). "Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of
5346:
4701:
Wu, C.A.; Lowry, D.B.; Cooley, A.M.; Wright, K.M.; Lee, Y.W.; Willis, J.H. (2008).
4312:
4034:
374:
330:
284:
169:
161:
7254:
5729:
4707:
is an emerging model system for the integration of ecological and genomic studies"
2354:
876:
7430:
7225:
6573:
6461:
7314:
7234:
4557:
4449:"The case for the continued use of the genus name Mimulus for all monkeyflowers"
4247:
3986:, the 'cinnabarina/cardinalis' pair is sister to the 'lewisii/erubescens' pair.
2318:
812:
495:
355:
311:
6878:
6853:
4144:. Inbreeding reduces flower quantity and size and pollen quality and quantity.
3743:β San Bernardino Mountains monkey-flower (southern California, Baja California)
3106:β Parish's monkey-flower (southern California, western Nevada, Baja California)
1816:β Parish's monkey-flower (southern California, western Nevada, Baja California)
1303:β San Bernardino Mountains monkey-flower (southern California, Baja California)
468:
meaning "imitator" also alludes to the fancied monkey resemblance. The stem of
6763:
5617:
4190:
4001:
593:
587:
359:
288:
237:
139:
6699:
6200:
6123:
6078:
5918:
5873:
5828:
5543:
5369:
5009:. Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington. 2017
4732:
4684:
4635:
4529:
4482:
2854:β large mountain monkey-flower, Tiling's monkey-flower (Alaska to New Mexico)
2141:β large mountain monkey-flower, Tiling's monkey-flower (Alaska to New Mexico)
6172:"Pollinator preference and the evolution of floral traits in monkeyflowers (
4865:
4255:
630:
378:
7420:
6894:
6592:
6525:
6480:
6417:
6338:
6262:
6219:
5747:
5689:
5636:
5528:
5469:
5418:
5324:
5270:
5209:
5160:
4851:
4740:
4723:
4702:
5512:
494:
with small insects. Variations in color largely reflect concentrations of
7415:
7219:
6976:
5307:
5290:
5252:
4814:"Genetic divergence causes parallel evolution of flower color in Chilean
4352:
4316:
581:
499:
491:
256:
129:
119:
106:
6985:
6769:. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources
6368:
6297:
6254:
5432:
Beardsley, P. M.; Yen, Alan; Olmstead, R. G. (2003). "AFLP Phylogeny of
5201:
4812:
Byers, Kelsey J. R. P.; Bradshaw, H.D. Jr.; Riffell, Jeffrey A. (2009).
3033:β scarlet monkey-flower (southwestern United States and Baja California)
1124:β scarlet monkey-flower (southwestern United States and Baja California)
603:. All of the American genera are still referred to as "monkey-flowers".
518:
broadly defined, and was not usually considered to be a separate genus.
7293:
6627:
6409:
5763:"Conspicuous Problems and Interesting Directions in Monkeyflower Sect.
5520:
5461:
5316:
4926:. Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington
4833:
4279:
2342:
543:
473:
246:
7319:
6329:
6056:(Phrymaceae) and Comments on Related Aspects of Biology in Species of
5708:
Fishman, Lila; Kelly, Alan J.; Morgan, Emily; Willis, John H. (2001).
5671:
5400:
5347:"A Taxonomic Conspectus of Phyrmaceae: A Narrowed Circumscription for
5291:"Patterns of Evolution in Western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae)"
4521:
4464:
3523:β Palmer's monkey-flower (central California south to Baja California)
1795:β Palmer's monkey-flower (central California south to Baja California)
4235:
4021:
4017:
4006:
3660:β Brewer's monkey-flower (British Columbia to California to Colorado)
1072:β Brewer's monkey-flower (British Columbia to California to Colorado)
740:. Chromosomal issues may affect the classification of some species:
612:
405:
7196:
3534:β little purple monkey-flower (southern California, Baja California)
1931:β little purple monkey-flower (southern California, Baja California)
7039:. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing Company. pp. 98β99.
5453:
5231:
Cooley, Arielle M.; Carvallo, G.; Willis, John H. (February 2008).
5111:(8 ed.). Stamford, CT: Thomson Brooks/Cole. pp. 772β775.
4104:
are also pollinated by hummingbirds. These four species as well as
3695:β chickweed monkey-flower (British Columbia to northern California)
915:β chickweed monkey-flower (British Columbia to northern California)
6026:, Phrymaceae) in the northeastern part of Michoacan state, Mexico"
4194:
4012:
2529:β newly discovered in 2017 and added to this list (Sonora, Mexico)
2379:
2366:
2353:
2341:
2329:
2317:
2304:
875:
863:
850:
837:
824:
811:
798:
785:
772:
458:
409:
386:
351:
280:
as strictly defined, although this nomenclature is controversial.
230:
227:
67:
7332:
4370:
has been listed as one of the 38 plants that are used to prepare
3256:β broadtooth monkey-flower (southern California, Baja California)
1582:β broadtooth monkey-flower (southern California, Baja California)
4889:"E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia
503:
399:
and its characteristics are fairly representative of the genus.
343:
7200:
6764:"Monkeyflower is a Drought Tolerant Addition to Your Landscape"
5105:
Solomon, Eldra Pearl; Berg, Linda R.; Martin, Diana W. (2011).
3312:β candelabrum monkey-flower (Washington to northern California)
3281:β (North and South America, naturalized in Britain and Finland)
1920:β candelabrum monkey-flower (Washington to northern California)
1698:β (North and South America, naturalized in Britain and Finland)
563:, based largely upon DNA evidence, seven species were left in
307:
5351:, New and Resurrected Genera, and New Names and Combinations"
4024:. Although it is fully interfertile with its sister species
3625:β primrose monkey-flower (WA, OR, CA, ID, NV, UT, AZ, MT, NM)
1888:β primrose monkey-flower (WA, OR, CA, ID, NV, UT, AZ, MT, NM)
413:
capsule 1 cm (0.4 in) long, containing many seeds.
6382:
Beardsley, Paul M.; Yen, Alan; Olmstead, Richard G. (1993).
5966:"The rarest wildflower in Michigan thrives on Beaver Island"
5058:. Port Jervis, NY: Lubrecht & Cramer, LTD. p. 119.
4952:. Jepson Herbarium; University of California, Berkeley. 2015
4402:
6858:(Phrymaceae) on Host Plant Quality for Meadow Spittlebugs,
6852:
Eubanks, Micky D.; Carr, David E.; Murphy, John F. (2005).
3555:β little redstem monkey-flower (CA, NV, UT, WY, CO, NM, TX)
1962:β little redstem monkey-flower (CA, NV, UT, WY, CO, NM, TX)
7088:. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. p.
4378:
promoted for its effect on health. However, according to
276:
to be distinct evolutionary lines that are distinct from
6833:. University of California β Integrated Plant Management
6431:
Carr, David E.; Roulston, Tβai H.; Hart, Haley (2014).
5174:
Streisfeld, Matthew A.; Rausher, Mark D. (March 2011).
6658:
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany
5546:. University of California -Berkeley, Jepson Herbarium
2392:
In a 2014 paper, G. L. Nesom and N. S. Fraga placed
6721:. Online Atlas of the British & Irish Flora. 1998
3460:β Carson Valley monkey-flower (California and Nevada)
1135:β Carson Valley monkey-flower (California and Nevada)
206:(Spach) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 108. 1885
7209:
6960:"ContentSelect- Monkeyflowers, bees β but no birds"
6180:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
4971:Champion, Paul; Hofstra, Deborah (21 August 2013).
4082:, but it has evolved in a different direction as a
510:, and this was subsequently made a separate genus.
5605:(Phrymaceae): A new British allopolyploid species"
4780:
16:Genus of flowering plants in the family Phrymaceae
6788:Walter, Kerry Scott; Gillett, Harriet J. (1998).
6170:Schemske, Douglas W.; Bradshaw Jr., H.D. (1999).
4474:20.500.11820/cac4d1b0-516a-4027-bab9-b8fdcdca892b
2936:(Eng: copper flower) (central and southern Chile)
1200:(Eng: copper flower) (central and southern Chile)
6794:. Cambridge: World Conservation Union. pp.
3992:is a model system for studying pollinator-based
3512:β montia-like monkey-flower (California, Nevada)
1687:β montia-like monkey-flower (California, Nevada)
529:as a separate genus with just the type species
6930:The Horticulture Gardener's Guides β Perennials
5440:and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination".
5079:Rogers, Deborah L.; Montalvo, Arlee M. (2004).
4758:. Edmonton: Lone Pine Publishing. p. 264.
233:with more than 120 members (as of 2022) in the
6831:spp. Family Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family)"
4199:International Union for Conservation of Nature
316:International Union for Conservation of Nature
6933:. Boston: Horticulture Publications. p.
6437:Reduces Visitation by Bumble Bee Pollinators"
4335:alone has at least 10 cultivars and hybrids.
3693:(Douglas ex Benth.) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
3649:β yellow and white monkey-flower (California)
3180:β (British Columbia to California to Wyoming)
2548:(Sexton, K.G.Ferris & Schoenig) G.L.Nesom
1323:(Sexton, K.G.Ferris & Schoenig) G.L.Nesom
1051:β (British Columbia to California to Wyoming)
1008:β yellow and white monkey-flower (California)
913:(Douglas ex Benth.) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
8:
6639:
6637:
6045:
6043:
5945:. Washington Department of Natural Resources
5840:
5838:
5594:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5567:"Whatever happened to the Scrophulariaceae?"
5029:"Canadian Wildflowers: Erythranthe tilingii"
4403:"Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum) 1996"
4242:. Diseases they are susceptible to include:
3671:β slender-stemmed monkey-flower (California)
3647:(Hartw. ex Benth.) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
1314:β slender-stemmed monkey-flower (California)
1006:(Hartw. ex Benth.) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
893:accepted the following species and hybrids:
506:stems were originally placed in the section
408:, most often with five or more flowers. The
7109:Bach Flower Remedies: A Comprehensive Study
6165:
6163:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5284:
5282:
5280:
4211:List of Erythranthe, monkey-flower diseases
4032:is pollinated by hummingbirds, especially
2363:on Fossil Ridge, Blue Diamond Hill, Nevada
421:is similar to several species found in the
7197:
6817:
6815:
6496:"Correlated Matings in the Partial Selfer
5703:
5701:
5699:
5345:Barker, W. L. (Bill); et al. (2012).
5130:
5128:
2793:β newly discovered 2012, originally named
2292:β newly discovered 2012, originally named
2050:β newly discovered 2012, originally named
31:
20:
6993:
6975:
6877:
6582:
6572:
6515:
6470:
6460:
6399:
6328:
6209:
6199:
6090:
6088:
6016:PΓ©rez, Emmanuel; Zamudio, Sergio (2011).
6011:
6009:
5930:
5928:
5737:
5679:
5626:
5616:
5408:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5306:
5260:
5191:
4866:"Butterflies and Their Larval Foodplants"
4841:
4779:Turner, Mark; Gustafson, Phyllis (2006).
4722:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4602:
4472:
3982:are sister species. In the hypothesized
3719:β Rocky Mountain monkey-flower (Colorado)
3491:β slenderstalk monkey-flower (California)
2832:(British Columbia to northern California)
2054:(British Columbia to northern California)
1409:β slenderstalk monkey-flower (California)
1356:β Rocky Mountain monkey-flower (Colorado)
250:, and recently returned to generic rank.
5885:
5883:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4582:
3429:β rockjasmine monkey-flower (California)
2581:β shieldbract monkey-flower (California)
1398:β shieldbract monkey-flower (California)
936:β rockjasmine monkey-flower (California)
575:(species with parietal placentation and
7037:Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West
6791:1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants
4551:
4549:
4547:
4390:
7173:. Bach Flower Remedies. Archived from
6549:"Speciation and Introgression between
4981:New Zealand Plant Conservation Network
4787:. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p.
3092:β In 2014 Nesom lists as a synonym of
2692:(C.Bohlen) J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
1729:β In 2014 Nesom lists as a synonym of
1664:(C.Bohlen) J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
464:meaning "mimic actor", from the Greek
264:as a separate genus at the same time.
6895:"Diseases of Mimulus, Monkey-Flower (
5851:(Phrymaceae), a new species of sect.
4427:. The International Plant Names Index
4425:"The International Plant Names Index"
4396:
4394:
3809:(P.C.Tsoong & H.P.Yang) G.L.Nesom
3717:(W.A.Weber) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
3613:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
3090:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
2984:(J.M.Watson & C.Bohlen) G.L.Nesom
2128:(P.C.Tsoong & H.P.Yang) G.L.Nesom
1727:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
1707:(J.M.Watson & C.Bohlen) G.L.Nesom
1602:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
1354:(W.A.Weber) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
7:
7444:60d6bba3-b35d-4ffc-8987-fc58c390d9b2
7369:63c3b8dd-9b79-4da8-8fa5-5bfbab859c31
6927:McIndoe, Andy; Hobbs, Kevin (2005).
4783:Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest
4754:Pojar, Jim; MacKinnon, Andy (2004).
4696:
4694:
4351:juice from the leaves was used as a
3962:was interpreted to be the sister of
3669:(S.Watson) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
1645:β Michigan monkey-flower (Michigan)
1312:(S.Watson) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
633:, complete chromosomal inheritance.
395:is the most widespread of the genus
6137:Nesom, G. L.; Fraga, N. S. (2014).
5994:Michigan Natural Features Inventory
4666:(Phrymaceae) in the USA and Mexico"
4359:has been used for cooking in Peru.
2673:β Michigan monkey-flower (Michigan)
679:was released in late spring, 2007.
6907:American Phytopathological Society
6620:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb14607.x
6517:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb05182.x
6401:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00347.x
5761:Nesom, Guy L. (28 December 2016).
4868:. University of California, Irvine
3741:(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
3658:(Greene) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
3623:(Benth.) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
3125:(Greene) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
3115:(Greene) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
3104:(Greene) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
2538:(B.L.Rob. & Fernald) G.L.Nesom
2180:(Greene) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
1971:(Greene) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
1886:(Benth.) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
1814:(Greene) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
1301:(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
1230:(B.L.Rob. & Fernald) G.L.Nesom
1070:(Greene) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
14:
7112:. B. Jain Publishers. p. 3.
4401:Farr, E. R.; G. Zijlstra (eds.).
3290:(Heckard & Shevock) G.L.Nesom
3079:(Pursh) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
3052:(Rydb.) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
1752:(Heckard & Shevock) G.L.Nesom
1591:(Pursh) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
1281:(Rydb.) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga
366:), as a main part of their diet.
5193:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01165.x
5153:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02858.x
5031:. Fleurs Sauvage. Archived from
4887:Klinkenberg, Brian, ed. (2014).
3564:(Heckard & Bacig.) N.S.Fraga
2753:(Wooton & Standl.) G.L.Nesom
2012:(Heckard & Bacig.) N.S.Fraga
1825:(Wooton & Standl.) G.L.Nesom
643:biology. The genus has become a
54:
7408:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:37635-1
6854:"Effects of Virus Infection of
5964:McWhirter, Sheri (2023-07-29).
4822:Journal of Experimental Biology
4148:also displays a high degree of
4138:is pollinated by bees, such as
655:and relatives) and the section
555:. In the 2012 restructuring of
514:is clearly derived from within
7082:Loudon, John Claudius (1830).
6677:"New Distribution Records for
4193:. Both overall plant size and
847:in Mount Rainier National Park
373:, stems and leaves range from
1:
7063:. Waking Times. 3 August 2013
6903:hort. ex Siebert & Voss)"
5599:Vallejo-Marin, Mario (2012).
4983:. NZ Plant Protection Society
4252:impatiens necrotic spot virus
4174:species are found in western
3566:β Kelso Creek monkey-flower (
3279:(Douglas ex Lindl.) G.L.Nesom
3189:(Douglas ex Lindl.) G.L.Nesom
2843:β (Yellowstone National Park)
2119:β (Yellowstone National Park)
2014:β Kelso Creek monkey-flower (
1696:(Douglas ex Lindl.) G.L.Nesom
1343:(Douglas ex Lindl.) G.L.Nesom
533:. In 1885, American botanist
346:odor (hence "musk-flowers").
7061:"52 Wild Plants You Can Eat"
7035:Tilford, Gregory L. (1997).
6958:Bryant, T. A. (April 2008).
6574:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004410
6462:10.1371/journal.pone.0101463
5938:Erythranthe jungermannioides
4346:species tend to concentrate
4086:species with small flowers.
3974:are sister species and that
3427:(Curran ex Greene) N.S.Fraga
3240:Erythranthe jungermannioides
2723:(Curran ex Greene) G.L.Nesom
2290:(M. Vallejo-Marin) G.L.Nesom
1762:(Curran ex Greene) G.L.Nesom
1535:Erythranthe jungermannioides
934:(Curran ex Greene) N.S.Fraga
834:in Skagit County, Washington
7106:D. S. Vohra (1 June 2004).
7085:Loudon's Hortus Britannicus
6893:Daughtrey, Margery (2000).
6741:"California Monkey flowers"
5730:10.1093/genetics/159.4.1701
4946:"Jepson eFlora: Taxon page
4078:is also closely related to
3833:(Nutt. ex Benth.) G.L.Nesom
3337:Erythranthe washingtonensis
2473:Erythranthe charlestonensis
2206:Erythranthe washingtonensis
1219:(Nutt. ex Benth.) G.L.Nesom
1140:Erythranthe charlestonensis
623:are not always successful.
283:Member species are usually
181:(Douglas ex Benth.) Spach β‘
7506:
6879:10.1603/0046-225X-34.4.891
6608:American Journal of Botany
6357:The Great Basin Naturalist
6286:The Great Basin Naturalist
5501:American Journal of Botany
5295:American Journal of Botany
5054:Coombes, Allen J. (1985).
4208:
3164:Erythranthe austrolatidens
1987:Erythranthe serpentinicola
971:Erythranthe austrolatidens
891:Plants of the World Online
486:" traps and is apparently
6052:"The Taxonomic Status of
5618:10.3897/phytokeys.14.3305
5056:Dictionary of Plant Names
4558:"Using Name in the Genus
4405:. Smithsonian Institution
4248:aster yellows phytoplasma
3928:Erythranthe szechuanensis
3031:(Douglas ex Benth.) Spach
2667:Erythranthe michiganensis
2600:(Fisch. ex DC.) G.L.Nesom
2186:Erythranthe veronicifolia
2081:Erythranthe szechuanensis
1639:Erythranthe michiganensis
1438:(Fisch. ex DC.) G.L.Nesom
1122:(Douglas ex Benth.) Spach
585:, and one each placed in
197:
190:
175:
168:
51:Scientific classification
49:
39:
30:
23:
6866:Environmental Entomology
6862:(Hemiptera: Cercopidae)"
6644:Fraga, Naomi S. (2012).
6494:Ritland, Kermit (1989).
6201:10.1073/pnas.96.21.11910
5810:(Phrymaceae) From China"
5542:Schoenig, Steve (2013).
4265:Erysiphe brunneopunctata
4166:Distribution and habitat
4048:is mostly pollinated by
3966:. It is now clear that
3884:Erythranthe karakormiana
3794:Erythranthe sessilifolia
3609:Erythranthe linearifolia
3327:Erythranthe trinitiensis
3260:Erythranthe moniliformis
3206:Erythranthe hymenophylla
2999:Erythranthe pilosiuscula
2483:Erythranthe chinatiensis
2433:Erythranthe brachystylis
2146:Erythranthe trinitiensis
1997:Erythranthe sessilifolia
1598:Erythranthe linearifolia
1545:Erythranthe karakormiana
1475:Erythranthe hymenophylla
1150:Erythranthe chinatiensis
1024:Erythranthe brachystylis
579:flowers), two placed in
445:is from Greek αΌΟΟ
ΞΈΟΟΟ ("
7016:. Alpine Garden Society
5565:Olmstead, R.G. (2003).
5544:"Monkeyflowers in Flux"
4363:Alternative medical use
4124:and its sister species
3783:Erythranthe platyphylla
3619:Erythranthe primuloides
3568:Kern County, California
3454:Erythranthe carsonensis
3391:Erythranthe inconspicua
3347:Erythranthe stolonifera
3048:Erythranthe eastwoodiae
3038:Erythranthe cinnabarina
2859:Erythranthe unimaculata
2678:Erythranthe microphylla
2575:Erythranthe glaucescens
2544:Erythranthe filicifolia
2443:Erythranthe brevinasuta
2156:Erythranthe unimaculata
2059:Erythranthe stolonifera
2016:Kern County, California
1882:Erythranthe primuloides
1861:Erythranthe platyphylla
1650:Erythranthe microphylla
1495:Erythranthe inconspicua
1392:Erythranthe glaucescens
1319:Erythranthe filicifolia
1277:Erythranthe eastwoodiae
1160:Erythranthe cinnabarina
1129:Erythranthe carsonensis
1056:Erythranthe brevinasuta
889:As of April 2022,
498:. The species that are
350:is used as food by the
185:Douglas ex Bentham 1835
6675:Nesom, Guy L. (2013).
6648:Erythranthe montioides
6050:Nesom, Guy L. (2013).
6030:Acta BotΓ‘nica Mexicana
5892:"Taxonomic summary of
5710:"A Genetic Map in the
5495:, tribe Mimuleae, and
5005:Erythranthe alsinoides
4918:Giblin, David (2015).
4724:10.1038/sj.hdy.6801018
4607:Nesom, Guy L. (2014).
4556:Nesom, Guy L. (2014).
4271:Erysiphe cichoracearum
3994:reproductive isolation
3954:Before recognition of
3895:Erythranthe nepalensis
3765:(P.C.Tsoong) G.L.Nesom
3689:Erythranthe alsinoides
3665:Erythranthe filicaulis
3585:Erythranthe suksdorfii
3539:Erythranthe rhodopetra
3506:Erythranthe montioides
3496:Erythranthe hardhamiae
3485:Erythranthe gracilipes
3423:Erythranthe androsacea
3306:Erythranthe pulsiferae
3196:Erythranthe geniculata
3185:Erythranthe floribunda
3174:Erythranthe breviflora
3121:Erythranthe verbenacea
3094:Erythranthe verbenacea
3058:Erythranthe erubescens
3027:Erythranthe cardinalis
2990:Erythranthe parviflora
2637:Erythranthe lagunensis
2463:Erythranthe calciphila
2453:Erythranthe caespitosa
2389:
2377:
2376:in Butte County, Idaho
2364:
2351:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2281:(Silverside) G.L.Nesom
2176:Erythranthe verbenacea
2070:Erythranthe suksdorfii
1946:Erythranthe rhodopetra
1914:Erythranthe pulsiferae
1872:Erythranthe plotocalyx
1737:Erythranthe nepalensis
1731:Erythranthe verbenacea
1681:Erythranthe montioides
1566:Erythranthe lagunensis
1455:Erythranthe hardhamiae
1403:Erythranthe gracilipes
1361:Erythranthe geniculata
1339:Erythranthe floribunda
1308:Erythranthe filicaulis
1287:Erythranthe erubescens
1118:Erythranthe cardinalis
1108:Erythranthe calciphila
1088:Erythranthe caespitosa
1045:Erythranthe breviflora
1038:(P.C.Tsoong) G.L.Nesom
930:Erythranthe androsacea
909:Erythranthe alsinoides
886:
885:in southern California
873:
861:
848:
835:
822:
809:
796:
795:in southern California
783:
769:Species alphabetically
682:Many issues remain in
531:Erythranthe cardinalis
476:difference. At least
449:"), red, with αΌΞ½ΞΈΞΏΟ ("
437:Etymology and taxonomy
418:Erythranthe alsinoides
364:Amphipyra tragopoginis
178:Erythranthe cardinalis
7094:mimulus culinary use.
6743:. Las Pilitas Nursery
6095:Nesom, G. L. (2012).
5890:Nesom, G. L. (2012).
5849:Erythranthe diminuens
5845:Nesom, G. L. (2017).
5804:Nesom, G. L. (2011).
5513:10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093
4296:nutrient deficiencies
4288:cucumber mosaic virus
4209:Further information:
4130:allopatric speciation
3910:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom
3862:Erythranthe bodinieri
3851:Erythranthe bhutanica
3772:Erythranthe bridgesii
3761:Erythranthe bracteosa
3713:Erythranthe gemmipara
3560:Erythranthe shevockii
3532:(A.L.Grant) N.S.Fraga
3479:(A.L.Grant) N.S.Fraga
3469:(A.L.Grant) N.S.Fraga
3444:Erythranthe calcicola
3385:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom
3371:Erythranthe acutidens
3351:(Novopokr.) G.L.Nesom
3216:Erythranthe inflatula
3158:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom
3148:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom
3111:Erythranthe rupestris
2980:Erythranthe naiandina
2879:Erythranthe visibilis
2869:Erythranthe utahensis
2841:(A. Nelson) G.L.Nesom
2837:Erythranthe thermalis
2822:Erythranthe sookensis
2778:Erythranthe peregrina
2769:Erythranthe percaulis
2759:Erythranthe pennellii
2703:(A. Nelson) G.L.Nesom
2694:β (Michoacan, Mexico)
2657:Erythranthe marmorata
2647:Erythranthe madrensis
2627:Erythranthe laciniata
2534:Erythranthe dentiloba
2523:Erythranthe diminuens
2517:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom
2493:Erythranthe corallina
2413:Erythranthe arenicola
2383:
2370:
2357:
2345:
2333:
2321:
2308:
2286:Erythranthe peregrina
2196:Erythranthe visibilis
2166:Erythranthe utahensis
2117:(A. Nelson) G.L.Nesom
2113:Erythranthe thermalis
2063:(Novopokr.) G.L.Nesom
2044:Erythranthe sookensis
2008:Erythranthe shevockii
1967:Erythranthe rupestris
1929:(A.L.Grant) N.S.Fraga
1897:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom
1851:Erythranthe percaulis
1841:Erythranthe pennellii
1703:Erythranthe naiandina
1675:(A. Nelson) G.L.Nesom
1666:β (Michoacan, Mexico)
1629:Erythranthe marmorata
1619:Erythranthe madrensis
1556:Erythranthe laciniata
1525:Erythranthe inflatula
1465:Erythranthe howaldiae
1428:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom
1350:Erythranthe gemmipara
1271:(A.L.Grant) N.S.Fraga
1256:Erythranthe diminuens
1250:(A.L.Grant) N.S.Fraga
1226:Erythranthe dentiloba
1209:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom
1170:Erythranthe corallina
1098:Erythranthe calcicola
1077:Erythranthe bridgesii
1034:Erythranthe bracteosa
1013:Erythranthe bodinieri
991:Erythranthe bhutanica
951:Erythranthe arenicola
945:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom
924:(A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom
899:Erythranthe acutidens
879:
867:
854:
841:
828:
815:
802:
789:
776:
567:as strictly defined;
482:is known to possess "
358:species, such as the
7171:(Blood-drop-emlets)"
6139:"Distribution Maps (
5940:(Suksd.) G.L. Nesom"
5308:10.3732/ajb.91.3.474
4656:Nesom, G.L. (2012).
4376:alternative medicine
4372:Bach flower remedies
4076:Erythranthe parishii
4016:, which feed on its
3950:Reproductive biology
3917:Erythranthe sinoalba
3888:(Yamazaki) G.L.Nesom
3855:(Yamazaki) G.L.Nesom
3840:Erythranthe orizabae
3805:Erythranthe tibetica
3528:Erythranthe purpurea
3489:(B.L.Rob.) N.S.Fraga
3475:Erythranthe discolor
3317:Erythranthe taylorii
3286:Erythranthe norrisii
3275:Erythranthe moschata
3268:Erythranthe moschata
3250:Erythranthe latidens
3233:Erythranthe moschata
3154:Erythranthe arenaria
3144:Erythranthe ampliata
3100:Erythranthe parishii
3086:Erythranthe nelsonii
3007:Erythranthe glabrata
2950:Erythranthe lacerata
2941:Erythranthe depressa
2930:(Dombrain) G.L.Nesom
2919:Erythranthe glabrata
2911:Erythranthe andicola
2901:Erythranthe depressa
2848:Erythranthe tilingii
2812:Erythranthe scouleri
2739:Erythranthe pardalis
2617:Erythranthe inamoena
2564:Erythranthe glabrata
2423:Erythranthe arvensis
2216:Erythranthe willisii
2135:Erythranthe tilingii
2124:Erythranthe tibetica
2092:Erythranthe taylorii
2033:Erythranthe sinoalba
1977:Erythranthe scouleri
1925:Erythranthe purpurea
1810:Erythranthe parishii
1800:Erythranthe pardalis
1768:Erythranthe orizabae
1748:Erythranthe norrisii
1723:Erythranthe nelsonii
1692:Erythranthe moschata
1576:Erythranthe latidens
1549:(Yamazaki) G.L.Nesom
1485:Erythranthe inamoena
1407:(B.L.Rob.) N.S.Fraga
1381:Erythranthe glabrata
1267:Erythranthe discolor
1236:Erythranthe depressa
1194:(Dombrain) G.L.Nesom
995:(Yamazaki) G.L.Nesom
961:Erythranthe arvensis
941:Erythranthe arenaria
920:Erythranthe ampliata
631:allopolyploidization
521:The French botanist
490:, supplementing its
260:was segregated from
6860:Philaenus spumarius
6718:(Blood-drop-emlets)
6652:Erythranthe palmeri
6453:2014PLoSO...9j1463C
6255:10.1038/nature02106
6247:2003Natur.426..176B
6192:1999PNAS...9611910S
6186:(21): 11910β11915.
5035:on 13 February 2017
4975:Erythranthe guttata
4922:Erythranthe guttata
4315:, several species,
4136:Erythranthe guttata
4128:likely evolved via
4004:by bees, primarily
3990:Erythranthe lewisii
3939:Erythranthe tenella
3906:Erythranthe procera
3873:Erythranthe inflata
3829:Erythranthe dentata
3787:(Franch.) G.L.Nesom
3654:Erythranthe breweri
3643:Erythranthe bicolor
3575:Erythranthe sierrae
3549:Erythranthe rubella
3517:Erythranthe palmeri
3465:Erythranthe diffusa
3434:Erythranthe barbata
3300:(Pennell) G.L.Nesom
3225:Erythranthe inodora
3075:Erythranthe lewisii
3068:Erythranthe flammea
2953:(Pennell) G.L.Nesom
2893:Erythranthe acaulis
2873:(Pennell) G.L.Nesom
2863:(Pennell) G.L.Nesom
2828:β originally named
2749:Erythranthe parvula
2743:(Pennell) G.L.Nesom
2729:Erythranthe pallens
2671:(Pennell) G.L.Nesom
2596:Erythranthe guttata
2586:Erythranthe grandis
2503:Erythranthe cordata
2417:(Pennell) G.L.Nesom
2301:Species sectionally
2239:(S.Arn.) Silverside
2170:(Pennell) G.L.Nesom
2160:(Pennell) G.L.Nesom
2102:Erythranthe tenella
2023:Erythranthe sierrae
1956:Erythranthe rubella
1904:Erythranthe ptilota
1893:Erythranthe procera
1865:(Franch.) G.L.Nesom
1835:(Pennell) G.L.Nesom
1821:Erythranthe parvula
1804:(Pennell) G.L.Nesom
1789:Erythranthe palmeri
1779:Erythranthe pallens
1643:(Pennell) G.L.Nesom
1587:Erythranthe lewisii
1514:Erythranthe inflata
1434:Erythranthe guttata
1414:Erythranthe grandis
1329:Erythranthe flammea
1246:Erythranthe diffusa
1215:Erythranthe dentata
1180:Erythranthe cordata
1066:Erythranthe breweri
1002:Erythranthe bicolor
981:Erythranthe barbata
955:(Pennell) G.L.Nesom
671:, and others). The
393:Erythranthe guttata
369:Within the section
7145:Cancer Research UK
6977:10.1093/aob/mcn037
6148:. Mimulus Taxonomy
6018:"A new species of
5806:"A New Species of
5772:. Mimulus Taxonomy
5654:Mimulus peregrinus
5603:Mimulus peregrinus
5253:10.1093/aob/mcn014
4834:10.1242/jeb.092213
4380:Cancer Research UK
4290:(CMV), as well as
4205:Pests and diseases
4155:Erythranthe nasuta
3899:(Benth.) G.L.Nesom
3866:(Vaniot) G.L.Nesom
3844:(Benth.) G.L.Nesom
3798:(Maxim.) G.L.Nesom
3776:(Benth.) G.L.Nesom
3737:Erythranthe exigua
3589:(A.Gray) N.S.Fraga
3553:(A.Gray) N.S.Fraga
3521:(A.Gray) N.S.Fraga
3510:(A.Gray) N.S.Fraga
3438:(Greene) N.S.Fraga
3395:(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
3375:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
3310:(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
3296:Erythranthe patula
3263:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
3254:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
3244:(Suksd.) G.L.Nesom
3228:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
3220:(Suksd.) G.L.Nesom
3210:(Meinke) G.L.Nesom
3200:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
2994:(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom
2926:Erythranthe cuprea
2763:(Gentry) G.L.Nesom
2733:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
2719:Erythranthe nudata
2713:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
2709:Erythranthe nasuta
2688:Erythranthe minima
2682:(Benth.) G.L.Nesom
2661:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
2631:(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
2621:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
2611:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
2607:Erythranthe hallii
2590:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
2579:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
2554:Erythranthe geyeri
2513:Erythranthe decora
2507:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
2497:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
2467:(Gentry) G.L.Nesom
2457:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
2427:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
2390:
2378:
2365:
2352:
2340:
2328:
2316:
2190:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
2074:(A.Gray) N.S.Fraga
2001:(Maxim.) G.L.Nesom
1960:(A.Gray) N.S.Fraga
1918:(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
1845:(Gentry) G.L.Nesom
1831:Erythranthe patula
1793:(A.Gray) N.S.Fraga
1783:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
1772:(Benth.) G.L.Nesom
1758:Erythranthe nudata
1741:(Benth.) G.L.Nesom
1717:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
1713:Erythranthe nasuta
1685:(A.Gray) N.S.Fraga
1660:Erythranthe minima
1654:(Benth.) G.L.Nesom
1633:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
1580:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
1560:(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
1539:(Suksd.) G.L.Nesom
1529:(Suksd.) G.L.Nesom
1499:(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
1489:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
1479:(Meinke) G.L.Nesom
1449:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
1445:Erythranthe hallii
1418:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
1396:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
1371:Erythranthe geyeri
1365:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
1297:Erythranthe exigua
1262:β (Sonora, Mexico)
1205:Erythranthe decora
1190:Erythranthe cuprea
1184:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
1174:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
1112:(Gentry) G.L.Nesom
1092:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
1081:(Benth.) G.L.Nesom
1017:(Vaniot) G.L.Nesom
985:(Greene) N.S.Fraga
965:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
903:(Greene) G.L.Nesom
887:
874:
862:
849:
836:
823:
810:
797:
784:
441:The derivation of
183:Mimulus cardinalis
7467:
7466:
7377:Open Tree of Life
7203:Taxon identifiers
7141:"Flower remedies"
7119:978-81-7021-271-3
7046:978-0-87842-359-0
6944:978-1-55870-764-1
6805:978-2-8317-0328-2
6330:10.1111/nph.13091
6292:(31): 282. 1996.
6241:(6963): 176β178.
6054:Mimulus sookensis
5672:10.1111/evo.12678
5401:10.1111/evo.12678
5118:978-0-538-74125-5
5065:978-0-600-35770-4
4798:978-0-88192-745-0
4765:978-1-55105-530-5
4522:10.1002/tax.12124
4465:10.1002/tax.12122
4041:Selasphorus rufus
4020:and transfer its
3944:
3943:(Bunge) G.L.Nesom
3933:
3922:
3911:
3900:
3889:
3878:
3867:
3856:
3845:
3834:
3810:
3799:
3788:
3778:β (South America)
3777:
3766:
3742:
3718:
3694:
3670:
3659:
3648:
3624:
3614:
3590:
3580:
3565:
3554:
3544:
3533:
3522:
3511:
3501:
3490:
3480:
3470:
3459:
3449:
3439:
3428:
3399:Mimulus acutidens
3396:
3386:
3381:Erythranthe grayi
3376:
3352:
3342:
3341:(Gand.) G.L.Nesom
3332:
3322:
3311:
3301:
3291:
3280:
3264:
3255:
3245:
3229:
3221:
3211:
3201:
3190:
3179:
3178:(Piper) G.L.Nesom
3169:
3159:
3149:
3126:
3116:
3105:
3091:
3080:
3063:
3053:
3043:
3032:
3003:
3002:(Kunth) G.L.Nesom
2995:
2985:
2974:
2969:Erythranthe lutea
2958:Erythranthe lutea
2954:
2946:
2945:(Phil.) G.L.Nesom
2931:
2915:
2914:(Kunth) G.L.Nesom
2897:
2896:(Phil.) G.L.Nesom
2884:
2874:
2864:
2853:
2852:(Regel) G.L.Nesom
2842:
2827:
2817:
2816:(Hook.) G.L.Nesom
2807:
2802:Erythranthe regni
2782:
2774:
2764:
2754:
2744:
2734:
2724:
2714:
2704:
2699:Erythranthe minor
2693:
2683:
2672:
2662:
2652:
2651:(Seem.) G.L.Nesom
2642:
2632:
2622:
2612:
2601:
2591:
2580:
2569:
2568:(Kunth) G.L.Nesom
2559:
2558:(Torr.) G.L.Nesom
2549:
2539:
2528:
2518:
2508:
2498:
2488:
2478:
2468:
2458:
2448:
2438:
2437:(Edwin) G.L.Nesom
2428:
2418:
2291:
2282:
2268:
2254:
2253:(Voss) Silverside
2240:
2221:
2211:
2210:(Gand.) G.L.Nesom
2201:
2191:
2181:
2171:
2161:
2151:
2140:
2139:(Regel) G.L.Nesom
2129:
2118:
2107:
2106:(Bunge) G.L.Nesom
2097:
2086:
2075:
2064:
2049:
2038:
2028:
2013:
2002:
1992:
1982:
1981:(Hook.) G.L.Nesom
1972:
1961:
1951:
1941:
1936:Erythranthe regni
1930:
1919:
1909:
1898:
1887:
1877:
1866:
1856:
1846:
1836:
1826:
1815:
1805:
1794:
1784:
1773:
1763:
1753:
1742:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1697:
1686:
1676:
1671:Erythranthe minor
1665:
1655:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1623:(Seem.) G.L.Nesom
1613:
1608:Erythranthe lutea
1603:
1592:
1581:
1571:
1561:
1550:
1540:
1530:
1519:
1503:Mimulus acutidens
1500:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1439:
1429:
1424:Erythranthe grayi
1419:
1408:
1397:
1386:
1385:(Kunth) G.L.Nesom
1376:
1375:(Torr.) G.L.Nesom
1366:
1355:
1344:
1334:
1324:
1313:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1261:
1251:
1241:
1240:(Phil.) G.L.Nesom
1231:
1220:
1210:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1155:
1145:
1134:
1123:
1113:
1103:
1093:
1083:β (South America)
1082:
1071:
1061:
1050:
1049:(Piper) G.L.Nesom
1039:
1029:
1028:(Edwin) G.L.Nesom
1018:
1007:
996:
986:
976:
966:
956:
946:
935:
925:
914:
904:
535:Edward Lee Greene
429:. The fruits are
423:Pacific Northwest
211:
210:
164:
7497:
7460:
7459:
7447:
7446:
7434:
7433:
7424:
7423:
7411:
7410:
7398:
7397:
7385:
7384:
7372:
7371:
7362:
7361:
7349:
7348:
7336:
7335:
7323:
7322:
7310:
7309:
7297:
7296:
7284:
7283:
7271:
7270:
7258:
7257:
7245:
7244:
7243:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7198:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7182:
7177:on 20 March 2017
7163:
7157:
7156:
7154:
7152:
7137:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7126:
7103:
7097:
7096:
7079:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7057:
7051:
7050:
7032:
7026:
7025:
7023:
7021:
7006:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6979:
6964:Annals of Botany
6955:
6949:
6948:
6924:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6913:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6856:Mimulus guttatus
6849:
6843:
6842:
6840:
6838:
6819:
6810:
6809:
6785:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6774:
6768:
6759:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6737:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6710:
6704:
6703:
6685:
6672:
6666:
6665:
6641:
6632:
6631:
6603:
6597:
6596:
6586:
6576:
6555:Mimulus guttatus
6544:
6538:
6537:
6519:
6498:Mimulus guttatus
6491:
6485:
6484:
6474:
6464:
6435:Mimulus guttatus
6428:
6422:
6421:
6403:
6394:(6): 1397β1410.
6379:
6373:
6372:
6348:
6342:
6341:
6332:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6281:
6275:
6274:
6230:
6224:
6223:
6213:
6203:
6167:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6153:
6147:
6134:
6128:
6127:
6109:
6092:
6083:
6082:
6064:
6047:
6038:
6037:
6013:
6004:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5961:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5944:
5932:
5923:
5922:
5904:
5887:
5878:
5877:
5859:
5842:
5833:
5832:
5814:
5801:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5771:
5758:
5752:
5751:
5741:
5724:(4): 1701β1716.
5712:Mimulus guttatus
5705:
5694:
5693:
5683:
5666:(6): 1487β1500.
5647:
5641:
5640:
5630:
5620:
5596:
5583:
5581:
5571:
5562:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5507:(7): 1093β1102.
5488:
5482:
5481:
5448:(6): 1397β1410.
5429:
5423:
5422:
5412:
5395:(6): 1487β1500.
5380:
5374:
5373:
5355:
5342:
5329:
5328:
5310:
5286:
5275:
5274:
5264:
5241:Annals of Botany
5228:
5222:
5221:
5195:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5132:
5123:
5122:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5085:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5025:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4948:Mimulus guttatus
4942:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4915:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4891:Mimulus guttatus
4884:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4845:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4786:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4751:
4745:
4744:
4726:
4698:
4689:
4688:
4670:
4653:
4640:
4639:
4621:
4604:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4566:
4553:
4542:
4541:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4476:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4398:
4280:pythium root rot
4150:self-pollination
4141:Bombus impatiens
4114:bisexual flowers
4051:Bombus balteatus
3942:
3931:
3920:
3909:
3898:
3887:
3877:(Miq.) G.L.Nesom
3876:
3865:
3854:
3843:
3832:
3808:
3797:
3786:
3775:
3764:
3740:
3716:
3692:
3668:
3657:
3646:
3622:
3612:
3588:
3578:
3563:
3552:
3542:
3531:
3520:
3509:
3499:
3488:
3478:
3468:
3457:
3447:
3437:
3426:
3394:
3384:
3374:
3350:
3340:
3330:
3320:
3309:
3299:
3289:
3278:
3262:
3253:
3243:
3227:
3219:
3209:
3199:
3188:
3177:
3167:
3157:
3147:
3124:
3114:
3103:
3089:
3078:
3061:
3051:
3041:
3030:
3001:
2993:
2983:
2972:
2952:
2944:
2929:
2913:
2895:
2882:
2872:
2862:
2851:
2840:
2825:
2815:
2805:
2781:M. Vallejo-Marin
2780:
2772:
2762:
2752:
2742:
2732:
2722:
2712:
2702:
2691:
2681:
2670:
2660:
2650:
2640:
2630:
2620:
2610:
2599:
2589:
2578:
2567:
2557:
2547:
2537:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2496:
2486:
2476:
2466:
2456:
2446:
2436:
2426:
2416:
2289:
2280:
2266:
2252:
2238:
2219:
2209:
2199:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2149:
2138:
2127:
2116:
2105:
2095:
2084:
2073:
2062:
2047:
2036:
2026:
2011:
2000:
1990:
1980:
1970:
1959:
1949:
1939:
1928:
1917:
1907:
1896:
1885:
1875:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1834:
1824:
1813:
1803:
1792:
1782:
1771:
1761:
1751:
1740:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1695:
1684:
1674:
1663:
1653:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1611:
1601:
1590:
1579:
1569:
1559:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1518:(Miq.) G.L.Nesom
1517:
1498:
1488:
1478:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1406:
1395:
1384:
1374:
1364:
1353:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1311:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1270:
1259:
1249:
1239:
1229:
1218:
1208:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1153:
1143:
1132:
1121:
1111:
1101:
1091:
1080:
1069:
1059:
1048:
1037:
1027:
1016:
1005:
994:
984:
974:
964:
954:
944:
933:
923:
912:
902:
821:in Sierra Nevada
691:(perennials are
608:Scrophulariaceae
541:as a section of
488:protocarnivorous
385:are longer than
155:
59:
58:
35:
21:
7505:
7504:
7500:
7499:
7498:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7485:Lamiales genera
7470:
7469:
7468:
7463:
7455:
7450:
7442:
7437:
7429:
7427:
7419:
7414:
7406:
7401:
7393:
7388:
7380:
7375:
7367:
7365:
7357:
7352:
7344:
7339:
7331:
7326:
7318:
7313:
7305:
7300:
7292:
7287:
7279:
7274:
7266:
7261:
7253:
7248:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7224:
7223:
7218:
7205:
7195:
7190:
7180:
7178:
7165:
7164:
7160:
7150:
7148:
7139:
7138:
7134:
7124:
7122:
7120:
7105:
7104:
7100:
7081:
7080:
7076:
7066:
7064:
7059:
7058:
7054:
7047:
7034:
7033:
7029:
7019:
7017:
7012:Mimulus cupreus
7008:
7007:
7003:
6957:
6956:
6952:
6945:
6926:
6925:
6921:
6911:
6909:
6892:
6891:
6887:
6851:
6850:
6846:
6836:
6834:
6823:"Monkey flowerβ
6821:
6820:
6813:
6806:
6787:
6786:
6782:
6772:
6770:
6766:
6761:
6760:
6756:
6746:
6744:
6739:
6738:
6734:
6724:
6722:
6712:
6711:
6707:
6683:
6674:
6673:
6669:
6646:"A Revision of
6643:
6642:
6635:
6605:
6604:
6600:
6567:(6): e1004410.
6551:Mimulus nasutus
6546:
6545:
6541:
6493:
6492:
6488:
6433:"Inbreeding in
6430:
6429:
6425:
6381:
6380:
6376:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6317:New Phytologist
6310:
6309:
6305:
6283:
6282:
6278:
6232:
6231:
6227:
6169:
6168:
6161:
6151:
6149:
6145:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6107:
6094:
6093:
6086:
6062:
6049:
6048:
6041:
6015:
6014:
6007:
5998:
5996:
5988:
5987:
5983:
5974:
5972:
5963:
5962:
5958:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5934:
5933:
5926:
5902:
5889:
5888:
5881:
5857:
5844:
5843:
5836:
5812:
5803:
5802:
5785:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5707:
5706:
5697:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5598:
5597:
5586:
5569:
5564:
5563:
5559:
5549:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5382:
5381:
5377:
5353:
5344:
5343:
5332:
5301:(3): 474β4890.
5288:
5287:
5278:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5141:New Phytologist
5134:
5133:
5126:
5119:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5066:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5038:
5036:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5012:
5010:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4986:
4984:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4955:
4953:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4929:
4927:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4902:
4900:
4899:on 26 June 2017
4886:
4885:
4881:
4871:
4869:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4799:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4766:
4753:
4752:
4748:
4700:
4699:
4692:
4668:
4655:
4654:
4643:
4619:
4606:
4605:
4580:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4555:
4554:
4545:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4392:
4388:
4365:
4348:sodium chloride
4341:
4309:
4304:
4276:botrytis blight
4213:
4207:
4168:
4118:self-compatible
4084:self-pollinated
4069:B. vosnesenskii
3952:
3932:(Pai) G.L.Nesom
2887:(South America)
2303:
2267:(T.Moore) Mabb.
2085:(Pai) G.L.Nesom
771:
766:
734:E. brachystylis
673:genome sequence
439:
324:
226:, is a diverse
186:
154:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7503:
7501:
7493:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7472:
7471:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7461:
7457:wfo-4001303207
7448:
7435:
7425:
7412:
7399:
7386:
7373:
7363:
7350:
7337:
7324:
7311:
7298:
7285:
7272:
7259:
7246:
7231:
7215:
7213:
7207:
7206:
7201:
7194:
7193:External links
7191:
7189:
7188:
7158:
7132:
7118:
7098:
7074:
7052:
7045:
7027:
7001:
6950:
6943:
6919:
6885:
6872:(4): 891β898.
6844:
6811:
6804:
6780:
6762:Wallace, Pam.
6754:
6732:
6716:Mimulus luteus
6705:
6667:
6633:
6614:(6): 650β659.
6598:
6539:
6510:(4): 848β859.
6486:
6447:(7): e101463.
6423:
6374:
6363:(2): 107β117.
6343:
6323:(2): 907β917,
6303:
6276:
6225:
6159:
6129:
6084:
6039:
6005:
5981:
5956:
5924:
5879:
5834:
5783:
5753:
5695:
5642:
5584:
5557:
5534:
5483:
5454:10.1554/02-086
5424:
5375:
5330:
5276:
5247:(5): 641β650.
5223:
5186:(3): 629β642.
5166:
5147:(3): 729β739.
5124:
5117:
5097:
5071:
5064:
5046:
5020:
4994:
4963:
4937:
4910:
4879:
4857:
4828:(4): 614β623.
4804:
4797:
4771:
4764:
4746:
4717:(2): 220β230.
4690:
4641:
4578:
4567:. guynesom.net
4543:
4516:(4): 624β627.
4496:
4459:(4): 617β623.
4438:
4416:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4364:
4361:
4340:
4337:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4260:powdery mildew
4206:
4203:
4167:
4164:
4126:E. cinnabarina
4090:E. eastwoodiae
3968:E. cinnabarina
3958:as a species,
3956:E. cinnabarina
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3935:
3924:
3913:
3902:
3891:
3880:
3869:
3858:
3847:
3836:
3824:
3823:
3813:
3812:
3801:
3790:
3779:
3768:
3756:
3755:
3745:
3744:
3732:
3731:
3721:
3720:
3708:
3707:
3697:
3696:
3684:
3683:
3673:
3672:
3661:
3650:
3638:
3637:
3627:
3626:
3615:
3604:
3603:
3593:
3592:
3581:
3571:
3556:
3545:
3535:
3524:
3513:
3502:
3492:
3481:
3471:
3461:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3418:
3417:
3407:
3406:
3387:
3377:
3366:
3365:
3355:
3354:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3302:
3292:
3282:
3271:
3257:
3246:
3236:
3222:
3212:
3202:
3192:
3181:
3170:
3160:
3150:
3139:
3138:
3128:
3127:
3117:
3107:
3096:
3082:
3071:
3064:
3054:
3044:
3034:
3022:
3021:
3011:
3010:
2996:
2986:
2976:
2973:(L.) G.L.Nesom
2965:
2947:
2937:
2922:
2908:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2875:
2865:
2855:
2844:
2833:
2818:
2808:
2798:
2775:
2765:
2755:
2745:
2735:
2725:
2715:
2705:
2695:
2684:
2674:
2663:
2653:
2643:
2633:
2623:
2613:
2603:
2592:
2582:
2571:
2560:
2550:
2540:
2530:
2519:
2509:
2499:
2489:
2479:
2469:
2459:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2408:
2407:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2269:
2255:
2241:
2223:
2222:
2212:
2202:
2192:
2182:
2172:
2162:
2152:
2142:
2131:
2120:
2109:
2098:
2088:
2077:
2066:
2055:
2040:
2029:
2019:
2004:
1993:
1983:
1973:
1963:
1952:
1942:
1932:
1921:
1910:
1900:
1889:
1878:
1868:
1857:
1847:
1837:
1827:
1817:
1806:
1796:
1785:
1775:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1733:
1719:
1709:
1699:
1688:
1677:
1667:
1656:
1646:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1612:(L.) G.L.Nesom
1604:
1594:
1583:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1510:
1491:
1481:
1471:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1430:
1420:
1410:
1399:
1388:
1377:
1367:
1357:
1346:
1335:
1325:
1315:
1304:
1293:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1252:
1242:
1232:
1222:
1211:
1201:
1186:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1146:
1136:
1125:
1114:
1104:
1094:
1084:
1073:
1062:
1052:
1041:
1030:
1020:
1009:
998:
987:
977:
967:
957:
947:
937:
926:
916:
905:
857:E. primuloides
805:E. carsonensis
770:
767:
765:
762:
705:E. microphylla
703:; annuals are
637:Charles Darwin
438:
435:
323:
320:
220:monkey-flowers
209:
208:
195:
194:
188:
187:
173:
172:
166:
165:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
110:
109:
104:
97:
96:
91:
84:
83:
78:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
47:
46:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7502:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7477:
7475:
7458:
7453:
7449:
7445:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7426:
7422:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7391:
7387:
7383:
7378:
7374:
7370:
7364:
7360:
7355:
7351:
7347:
7342:
7338:
7334:
7329:
7325:
7321:
7316:
7312:
7308:
7303:
7299:
7295:
7290:
7286:
7282:
7277:
7273:
7269:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7251:
7247:
7242:
7236:
7232:
7227:
7221:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7212:
7208:
7204:
7199:
7192:
7176:
7172:
7170:
7162:
7159:
7146:
7142:
7136:
7133:
7121:
7115:
7111:
7110:
7102:
7099:
7095:
7091:
7087:
7086:
7078:
7075:
7062:
7056:
7053:
7048:
7042:
7038:
7031:
7028:
7015:
7013:
7005:
7002:
6996:
6991:
6987:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6954:
6951:
6946:
6940:
6936:
6932:
6931:
6923:
6920:
6908:
6904:
6902:
6898:
6889:
6886:
6880:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6848:
6845:
6832:
6830:
6826:
6818:
6816:
6812:
6807:
6801:
6797:
6793:
6792:
6784:
6781:
6765:
6758:
6755:
6742:
6736:
6733:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6709:
6706:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6682:
6681:(Phrymaceae)"
6680:
6671:
6668:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6653:
6649:
6640:
6638:
6634:
6629:
6625:
6621:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6602:
6599:
6594:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6561:PLOS Genetics
6558:
6556:
6552:
6543:
6540:
6535:
6531:
6527:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6499:
6490:
6487:
6482:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6436:
6427:
6424:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6378:
6375:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6347:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6307:
6304:
6299:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6280:
6277:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6229:
6226:
6221:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6175:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6144:
6142:
6133:
6130:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6106:
6105:(Phrymaceae)"
6104:
6100:
6097:"Taxonomy of
6091:
6089:
6085:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6061:
6059:
6055:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6012:
6010:
6006:
5995:
5991:
5985:
5982:
5971:
5967:
5960:
5957:
5941:
5939:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5901:
5900:(Phrymaceae)"
5899:
5898:Achlyopitheca
5895:
5886:
5884:
5880:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5811:
5809:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5784:
5768:
5766:
5757:
5754:
5749:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5713:
5704:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5691:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5655:
5646:
5643:
5638:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5604:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5585:
5579:
5575:
5568:
5561:
5558:
5545:
5538:
5535:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5487:
5484:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5428:
5425:
5420:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5379:
5376:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5352:
5350:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5272:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5236:
5227:
5224:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5170:
5167:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5120:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5101:
5098:
5082:
5075:
5072:
5067:
5061:
5057:
5050:
5047:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5021:
5008:
5006:
4998:
4995:
4982:
4978:
4976:
4967:
4964:
4951:
4949:
4941:
4938:
4925:
4923:
4914:
4911:
4898:
4894:
4892:
4883:
4880:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4853:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4817:
4808:
4805:
4800:
4794:
4790:
4785:
4784:
4775:
4772:
4767:
4761:
4757:
4750:
4747:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4706:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4658:"Taxonomy of
4652:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4618:
4617:(Phrymaceae)"
4616:
4612:
4609:"Taxonomy of
4603:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4563:
4561:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4500:
4497:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4442:
4439:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4404:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4339:Culinary uses
4338:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4306:
4302:Human culture
4301:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4262:β especially
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4212:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4179:
4177:
4176:North America
4173:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4158:evolved from
4157:
4156:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4122:E. cardinalis
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4106:E. cardinalis
4103:
4102:E. verbenacea
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4064:
4063:B. flavifrons
4059:
4058:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4046:E. erubescens
4043:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4030:E. cardinalis
4027:
4026:E. cardinalis
4023:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:E. erubescens
3977:
3973:
3972:E. cardinalis
3969:
3965:
3964:E. cardinalis
3961:
3957:
3949:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3681:Alsinimimulus
3678:
3675:
3674:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:Achlyopitheca
3360:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3265:, synonym of
3261:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3230:, synonym of
3226:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3004:, synonym of
3000:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2955:, synonym of
2951:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2934:Flor de cobre
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:, synonym of
2912:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2898:, synonym of
2894:
2891:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2826:B.G. Benedict
2824:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2795:M. peregrinus
2792:
2791:
2787:
2783:, synonym of
2779:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2375:
2374:
2373:E. suksdorfii
2369:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2313:
2312:
2311:E. alsinoides
2307:
2300:
2295:
2294:M. peregrinus
2288:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2048:B.G. Benedict
2046:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1198:Flor de cobre
1192:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1003:
999:
993:
992:
988:
983:
982:
978:
973:
972:
968:
963:
962:
958:
953:
952:
948:
943:
942:
938:
932:
931:
927:
922:
921:
917:
911:
910:
906:
901:
900:
896:
895:
894:
892:
884:
883:
882:E. floribunda
878:
872:
871:
866:
860:in Washington
859:
858:
853:
846:
845:
840:
833:
832:
827:
820:
819:
814:
807:
806:
801:
794:
793:
792:E. cardinalis
788:
781:
780:
779:E. alsinoides
775:
768:
763:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
726:E. caespitosa
723:
719:
715:
712:evolved from
711:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
685:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:E. cardinalis
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
632:
628:
627:
622:
617:
615:
614:
609:
604:
602:
601:
596:
595:
590:
589:
584:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
547:while adding
546:
545:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
523:Γdouard Spach
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:flypaper-type
481:
480:
475:
471:
467:
463:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
436:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:
414:
411:
407:
402:
398:
394:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
336:
332:
328:
321:
319:
317:
313:
309:
303:
301:
297:
293:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:
253:
249:
248:
243:
239:
236:
232:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:
207:
205:
201:
196:
193:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
153:
152:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:Tracheophytes
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
7490:Plant models
7210:
7179:. Retrieved
7175:the original
7168:
7161:
7149:. Retrieved
7147:. 2017-08-30
7135:
7123:. Retrieved
7108:
7101:
7093:
7084:
7077:
7065:. Retrieved
7055:
7036:
7030:
7018:. Retrieved
7011:
7004:
6967:
6963:
6953:
6929:
6922:
6910:. Retrieved
6900:
6896:
6888:
6869:
6865:
6859:
6855:
6847:
6835:. Retrieved
6828:
6824:
6790:
6783:
6771:. Retrieved
6757:
6745:. Retrieved
6735:
6723:. Retrieved
6717:
6714:
6708:
6691:
6687:
6678:
6670:
6661:
6657:
6651:
6647:
6611:
6607:
6601:
6564:
6560:
6554:
6550:
6542:
6507:
6503:
6497:
6489:
6444:
6440:
6434:
6426:
6391:
6387:
6377:
6360:
6356:
6352:
6346:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6306:
6289:
6285:
6279:
6238:
6234:
6228:
6183:
6179:
6173:
6150:. Retrieved
6140:
6132:
6115:
6111:
6102:
6098:
6070:
6066:
6057:
6053:
6033:
6029:
6023:
6022:L. (section
6019:
5997:. Retrieved
5993:
5984:
5973:. Retrieved
5969:
5959:
5947:. Retrieved
5937:
5910:
5906:
5897:
5893:
5865:
5861:
5855:from Sonora"
5852:
5848:
5820:
5816:
5807:
5774:. Retrieved
5764:
5756:
5721:
5717:
5711:
5663:
5659:
5653:
5645:
5611:(14): 1β14.
5608:
5602:
5577:
5573:
5560:
5548:. Retrieved
5537:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5486:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5427:
5392:
5388:
5378:
5361:
5357:
5348:
5298:
5294:
5244:
5240:
5234:
5226:
5183:
5179:
5169:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5107:
5100:
5088:. Retrieved
5074:
5055:
5049:
5037:. Retrieved
5033:the original
5023:
5011:. Retrieved
5004:
4997:
4985:. Retrieved
4980:
4974:
4966:
4954:. Retrieved
4947:
4940:
4928:. Retrieved
4921:
4913:
4901:. Retrieved
4897:the original
4890:
4882:
4870:. Retrieved
4860:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4807:
4782:
4774:
4755:
4749:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4676:
4672:
4663:
4659:
4627:
4623:
4614:
4610:
4569:. Retrieved
4559:
4513:
4509:
4499:
4456:
4452:
4441:
4429:. Retrieved
4419:
4407:. Retrieved
4374:, a kind of
4367:
4366:
4356:
4343:
4342:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4313:horticulture
4310:
4307:Horticulture
4269:
4263:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4189:, which are
4186:
4182:
4180:
4171:
4170:Over 80% of
4169:
4159:
4153:
4145:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4125:
4121:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4098:E. rupestris
4097:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4061:
4057:B. centralis
4055:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4035:Calypte anna
4033:
4029:
4025:
4011:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3988:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3953:
3937:
3926:
3915:
3904:
3893:
3882:
3871:
3860:
3849:
3838:
3827:
3820:
3816:
3803:
3792:
3781:
3770:
3759:
3752:
3748:
3735:
3728:
3724:
3711:
3704:
3700:
3687:
3680:
3676:
3663:
3652:
3641:
3634:
3630:
3617:
3607:
3600:
3596:
3583:
3573:
3558:
3547:
3537:
3526:
3515:
3504:
3494:
3483:
3473:
3463:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3421:
3414:
3410:
3402:
3398:
3389:
3379:
3369:
3362:
3358:
3345:
3335:
3325:
3315:
3304:
3294:
3284:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3248:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3214:
3204:
3194:
3183:
3172:
3162:
3152:
3142:
3135:
3131:
3119:
3109:
3098:
3093:
3084:
3073:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3025:
3018:
3014:
3005:
2998:
2988:
2978:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2949:
2939:
2933:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2892:
2877:
2867:
2857:
2846:
2835:
2830:M. sookensis
2829:
2820:
2810:
2800:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2777:
2767:
2757:
2747:
2737:
2727:
2717:
2707:
2697:
2686:
2676:
2665:
2655:
2645:
2635:
2625:
2615:
2605:
2594:
2584:
2573:
2562:
2552:
2542:
2532:
2521:
2511:
2501:
2491:
2481:
2471:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2431:
2421:
2411:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2391:
2384:
2371:
2358:
2346:
2334:
2322:
2309:
2293:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2214:
2204:
2194:
2184:
2174:
2164:
2154:
2144:
2133:
2122:
2111:
2100:
2090:
2079:
2068:
2057:
2052:M. sookensis
2051:
2042:
2031:
2021:
2006:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1923:
1912:
1902:
1891:
1880:
1870:
1859:
1849:
1839:
1829:
1819:
1808:
1798:
1787:
1777:
1766:
1756:
1746:
1735:
1730:
1721:
1711:
1701:
1690:
1679:
1669:
1658:
1648:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1606:
1596:
1585:
1574:
1564:
1554:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1493:
1483:
1473:
1463:
1453:
1443:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1379:
1369:
1359:
1348:
1337:
1327:
1317:
1306:
1295:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1254:
1244:
1234:
1224:
1213:
1203:
1197:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1127:
1116:
1106:
1096:
1086:
1075:
1064:
1054:
1043:
1032:
1022:
1011:
1000:
989:
979:
969:
959:
949:
939:
928:
918:
907:
897:
888:
880:
870:E. shevockii
868:
855:
842:
829:
818:E filicaulis
816:
803:
790:
777:
758:E. utahensis
757:
753:
749:
745:
742:E. corallina
741:
737:
733:
730:E. arenicola
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
704:
701:E. corallina
700:
696:
692:
687:
683:
681:
676:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
645:model system
640:
635:
626:E. peregrina
624:
620:
618:
611:
605:
598:
592:
586:
580:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
542:
538:
530:
526:
525:established
520:
515:
511:
507:
496:anthocyanins
477:
469:
465:
461:
455:generic name
450:
446:
442:
440:
416:
415:
400:
396:
392:
391:
370:
368:
363:
347:
338:
331:placentation
326:
325:
312:hummingbirds
304:
299:
295:
282:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
255:
251:
245:
241:
224:musk-flowers
223:
219:
214:
213:
212:
203:
199:
198:
182:
176:
170:Type species
150:
149:
113:
100:
87:
74:
45:in Scotland
42:E. peregrina
40:
24:
18:
7480:Erythranthe
7315:iNaturalist
7241:Erythranthe
7235:Wikispecies
7211:Erythranthe
7125:2 September
7067:19 February
7020:12 February
6970:(5): vβvi.
6912:19 February
6773:19 February
6747:19 February
6688:Phytoneuron
6679:Erythranthe
6664:(1): 49β68.
6152:14 February
6141:Erythranthe
6112:Phytoneuron
6099:Erythranthe
6067:Phytoneuron
6058:Erythranthe
6036:(1): 31β37.
5949:25 February
5907:Phytoneuron
5894:Erythranthe
5862:Phytoneuron
5817:Phytoneuron
5808:Erythranthe
5550:18 February
5438:Erythranthe
5358:Phytoneuron
5039:12 February
4956:25 February
4930:25 February
4903:25 February
4673:Phytoneuron
4660:Erythranthe
4624:Phytoneuron
4615:Erythranthe
4611:Erythranthe
4571:20 February
4368:Erythranthe
4344:Erythranthe
4228:gall midges
4220:Erythranthe
4191:hydrophilic
4172:Erythranthe
4110:E. nelsonii
4094:E. nelsonii
3817:Erythranthe
3753:Sinopitheca
3749:Erythranthe
3725:Erythranthe
3701:Erythranthe
3677:Erythranthe
3631:Erythranthe
3597:Erythranthe
3411:Erythranthe
3359:Erythranthe
3132:Erythranthe
3019:Erythranthe
3015:Erythranthe
2786:Erythranthe
2401:Erythranthe
2394:Erythranthe
2386:E. tilingii
2336:E. dentatus
2273:Erythranthe
2259:Erythranthe
2245:Erythranthe
2231:Erythranthe
754:E. tilingii
718:E. tilingii
684:Erythranthe
669:E. parishii
659:(including
657:Erythranthe
641:Erythranthe
621:Erythranthe
569:Erythranthe
553:E. parishii
539:Erythranthe
537:classified
527:Erythranthe
470:Erythranthe
443:Erythranthe
397:Erythranthe
371:Erythranthe
356:Lepidoptera
348:Erythranthe
339:Erythranthe
327:Erythranthe
322:Description
296:Erythranthe
270:Erythranthe
242:Erythranthe
215:Erythranthe
204:Erythranthe
162:G. L. Nesom
151:Erythranthe
94:Angiosperms
25:Erythranthe
7474:Categories
7181:4 February
7151:4 February
6837:18 January
6725:4 February
5999:2023-08-06
5975:2023-08-06
5090:4 February
4872:4 February
4431:4 February
4409:4 February
4386:References
4325:E. gutatta
4256:leaf spots
4244:crown gall
4160:E. guttata
4146:E. guttata
4080:E. lewisii
4002:pollinated
3998:E. lewisii
3976:E. lewisii
3960:E. lewisii
3846:β (Mexico)
3635:Monimanthe
3415:Paradantha
3353:β (Russia)
2797:(Scotland)
2360:E. rubella
2296:(Scotland)
2065:β (Russia)
1774:β (Mexico)
844:E. lewisii
831:E. guttata
746:E. guttata
714:E. guttata
697:E. grandis
693:E. guttata
688:E. guttata
686:taxonomy.
677:E. guttata
661:E. lewisii
653:E. guttata
594:Mimetanthe
588:Elacholoma
559:by Barker
549:E. lewisii
479:E. lewisii
401:E. guttata
360:mouse moth
292:perennials
289:herbaceous
238:Phrymaceae
140:Phrymaceae
7226:Q17745902
6700:2153-733X
6504:Evolution
6388:Evolution
6124:2153-733X
6103:Mimulosma
6079:2153-733X
5919:2153-733X
5874:2153-733X
5829:2153-733X
5767:Taxonomy"
5660:Evolution
5609:PhytoKeys
5574:Fremontia
5478:198154155
5442:Evolution
5389:Evolution
5370:2153-733X
5180:Evolution
4733:0018-067X
4685:2153-733X
4679:: 1β123.
4636:2153-733X
4538:209602606
4530:1996-8175
4491:208584689
4483:1996-8175
4333:E. cuprea
4317:cultivars
4240:seed bugs
4232:mealybugs
4230:, golden
3984:phylogeny
3921:G.L.Nesom
3821:Mimulasia
3705:Simigemma
3579:N.S.Fraga
3543:N.S.Fraga
3500:N.S.Fraga
3458:N.S.Fraga
3448:N.S.Fraga
3397:β (syns.
3331:G.L.Nesom
3321:G.L.Nesom
3168:G.L.Nesom
3136:Mimulosma
3062:G.L.Nesom
3042:G.L.Nesom
2883:G.L.Nesom
2806:G.L.Nesom
2790:robertsii
2773:G.L.Nesom
2641:G.L.Nesom
2527:G.L.Nesom
2487:G.L.Nesom
2477:G.L.Nesom
2447:G.L.Nesom
2324:E. cuprea
2314:in Oregon
2277:robertsii
2225:Hybrids:
2220:G.L.Nesom
2200:G.L.Nesom
2150:G.L.Nesom
2096:G.L.Nesom
2037:G.L.Nesom
2027:N.S.Fraga
1950:N.S.Fraga
1940:G.L.Nesom
1908:G.L.Nesom
1876:G.L.Nesom
1855:G.L.Nesom
1570:G.L.Nesom
1501:β (syns.
1469:G.L.Nesom
1459:N.S.Fraga
1333:G.L.Nesom
1291:G.L.Nesom
1260:G.L.Nesom
1164:G.L.Nesom
1154:G.L.Nesom
1144:G.L.Nesom
1133:N.S.Fraga
1102:N.S.Fraga
1060:G.L.Nesom
975:G.L.Nesom
808:in Nevada
782:in Oregon
750:E. nasuta
710:E. nasuta
500:subshrubs
492:nutrients
333:and long
64:Kingdom:
7439:VicFlora
7428:VASCAN:
7421:40005910
7416:Tropicos
7220:Wikidata
6986:43575860
6901:hybridus
6825:Diplacus
6694:: 1β15.
6593:24967630
6526:28564194
6481:25036035
6441:PLOS ONE
6418:12894947
6369:41712764
6339:25306861
6298:41712949
6263:14614505
6220:10518550
6118:: 1β36.
6073:: 1β18.
6024:Simiolus
5853:Simiolus
5765:Simiolus
5748:11779808
5718:Genetics
5690:25929999
5637:23170069
5580:: 13β22.
5529:21665709
5470:12894947
5436:Section
5419:25929999
5364:: 1β60.
5325:21653403
5271:18272528
5218:33188741
5210:21054357
5202:29782952
5161:19453433
5013:28 April
4987:27 April
4852:24198269
4741:17551519
4711:Heredity
4630:: 1β41.
4357:E. lutea
4353:poultice
4329:E. lutea
4254:(INSV),
4216:Diplacus
4187:Simiolus
4183:Diplacus
4116:and are
4112:produce
3945:β (Asia)
3934:β (Asia)
3923:β (Asia)
3912:β (Asia)
3901:β (Asia)
3890:β (Asia)
3879:β (Asia)
3868:β (Asia)
3857:β (Asia)
3811:β (Asia)
3800:β (Asia)
3789:β (Asia)
3767:β (Asia)
3601:Monantha
3403:M. grayi
2906:depressa
2405:Simiolus
2348:E. lutea
2263:maculosa
2235:burnetii
2130:β (Asia)
2108:β (Asia)
2087:β (Asia)
2039:β (Asia)
2003:β (Asia)
1991:D.J.Keil
1899:β (Asia)
1867:β (Asia)
1551:β (Asia)
1520:β (Asia)
1507:M. grayi
1040:β (Asia)
1019:β (Asia)
997:β (Asia)
738:E. regni
722:E. minor
649:Simiolus
600:Thyridia
582:Uvedalia
573:Diplacus
516:Mimulus,
512:Diplacus
508:Diplacus
447:erythros
431:capsules
383:pedicels
375:glabrous
354:of some
335:pedicels
300:Diplacus
274:Diplacus
257:Diplacus
192:Synonyms
136:Family:
130:Lamiales
120:Asterids
107:Eudicots
7382:5334418
7359:1502711
7346:1042751
7333:37635-1
7294:3171742
7169:Mimulus
6995:2710183
6897:Mimulus
6829:Mimulus
6796:557β558
6628:2444881
6584:4072524
6534:6227723
6472:4103763
6449:Bibcode
6410:3448862
6353:Mimulus
6313:Mimulus
6271:4350778
6243:Bibcode
6188:Bibcode
6174:Mimulus
6020:Mimulus
5913:: 1β4.
5868:: 1β5.
5823:: 1β5.
5739:1461909
5681:5033005
5628:3492922
5521:4122195
5493:Mimulus
5462:3448862
5434:Mimulus
5410:5033005
5349:MIMULUS
5317:4123743
5262:2710177
5235:Mimulus
5137:Mimulus
5108:Biology
4843:3922836
4816:Mimulus
4705:Mimulus
4664:Simiola
4560:Mimulus
4321:hybrids
4292:mineral
4224:Mimulus
4195:corolla
2283:, syn.
2249:hybrida
764:Species
577:sessile
565:Mimulus
557:Mimulus
544:Mimulus
474:allelic
427:pedicel
387:calyces
379:hirsute
285:annuals
278:Mimulus
266:Mimulus
262:Mimulus
252:Mimulus
247:Mimulus
200:Mimulus
146:Genus:
126:Order:
68:Plantae
7395:ERYTH4
7390:PLANTS
7366:NZOR:
7320:319976
7281:112149
7255:240576
7116:
7043:
6992:
6984:
6941:
6802:
6698:
6626:
6591:
6581:
6532:
6524:
6479:
6469:
6416:
6408:
6367:
6337:
6296:
6269:
6261:
6235:Nature
6218:
6208:
6122:
6101:sect.
6077:
5917:
5896:sect.
5872:
5827:
5776:25 Feb
5746:
5736:
5688:
5678:
5635:
5625:
5527:
5519:
5497:Phryma
5476:
5468:
5460:
5417:
5407:
5368:
5323:
5315:
5269:
5259:
5216:
5208:
5200:
5159:
5115:
5062:
4850:
4840:
4795:
4762:
4739:
4731:
4683:
4662:sect.
4634:
4613:Sect.
4536:
4528:
4489:
4481:
4238:, and
4236:thrips
4222:, and
4100:, and
4066:, and
4022:pollen
4018:nectar
4007:Bombus
3819:sect.
3751:sect.
3729:Exigua
3727:sect.
3703:sect.
3679:sect.
3633:sect.
3599:sect.
3413:sect.
3361:sect.
3134:sect.
3017:sect.
2403:sect.
1743:(Asia)
756:, and
724:, and
699:, and
613:Phryma
597:, and
561:et al.
451:anthos
406:raceme
352:larvae
254:sect.
235:family
218:, the
202:sect.
7431:26886
7341:IRMNG
7307:29316
7268:63447
6982:JSTOR
6767:(PDF)
6684:(PDF)
6624:JSTOR
6530:S2CID
6406:JSTOR
6365:JSTOR
6294:JSTOR
6267:S2CID
6211:18386
6146:(PDF)
6108:(PDF)
6063:(PDF)
5970:mlive
5943:(PDF)
5903:(PDF)
5858:(PDF)
5813:(PDF)
5770:(PDF)
5570:(PDF)
5517:JSTOR
5474:S2CID
5458:JSTOR
5354:(PDF)
5313:JSTOR
5214:S2CID
5198:JSTOR
5084:(PDF)
4669:(PDF)
4620:(PDF)
4565:(PDF)
4534:S2CID
4510:Taxon
4487:S2CID
4453:Taxon
4284:rusts
4268:and
4013:Osmia
2963:lutea
2961:var.
2904:var.
504:woody
502:with
466:mimos
462:mimus
459:Latin
410:calyx
344:musky
231:genus
228:plant
114:Clade
101:Clade
88:Clade
75:Clade
7403:POWO
7354:NCBI
7328:IPNI
7302:GRIN
7289:GBIF
7250:APNI
7183:2017
7153:2017
7127:2013
7114:ISBN
7069:2017
7041:ISBN
7022:2017
6939:ISBN
6914:2017
6839:2017
6800:ISBN
6775:2017
6749:2017
6727:2017
6696:ISSN
6650:and
6589:PMID
6553:and
6522:PMID
6477:PMID
6414:PMID
6335:PMID
6259:PMID
6216:PMID
6154:2017
6120:ISSN
6075:ISSN
5951:2017
5915:ISSN
5870:ISSN
5825:ISSN
5778:2017
5744:PMID
5686:PMID
5633:PMID
5578:30β2
5552:2017
5525:PMID
5466:PMID
5415:PMID
5366:ISSN
5321:PMID
5267:PMID
5206:PMID
5157:PMID
5113:ISBN
5092:2017
5060:ISBN
5041:2017
5015:2017
4989:2017
4958:2017
4932:2017
4905:2017
4874:2017
4848:PMID
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