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68:, have also been used. First, the stave is shaped by stone or iron tools, often to a broad shape up to some 5cm wide to help the material to withstand compression. If made from antler or bone, which are stiff and brittle, the stave might be made of several pieces to allow it to bend. The stave could be straight, reflexed, or deflexed.
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one of these arrows the shaft could drop out, leaving the barbed head in the wound, and the deer would go off, "sleep one night, and then die." "Geese, gulls, and other large fowls were shot with arrows that had long, five-sided heads of walrus ivory, not very sharp and barbed on one edge..." Those used for hunting
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Arrows used for hunting larger game in traditional Inuit culture are barbed, often with detachable heads. "For hunting the reindeer the arrow had a long, sharp, bayonet-shaped head made of antler, barbed on one edge and fitted loosely into the shaft. As the
Eskimos told us, when they hit a deer with
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has been used to attach sinew to the backs of bows, but this is not practical for use in the Arctic because animal glue gels almost instantly in freezing air. Additionally, Arctic material culture traditionally often lacked both the fuel supplies and the vessels that are needed for prolonged boiling
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were noted. "The bow was carried, strung ready for use, in a sheath of tanned sealskin slung across the shoulders in such a way that it could easily be drawn out under the right arm. Nowadays they carry their rifles in similar sheaths. Attached to the sheath was a quiver, also of sealskin, in which
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Blunt arrowheads can be used for hunting small game. "Such an arrow kills a small bird or little animal like a lemming or ground squirrel by stunning it, and does not tear a great hole in it. The boys' arrows nowadays are often headed with empty copper cartridge cases, and I have seen one of these
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were red, attached loosely to the barb with a long red cord. The hunter would shoot and then chase the sea otter, which would be hampered in swimming by the trailing arrow shaft. The hunter would be able to see the shaft's bright color and locate the sea otter, exhausted from the chase.
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The mechanical properties of sinew-backed bows change with changes in humidity, so the bows need frequent adjustment by the archer. The adjustment of tension is done by twisting the backing cables, using short rods of ivory, wood, or bone inserted through the cables.
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The cable backed bow, showing the bow (a) bearing the tensioned cable (b) along the face of it, attached by bindings (c). Finally, the bow strung with the main string (d).
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Spruce wood is nearly inelastic in compression, but usually the best available material for the belly of the bow. Driftwood, antler from caribou, or musk ox
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One sealskin case protects the bow and arrows against moisture, but also has ivory implements to twist, tighten and adjust the bow and cable if needed.
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The
Penobscot War Bow. Gordon M Day. Contributions to Canadian Ethnology 1975. Canadian Ethnology Service Paper no. 31. ISSN 0316-1854. Ottawa 1975.
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bow, invented by Frank Loring (Chief Big
Thunder) about 1900. It consists of a small bow attached by cables on the back of a larger main bow.
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to make animal glue.) Knotted cables can also be raised from the back of the bowstave by spacers, making the bow lighter and more efficient.
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Grayson, Charles E. 2007. Traditional
Archery from Six Continents. The Charles E. Grayson Collection. University of Missouri Press.
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sinews twisted into cables, and attached to the bowstave and to each other by knotting. (In more temperate climates,
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303:. : , 1970. Notes: Reproduced from the Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, 1884.
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they used to keep an assortment of arrows, some of each kind, according to the hunter's needs."
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213:. Lufkin, TX: Steve Hulsey, 1990. Volume 12 (5). ISSN: 1089-4268. Pages 25-26.
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timbers used to make bows in temperate and tropical parts of the world. Using
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An
Archaeological Reconstruction of Saqqaq Bows, Darts, Harpoons, and Lances
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In the late 19th century, sealskin cases to protect the bows and sealskin
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Traditional archery from six continents the
Charles E. Grayson Collection
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have also made such bows. A distinct variant of cable-backed bow is the
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for the belly, however, they build very effective weapons. When hunting
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Varieties of cable-backed bow have been made by non-Inuit cultures.
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Hamilton, T. M. 1970. "The Eskimo Bow and the
Asiatic Composite".
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Replicating Eskimo Bow
Technology – Is close enough good enough?
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Grayson, Charles E., Mary French, and
Michael J. O'Brien.
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A Study of the Eskimo Bows in the U.S. National Museum
319:. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1916.
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Eskimo hunter and polar bear slain with bow and arrow
317:Harpoons and Darts in the Stefánsson Collection
309:Harpons paléo-esquimaux de la région d'Igloulik
282:. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2007.
120:shot clean through the body of a small bird."
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289:". Études/Inuit/Studies. 36, no. 1: 23–48.
400:Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2011.
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209:Wrightwell, Noah. 2004. "Hunt or Die."
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362:The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 4
349:The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 3
336:The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 2
323:The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 1
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79:The back of the bow is then made of
75:Inuit archery equipment and harpoons
396:Fadala, Sam. Traditional Archery.
222:Peabody Museum of Natural History.
178:Peabody Museum of Natural History.
28:cords for the back of the bow, and
434:Indigenous weapons of the Americas
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419:Archery in the United States
263:. Volume 51. September 1897.
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393:. 1991. Volume 4 - Page 35
306:Stordeur-Yedid, Danielle.
364:. 2008 The Lyons Press.
351:. 1994 The Lyons Press.
338:. 1992 The Lyons Press.
325:. 1992 The Lyons Press.
285:Grønnow, Bjarne. 2012. "
391:American Indian Archery
224:Anthropology Department
180:Anthropology Department
169:; 082626610X. Page 179.
255:Eskimo Bows and Arrows
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20:hunters lack the more
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312:. : A.D.P.F., 1980.
294:Arctic Anthropology
296:. 6, no. 2: 43–52.
198:TradArchers' World
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414:Archery in Canada
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196:Quidort, Darryl.
44:Cable-backed bows
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315:Wissler, Clark.
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16:Traditional
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85:animal glue
38:polar bears
408:Categories
226:. Catalog.
182:. Catalog.
149:References
126:sea otters
32:timber or
105:Penobscot
109:Wabenaki
142:quivers
133:Quivers
107:bow or
97:Tlingit
81:caribou
22:elastic
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115:Arrows
34:antler
30:spruce
26:sinew
18:Inuit
366:ISBN
353:ISBN
340:ISBN
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163:ISBN
99:and
66:horn
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