399:
JAK/STAT pathway. The JAK2 protein controls the production of blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells which are located in the bone marrow and can eventually become platelets, red blood cells or white blood cells. Specifically in ET, a JAK2 mutation is acquired rather than inherited. The most common JAK2 mutation is V617F which is the replacement of a valine amino acid with phenylalanine amino acid at the 617 position, hence the name V617F. This mutation results in the JAK2 protein constantly being turned on, which leads to the overproduction of abnormal blood cells, in ET it is platelets or megakaryocytes. There is also another JAK2 mutation found in exon 12, however much less common.
403:
amino acid domain, a proline rich P-domain, and a carboxyl domain. All of these parts facilitate the function of CALR. CALR mutation is caused by insertions or deletions of amino acids in exon 9 that cause a reading shift, which then leads to the formation of a novel C terminus. There are two common types of CALR mutations, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 mutations are a 52-bp deletion and type 2 mutations are a 5-bp insertion. In type 1 mutations, the negativle charged amino acids in the CALR C terminus are completely eliminated, and in the type 2 mutations, roughly half are eliminated. There are other mutations involving CALR, however these two are the most common.
82:
51:
1077:
Klampfl T, Gisslinger H, Harutyunyan AS, Nivarthi H, Rumi E, Milosevic JD, Them NC, Berg T, Gisslinger B, Pietra D, Chen D, Vladimer GI, Bagienski K, Milanesi C, Casetti IC, Sant'Antonio E, Ferretti V, Elena C, Schischlik F, Cleary C, Six M, Schalling M, Schönegger A, Bock C, Malcovati L, Pascutto C,
402:
There is also a small number of people who have a different mutation called CALR, which is abbreviated from calreticulin. CALR is a protein found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Its purpose is to maintain calcium homeostasis and control protein folding. There are three parts to CALR including an
1027:
Nangalia J, Massie CE, Baxter EJ, Nice FL, Gundem G, Wedge DC, Avezov E, Li J, Kollmann K, Kent DG, Aziz A, Godfrey AL, Hinton J, Martincorena I, Van Loo P, Jones AV, Guglielmelli P, Tarpey P, Harding HP, Fitzpatrick JD, Goudie CT, Ortmann CA, Loughran SJ, Raine K, Jones DR, Butler AP, Teague JW,
576:
Essential thrombocythemia is sometimes described as a slowly progressive disorder with long asymptomatic periods punctuated by thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. However, well-documented medical regimens can reduce and control the number of platelets, which reduces the risk of these thrombotic or
406:
Lastly, the least common mutation found in patients with ET are MPL mutations. The MPL gene is responsible for making thrombopoeitin receptor proteins which promote the growth and division of cells. This receptor protein is vital in producing platelets. There are various MPL mutations, but most
398:
There are three known genetic mutations that cause ET. The most common genetic mutation is a JAK2 mutation. Roughly 50% of the population of ET patients have this mutation. The JAK 2 gene signals a protein that promotes the growth of cells. The protein is part of a signaling pathway called the
563:
The PT1 study compared hydroxyurea plus aspirin to anagrelide plus aspirin as initial therapy for ET. Hydroxyurea treated patients had a lower incidence of arterial thrombosis, lower incidence of severe bleeding and lower incidence of transformation to myelofibrosis, but the risk of venous
559:
can lower the platelet count. Low-dose aspirin is used to reduce the risk of blood clot formation unless the platelet count is very high, where there is a risk of bleeding from the disease, and hence this measure would be counter-productive as aspirin-use increases the risk of bleeding.
1028:
O'Meara S, McLaren S, Bianchi M, Silber Y, Dimitropoulou D, Bloxham D, Mudie L, Maddison M, Robinson B, Keohane C, Maclean C, Hill K, Orchard K, Tauro S, Du MQ, Greaves M, Bowen D, Huntly BJ, Harrison CN, Cross NC, Ron D, Vannucchi AM, Papaemmanuil E, Campbell PJ, Green AR (Dec 2013).
519:
Not all those affected will require treatment at presentation. Patients are usually designated as having a low or high risk of bleeding or developing blood clots based on their age, medical history, blood counts and their lifestyles. Low risk individuals are usually treated with
337:. Platelets derived from the abnormal megakaryocytes are activated, which, along with the elevated platelet count, contributes to the likelihood of forming blood clots. The increased possibility of bleeding when the platelet count is over 1 million is due to
415:
The following revised diagnostic criteria for essential thrombocythemia were proposed in 2005. The diagnosis requires the presence of both A criteria together with B3 to B6, or of criterion A1 together with B1 to B6. The criteria are as follows:
1675:
1656:
898:
Tefferi, A (March 2011). "Annual
Clinical Updates in Hematological Malignancies: a continuing medical education series: polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: 2011 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management".
577:
hemorrhagic events. The lifespan of a well-controlled ET person is well within the expected range for a person of similar age but without ET. ET is the myeloproliferative neoplasm least likely to progress to acute myeloid leukemia.
564:
thrombosis was higher with hydroxycarbamide than with anagrelide. It is unknown whether the results are applicable to all ET patients. In people with symptomatic ET and extremely high platelet counts (exceeding 1 million),
407:
typical are point mutations that cause amino acid changes. The MPL mutation activates the thrombopoeitin receptor despite the absence of the ligand. This causes the constant proliferation of cells.
3015:
1797:
1690:
2495:
2936:
2646:
1283:
Vardiman, JW; Thiele, J; Arber, DA; Brunning, RD; Borowitz, MJ; Porwit, A; Harris, NL; Le Beau, MM; Hellström-Lindberg, E; Tefferi, A; Bloomfield, CD (July 2009).
942:
Branehog I, Ridell B, Swolin B, Weinfeld A (1975). "Megakaryocyte quantifications in relation to thrombokinetics in primary thrombocythaemia and allied diseases".
2599:
2500:
1790:
2424:
2795:
2505:
1783:
471:
may be present in up to 10% of cases. Patients with the
Philadelphia chromosome have a potential for the development of acute leukemia, especially
2916:
1285:"The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: Rationale and important changes"
1914:
2572:
1209:
984:
Vannucchi, AM (June 2010). "Insights into the pathogenesis and management of thrombosis in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia".
806:
Fu, R; Zhang, L; Yang, R (November 2013). "Paediatric essential thrombocythaemia: clinical and molecular features, diagnosis and treatment".
1501:"The role of thrombocytapheresis in the contemporary management of hyperthrombocytosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: A case-based review"
3081:
2931:
2089:
2072:
1701:
589:
age at onset is 65–70 years and it is more frequent in females than in males. The incidence in children is 0.09/100,000 per year.
2656:
2417:
2151:
2103:
2921:
2832:
2661:
3005:
1870:
2157:
2773:
2634:
2532:
2143:
2131:
2094:
3113:
3048:
2584:
2510:
1964:
1588:
Valera, MC; Parant, O; Vayssiere, C; Arnal, JF; Payrastre, B (October 2011). "Essential thrombocythemia and pregnancy".
621:
175:
3098:
2879:
2815:
2763:
2751:
2522:
2490:
2410:
2284:
1860:
242:
3138:
3010:
2777:
2239:
2084:
1499:
Boddu, Prajwal; Falchi, Lorenzo; Hosing, Chitra; Newberry, Kate; Bose, Prithviraj; Verstovsek, Srdan (2017-07-01).
472:
384:
2716:
2355:
1926:
128:
536:). Currently unapproved but in late-stage clinical trials (NCT04254978) are agents that lower platelets such as
136:
2901:
2867:
2567:
2437:
2325:
2068:
1897:
1712:
492:
462:
191:
179:
2108:
1127:
Prins, Daniel; González Arias, Carlos; Klampfl, Thorsten; Grinfeld, Jacob; Green, Anthony R. (February 2020).
3143:
2594:
2315:
1239:
468:
372:
132:
119:
62:
391:
of the resulting protein, that creates a novel terminal peptide and causes a loss of endoplasmic reticulum
3071:
2857:
2741:
2706:
2624:
2557:
2480:
2229:
2204:
2162:
1452:"Personalized management of essential thrombocythemia-application of recent evidence to clinical practice"
262:
170:
3108:
2224:
2214:
2032:
338:
187:
1284:
3030:
3020:
2926:
1980:
1875:
1865:
298:
290:
289:
at the time of diagnosis, which is usually made after noting an elevated platelet level on a routine
81:
2219:
2209:
2005:
1885:
1679:
628:) may be used. For life-threatening complications, the platelet count can be reduced rapidly using
388:
456:
hematocrit < midpoint of normal range or normal red cell mass in presence of normal iron stores
2975:
2345:
2027:
1832:
1425:
1375:
1315:
1185:
1109:
1009:
924:
831:
729:
641:
306:
302:
90:
1985:
1959:
50:
1556:
3025:
2980:
2889:
2234:
2010:
1919:
1752:
1723:
1605:
1538:
1520:
1481:
1417:
1367:
1307:
1262:
1215:
1205:
1166:
1148:
1101:
1059:
1001:
959:
916:
880:
823:
785:
721:
679:
632:, a procedure that removes platelets from the blood and returns the remainder to the patient.
451:
183:
160:
70:
2060:
2000:
1995:
1855:
1597:
1528:
1512:
1471:
1463:
1409:
1357:
1299:
1254:
1197:
1156:
1140:
1091:
1049:
1041:
993:
951:
908:
870:
862:
815:
775:
713:
629:
597:
565:
548:
525:
270:
202:
2402:
3086:
2340:
2174:
1880:
274:
246:
17:
2015:
552:
529:
305:), fatigue, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, visual disturbances, dizziness,
2365:
2077:
2020:
1902:
1695:
1684:
1533:
1500:
1476:
1451:
1161:
1128:
1054:
1029:
955:
875:
850:
501:
421:
387:. All mutations (insertions or deletions) affected the last exon, generating a reading
368:
334:
148:
58:
1623:
3132:
2681:
2613:
2375:
2197:
2192:
2187:
1944:
1775:
1400:
BirgegĂĄrd, G (July 2013). "Pharmacological management of essential thrombocythemia".
928:
866:
481:
376:
341:(vWF) sequestration by the increased mass of platelets, leaving insufficient vWF for
330:
266:
254:
1429:
1379:
1362:
1345:
1258:
1113:
835:
780:
763:
733:
704:
Fabris, F; Randi, ML (October 2009). "Essential thrombocythemia: past and present".
2996:
2985:
2385:
1827:
1763:
1319:
392:
364:
357:
318:
310:
286:
1516:
1013:
1717:
1601:
1413:
1303:
1201:
1144:
568:
can be used to remove platelets from the blood to reduce the risk of thrombosis.
2965:
2451:
2182:
1990:
1822:
1811:
1747:
613:
612:. Essential thrombocythemia can be linked with a three-fold increase in risk of
537:
258:
673:
293:(CBC). The most common symptoms are bleeding (due to dysfunctional platelets),
2370:
2335:
2310:
1954:
1936:
1728:
1669:
1665:
997:
717:
625:
601:
556:
533:
294:
230:
124:
75:
1524:
1152:
1030:"Somatic CALR mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms with nonmutated JAK2"
2469:
2360:
2305:
1892:
1758:
605:
445:
stainable iron in the bone marrow or normal red cell mean corpuscular volume
250:
210:
111:
103:
44:
Essential thrombocythaemia, essential thrombocytosis, primary thrombocytosis
1609:
1542:
1485:
1421:
1371:
1311:
1266:
1219:
1170:
1105:
1063:
1005:
920:
884:
827:
789:
725:
683:
269:. It is one of the blood cancers wherein the bone marrow produces too many
1096:
1079:
1045:
963:
2954:
2695:
2546:
2274:
2269:
2259:
2118:
1949:
1807:
342:
152:
107:
99:
1648:
1467:
2804:
2730:
2433:
2320:
2279:
609:
521:
486:
no collagen fibrosis and ≤ grade 2 reticulin fibrosis (using 0–4 scale)
314:
95:
912:
819:
2911:
2460:
2445:
2264:
1660:
586:
349:
1590:
European
Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
352:(V617F) is present in 40–50% of cases and is diagnostic if present.
1080:"Somatic mutations of calreticulin in myeloproliferative neoplasms"
2846:
617:
1706:
428:
346:
2406:
1779:
1240:"Management of Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia"
309:, and numbness in the extremities; the most common signs are
3016:
Adult type of generalized eruption of cutaneous mastocytosis
616:. Throughout pregnancy, close monitoring of the mother and
764:"Pathogenesis and management of essential thrombocythemia"
644:
comic strip was diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia.
1129:"Mutant Calreticulin in the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms"
375:-negative patients with essential thrombocythemia and
672:
Ashorobi, Damilola; Gohari, Pouyan (August 6, 2023).
585:
The incidence of ET is 0.6-2.5/100,000 per year, the
1638:
1078:
Superti-Furga G, Cazzola M, Kralovics R (Dec 2013).
3095:
3068:
3061:
3039:
2994:
2962:
2953:
2898:
2876:
2854:
2845:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2760:
2738:
2729:
2703:
2694:
2674:
2643:
2621:
2612:
2581:
2554:
2545:
2519:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2444:
2295:
2252:
2173:
2117:
2059:
2052:
2045:
1973:
1935:
1848:
1841:
1738:
1642:
219:
209:
198:
169:
159:
143:
118:
89:
69:
40:
35:
1190:International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
2937:Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia
678:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
285:Most people with essential thrombocythemia are
2600:Accelerated phase chronic myelogenous leukemia
1184:Guglielmelli, Paola; Calabresi, Laura (2021),
524:, whereas those at high risk are treated with
27:Overproduction of platelets in the bone marrow
2418:
1791:
8:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
65:in a patient with essential thrombocythemia.
500:no cytogenetic abnormalities suggestive of
434:B1. No cause for a reactive thrombocytosis
3065:
2959:
2851:
2809:
2800:
2735:
2700:
2618:
2551:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2425:
2411:
2403:
2056:
2049:
1845:
1798:
1784:
1776:
1639:
855:International Journal of Clinical Practice
205:, plateletpheresis, cytoreductive therapy.
80:
49:
32:
1532:
1475:
1361:
1346:"Management of Essential Thrombocythemia"
1160:
1095:
1053:
874:
779:
851:"Headache in essential thrombocythaemia"
2917:Refractory anemia with excess of blasts
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
979:
977:
975:
973:
699:
697:
695:
693:
653:
640:Jill Kaplan, the female protagonist of
424:> 400 Ă— 10/ÎĽL for at least 2 months.
1278:
1276:
801:
799:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
261:. It may, albeit rarely, develop into
1450:Tefferi, A; Barbui, T (August 2013).
849:Frewin, R; Dowson, A (October 2012).
7:
3082:Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis
1561:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
383:mutations the second most common in
2932:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
1084:The New England Journal of Medicine
1034:The New England Journal of Medicine
442:B2. No evidence of iron deficiency
956:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1975.tb01087.x
241:) is a rare chronic blood cancer (
25:
1402:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
2657:Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
2152:platelet storage pool deficiency
2104:Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
867:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.02986.x
311:increased white blood cell count
2922:Chromosome 5q deletion syndrome
2833:Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
2662:Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
2573:Myeloid dendritic cell leukemia
1363:10.1182/asheducation-2011.1.215
1259:10.1182/asheducation-2005.1.201
986:Internal and Emergency Medicine
781:10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.621
706:Internal and Emergency Medicine
223:0.6-2.5/100,000 cases per year.
3006:Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis
1871:Activated protein C resistance
1238:Campbell PJ, Green AR (2005).
901:American Journal of Hematology
808:British Journal of Haematology
1:
2774:Chronic eosinophilic leukemia
2533:Chronic neutrophilic leukemia
1517:10.1016/j.leukres.2017.03.008
363:In 2013, two groups detected
3114:Biphenotypic acute leukaemia
3049:Xanthelasmoidal mastocytosis
1965:Trousseau sign of malignancy
1602:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.04.040
1414:10.1517/14656566.2013.797408
1304:10.1182/blood-2009-03-209262
1202:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.09.003
1145:10.1097/HS9.0000000000000333
762:Beer, PA; Green, AR (2009).
622:low molecular weight heparin
385:myeloproliferative neoplasms
345:adhesion. A mutation in the
315:reduced red blood cell count
215:Median survival is 18 years.
176:Chronic myelogenous leukemia
2491:Acute myeloblastic leukemia
2285:Nonthrombocytopenic purpura
1861:Antithrombin III deficiency
1557:"Essential Thrombocythemia"
604:are contraindicated during
437:normal inflammatory indices
367:mutations in a majority of
243:myeloproliferative neoplasm
3160:
3011:Erythrodermic mastocytosis
2778:Hypereosinophilic syndrome
2240:Congenital afibrinogenemia
2144:Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
473:acute lymphocytic leukemia
18:Essential thrombocythaemia
2826:Essential thrombocythemia
2356:Gastrointestinal bleeding
2158:Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
1927:Antiphospholipid syndrome
1908:Essential thrombocythemia
1818:
998:10.1007/s11739-009-0319-3
718:10.1007/s11739-009-0284-x
620:is recommended. Low-dose
235:essential thrombocythemia
129:transient ischemic attack
57:
48:
36:Essential thrombocythemia
2438:hematological malignancy
2326:Subconjunctival bleeding
2132:Bernard–Soulier syndrome
2095:Upshaw–Schulman syndrome
2069:Thrombocytopenic purpura
1898:Sticky platelet syndrome
675:Essential Thrombocytosis
497:no significant dysplasia
493:myelodysplastic syndrome
463:chronic myeloid leukemia
192:secondary thrombocytosis
180:myelodysplastic syndrome
2595:Philadelphia chromosome
2316:Intracranial hemorrhage
469:Philadelphia chromosome
245:) characterised by the
133:acute coronary syndrome
2230:Factor XIII deficiency
2210:Hypoprothrombinemia/II
2205:von Willebrand disease
2163:Gray platelet syndrome
333:are more sensitive to
263:acute myeloid leukemia
171:Differential diagnosis
3109:Primary myelofibrosis
3041:Systemic mastocytosis
2986:Systemic mastocytosis
2225:Factor XII deficiency
2215:Factor VII deficiency
2033:Renal vein thrombosis
1344:Cervantes, F (2011).
1196:, Elsevier: 163–178,
1097:10.1056/NEJMoa1311347
1046:10.1056/NEJMoa1312542
491:B6. No evidence of a
393:KDEL retention signal
377:primary myelofibrosis
339:von Willebrand factor
188:primary myelofibrosis
61:image representing a
3031:Solitary mastocytoma
3021:Urticaria pigmentosa
2927:Sideroblastic anemia
1981:Deep vein thrombosis
1876:Protein S deficiency
1866:Protein C deficiency
1624:"The Pajama Diaries"
299:deep vein thrombosis
291:complete blood count
137:Budd-Chiari syndrome
63:bone marrow aspirate
2220:Factor X deficiency
2109:May–Hegglin anomaly
1886:Prothrombin G20210A
1468:10.1038/leu.2013.99
686:– via PubMed.
480:B5. No evidence of
461:B4. No evidence of
450:B3. No evidence of
427:A2. Acquired V617F
356:is a member of the
149:hematopoietic cells
2976:Mast cell leukemia
2868:Erythroleukemia/M6
2752:Acute eosinophilic
2346:Pulmonary hematoma
2253:Signs and symptoms
2028:Pulmonary embolism
1833:Bleeding diathesis
1739:External resources
1186:"The MPL mutation"
944:Scand. J. Haematol
642:The Pajama Diaries
636:In popular culture
303:pulmonary embolism
281:Signs and symptoms
253:(thrombocytes) by
165:Clinical criteria.
147:Overproduction of
3139:Myeloid neoplasia
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3057:
3056:
3026:Mast cell sarcoma
2981:Mast cell sarcoma
2949:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2912:Refractory anemia
2890:Polycythemia vera
2841:
2840:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2725:
2724:
2690:
2689:
2670:
2669:
2608:
2607:
2541:
2540:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2248:
2247:
2235:Dysfibrinogenemia
2119:Platelet function
2041:
2040:
1920:Purpura fulminans
1773:
1772:
1505:Leukemia Research
1211:978-0-323-89939-0
913:10.1002/ajh.21946
820:10.1111/bjh.12530
452:polycythemia vera
227:
226:
184:polycythemia vera
161:Diagnostic method
153:genetic mutations
59:Histopathological
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3151:
3102:
3075:
3066:
3062:Multiple/unknown
3042:
2999:
2969:
2960:
2905:
2883:
2861:
2852:
2819:
2810:
2801:
2767:
2745:
2736:
2717:Acute basophilic
2710:
2701:
2650:
2628:
2619:
2588:
2561:
2552:
2526:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2404:
2061:Thrombocytopenia
2057:
2050:
2006:Lowenberg's sign
1856:Clotting factors
1846:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1777:
1640:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1585:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1536:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1447:
1434:
1433:
1408:(10): 1295–306.
1397:
1384:
1383:
1365:
1341:
1324:
1323:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1244:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1099:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1057:
1040:(25): 2391–405.
1024:
1018:
1017:
981:
968:
967:
939:
933:
932:
895:
889:
888:
878:
846:
840:
839:
803:
794:
793:
783:
759:
738:
737:
701:
688:
687:
669:
630:plateletpheresis
598:Hydroxycarbamide
566:plateletpheresis
549:Hydroxycarbamide
526:hydroxycarbamide
431:mutation present
287:without symptoms
277:, or platelets.
203:Low-dose aspirin
85:
84:
53:
33:
21:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3118:
3096:
3091:
3087:Myeloid sarcoma
3069:
3053:
3040:
3035:
2995:
2990:
2963:
2941:
2899:
2894:
2877:
2872:
2855:
2837:
2813:
2782:
2761:
2756:
2739:
2721:
2704:
2686:
2666:
2644:
2639:
2622:
2604:
2582:
2577:
2555:
2537:
2520:
2515:
2478:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2401:
2392:
2341:Hemopericardium
2291:
2244:
2175:Clotting factor
2169:
2113:
2037:
1986:Bancroft's sign
1969:
1960:Virchow's triad
1931:
1881:Factor V Leiden
1837:
1814:
1804:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1734:
1733:
1651:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1587:
1586:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1449:
1448:
1437:
1399:
1398:
1387:
1343:
1342:
1327:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1222:
1212:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1090:(25): 2379–90.
1076:
1075:
1071:
1026:
1025:
1021:
983:
982:
971:
941:
940:
936:
897:
896:
892:
861:(10): 976–983.
848:
847:
843:
805:
804:
797:
761:
760:
741:
703:
702:
691:
671:
670:
655:
650:
638:
595:
583:
574:
546:
517:
512:
413:
327:
319:enlarged spleen
283:
275:red blood cells
79:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3157:
3155:
3147:
3146:
3144:Coagulopathies
3141:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2807:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2442:
2441:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2366:Hemoperitoneum
2363:
2358:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2179:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2123:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2078:Evans syndrome
2065:
2063:
2054:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2011:Peabody's sign
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1903:Thrombocytosis
1900:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1852:
1850:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1755:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1720:
1709:
1698:
1687:
1672:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:Classification
1636:
1635:External links
1633:
1630:
1629:
1615:
1573:
1548:
1491:
1462:(8): 1617–20.
1435:
1385:
1325:
1272:
1230:
1210:
1176:
1119:
1069:
1019:
969:
934:
907:(3): 292–301.
890:
841:
814:(3): 295–302.
795:
739:
689:
652:
651:
649:
646:
637:
634:
594:
591:
582:
579:
573:
570:
545:
542:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
506:
505:
504:
502:myelodysplasia
498:
489:
488:
487:
478:
477:
476:
459:
458:
457:
448:
447:
446:
440:
439:
438:
432:
425:
422:Platelet count
412:
409:
379:, which makes
335:growth factors
331:megakaryocytes
326:
323:
282:
279:
255:megakaryocytes
247:overproduction
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
213:
207:
206:
200:
196:
195:
173:
167:
166:
163:
157:
156:
145:
141:
140:
122:
116:
115:
93:
87:
86:
73:
67:
66:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3156:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2682:Histiocytosis
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2614:Myelomonocyte
2611:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2376:Hematosalpinx
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Louvel's sign
1999:
1997:
1996:Lisker's sign
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:Thrombophilia
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1806:Disorders of
1801:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1298:(5): 937–51.
1297:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1231:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
992:(3): 177–84.
991:
987:
980:
978:
976:
974:
970:
965:
961:
957:
953:
950:(5): 321–32.
949:
945:
938:
935:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
894:
891:
886:
882:
877:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
845:
842:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
802:
800:
796:
791:
787:
782:
777:
773:
769:
765:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
740:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
700:
698:
696:
694:
690:
685:
681:
677:
676:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
654:
647:
645:
643:
635:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
592:
590:
588:
580:
578:
571:
569:
567:
561:
558:
554:
550:
543:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
514:
509:
503:
499:
496:
495:
494:
490:
485:
484:
483:
482:myelofibrosis
479:
474:
470:
466:
465:
464:
460:
455:
454:
453:
449:
444:
443:
441:
436:
435:
433:
430:
426:
423:
419:
418:
417:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
324:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
280:
278:
276:
272:
268:
267:myelofibrosis
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
222:
218:
214:
212:
208:
204:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:
172:
168:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:
121:
120:Complications
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
94:
92:
88:
83:
77:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
3097:
3070:
2997:Mastocytosis
2964:
2900:
2878:
2856:
2825:
2814:
2762:
2740:
2705:
2645:
2623:
2583:
2556:
2521:
2479:
2452:granulocytes
2386:Hemarthrosis
2150:
2138:
2126:
2016:Pratt's sign
1907:
1828:coagulopathy
1757:
1746:
1722:
1711:
1700:
1689:
1674:
1655:
1618:
1596:(2): 141–7.
1593:
1589:
1564:. Retrieved
1560:
1551:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1459:
1455:
1405:
1401:
1353:
1349:
1295:
1291:
1250:
1246:
1233:
1223:, retrieved
1193:
1189:
1179:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1087:
1083:
1072:
1037:
1033:
1022:
989:
985:
947:
943:
937:
904:
900:
893:
858:
854:
844:
811:
807:
771:
767:
712:(5): 381–8.
709:
705:
674:
639:
596:
584:
581:Epidemiology
575:
562:
553:interferon-α
547:
530:interferon-α
518:
414:
405:
401:
397:
380:
365:calreticulin
362:
358:Janus kinase
353:
328:
284:
238:
234:
228:
2966:Mastocytoma
2139:aggregation
2021:Rose's sign
1991:Homans sign
1823:Coagulation
1748:MedlinePlus
1139:(1): e333.
774:: 621–628.
614:miscarriage
538:bomedemstat
515:Indications
389:frame shift
295:blood clots
259:bone marrow
41:Other names
3133:Categories
2450:and other
2371:Hematocele
2336:Hemothorax
2311:Hemoptysis
2183:Hemophilia
1955:Thrombosis
1724:DiseasesDB
1356:: 215–21.
1350:Hematology
1247:Hematology
1225:2024-05-07
1133:HemaSphere
768:Hematology
648:References
626:enoxaparin
602:anagrelide
557:anagrelide
534:anagrelide
371:-negative/
231:hematology
125:Thrombosis
76:Hematology
2470:Myelocyte
2436:-related
2361:Hemobilia
2306:Epistaxis
1893:Platelets
1759:eMedicine
1525:0145-2126
1511:: 14–22.
1253:: 201–8.
1153:2572-9241
929:205293800
606:pregnancy
593:Pregnancy
572:Prognosis
510:Treatment
411:Diagnosis
317:, and an
251:platelets
220:Frequency
211:Prognosis
199:Treatment
112:dizziness
104:migraines
71:Specialty
2955:CFU-Mast
2696:CFU-Baso
2547:Monocyte
2352:abdomen
2275:Petechia
2270:Hematoma
2260:Bleeding
2127:adhesion
2053:By cause
2046:Bleeding
1950:Thrombus
1849:By cause
1842:Clotting
1812:clotting
1808:bleeding
1764:med/2266
1610:21640467
1543:28380402
1486:23558521
1456:Leukemia
1430:11357000
1422:23668666
1380:18862829
1372:22160037
1312:19357394
1267:16304381
1220:34756243
1171:32382708
1114:14787432
1106:24325356
1064:24325359
1006:19789961
921:21351120
885:22889110
836:10880402
828:24032343
790:20008247
734:43185338
726:19636672
684:30969531
467:But the
360:family.
343:platelet
307:fainting
108:headache
100:insomnia
91:Symptoms
2805:CFU-Meg
2731:CFU-Eos
2568:AMoL/M5
2434:Myeloid
2321:Hyphema
2296:By site
2280:Purpura
1974:By site
1718:D013920
1696:M9962/3
1566:22 July
1534:5466892
1477:3740400
1320:3101472
1162:7000472
1055:3966280
964:1060175
876:3469735
610:nursing
522:aspirin
329:In ET,
297:(e.g.,
257:in the
96:Fatigue
2511:APL/M3
2461:CFU-GM
2446:CFU-GM
2382:joint
2332:torso
2265:Bruise
2188:A/VIII
1753:000543
1707:187950
1685:238.71
1608:
1541:
1531:
1523:
1484:
1474:
1428:
1420:
1378:
1370:
1318:
1310:
1265:
1218:
1208:
1169:
1159:
1151:
1112:
1104:
1062:
1052:
1014:510829
1012:
1004:
962:
927:
919:
883:
873:
834:
826:
788:
732:
724:
682:
624:(e.g.
587:median
544:Agents
350:kinase
144:Causes
110:, and
78:
2847:CFU-E
2675:Other
2647:MD-MP
2302:head
1937:Clots
1691:ICD-O
1670:D47.3
1666:D75.2
1426:S2CID
1376:S2CID
1316:S2CID
1292:Blood
1288:(PDF)
1243:(PDF)
1110:S2CID
1010:S2CID
925:S2CID
832:S2CID
730:S2CID
618:fetus
325:Cause
271:white
2198:C/XI
2193:B/IX
1810:and
1729:4522
1713:MeSH
1702:OMIM
1680:9-CM
1606:PMID
1568:2021
1539:PMID
1521:ISSN
1482:PMID
1418:PMID
1368:PMID
1354:2011
1308:PMID
1263:PMID
1251:2005
1216:PMID
1206:ISBN
1167:PMID
1149:ISSN
1102:PMID
1060:PMID
1002:PMID
960:PMID
917:PMID
881:PMID
824:PMID
786:PMID
772:2009
722:PMID
680:PMID
608:and
600:and
555:and
429:JAK2
420:A1.
381:CALR
369:JAK2
354:JAK2
347:JAK2
3072:AML
2858:AML
2796:MEP
2742:AML
2707:AML
2625:AML
2585:CML
2558:AML
2481:AML
2090:TTP
2073:ITP
1915:DIC
1676:ICD
1657:ICD
1598:doi
1594:158
1529:PMC
1513:doi
1472:PMC
1464:doi
1410:doi
1358:doi
1300:doi
1296:114
1255:doi
1198:doi
1194:365
1157:PMC
1141:doi
1092:doi
1088:369
1050:PMC
1042:doi
1038:369
994:doi
952:doi
909:doi
871:PMC
863:doi
816:doi
812:163
776:doi
714:doi
532:or
373:MPL
301:or
273:or
265:or
249:of
229:In
3135::
3099:MP
2902:MD
2880:MP
2816:MP
2764:MP
2635:M4
2523:MP
2506:M2
2501:M1
2496:M0
2085:TM
2071::
1762::
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