57:". The F-scale measures responses on several different components of authoritarianism, such as conventionalism, authoritarian aggression, superstition and stereotypy, power and "toughness", destructiveness and cynicism, projectivity, and sex. Scores acquired from the F-scale could be directly associated with background components, educational level, and intellectual capacity. It is an indirect type of test that ensures the result would not be due to the individual's fake responses; this is possible because the purpose of the measurement and which attitude is being measured are initially concealed from the participants. The existence of this correlation could possibly affect the way in which the F-scale accurately measures the authoritarian personality syndrome. The F-scale has two principal purposes: it aims to measure prejudice and anti-democratic tendencies at the personality level.
60:
The purpose of the F-scale is to measure an antidemocratic personality structure, usually defined by authoritarianism. A score of above 80 on the F-scale test indicates that the subject may be suffering from severe psychopathology. Patients who suffer from repeated episodes of disorders usually get
125:
According to data presented by
Baljeet Ahmed Muhammad, a hypothesis was formed proposing that brighter people are capable of penetrating the significance of the F-scale, helping them react in a more "suitable" fashion. Hence, because the F-scale can be faked, it cannot be considered as an indirect
164:
Another criticism of the test is the assumption that users with a high score are unsophisticated and may lack social intelligence. According to Kelman and
Barclay (1963), the experience of the participant is reflected on the test score; i.e., they may not be able to see the obvious pattern and
302:
Cukrowicz, Kelly C.; Reardon, Maureen Lyons; Donohue, Keith F.; Joiner, Thomas E. (2004). "MMPI-2 F Scale as a
Predictor of Acute Versus Chronic Disorder Classification".
102:
Projectivity: the disposition to believe that wild and dangerous things go on in the world; the projection outwards of unconscious emotional impulses
202:
150:
61:
a higher F-scale score than those who have acute disorders. Research has not found any correlation between F-scale scores and educational level.
142:
The scale has attracted a great deal of criticism, since it is ideological and associates societal processes with personality characteristics.
407:
127:
149:
response styles due to being worded so that agreement always indicated an authoritarian response. A number of related scales such as the
174:
109:
F-scale tests measure not only the subject's overall level of stress but also their willingness to cooperate in the testing process.
131:
180:
158:
347:
Scarr, Sandra; Weinberg, Richard A. (1983). "The
Minnesota Adoption Studies: Genetic Differences and Malleability".
458:
50:
92:
Anti-intraception: "rejection of all inwardness, of the subjective, the imaginative, the tender-minded, and of
31:
210:
74:
Authoritarian aggression: punishing and condemning individuals who don't adhere to conventional values
304:
364:
329:
227:
Kelman, Herbert C.; Barclay, Janet (1963). "The F scale as a measure of breadth of perspective".
153:
and the
Balanced F-scale have been created in an attempt to fix the shortcomings of the F-scale.
403:
372:
321:
284:
244:
86:
54:
46:
463:
395:
356:
313:
276:
236:
71:
Authoritarian submission: a passive notion towards adhering to conventional norms and values
68:
Conventionalism: conformity to the traditional societal norms and values of the middle class
42:
17:
93:
452:
399:
154:
333:
117:
Research in the late 1960s focused on police and the detection of authoritarianism.
146:
429:"Pitfalls in Using the F Scale to Measure Authoritarianism in Accounting Research"
99:
Destructiveness and
Cynicism: generalized hostility, vilification of the human
81:
317:
443:
325:
288:
248:
161:
Scale is the most frequently used, contemporary descendant of the F-scale.
145:
Among the criticisms of the F-scale is its sensitivity to respondents with
376:
134:
vocabulary (â0.42) and showed the same pattern of family correlations".
428:
368:
130:
it was found that "the F-scale scores were negatively correlated with
64:
The scale specifically examines the following personality dimensions:
27:
Personality test that measures susceptibility to authoritarian systems
280:
240:
360:
203:"America's Ruling Class -- And the Perils of Revolution"
165:
motives recurring in the test and be ignorant of it.
444:
The F-scale instrument in an online interactive form
267:
Cohn, Thomas S. (1952). "Is the F scale indirect?".
105:Sex: exaggerated concern with sexual "goings-on"
269:The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
229:The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
8:
427:Gul, Ferdinand A.; Ray, John J. (1989).
262:
260:
258:
193:
222:
220:
7:
151:WilsonâPatterson Conservatism Scale
392:Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology
175:California Psychological Inventory
25:
433:Behavioral Research in Accounting
121:Doubt about its indirect measure
400:10.1016/B0-12-657410-3/00028-3
126:measure. In the course of the
1:
390:Spielberger, Charles (2004).
201:Codevilla, Angelo M. (2010).
181:The Authoritarian Personality
159:Right-wing authoritarianism
49:and others to measure the "
480:
29:
51:authoritarian personality
318:10.1177/1073191104264961
128:Minnesota Adoption Study
18:F-scale personality test
53:". The "F" stands for "
207:The American Spectator
45:, designed by German
30:For other uses, see
77:Religion and Ethics
394:. pp. 251â5.
39:California F-scale
459:Personality tests
409:978-0-12-657410-4
349:Child Development
80:Superstition and
47:Theodor W. Adorno
16:(Redirected from
471:
440:
414:
413:
387:
381:
380:
344:
338:
337:
299:
293:
292:
281:10.1037/h0062297
264:
253:
252:
241:10.1037/h0048738
224:
215:
214:
209:. Archived from
198:
43:personality test
21:
479:
478:
474:
473:
472:
470:
469:
468:
449:
448:
426:
423:
421:Further reading
418:
417:
410:
389:
388:
384:
361:10.2307/1129689
346:
345:
341:
301:
300:
296:
266:
265:
256:
226:
225:
218:
200:
199:
195:
190:
171:
140:
123:
115:
89:and "Toughness"
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
477:
475:
467:
466:
461:
451:
450:
447:
446:
441:
422:
419:
416:
415:
408:
382:
355:(2): 260â267.
339:
294:
254:
216:
213:on 2012-12-07.
192:
191:
189:
186:
185:
184:
177:
170:
167:
139:
136:
122:
119:
114:
113:Early research
111:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:self-criticism
90:
84:
78:
75:
72:
69:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
476:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
454:
445:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
424:
420:
411:
405:
401:
397:
393:
386:
383:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
343:
340:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
312:(2): 145â51.
311:
307:
306:
298:
295:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
263:
261:
259:
255:
250:
246:
242:
238:
235:(6): 608â15.
234:
230:
223:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
197:
194:
187:
183:
182:
178:
176:
173:
172:
168:
166:
162:
160:
156:
155:Bob Altemeyer
152:
148:
143:
137:
135:
133:
129:
120:
118:
112:
110:
104:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
85:
83:
79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
65:
62:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
436:
432:
391:
385:
352:
348:
342:
309:
303:
297:
272:
268:
232:
228:
211:the original
206:
196:
179:
163:
144:
141:
124:
116:
108:
63:
59:
38:
36:
147:acquiescent
453:Categories
305:Assessment
275:(3): 732.
188:References
82:Stereotypy
41:is a 1947
439:: 182â92.
138:Criticism
334:39247232
326:15171462
289:12980781
249:14084770
169:See also
464:Fascism
377:6872626
369:1129689
55:fascist
32:F scale
406:
375:
367:
332:
324:
287:
247:
365:JSTOR
330:S2CID
87:Power
404:ISBN
373:PMID
322:PMID
285:PMID
245:PMID
132:WAIS
37:The
396:doi
357:doi
314:doi
277:doi
237:doi
157:'s
455::
435:.
431:.
402:.
371:.
363:.
353:54
351:.
328:.
320:.
310:11
308:.
283:.
273:47
271:.
257:^
243:.
233:67
231:.
219:^
205:.
437:1
412:.
398::
379:.
359::
336:.
316::
291:.
279::
251:.
239::
96:"
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.