25:
359:
may be used to infer relationships between asexually reproducing fungi and their sexually reproducing counterparts. With these methods, many asexually reproducing fungi have now been placed in the tree of life. However, because phylogenetic methods require sufficient quantities of biological
376:. The taxon names are sometimes used informally. In particular, the term 'hyphomycetes' is often used to refer to molds, and the term 'coelomycetes' is used to refer to many asexually reproducing plant pathogens that form discrete fruiting bodies.
360:
materials (spores or fresh specimens) that are from pure (i.e., uncontaminated) fungal cultures, for many asexual species their exact relationship with other fungal species has yet to be determined. Under the current system of fungal nomenclature,
214:
has never been observed. They are known as imperfect fungi because only their asexual and vegetative phases are known. They have asexual form of reproduction, meaning that these fungi produce their spores asexually, in the process called
273:
are classified based on characteristics of the fruiting bodies and spores produced during sexual reproduction, and members of the
Deuteromycota have been observed to reproduce only asexually or produce no spores.
922:
364:
names cannot be applied to fungi that lack sexual structures. Classifying and naming asexually reproducing fungi is the subject of ongoing debate in the mycological community.
1102:
919:
945:
844:
2180:
281:
284:(the rules governing the naming of plants and fungi). However, the system of dual nomenclature for fungi was abolished in the 2011 update of the Code.
823:
2219:
869:
238:
are algal fungi. In addition, there are a number of edible imperfect fungi, including the ones that provide the distinctive characteristics of
1026:
799:
1095:
894:
223:
133:
108:
42:
2270:
1143:
1138:
89:
1045:
61:
46:
2224:
1222:
1212:
1195:
1088:
736:
2265:
68:
222:
There are about 25,000 species that have been classified in the deuteromycota and many are basidiomycota or ascomycota
1036:
Seifert, K.A. (1993). "Integrating anamorphic fungi into the fungal system". In
Reynolds, D.R.; Taylor, J.W. (eds.).
943:
848:
207:
280:
formerly used a unique dual system of nomenclature in classifying fungi, which was permitted by
Article 59 of the
75:
35:
972:
619:
269:, many of the fungi it included have yet to find a place in modern fungal classification. This is because most
1795:
57:
2002:
1652:
1610:
1569:
1227:
820:
356:
2260:
2133:
1868:
1602:
1386:
694:
633:
626:
604:
1800:
1770:
1662:
1428:
1747:
1657:
1409:
1396:
1378:
1190:
1119:
1080:
340:
257:, but these are terms without taxonomic rank. Examples are Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Trichoderma etc.
2171:
1888:
1439:
1775:
873:
575:
529:
2035:
1982:
1541:
1404:
671:
487:
413:
303:
2211:
1258:
557:
479:
2012:
1987:
1785:
1737:
1727:
1528:
1467:
1462:
549:
521:
433:
1926:
1434:
770:
402:
319:. When such a teleomorphic stage became known, that name would take priority over the name of an
2088:
2040:
2027:
2007:
1992:
1972:
1921:
1780:
1592:
1564:
1518:
1454:
1207:
1185:
1173:
1148:
650:
505:
203:
154:
1057:"Making the Deuteromycota redundant: a practical integration of mitosporic and meiosporic fungi"
497:
391:
2055:
2050:
2045:
1997:
1848:
1698:
1584:
1510:
1217:
1180:
1168:
1158:
1041:
1022:
797:
664:
657:
609:
344:
293:
249:
Other, more informal names besides
Deuteromycota ("Deuteromycetes") and fungi imperfecti are
231:
82:
1964:
1911:
1853:
1762:
1719:
1690:
1574:
1536:
1444:
1132:
1068:
1014:
1001:
953:
930:
831:
807:
731:
372:
These groups are no longer formally accepted because they do not adhere to the principle of
243:
239:
898:
2093:
2083:
2065:
2017:
1931:
1883:
1873:
1863:
1790:
1752:
1628:
1551:
1419:
1335:
1305:
1300:
1056:
989:
949:
926:
827:
803:
688:
567:
444:
235:
16:
Fungal classification based on asexual characters when sexual reproduction is unidentified
2198:
315:
or fruiting body of the sexual reproductive stage of a fungus), which was already named
2206:
2078:
2073:
1898:
1878:
1858:
1840:
1825:
1810:
1667:
1559:
1500:
1163:
1038:
The Fungal
Holomorph: mitotic, meiotic and pleomorphic speciation in fungal systematics
2185:
756:
2254:
1949:
1916:
1906:
1830:
1643:
1633:
1492:
1268:
677:
352:
287:
Under the former system, a name for an asexually reproducing fungus was considered a
1977:
1742:
1620:
1250:
541:
471:
457:
426:
417:
395:
384:
348:
216:
211:
210:
or morphological characteristics of sexual structures because their sexual form of
140:
2165:
1310:
1111:
699:
612:
513:
379:
Following, a classification of the Fungi imperfecti: Saccardo et al.(1882-1972)
277:
145:
24:
1708:
1481:
361:
308:
227:
2156:
339:
Phylogenetic classification of asexually reproducing fungi now commonly uses
2193:
705:
448:
437:
373:
265:
Although Fungi imperfecti/Deuteromycota is no longer formally accepted as a
323:(which lacks a sexual reproductive stage). Hence the formerly classified
301:
was considered a form taxon. In contrast, isolates of its close relative,
2232:
2150:
1732:
1366:
1357:
1343:
1202:
718:
713:
684:
320:
312:
132:
1954:
1681:
406:
1115:
644:
165:
2237:
2127:
1072:
1005:
270:
266:
199:
757:"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants"
2131:
1084:
291:. For example, the ubiquitous and industrially important mold,
18:
796:
See "Una
Historia Ilustrada del Transplante de Órganos"
983:: 311–320 – via the Iowa Academy of Science, Inc.
643:
are used to improve both the taste and the texture of
2140:
2064:
2026:
1963:
1948:
1897:
1839:
1818:
1809:
1761:
1718:
1707:
1689:
1680:
1642:
1619:
1601:
1583:
1550:
1527:
1509:
1491:
1480:
1453:
1418:
1395:
1377:
1365:
1356:
1334:
1327:
1293:
1267:
1249:
1242:
787:. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York. 1989.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
585:Other systems of classification are reviewed by (
368:Historical classification of the imperfect fungi
759:. International Association for Plant Taxonomy.
202:which do not fit into the commonly established
307:, revealed it to be the anamorphic stage of a
1096:
8:
687:which may control certain species of insect
282:International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
206:classifications of fungi that are based on
2128:
1960:
1815:
1715:
1686:
1488:
1374:
1362:
1331:
1273:
1246:
1103:
1089:
1081:
977:Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
717:spp. are under development for control of
131:
122:
870:"ARS en Espanol : News & Events"
347:constructed from comparative analyses of
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1021:. Vol. 1. Elsevier. pp. 3–18.
990:"How natural should anamorph genera be?"
973:"Classification of the Fungi lmperfecti"
586:
748:
1040:. CAB International. pp. 79–85.
7:
464:Other, according to Dörfelt (1989):
261:Problems in taxonomic classification
47:adding citations to reliable sources
429:spores produced in fruiting bodies
180:
297:, has no known sexual cycle. Thus
14:
1013:Kendrick, B. (2 December 2012) .
327:species would be properly called
226:. Fungi producing the antibiotic
895:"Enzyme Development Corporation"
23:
1015:"The history of conidial fungi"
34:needs additional citations for
1:
737:List of mitosporic Ascomycota
394:(producing spores on simple
1017:. In Cole, Garry T. (ed.).
783:Dörfelt, Heinrich (Hrsg.):
598:Industrially relevant fungi
208:biological species concepts
2287:
1061:Canadian Journal of Botany
994:Canadian Journal of Botany
2114:
1276:
1126:
1019:Biology of Conidial Fungi
847:. Bio-Cat. Archived from
177:
172:
155:Scientific classification
153:
139:
130:
125:
620:Penicillium griseofulvum
387:lacking fruiting bodies
2271:Fungi by classification
2003:Cryptomycocolacomycetes
1796:Sporopachydermiomycetes
1611:Calcarisporiellomycetes
1653:Palaeovesiarbusmycetes
1603:Calcarisporiellomycota
1570:Ramicandelaberomycetes
1387:Neocallimastigomycetes
872:. USDA. Archived from
695:entomopathogenic fungi
634:Penicillium camemberti
627:Penicillium roqueforti
605:Tolypocladium inflatum
335:Phylogeny and taxonomy
2120:(polyphyletic group).
1748:Schizosaccharomycetes
1410:Monoblepharidomycetes
1379:Neocallimastigomycota
785:Lexikon der Mykologie
771:"Fungi - Wikispecies"
447:(producing spores in
436:(producing spores in
416:(producing spores in
405:(producing spores on
357:multigene phylogenies
341:molecular systematics
230:and those that cause
2036:Peribolosporomycetes
1983:Agaricostilbomycetes
1869:Collemopsidiomycetes
1743:Pneumocystidomycetes
1542:Entomophthoromycetes
1405:Hyaloraphidiomycetes
1286:Paramicrosporidiales
1000:(Suppl 1): S747–53.
672:Amorphotheca resinae
304:Aspergillus nidulans
43:improve this article
2266:Fungus common names
2013:Spiculogloeomycetes
1988:Cystobasidiomycetes
1801:Trigonopsidomycetes
1771:Alloascoideomycetes
1728:Archaeorhizomycetes
1663:Archaeosporomycetes
1529:Entomophthoromycota
1468:Blastocladiomycetes
1463:Physodermatomycetes
1429:Caulochytriomycetes
1269:Microsporidiomycota
1067:(Suppl 1): S754–9.
1055:Taylor, JW (1995).
971:Goos, R.D. (1956).
329:Emericella nidulans
317:Emericella nidulans
2089:Bartheletiomycetes
2041:Monilielliomycetes
2028:Ustilaginomycotina
2008:Atractiellomycetes
1993:Microbotryomycetes
1973:Tritirachiomycetes
1922:Laboulbeniomycetes
1658:Paraglomeromycetes
1593:Mortierellomycetes
1565:Dimargaritomycetes
1519:Basidiobolomycetes
1455:Blastocladiomycota
1397:Monoblepharomycota
948:2008-10-06 at the
925:2011-07-07 at the
845:"Bio-Cat Products"
826:2008-09-09 at the
819:See the following
802:2008-03-16 at the
651:Aspergillus oryzae
345:Phylogenetic trees
58:"Fungi imperfecti"
2248:
2247:
2134:Taxon identifiers
2125:
2124:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2056:Exobasidiomycetes
2051:Ustilaginomycetes
2046:Malasseziomycetes
1998:Classiculomycetes
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1889:Xylobotryomycetes
1849:Candelariomycetes
1699:Entorrhizomycetes
1676:
1675:
1585:Mortierellomycota
1511:Basidiobolomycota
1476:
1475:
1440:Sanchytriomycetes
1352:
1351:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1028:978-0-323-13899-4
988:Gams, W. (1995).
665:Aspergillus niger
658:Aspergillus sojae
639:Other species of
610:immunosuppressant
608:→ from which the
299:Aspergillus niger
294:Aspergillus niger
188:
187:
126:Fungi imperfecti
119:
118:
111:
93:
2278:
2241:
2240:
2228:
2227:
2215:
2214:
2202:
2201:
2189:
2188:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2172:Anamorphic fungi
2161:
2160:
2159:
2129:
2118:fungi imperfecti
1965:Pucciniomycotina
1961:
1912:Geoglossomycetes
1854:Coniocybomycetes
1816:
1776:Dipodascomycetes
1763:Saccharomycotina
1720:Taphrinomycotina
1716:
1691:Entorrhizomycota
1687:
1575:Kickxellomycetes
1537:Neozygitomycetes
1489:
1445:Chytridiomycetes
1375:
1363:
1332:
1274:
1247:
1155:
1135:
1118:classification,
1105:
1098:
1091:
1082:
1076:
1051:
1032:
1009:
984:
957:
940:
934:
916:
910:
909:
907:
906:
897:. Archived from
891:
885:
884:
882:
881:
866:
860:
859:
857:
856:
841:
835:
817:
811:
794:
788:
781:
775:
774:
767:
761:
760:
753:
732:Forest pathology
683:→ these produce
576:Sphaeropsidaceae
530:Tuberculariaceae
255:mitosporic fungi
251:anamorphic fungi
244:Camembert cheese
236:yeast infections
192:fungi imperfecti
135:
123:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2236:
2231:
2223:
2218:
2210:
2205:
2197:
2192:
2184:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2136:
2126:
2121:
2098:
2094:Tremellomycetes
2084:Wallemiomycetes
2066:Agaricomycotina
2060:
2022:
2018:Pucciniomycetes
1952:
1936:
1932:Sordariomycetes
1893:
1884:Lecanoromycetes
1874:Dothideomycetes
1864:Arthoniomycetes
1835:
1805:
1791:Saccharomycetes
1757:
1753:Taphrinomycetes
1733:Neolectomycetes
1711:
1703:
1672:
1638:
1629:Endogonomycetes
1615:
1597:
1579:
1552:Kickxellomycota
1546:
1523:
1505:
1484:
1472:
1449:
1420:Chytridiomycota
1414:
1391:
1370:
1348:
1336:Aphelidiomycota
1328:Aphelidiomyceta
1315:
1306:Metchnikovellea
1301:Chytridiopsidea
1289:
1280:Morellosporales
1263:
1238:
1237:
1153:
1131:
1122:
1109:
1079:
1073:10.1139/b95-319
1054:
1048:
1035:
1029:
1012:
1006:10.1139/b95-318
987:
970:
966:
961:
960:
950:Wayback Machine
941:
937:
927:Wayback Machine
917:
913:
904:
902:
893:
892:
888:
879:
877:
868:
867:
863:
854:
852:
843:
842:
838:
828:Wayback Machine
818:
814:
804:Wayback Machine
795:
791:
782:
778:
769:
768:
764:
755:
754:
750:
745:
728:
600:
595:
568:Sphaeropsidales
488:Agonomycetaceae
445:Sphaeropsidales
414:Tuberculariales
370:
337:
263:
196:imperfect fungi
168:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2284:
2282:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2229:
2216:
2203:
2190:
2177:
2162:
2146:
2144:
2142:Deuteromycetes
2138:
2137:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2079:Agaricomycetes
2076:
2074:Dacrymycetales
2070:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1958:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1899:Sordariomyceta
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1879:Eurotiomycetes
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1859:Lichinomycetes
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1841:Dothideomyceta
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1826:Orbiliomycetes
1822:
1820:
1813:
1811:Pezizomycotina
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1668:Glomeromycetes
1665:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1560:Zoopagomycetes
1556:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1501:Olpidiomycetes
1497:
1495:
1486:
1485:(paraphyletic)
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1372:
1371:(paraphyletic)
1360:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:Nucleophagales
1281:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1259:Rozellomycetes
1255:
1253:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1228:Mesomycetozoea
1225:
1220:
1210:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1164:Diaphoretickes
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1085:
1078:
1077:
1052:
1046:
1033:
1027:
1010:
985:
967:
965:
962:
959:
958:
935:
911:
886:
861:
836:
812:
789:
776:
762:
747:
746:
744:
741:
740:
739:
734:
727:
724:
723:
722:
710:
691:
675:
668:
661:
654:
647:
637:
630:
623:
616:
599:
596:
594:
593:Common species
591:
583:
582:
581:
580:
579:
578:
562:
561:
560:
558:Melanconiaceae
536:
535:
534:
533:
532:
524:
516:
508:
492:
491:
490:
480:Agonomycetales
462:
461:
460:lacking spores
454:
453:
452:
441:
423:
422:
421:
410:
399:
369:
366:
336:
333:
262:
259:
232:athlete's foot
186:
185:
175:
174:
170:
169:
164:
162:
158:
157:
151:
150:
137:
136:
128:
127:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2283:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2261:Deuteromycota
2259:
2258:
2256:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2119:
2113:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1950:Basidiomycota
1947:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1917:Leotiomycetes
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:Xylonomycetes
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1831:Pezizomycetes
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1786:Pichiomycetes
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Novakomycetes
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1644:Glomeromycota
1641:
1635:
1634:Mucoromycetes
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1493:Olpidiomycota
1490:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:Microsporidia
1292:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1251:Rozellomycota
1248:
1245:
1243:Rozellomyceta
1241:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:Stramenopiles
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1154:(major groups
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:fungal orders
1117:
1113:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
969:
968:
963:
955:
951:
947:
944:
939:
936:
932:
928:
924:
921:
915:
912:
901:on 2012-03-21
900:
896:
890:
887:
876:on 2008-10-12
875:
871:
865:
862:
851:on 2008-12-04
850:
846:
840:
837:
833:
829:
825:
822:
816:
813:
809:
805:
801:
798:
793:
790:
786:
780:
777:
772:
766:
763:
758:
752:
749:
742:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
725:
720:
716:
715:
711:
708:
707:
702:
701:
696:
692:
690:
686:
682:
680:
679:Lecanicillium
676:
674:
673:
669:
667:
666:
662:
660:
659:
655:
653:
652:
648:
646:
642:
638:
636:
635:
631:
629:
628:
624:
622:
621:
617:
614:
611:
607:
606:
602:
601:
597:
592:
590:
588:
587:Kendrick 1981
577:
574:
573:Form-Familie:
571:
570:
569:
566:
565:Form-Ordnung:
563:
559:
556:
555:Form-Familie:
553:
552:
551:
550:Melanconiales
548:
547:Form-Ordnung:
545:
544:
543:
540:
537:
531:
528:
527:Form-Familie:
525:
523:
522:Stilbellaceae
520:
519:Form-Familie:
517:
515:
512:
511:Form-Familie:
509:
507:
504:
503:Form-Familie:
501:
500:
499:
496:
495:Form-Ordnung:
493:
489:
486:
485:Form-Familie:
483:
482:
481:
478:
477:Form-Ordnung:
475:
474:
473:
470:
467:
466:
465:
459:
455:
450:
446:
442:
439:
435:
434:Melanconiales
431:
430:
428:
424:
419:
415:
411:
408:
404:
400:
397:
396:conidiophores
393:
389:
388:
386:
382:
381:
380:
377:
375:
367:
365:
363:
358:
354:
350:
349:DNA sequences
346:
342:
334:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:
300:
296:
295:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
272:
268:
260:
258:
256:
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
184:
182:
176:
171:
167:
163:
160:
159:
156:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
134:
129:
124:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2141:
2117:
1978:Mixiomycetes
1927:Sareomycetes
1621:Mucoromycota
1435:Coenomycetes
1213:Opisthokonta
1064:
1060:
1037:
1018:
997:
993:
980:
976:
964:Bibliography
938:
914:
903:. Retrieved
899:the original
889:
878:. Retrieved
874:the original
864:
853:. Retrieved
849:the original
839:
815:
792:
784:
779:
765:
751:
712:
704:
698:
697:, including
678:
670:
663:
656:
649:
640:
632:
625:
618:
615:is obtained;
603:
584:
572:
564:
554:
546:
542:Coelomycetes
539:Form-Klasse:
538:
526:
518:
510:
502:
494:
484:
476:
472:Hyphomycetes
469:Form-Klasse:
468:
463:
458:Agonomycetes
427:Coelomycetes
403:Stilbellales
385:Hyphomycetes
378:
371:
338:
328:
324:
316:
302:
298:
292:
288:
286:
276:
264:
254:
250:
248:
221:
217:sporogenesis
212:reproduction
195:
191:
189:
178:
144:
141:Conidiophore
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2166:Wikispecies
1781:Lipomycetes
1712:(sac fungi)
1311:Microsporea
1112:Opisthokont
700:Metarhizium
641:Penicillium
613:ciclosporin
514:Dematiaceae
506:Moniliaceae
418:sporodochia
325:Aspergillus
278:Mycologists
146:Aspergillus
2255:Categories
2116:See also:
1709:Ascomycota
1482:Zygomycota
1116:True fungi
1047:0851988652
905:2008-10-02
880:2008-10-02
855:2008-10-02
743:References
498:Moniliales
392:Moniliales
362:teleomorph
351:, such as
309:teleomorph
289:form taxon
228:penicillin
99:March 2016
69:newspapers
2194:FloraBase
2181:AusLichen
1367:Zoosporic
1344:Aphelidea
1208:Amoebozoa
1186:Alveolata
1174:Cryptista
1149:Eukaryota
918:See this
706:Beauveria
407:synnemata
374:monophyly
240:Roquefort
224:anamorphs
204:taxonomic
161:Kingdom:
2233:MycoBank
2207:Fungorum
2186:30112886
2151:Wikidata
1358:Eumycota
1203:Amorphea
1181:Rhizaria
1169:Hacrobia
1159:Excavata
1144:Bacteria
946:Archived
923:Archived
824:Archived
800:Archived
726:See also
719:Nematode
714:Pochonia
449:pycnidia
438:acervuli
321:anamorph
313:ascocarp
173:Species
2157:Q648056
1955:basidia
1682:Dikarya
1218:Animals
1139:Archaea
954:Spanish
931:Spanish
832:Spanish
808:Spanish
685:conidia
645:cheeses
83:scholar
1953:(with
1196:Plants
1133:Domain
1044:
1025:
721:pests.
693:Other
456:Class
443:Order
432:Order
425:Class
412:Order
401:Order
390:Order
383:Class
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2238:90090
2225:14116
2212:90090
2199:23339
1819:Other
1369:fungi
1223:Fungi
689:pests
355:, or
311:(the
271:fungi
267:taxon
253:, or
200:fungi
181:below
166:Fungi
90:JSTOR
76:books
2220:ITIS
1042:ISBN
1023:ISBN
952:(in
929:(in
920:link
830:(in
821:link
806:(in
709:spp.
703:and
353:rRNA
242:and
234:and
198:are
190:The
179:See
149:sp.
62:news
1069:doi
1002:doi
942:Cf.
681:sp.
589:).
194:or
143:of
45:by
2257::
2235::
2222::
2209::
2196::
2183::
2168::
2153::
1114::
1065:73
1063:.
1059:.
998:73
996:.
992:.
981:63
979:.
975:.
956:).
933:).
834:).
810:).
343:.
331:.
246:.
219:.
183:.
1957:)
1651:†
1433:?
1427:?
1230:)
1104:e
1097:t
1090:v
1075:.
1071::
1050:.
1031:.
1008:.
1004::
908:.
883:.
858:.
773:.
451:)
440:)
420:)
409:)
398:)
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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