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for operation in
Germany, where the main direction of travel on multiple track lines is the opposite from that of Italy. An on-board computer chooses the active controls, giving priority to one or another based on the electric frequency. The cabs are connected by a corridor, and have climate controls, while in the central body of the locomotive all the technical equipment that can be reached easily from the corridor are placed. The whole electric and electronic systems have a self-control system.
873:". The first is a common system with eight self-venting discs on the four axles, automatically regulated. The second one is an advanced electric system that uses the traction motors as generators, recovering some electricity and sending it back to the line. This is a particularly efficient system on mountain lines, and is currently gaining market shares on different locomotives. The brake has different presets, fitted to cargo trains or passenger trains.
886:
22:
698:. The first unit was delivered on 14 April 1997. It successfully passed its initial tests, showing excellent performance and strong reliability. The remaining 19 units in the first batch were delivered shortly after the completion of the test to the Italian railway administration. Another 8 (Polish class EU43, not to be confused with the designation later applied to Polish multisystem
128:
837:
774:
921:
The control console is made up of three different but similar parts, to follow
Italian, Austrian and German laws. Movement controls are duplicated on both the left and right, and monitors for security systems of both Germany and Italy are present. Moreover, on the right side a third monitor is used
827:
The closed-circuit, liquid-cooled converters feed the triphase motors. Every converter gives energy to only one motor on every bogie, to reduce breakdown effects. Two more 450 V 60 Hz converters energize all the secondary devices, including a semiautomatic emergency fire-extinguishing system.
819:
are single-armed Y-shaped, built by the German company Schunk. The two pantographs are different, designed for use on two different electrification systems: one (WBL 85/15, on side B) for the 15 kV alternated, one (WBL 85/3 on side A) for the 3 kV / 1.5 kV continuous. The first can stand 0.8
749:
instead of 2, these locomotives have better adhesion on steep grades and could be easily fitted with multiple traction control. However, those old machines have proven not very reliable, so they have been deemed not suited to the intense use on this line.
876:
There is a third mechanic "station brake", controlled by electrovalve regulated coils. An emergency system enables the driver to totally shut down the machine pressing two big red buttons on the console, cutting off electricity and engaging the brakes.
679:, crowded with cargo and passenger trains and with different electrifications. Before the E.412's were introduced, the route required three locomotive changes. The Italian railroad's goal was for trains to reach Germany without changing locomotives.
933:. An E.412 could serve as master (the locomotive controlled by a human operator), as slave (controlled in remote by another locomotive) or as router (joining a modern 78-wire control connection and an older 18-wire connection).
862:
units, a solution that removes the necessity of a central rotation point. A low traction bar and an auxiliary bar hold the weight: the traction motors are partly placed on these, connected with the
Adtranz bogies.
744:
class locomotives used for passenger service (but better suited for cargo). These machines could have been removed from passenger trains, and refitted as E.645 or E.655 by changing the transmission gears. Having 3
801:. The device was modified to adapt it for use with the different voltages, featuring technical innovations such as the use of a primary multitension converter as a front-end inducer to the filter feeding current.
655:
started an operational plan to organize an integrated rail system with the countries on Italy's northern border, following the
European political-economic unification process. Austria and Germany used different
710:
and the German railway network, but in the end withdrew said order due to lack of financial resources and failure to find a lessor. Those locomotives were afterwards bought by the
Italian company
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In 2004 the class was certified as backup power for malfunctioning locomotives. In 2005 talks began to move the class of locomotives to the passenger division, swapping them with older
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913:
made by thermoforming technology. The chassis is solid and compact, well isolated and responding to the strict standards of comfort needed by the new work laws.
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808:
of nominal power makes these the most powerful electric locomotives in Italy. They are 400 W more powerful than the previous record held by the E.402B.
660:, necessitating the use of a locomotive able to use a variety of electric systems: alternate and direct current, varying from 1,500 to 15,000
929:
operation (with a 78-wire cable). This could allow the locomotive's use with newer locomotives, but is now certified only for use with the
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class (for light commuter trains) is based on E.412, sharing part of their components to reduce building costs and to simplify maintenance.
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The E.412 locomotives have a remote control system made with a UIC TCN-18 cable for use with pilot cars, or for
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The E.412 class was to be used on the longest, steepest and hardest mountain-crossing line, connecting
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E.412.001 was the first
Italian locomotive to be built with the new unified color scheme "XMPR".
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905:. The front of the two control cabs have two characterizing "masks", styled by the designers
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Side view of E.412.018 in Verona. The pantograph lifted is the WBL85/3, over cab "A".
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220 km/h (140 mph) (limited to 200 km/h or 120 mph in
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789:, with an electronic digital traction system based on experience on the
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beams with bent steel foils as coverings, except for the upper part in
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The contract was signed in 1993 with an
Italian-German consortium,
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rails, too, making the E.412s potentially fit for service on most
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locomotives. 28 units from both the groups have been acquired by
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lines. These trials resulted in failure when the deal between
15:
592:, as part of a process of simplifying rail operation between
572:
built for the mountain lines, particularly for the northern
785:
The E.412 has four very powerful three-phase asynchronous
974:"Lokomotywy elektryczne serii E405/E412 kolei włoskich"
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on the bogies is made in two ways: mechanical and "
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3233:Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane electric locomotives
851:hauling a heavy freight train on the Brenner line.
721:In 1998 new trials were made to for service on
608:. The locomotives are qualified for running on
489:2,700 kW (3,600 hp) with 1.5 kV
484:5,500 kW (7,400 hp) with 15 kV
1025:
8:
482:6,000 kW (8,000 hp) with 3 kV
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106:Learn how and when to remove this message
942:The E.412 appears in the computer games
706:(PKP), and they were even tested on the
964:
3238:Railway locomotives introduced in 1997
117:
3248:Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives of Europe
702:locomotives) were ordered in 1996 by
302: in) between axles in each bogie
7:
568:) is a batch of multi-role electric
44:adding citations to reliable sources
3243:Standard gauge locomotives of Italy
14:
978:TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
623:They were initially produced by
126:
20:
3204:Category:Rolling stock of Italy
658:railway electrification systems
286: in) between bogie centers
31:needs additional citations for
858:are fixed to the chassis with
729:and the Logistics division of
714:in 2001 and still have Polish
1:
1042:Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane
635:), but now are built by the
534:20 as model E.412, 8 as EU43
499:227 kN (51,000 lb
411:15 kV 16.7 Hz AC
3264:
3200:
901:and the front shields in
627:(a consortium made up of
511:
457:
177:
134:
125:
3228:Multi-system locomotives
2449:Narrow gauge locomotives
310:19.4 m (63 ft
272:11.4 m (37 ft
980:. R. 19, nr 1-2: 45–48.
769:Engine and transmission
354:4.1 m (13 ft
332:2.85 m (9 ft
288:2.65 m (8 ft
2704:10,6 kV AC Three-Phase
1005:Technical data on EU43
937:Railway computer games
909:and Paolo Pizzoccheri
890:
852:
782:
248:1.1 m (3 ft
2623:3,6 kV AC Three-Phase
888:
842:Rail Traction Company
839:
779:Rail Traction Company
776:
712:Rail Traction Company
704:Polish State Railways
2567:Rechargeable battery
860:Flexicoil suspension
653:Ferrovie dello Stato
651:In the early 1990s,
580:. They are known as
564:class (factory name
40:improve this article
954:as "Brenner E.412".
824:, the second 3 kA.
462:Performance figures
3223:Bo′Bo′ locomotives
1057:Tender locomotives
995:FS E412 @ Trainspo
972:Graff, M. (2012).
903:composite plastics
893:The chassis is in
891:
853:
783:
708:Żmigród test track
669:Verona Porta Nuova
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3209:
3196:
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3141:Train locomotives
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951:Railroad Tycoon 3
945:Railroad Tycoon 2
797:and experimental
616:lines except the
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449:1/3.65 gear ratio
420:Current pickup(s)
394:Electric system/s
173:
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169:1997 – 1998
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2023:Tank locomotives
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677:Brennero/Brenner
550:still in service
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55:"FS Class E.412"
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911:Des.Tech.studio
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618:high-speed rail
531:Number in class
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495:Tractive effort
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3080:Heavy shunters
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1000:Photo gallery
998:
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927:multiple unit
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718:designation.
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587:
583:
579:
576:lines of the
575:
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529:
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519:
514:
510:
498:
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481:
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473:
469:
467:Maximum speed
465:
460:
456:
448:
444:
441:
438:
435:
433:
429:
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423:
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412:
408:
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331:
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309:
305:
271:
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239:
215:1,435 mm
213:
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199:
196: •
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142:
137:
133:
129:
124:
119:
110:
107:
99:
96:November 2023
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2796:
977:
967:
949:
943:
924:
920:
892:
875:
865:
854:
840:Two EU43 by
832:Running gear
826:
815:
812:Power supply
803:
784:
756:The Italian
755:
752:
735:
720:
715:
688:ABB Trazione
686:, headed by
681:
666:
650:
629:ABB Trazione
622:
585:
581:
578:Brenner pass
565:
561:
559:
479:Power output
446:Transmission
440:asynchronous
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1044:locomotives
1040:Classes of
817:Pantographs
804:The 6
696:Vado Ligure
694:, based in
598:Switzerland
570:locomotives
547:Disposition
437:Three-phase
373:Loco weight
3217:Categories
2586:Third rail
959:References
781:paintwork.
777:EU43.005,
727:Trenitalia
641:Bombardier
590:Trenitalia
586:Brennerlok
525:Trenitalia
425:Pantograph
414:1,500 V DC
386:short tons
166:Build date
160:Bombardier
144:Power type
66:newspapers
3202:see also
2584:650 V DC
899:aluminium
764:Technical
539:First run
521:Operators
382:long tons
368: in)
346: in)
324: in)
268:Wheelbase
262: in)
3029:Shunters
2916:25 kV AC
2559:Electric
917:Controls
844:cross a
806:megawatt
639:company
637:Canadian
614:European
399:Catenary
233: in
191:
147:Electric
2735:3 kV DC
881:Chassis
867:Braking
684:Adtranz
647:History
625:Adtranz
620:lines.
606:Germany
602:Austria
582:Brenner
574:Italian
384:; 97.8
363:⁄
341:⁄
319:⁄
297:⁄
281:⁄
257:⁄
228:⁄
158:, then
156:Adtranz
152:Builder
80:scholar
3132:Ne 700
3097:RD.142
3087:Ne 120
2941:Diesel
2827:E.444R
2777:E.402B
2772:E.402A
856:Bogies
799:E.444s
795:E.402s
791:E.632s
747:bogies
673:Munich
610:French
516:Career
402:3,000
380:(87.3
378:tonnes
351:Height
307:Length
203:Bo′Bo′
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
3188:D.461
3183:D.449
3178:D.445
3173:D.443
3168:D.442
3163:D.345
3158:D.343
3153:D.342
3148:D.341
3117:D.147
3112:D.146
3107:D.145
3102:D.143
3092:D.141
2990:R.212
2928:E.492
2923:E.491
2907:E.656
2902:E.655
2897:E.652
2892:E.646
2887:E.645
2882:E.640
2877:E.636
2872:E.633
2867:E.632
2862:E.626
2857:E.625
2852:E.621
2847:E.464
2842:E.454
2837:E.453
2832:E.447
2822:E.444
2817:E.434
2812:E.428
2807:E.424
2802:E.414
2797:E.412
2792:E.405
2787:E.404
2782:E.403
2767:E.400
2762:E.326
2757:E.324
2752:E.323
2747:E.322
2742:E.321
2726:E.570
2721:E.472
2716:E.471
2711:E.470
2695:E.554
2690:E.552
2685:E.551
2680:E.550
2675:E.432
2670:E.431
2665:E.430
2660:E.390
2655:E.380
2650:E.360
2645:E.333
2640:E.332
2635:E.331
2630:E.330
2614:E.620
2609:E.420
2604:E.321
2599:E.320
2594:E.220
2575:E.421
2536:R.600
2531:R.443
2526:R.442
2521:R.441
2516:R.440
2511:R.410
2506:R.402
2501:R.401
2496:R.370
2491:R.310
2486:R.306
2481:R.305
2476:R.302
2471:R.301
2466:R.300
2461:R.202
2456:R.201
1050:Steam
931:E.405
895:steel
849:storm
758:E.464
742:E.656
738:E.646
723:Swiss
700:TRAXX
662:Volts
594:Italy
562:E.412
472:Italy
376:88.7
329:Width
210:Gauge
87:JSTOR
73:books
948:and
846:snow
740:and
716:EU43
690:and
675:via
671:and
631:and
604:and
566:112E
560:The
542:1999
59:news
3127:372
3122:356
3071:255
3066:250
3061:245
3056:236
3051:235
3046:234
3041:225
3036:218
3020:218
3015:216
3010:215
3005:214
3000:213
2995:213
2985:211
2980:210
2975:209
2970:208
2965:208
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