449:
al-Banna's diary gives the date of his reentry to
Baghdad as Wednesday, 10 December 1068. Crowds came to watch and he was "met by the troops, the courtiers, and the leading figures". Vizieral robes of honor were made ready for him on 29 December, and they were bestowed upon him on Wednesday, 31 December. People went to congratulate him the next day. Then on Friday, 2 January 1069, he went on horseback to the Jami al-Mansur in the robes of honor; again, crowds gathered to see him, and in some places they "sprinkled" coins on him.
363:, Fakhr ad-Dawla sought out the position of Abbasid vizier himself. The sources say nothing about why he wanted the position. It may have been because of the prestige - for someone who had spent his career working for minor provincial dynasties, the prospect of working for the caliph in Baghdad may had a special allure. However, working as Abbasid vizier was not a low-risk job – his predecessor
515:
by 27 August Gohar-A'in was threatening to attack the palace unless he complied. At that point, al-Muqtadi had no choice – the
Abbasids lacked a military of their own and were powerless to resist Seljuk interference. Fakhr ad-Dawla apparently resigned (instead of being fired) and al-Muqtadi had him placed under house arrest.
563:(bridal gift), give up his current wives and concubines, and agree to not have sexual relations with any other woman. This was an especially heavy significant burden on the Abbasid caliph, since the Abbasids had been tightly controlling their "reproductive politics", with all their heirs being born to
642:
However, Fakhr ad-Dawla quickly became unpopular as a governor and was replaced by the end of the lunar year (i.e. 478 AH, or 1085-86 CE). Apparently during his short time in office he had taken the
Marwanids' wealth for himself and spent a lot of it. However, by 1089 (482 AH) Fakhr ad-Dawla had been
384:
Whatever his motivation may have been, Fakhr ad-Dawla spent a short "courtship" period sending the caliph gifts and money to sway him. Then a caliphal envoy, al-Kamil Tirad az-Zaynabi, was sent in 1062 to
Mayyafariqin to "surrepetitiously" offer him the vizierate. Fakhr ad-Dawla accompanied the envoy
440:
Ibn Abd ar-Rahim, who was sent a letter to inform him of his selection to the vizierate before someone brought his sordid past to the caliph's attention: he had been part of al-Basasiri's entourage during his rebellion in 1058, and he had taken part in looting the caliph's palace and "attacking" the
514:
to the caliph to demand Fakhr ad-Dawla's removal and to have the Banu Jahir's followers arrested. Gohar-A'in arrived on 23 July and was granted an audience on
Tuesday, 14 August, during which he handed over a letter requesting Fakhr ad-Dawla's removal. Al-Muqtadi initially balked at the demand, but
522:
once he heard of Nizam al-Mulk's plans. He took a circuitrous route through the mountains to avoid running into Gohar-A'in on the way, and he reached
Isfahan on 23 July – the same day that Gohar A'in reached Baghdad. Amid ad-Dawla met with Nizam al-Mulk and the two parties eventually reconciled,
385:
on his journey back, "ostensibly to see him on his way"; when the
Marwanid ruler realized he wasn't going to return, he sent officials to fetch him, but they were unable to get to him before he reached Baghdad. Fakhr ad-Dawla arrived and was "showered with gifts, robes of honor, and the title
448:
Meanwhile, Nur ad-Dawla Dubays had been making "entreaties to the caliph" on Fakhr ad-Dawla's behalf. Eventually, Fakhr ad-Dawla was brought back to serve as vizier. A group of administrative officials went out to meet with him on Sunday, 7 December, in advance of his return to
Baghdad. Ibn
623:
rights (i.e. the right to strike coins, and have the khutbah proclaimed, in his own name as well as Malik-Shah's), and presented him with robes of honor and ceremonial drums. He also assigned troops to Fakhr ad-Dawla and told him to conquer the Diyar Bakr from the
Marwanids.
541:, to negotiate marriage with Malik-Shah's daughter. Malik-Shah was grieving the death of his son Da'ud and did not take part i; the negotiations; rather, Fakhr ad-Dawla went to Nizam al-Mulk. The two worked together this time; they went to the princess's foster mother,
631:. Muslim reasoned that, since the Marwanids had never caused trouble for the Seljuks, but he himself had, then if the Marwanids fell he would likely be next in line. The campaign ended up lasting until 1085 and involved several sieges, including at Mayyafariqin and
468:'s public recantation of his beliefs at the caliphal chancery. This document of retraction is the only one of its kind to survive in full from the middle ages to the present day; the episode marked the ascendancy of traditionalism in Baghdad in the 11th century.
441:
women of the harem. His name was immediately removed from contention. At this point, around mid-late
November, Ibn al-Banna wrote that a rumor had started to go around that al-Qa'im would reinstate Fakhr ad-Dawla as vizier. At some point, another candidate, a
523:
which they sealed with a marriage contract between Nizam al-Mulk's granddaughter and Amid ad-Dawla. Al-Muqtadi did not initially rehire the Banu Jahir and instead kept them under house arrest, but Nizam al-Mulk later intervened and got them rehired.
581:
without requesting official permission; this further aroused al-Muqtadi's suspicions and he retroactively fired them after they had left. He then wrote to the Seljuks, telling them not to employ the Banu Jahir in their administration. In
339:(possibly around 1054). He was vizier for the Marwanid ruler Nasr ad-Dawla; then to his young successor Nizam ad-Din Nasr. He was working for Nizam ad-Din Nasr in 1062 when he was offered the position of vizier to the Abbasid caliph
420:, the dismissal was on Tuesday, 9 September 1068. Fakhr ad-Dawla was "despondent and apologetic" and "acquiesced in tears". He was escorted out of Baghdad on Thursday night (11 September) and ended up traveling to the court of the
431:
The competition to replace Fakhr ad-Dawla as vizier was fierce. Three different candidates were seriously considered, but none of them successfully took office as vizier. The caliph's initial choice was Abu Ya'la, father of
556:
Eventually, Turkan Khatun agreed to the marriage, but with heavy conditions imposed on al-Muqtadi: in return for marrying the Seljuk princess, al-Muqtadi would pay 50,000 dinars plus an additional 100,000 dinars as
569:
s (concubines) and therefore unrelated to any rival dynasties. By agreeing to Turkan Khatun's terms, Fakhr ad-Dawla was putting al-Muqtadi at a severe disadvantage while also benefitting the Seljuks considerably.
456:
with a wide range of duties. Sometime around 1071, there was a "diplomatic fracas" between Fakhr ad-Dawla and the Seljuk administration involving a delay in exchanging robes of honor. When
460:
died in 1072, the Banu Jahir were tasked with overseeing the official mourning as well as the ceremonial exchange of loyalty and robes of honor between al-Qa'im and the new Seljuk sultan
573:
In 1083, al-Muqtadi removed the Banu Jahir from office by decree. The circumstances of their removal from office are somewhat unclear - historians gave varying accounts. In
1222:
609:
According to Ibn al-Athir, Malik-Shah and Nizam al-Mulk gave a dignified reception to Fakhr ad-Dawla when he arrived. Malik-Shah appointed Fakhr ad-Dawla to govern the
639:, both assisted him during this campaign. Eventually, the Banu Jahir were successful: they captured Mosul in 1084, and then in 1085 they took Mayyafariqin and Amid.
553:, who had been married to al-Qa'im, told her that a marriage with the caliph would be more prestigious, and that she should not be asking the caliph for more money.
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offers no details about the firing itself but wrote instead that the Seljuks sent representatives to meet the Banu Jahir in Baghdad (rather than in Khorasan).
1217:
340:
99:
54:
636:
244:
627:
The Diyar Bakr campaign turned out to be more difficult than expected, partly because of intervention from the Uqaylid ruler of Mosul,
377:'s rebellion. Fakhr ad-Dawla must have been aware of the risks, as well as potential competition from the Seljuk administration under
499:
1178:
1042:
983:
586:'s version, the Seljuks at some point approached al-Muqtadi and asked to employ the Banu Jahir themselves, and al-Muqtadi agreed.
593:
According to Ibn al-Athir's account, the Banu Jahir left Baghdad on Saturday, 22 July 1083. They were succeeded as viziers by
685:
The wording used by Claude Cahen seems to imply that the Marwanid campaign was Fakhr ad-Dawla's idea, not Malik-Shah's.
1069:
510:'s life was endangered. Nizam al-Mulk blamed Fakhr ad-Dawla for the whole affair and in 1078 sent his representative
1227:
471:
When al-Qa'im was on his deathbed in 1075, Fakhr ad-Dawla took charge of his personal care - al-Qa'im did not want
413:
276:
33:
369:
328:
973:
594:
534:(pulpit) made at his expense and bearing the titles of al-Muqtadi. It later ended up broken up and burned down.
436:, but he died on 11 September - before Fakhr ad-Dawla had even left Baghdad. Another early front-runner was the
170:
503:
433:
316:
158:
332:
425:
275:, (1007-1090) was an 11th-century government official who served 5 different dynasties, most notably as
400:
Fakhr ad-Dawla's first tenure lasted until 1068, when he was dismissed for a series of "infractions" (
1212:
1207:
417:
364:
550:
507:
475:
but Fakhr ad-Dawla had it done anyway. Before he died, al-Qa'im advised his grandson and successor
453:
238:
452:
Al-Qa'im does not seem to have held a grudge against Fakhr ad-Dawla and entrusted him and his son
1139:
1131:
909:
901:
838:
628:
464:. On 26 September 1073, Fakhr ad-Dawla oversaw the signing of the controversial Hanbali scholar
66:
1174:
1038:
979:
574:
409:
390:
308:
1168:
1123:
893:
830:
578:
577:'s version, al-Muqtadi had become suspicious of the Banu Jahir, prompting them to leave for
1030:
312:
280:
412:'s ceremonial robes." In other words, he had been acting above his station. According to
1201:
1143:
1065:
975:
The Annals of the Saljuq Turks: Selections from al-Kamil fi'l-Ta'rikh of Ibn al-Athir
913:
842:
542:
537:
In 1081, the caliph sent Fakhr ad-Dawla to Isfahan, laden with gifts and over 20,000
511:
304:
284:
177:
969:
583:
472:
461:
356:
336:
479:
to keep the Banu Jahir in their position: "I have not seen better persons for the
421:
374:
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897:
834:
610:
587:
495:
476:
457:
360:
288:
181:
146:
103:
676:
The sources don't specify if this was sexual violence or just plain violence.
373:
but who essentially acted as a vizier, had met a grisly death in 1058 during
1116:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
886:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
660:
565:
546:
819:"The Banu Jahir and Their Role in the Abbasid and Saljuq Administrations"
664:
465:
324:
643:
appointed governor of Mosul, his birthplace, and he died there in 1090.
619:
527:
519:
491:
487:
442:
378:
344:
1135:
1111:
905:
881:
1074:. Translated by Baron Mac-Guckin de Slane, Guillaume. pp. 286–94
531:
320:
818:
545:, to make their request. She was disinterested at first because the
1112:"Autograph Diary of an Eleventh-Century Historian of Baghdād--III"
538:
300:
225:
213:
882:"Autograph Diary of an Eleventh-Century Historian of Baghdād--II"
1071:
Deaths of Eminent Men and the Sons of the Epoch (Vol. 3, Part 1)
632:
559:
601:, who had previously been "in charge of the palace buildings".
315:
that ruled Mosul at the time before leaving after the death of
16:
11th-century government official, politician and Abbasid vizier
404:) he had committed. The reasons included "his presence in the
445:
named Abu'l-'Ala', was considered, but he never took office.
659:
Sibt ibn al-Jawzi and Abu Ali ibn al-Banna say this was at
978:. Translated by Richards, D.S. pp. 195–7, 203, 210.
483:
than Ibn Jahir and his son; do not turn away from them."
408:(Privy Chamber) without permission, and his wearing of
261:
Fakhr ad-Dawla Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jahīr
23:
Fakhr ad-Dawla Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jahīr
303:in 1007, into a rich merchant family. According to
231:
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176:
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152:
142:
121:
109:
95:
72:
60:
50:
32:
21:
1170:Ibn 'Aqil: Religion and Culture in Classical Islam
663:, while Ibn al-Athir and al-Bundari say it was at
1033:. In Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch.; Schacht, J. (eds.).
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
875:
873:
871:
869:
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865:
863:
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530:of 1078 (March–April), Fakhr ad-Dawla had had a
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
549:ruler had made a better offer: 100,000 dinars.
500:Abu Nasr ibn al-Ustadh Abi al-Qasim al-Qushayri
1162:
1160:
948:
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942:
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323:, where he at one point became vizier for the
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724:
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367:, who had technically only held the title of
331:, before eventually joining the court of the
283:and later as a provincial governor under the
8:
1173:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 3–5.
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1018:
1016:
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1008:
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704:
702:
1035:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume II (C-G)
635:. Fakhr ad-Dawla's sons, Amid ad-Dawla and
311:. He originally went into service for the
18:
1223:Government officials of the Seljuk Empire
428:. His belongings were later sent to him.
393:, he was also given the additional title
46:December 1062 – 9 September 1068
506:. During the riots, Nizam al-Mulk's son
389:('glory of the dynasty')." According to
91:December 1068 – 27? August 1078
698:
652:
637:al-Kafi Za'im al-Ru'asa Abu'l-Qasim Ali
245:al-Kafi Za'im al-Ru'asa Abu'l-Qasim Ali
1037:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 384–5.
518:Meanwhile, Amid ad-Dawla had left for
502:arrived in town to become lecturer at
7:
486:In 1077, deadly riots broke out in
14:
1218:Viziers of the Abbasid Caliphate
1:
307:, he was a descendant of the
287:. He was the founder of the
299:Fakhr ad-Dawla was born in
1244:
1128:10.1017/S0041977X00119184
898:10.1017/S0041977X00106834
835:10.1080/09503110701823536
254:
198:
187:
131:
84:
39:
28:
1167:Makdisi, George (1997).
1110:Makdisi, George (1957).
880:Makdisi, George (1956).
351:Working for the Abbasids
273:Fakhr ad-Dawla ibn Jahir
605:Working for the Seljuks
434:Abu Shuja al-Rudhrawari
317:Qirwash ibn al-Muqallad
194:1085 – c. 1085
159:Abu Shuja al-Rudhrawari
138:c. 1079 – 1083
1029:Cahen, Claude (1991).
595:Abu'l-Fath al-Muzaffar
329:Mu'izz ad-Dawla Thimal
171:Abu'l-Fath al-Muzaffar
295:Early life and career
817:Hanne, Eric (2008).
504:the city's nizamiyya
418:Abu Ali ibn al-Banna
319:in 1049. He went to
490:between the city's
426:Nur ad-Dawla Dubays
291:political dynasty.
629:Muslim ibn Quraysh
1228:People from Mosul
575:Sibt ibn al-Jawzi
395:Sharaf al-wuzarā'
391:Sibt ibn al-Jawzi
258:
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1192:
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972:(4 April 2014).
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877:
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814:
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599:ra'is al-ru'asa'
508:Mu'ayyad al-Mulk
370:ra'is al-ru'asa'
203:Personal details
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63:
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19:
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313:Uqaylid dynasty
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24:
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5:
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697:
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694:
691:
688:
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678:
669:
651:
650:
648:
645:
606:
603:
498:factions when
410:'Adud ad-Dawla
387:Fakhr ad-Dawla
365:Ibn al-Muslima
352:
349:
309:Banu Tha'labah
296:
293:
265:Fakhr ad-Dawla
263:, also called
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37:
36:
34:Abbasid Vizier
30:
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13:
10:
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2:
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1180:0-7486-0960-1
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1067:
1066:Ibn Khallikan
1061:
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1046:
1044:90-04-07026-5
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985:9781317832553
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892:(2): 239–60.
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597:, son of the
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551:Arslan Khatun
548:
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543:Turkan Khatun
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454:Amid ad-Dawla
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355:According to
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43:
38:
35:
31:
27:
20:
1184:. Retrieved
1169:
1147:. Retrieved
1122:(1): 13–48.
1119:
1115:
1076:. Retrieved
1070:
1060:
1048:. Retrieved
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989:. Retrieved
974:
970:Ibn al-Athir
917:. Retrieved
889:
885:
846:. Retrieved
829:(1): 29–45.
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584:Ibn al-Athir
572:
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526:Also during
525:
517:
485:
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473:bloodletting
470:
462:Malik-Shah I
451:
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437:
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406:Bāb al-Hujra
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357:Ibn al-Athir
354:
337:Mayyafariqin
298:
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189:
180:governor of
166:Succeeded by
133:
123:Succeeded by
115:
86:
78:
74:Succeeded by
41:
1213:1090 deaths
1208:1007 births
422:Banu Mazyad
375:al-Basasiri
154:Preceded by
111:Preceded by
62:Preceded by
1202:Categories
693:References
611:Diyar Bakr
588:Al-Bundari
512:Gohar-A'in
477:al-Muqtadi
458:Alp Arslan
361:al-Bundari
289:Banu Jahir
279:under the
182:Diyar Bakr
147:al-Muqtadi
104:al-Muqtadi
67:Ibn Darust
1144:246637755
914:166217394
843:154985025
661:al-Hillah
566:umm walad
547:Ghaznavid
414:the diary
333:Marwanids
269:Ibn Jahir
190:In office
134:In office
87:In office
42:In office
1186:28 March
1149:27 March
1050:22 March
1031:"DJAHĪR"
991:27 March
919:27 March
848:22 March
823:Al-Masaq
667:instead.
665:Fallujah
579:Khorasan
466:Ibn Aqil
341:al-Qa'im
325:Mirdasid
281:Abbasids
232:Children
100:al-Qa'im
96:Monarchs
55:al-Qa'im
1078:4 April
620:khutbah
613:, with
528:Ramadan
520:Isfahan
496:Ash'ari
492:Hanbali
488:Baghdad
443:Hanbali
379:Tughril
345:Baghdad
143:Monarch
51:Monarch
1177:
1142:
1136:609630
1134:
1041:
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906:609982
904:
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615:sikkah
539:dinars
532:minbar
424:ruler
402:dhunūb
321:Aleppo
277:vizier
178:Seljuk
1140:S2CID
1132:JSTOR
910:S2CID
902:JSTOR
839:S2CID
647:Notes
481:dawla
438:za'im
327:emir
301:Mosul
271:, or
247:(son)
241:(son)
226:Mosul
214:Mosul
1188:2022
1175:ISBN
1151:2022
1080:2022
1052:2022
1039:ISBN
993:2022
980:ISBN
921:2022
850:2022
633:Amid
617:and
560:mahr
494:and
359:and
223:1090
220:Died
211:1007
208:Born
1124:doi
894:doi
831:doi
416:of
343:in
335:in
127:(?)
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1120:19
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