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travel distance while playing a round, and to vary the mix of shorter and longer holes. Combined with the need to package all the fairways within what is frequently a compact square or rectangular plot of land, the fairways of a course tend to form an oppositional tiling pattern. In complex areas, two holes may share the same tee box, fairway, or even green. It is also common for separate tee-off points to be positioned for men, women, and amateurs, each one respectively lying closer to the green. Eighteen-hole courses are traditionally broken down into a "front 9" (holes 1–9) and a "back 9" (holes 10–18). On older courses (especially links courses, like the Old Course at St. Andrews), the holes may be laid out in one long loop, beginning and ending at the clubhouse, and thus the front 9 is referred to on the scorecard as "out" (heading out away from clubhouse) and the back 9 as "in" (heading back in toward the clubhouse). More recent courses (and especially inland courses) tend to be routed with the front 9 and the back 9 each constituting a separate loop beginning and ending at the clubhouse. This is partly for the convenience of the players and the club, as then it is easier to play just a 9-hole round, if preferred, or stop at the clubhouse for a snack between the front 9 and the back 9.
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courses incorporate natural features and wildlife corridors, contributing to biodiversity. This is a big step forward in the movement towards a greener environment. Golf courses as a whole also typically require substantial water for irrigation. Properly managed courses can showcase efficient water management practices, such as the use of reclaimed water or sustainable irrigation systems. These are the first crucial stages to conquer environmental issues and the problems within the golf industry. The sustainability issue hits when animals and non invasive plant life are displaced and alteration and distortion to many prominent swamps, wetlands, and other prominent wildlife fixtures.
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course used to be a great rarity, courses measuring 7,500-yards are now not uncommon, and courses of 8,000-yards are being contemplated. The cause of modern science allows these specifications that cause more acreage to be used up. All this has led to a ten-percent increase in the acreage required to build a typical course. Water restrictions established by communities have forced courses to limit the amount of maintained turf grass. While most modern 18-hole golf courses occupy as much as 60 hectares (150 acres) of land, the average course has 30 hectares (74 acres) of maintained turf.
627:, a costly and time-consuming weed. Augusta National is one of many golf courses to use this type of green. The original design of Augusta National did not include bent grass greens, but in the early 1980s the greens were converted from Bermuda to bent grass. This affected the speed of the greens, making them too quick, and several areas were subsequently remodelled to reduce the slopes and make them more playable. Many other golf courses subsequently made the decision to change from Bermuda to bent grass when they observed increased business at courses that had already changed over.
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then hitting the turf and removing a portion of it as the club continues its arc). Fairways on prestigious tours, like the PGA Tour, are cut low. Mowing heights influence the play of the course. For example, the grass heights at U.S. Open events are alternated from one hole to the next in order to make the course more difficult. One example of this is the infamous roughs at U.S. Opens, which are often 3 to 5 inches high, depending on how close to the fairway or green the section of grass will be. This makes it difficult for a player to recover after a bad shot.
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311:, although many of the finest golf course architects in the world choose not to become members of any such group, as associations of architects are not government-sanctioned licensing bodies, but private groups. While golf courses often follow the original landscape, some modification is unavoidable. This is increasingly the case as new courses are more likely to be sited on less optimal land. Bunkers and sand traps are always built in by architects unless the formation of such items is already in the course's natural terrain.
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dry. In arid areas, dry creek beds can be marked as "water hazards", but the importation of non-native grasses and other plant life can have a detrimental effect on native landscapes, often requiring non-native soil and large quantities of water and fertilizer to maintain the course. In these areas, course builders are often prohibited from growing and maintaining non-native grass on areas of the course other than the fairway, or even on the fairway itself, in which case only greens are allowed to have grass.
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1062:, who arrange competitions for their members on the courses and may provide clubhouse facilities. In the UK particularly, some older private members clubs have an associated "Artisan" club, originally established to provide low-cost golf with limited playing rights in exchange for unpaid work on the course. These associated clubs may be totally independent organizations from the course management, or may have various degrees of formal or informal links.
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have been upgraded "in-place" to 18 holes and a traditional par score, or the original course was sold for other development and new land was acquired and built into an 18-hole course. By contrast, par-3 courses, especially Pitch and Putt, are rising in popularity as a compromise between the long play time and high skill levels required of a traditional 18-hole course, and the artificial nature and single-minded putting focus of
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Golf Course was the first course in North
Carolina to utilize a special Bermuda called Mini Verde. A green is generally established from sod which has had the soil washed off of it (to avoid soil compatibility problems) and which is then laid tightly over the green, then rolled and topdressed with fine sand. Another common and more economical approach for establishing a putting green is to introduce hybrid Bermuda sprigs (the
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multibillion-dollar courses is that it takes the place for much better use of land. Those methods of use include building communities for the homeless and under privileged, national parks and foresty for tourism, growth of wildlife, and animals to roam free. There is also a problem with giving up farm land which is a top necessity in the US economy which causes problems in the supply chain.
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188:, and a green with a cylindrical hole in the ground, known as a "cup". The cup holds a flagstick, known as a "pin". A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes, and as such most courses contain 18 distinct holes; however, there are many 9-hole courses and some that have holes with shared fairways or greens. There are also courses with a non-standard number of holes, such as 12 or 14.
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greens. A green may consist of a thin carpet so that bad weather is not allowed to become a serious factor in maintaining the course. These are considered the best greens because they may be cut to an extremely low height, and because they may be grown from seed. Bent grass does not have grain, which makes it superior as a putting surface. However, bent grass may become infested with
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from grass, as the ball may embed itself into the sand, and the loose nature of the sand and more severe sloping of many bunkers make taking one's stance more difficult. As in any hazard, a ball in a bunker must be played without touching the sand with the club except during the stroke, and loose impediments (leaves, stones, twigs) must not be moved before making the stroke.
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495:; the grass there is cut higher and is often of a coarser strain than on the fairways, making roughs disadvantageous areas from which to hit. On par-3 holes, the player is expected to be able to drive the ball to the green on the first shot from the tee box. On holes longer than par 3, players are expected to require at least one additional shot to reach their greens.
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pole positioned in it so that it may be seen from a distance, but not necessarily from the tee. This location marker is officially called the "flagstick" but is also commonly referred to as the "pin". Flagsticks are made of either coated fiberglass, metal, or wood and have a metal or synthetic bottom (called a ferrule) that is designed to fit in the hole cup.
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352:. On occasion, factors other than distance are taken into account when setting the par for a hole; these include altitude, terrain and obstacles that result in a hole playing longer or shorter than its measured distance, e.g. route is significantly uphill or downhill, or requiring play of a stroke to finish short of a body of water before hitting over it.
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encountered getting through the hole. The slope or break of the green also affects the roll of the ball. The hole, or cup, is always found within the green and must have a diameter of 108 millimeters (4.25 in) and a depth of at least 10 centimeters (3.94 in). Its position on the green is not fixed and typically is changed daily by a
456:, each one a different distance from the hole (and possibly with a different angle of approach to the green or fairway) to provide differing difficulty. The teeing ground is generally as level as feasible, with closely mown grass very similar to that of a putting green, and most are slightly raised from the surrounding fairway.
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account the characteristics of the green to arrive at the hole at the proper angle and speed. The best players will read the green by walking around the green and studying the characteristics of the green before addressing the ball. Many golfers consider reading the green and putting to be the most difficult part of the game.
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hazard, perhaps due to the instability of the dunes closest to the water and the high cost of hand-made golf balls precluding anything that could result in their irrecoverable loss. The land is naturally treeless and this combined with their coastal location makes wind and weather an important factor in links golf.
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A "par-3" course has either 9 or 18 holes, and the distance of each hole is a par 3 rating (typically 240 yards or less from the "men's" tee), with no par-4 or par-5 holes mandating shots through the green (though, occasionally, a "par-3" course may feature a par-4 or even a par-5 hole). As a result,
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Traditional links courses are often arranged with holes in pairs along the coastline; players would play "out" from the town through a series of holes to the furthest point of the course, and then would return "in" along the second set of holes. The holes may share fairways and sometimes greens (such
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Just as there are good-quality grasses for putting greens, there are good-quality grasses for the fairway and rough. The quality of grass influences the roll of the ball as well as the ability of the player to "take a divot" (effectively, the ability to hit down into the ball, hitting the ball first,
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While many holes are designed with a direct line-of-sight from the teeing ground to the green, a hole may bend either to the left or to the right. This is called a "dogleg", in reference to the similarity to a dog's ankle. The hole is called a "dogleg left" if the hole angles leftwards, and a "dogleg
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The layout of a course follows certain traditional principles, such as the number of holes (nine and 18 being most common), their par values, and the number of holes of each par value per course. It is also preferable to arrange greens to be close to the tee box of the next playable hole, to minimize
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The use of natural creeks and ponds is generally desirable when designing a golf course for their aesthetics and the increase in playing difficulty. However, such areas also typically include wetlands within the flood plain that are unsuitable for golfing and are often filled in and raised to remain
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and other environmentally important areas during construction. These pesticides run off into bodies of water and cause over flowing of pesticides into water which causes algae blooms that destroys whole ecosystem shutdowns. The United
Nations estimates that, worldwide, golf courses consume about 2.5
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The popularity of the 9-hole course has waned in recent decades; a full 18-hole course still allows for the player to play only the "front nine" or "back nine" as a shorter game, while attracting more golfers seeking to play a traditional full round of 18 distinct holes. Many older executive courses
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These types of courses provide a faster pace of play than a standard course, and get their name from their target patronage of business executives who would play the course on a long lunch or as part of a meeting. They are also popular with young professionals, because during the normal golf season,
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Courses may also have other design features which the skilled player will avoid; there are earth bunkers (pits or depressions in the ground that are not filled with sand but require a lofted shot to escape), high grass and other dense vegetation, trees or shrubs, ravines and other rocky areas, steep
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specify exactly the point from which the ball may be played outside a hazard. Bunkers are small to medium areas, usually lower than the fairway but of varying topography, that are filled with sand and generally incorporate a raised lip or barrier. It is more difficult to play the ball from sand than
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Golfers use a method known as "reading" the green to enhance their chances of making a putt. Reading a green involves determining the speed, grain, incline, decline and tilt of the green on the line of the putt. Most putts are not struck directly at the hole, instead they must be struck to take into
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Another type of grass common for greens is TifDwarf Hybrid
Bermuda (other variants exist, but TifDwarf is one of the most common), or simply Bermuda grass. Bermuda is more common in regions that have very warm summers and mild winters, such as the Southern and Southwestern United States. Red Bridge
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Each tee box has two markers showing the bounds of the legal tee area. The teeing area spans the distance between the markers, and extends two-club lengths behind the markers. A golfer may stand outside the teeing area, but the ball must be placed and hit from inside it. A golfer may place his ball
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and elsewhere in arid regions, golf courses have been constructed on nothing more than oil-covered sand. Players may use a roller on the "greens" to smooth the intended path before putting. In
November 2022, four Saudi Arabian golf courses were certified by the GEO foundation that solidifies those
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In 2022 the U.S. Geological Survey reported that the state of Utah uses about 38 million gallons of water on its golf courses per day - enough water to fill almost 58 Olympic-sized swimming pools. Studies have also found that golf courses take up 2,244,415 acres of land nationwide. A golf course's
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A "9-hole course", typically the type referred to as an "executive course", has only 9 holes instead of 18, but with the otherwise normal mix of par-3, par-4 and par-5 holes (typically producing a par score of between 34 and 36), and the course can be played through once for a short game, or twice
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There may even be a practice course (often shorter and easier to play than a full-scale course), where players may measure the distance they can obtain with a specific club, or in order to improve their swing technique. Practice courses often consist of old holes of a previous design that are kept
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in order to prevent excessive localized wear and damage to the turf. A new hole will be cut by a device that removes a plug of the turf from the ground, and the reinforced cup is then moved, before the old hole is filled in with the plug cut from the new hole and levelled. The hole has a flag on a
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A successful design is as visually pleasing as it is playable. With golf being a form of outdoor recreation, the strong designer is an adept student of natural landscaping who understands the aesthetic cohesion of vegetation, water bodies, paths, grasses, stonework, and woodwork, among many other
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Golf courses can be built on sandy areas along coasts, on abandoned farms, among strip mines, and quarries, and in deserts and forests. Many
Western countries have instituted environmental restrictions on where and how courses are allowed to be built. The problem in today's society with building
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is that today's players can hit the ball much farther than previously. As a result, because of demand from course customers who possess this enhanced equipment, and also out of an expressed concern for safety, golf course architects have had to lengthen and widen golf courses. Where a 7,000-yard
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and is designed to slow and stop balls rolling along the green from an approach shot or errant putt, preventing them from exiting the green. Though putting strokes can be made on it, the higher grass can interfere with the path of the ball, so players often choose to use a lofted club such as an
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While golf courses are a big target of pollution and global warming, there has been good efforts of evolving golf into a game which helps the environment and not the latter of destroying it. Golf courses often create large green spaces that serve as habitats for various plants and animals. Some
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The closely grazed turf and naturally good drainage of the links was ideal for golf, and areas of longer grass, heather, low growing bushes and exposed sand provided the hazards that are familiar on modern courses. Although early links courses were often close to the sea it was rarely used as a
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shares best management practices and case studies of U.S. golf courses, on topics such as irrigation efficiency, use of recycled water, stormwater infrastructure, native grasses, and increasing pollinator habitat. Golf course superintendents are often trained in the uses of these practices and
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The shallow top soil and sandy subsoil made links land unsuitable for the cultivation of crops or for urban development and was of low economic value. The links were often treated as common land by the residents of the nearby towns and were used by them for recreation, animal grazing and other
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The grass of the putting green (more commonly just "green") is cut very short so that a ball can roll for a long distance. The most common types of greens are for cold winter, but warmer summer regions (i.e., not extremely warm, as in the
Southern and Southwestern United States) are bent grass
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Two downside factors of
Bermuda greens are cost of maintenance, and also the existence of grain (the growth direction of the blades of grass), which affects the ball's roll and which is called "the grain of the green" and not to be confused with "the rub of the green" which are idiosyncrasies
195:, that a proficient player should be able to achieve; this is usually three, four or five strokes. Par-3 courses consist of holes all of which have a par of three. Short courses have gained in popularity; these consist of mostly par 3 holes, but often have some short par 4 holes.
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adjacent to the green, and depending on the shape of the green and surrounding hazards, and the location of the hole (which often changes from day to day to promote even wear of the turf of the green), there may not be a direct putting line from a point on the green to the cup.
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A commercial course is owned and managed by a private organization and is operated for profit. They may be constructed to provide a core or supplementary attraction for visitors to a hotel or commercial resort, as the centrepiece to a real estate development, as an exclusive
871:" course, where each of the 9 or 18 holes has a distance from tee to cup of less than 100 yards, with an overall 18-hole course distance no more than 1,200 yards (so each hole averages 67 yards). This allows the course to be played without a full set of clubs; typically only
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from which they tee the ball. Other
Australian golf courses in locations where water is scarce or water conservation is a priority sometimes feature "scrapes" in place of greens. These are made of fine dirt which requires raking between uses but does not require watering.
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The cost of installing and maintaining grass greens constitutes a considerable proportion of the expense of installing and maintaining a golf course. To save money, many low budget courses catering to casual players have sand greens instead of real grass. In recent years,
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from where it came to rest; this spot is known as its "lie". When the ball is in play and not out of bounds or in a hazard the player must play the ball as it lies. The area between the tee box and the putting green where the grass is cut even and short is called the
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courses pledge and to higher the sustainability in the courses in the area and to improve economic output. This act was supported by very strict laws in Saudi Arabia including stewardship, carbon and climate footprint reducal, and restoration of the economy as well.
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and maintained for practice purposes or as substitute holes if one or more holes become unplayable; a 21-hole golf course, for instance, will have three additional holes that can be used for practice or as substitutes for a flooded or otherwise damaged hole.
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Special rules apply to playing a ball that falls in a hazard. For example, a player may not touch the ground or water with their club before playing the ball, not even for a practice swing. A ball in any hazard may be played as it lies without
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In some parts of the world, attempts to build courses and resorts have led to protests, vandalism, and violence. Populists perceive golf as an elitist activity, and thus golf courses become a target for popular opposition. Resisting golf
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A private course is owned and managed by a golf club on behalf of its members, on a non-profit basis. Many of the courses opened during the golf booms in the late 19th and early 20th centuries are of this type. Some courses, such as
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billion gallons/9.5 billion litres of water per day. The number one method of water use goes toward green regulations and the maintainment of courses. Many golf courses are now irrigated with non-potable water and rainwater. The
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Putting greens are not all of the same quality. The finest-quality greens are well-kept so that a ball will roll smoothly over the closely mowed grass. Excess water can be removed from a putting green using a machine called a
567:, is an area of very closely trimmed grass on relatively even, smooth ground surrounding the hole, allowing players to make precision strokes on it. To "putt" is to play a stroke on this surface, usually with the eponymous "
1004:, are highly exclusive and will only allow visitors to play at the invitation of and alongside a member of the club. Others allow visitors at certain times but may insist on advance booking and proof of golfing competency.
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inclines, etc.; while disadvantageous to play from, these are typically not considered "hazards" unless specifically designated so by the course (a ravine or creekbed may be termed a "water hazard" even if completely dry)
1530:, for example, are engaged in legal and political opposition to golf developments on their islands, for fear the golf courses will destroy the nutrient-poor balance on which their coral reef and mangrove systems depend.
206:. The first golf courses were based on the topography of sand dunes and dune slacks with a ground cover of grasses, exposed to the wind and sea. Courses are private, public, or municipally owned, and typically feature a
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in the US and many others of less renown. It is increasingly common for the management of municipal courses to be contracted out to commercial or other organisations or the course to be sold or shut down completely.
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and is also known as chip and putt. The maximum hole length for international competitions is 90 metres (100 yd) with a maximum total course length of 1,200 metres (1,310 yd). Players may only use three
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The green is typically surrounded by slightly higher grass, cut at a height between that of the green and fairway, and then by the fairway and/or rough. This longer grass surrounding the green is known as the
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Holes often include hazards, which are special areas that have additional rules for play, and are generally of two types: (1) water hazards, such as ponds, lakes, and rivers; and (2) bunkers, or sand traps.
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348:. Holes are generally assigned par values between three and five, which includes a regulation number of strokes to reach the green based on the average distance a proficient golfer hits the ball, and two
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grasses. This has led to significant reduction in the amount of water and chemicals on courses. Golf course turf is an excellent filter for water and has been used in communities to cleanse
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has also become an increasingly popular surface as a less costly alternative to grass which more closely resembles the appearance and feel of real grass compared to a sand surface.
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1515:. These causes are valiant but only come to more divide, then instead of coming to conclusions and to agree and make more efforts of making this game more eco friendly.
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A municipal course is owned and managed by a local government body for the benefit of residents and visitors. Some of the historic
Scottish golf courses, including
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has an educational and certification program for golf courses to achieve higher environmental standards and become a
Certified Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary.
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Environmental concerns, along with concerns about cost and human health, have led to research into more environmentally sound practices and turf grasses. The
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Many golf courses have what may be referred to as a "signature hole". This will commonly be the most memorable, aesthetically pleasing or photogenic hole.
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and sometimes similar areas inland. It is on links land near the towns of central eastern Scotland that golf has been played since the 15th century.
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Most golf courses have only par-3, −4, and −5 holes, although some courses include par-6 holes. The Ananti CC and the Satsuki golf course in
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golf courses around the world. A 2019 study revealed that 78% of the world's supply of golf courses are located in 10 countries: the
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894:. Pitch and Putt, specifically its governing association the IPPA, has received financial support and logo rights from the R&A.
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the total par for 18 holes of a par-3 course would be 54 instead of a typical 68–72. Some par-3 courses still require the use of a
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directly on the surface of the teeing ground (called hitting it "off the deck"), or the ball may be supported by a manufactured
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green a stronger stroke is necessary to roll the ball the same distance. The exact speed of a green can be determined with a
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The vast majority of golf courses have holes of varying length and difficulties that are assigned a standard score, known as
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to economize on land use, but in modern times this is rare due to the potential for injury from balls coming the other way.
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There are three main categories of ownership and management of a golf course: private, commercial, and municipal.
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is a course with a total par significantly less than that of a typical 18-hole course. Two main types exist:
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961:. The game is played from raised artificial teeing surfaces using a tee and it has its own handicap system.
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right" if the hole angles rightwards. A hole's direction may bend twice, which is called a "double dogleg".
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After the first shot from the tee ("teeing off"), the player whose ball is farthest from the green hits the
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to test the speed of a green while playing by rolling a ball on it, or by feeling or rubbing the green.
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Water hazard, sand trap, and dense vegetation on the 13th hole at Ridgefield Golf Course, Connecticut
1727:"Golf Courses as Designed Landscapes of Historic Interest. Historic England Research Report 42/2017"
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1658:"Why does a golf course have 18 holes?", www.ScottishGolfHistory.org, 2003–2007, webpage:
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2476:. Earth Metrics Inc., Prepared for the city of Monterey and State of California Clearinghouse.
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over the use of land for golf courses have grown since the 1960s. Specific issues include the
982:
832:
828:
292:
4210:
1969:
4174:
3912:
3541:
3536:
3267:
3037:
2949:
2944:
2795:
2661:
2487:
1599:
1427:
1034:
1022:
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1001:
284:
2459:
2056:
1922:
3521:
2711:
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2656:
2602:
1523:
978:
886:
the course can usually be played in the time between the end of the work day and sundown.
681:
548:
238:
100:
781:
4101:
4096:
4076:
4055:
4050:
4024:
4019:
4009:
3985:
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3815:
3531:
3129:
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2750:
2721:
2716:
2691:
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2474:
Environmental Impact Report for the Pebble Beach Properties project by Del Monte Forest
1821:
1487:
1431:
986:
918:
898:
891:
793:
712:
452:, or tee-box. There is typically more than one available box where a player places his
276:
241:, the world's longest golf course spanning 1,365 kilometres, was established along the
1459:
on golf courses and sod farms because of its negative impact on bird species in 1988.
4238:
4198:
4164:
3943:
3891:
3830:
3551:
3516:
3511:
3027:
2821:
2743:
2738:
2671:
2619:
2222:
2193:
1075:
1017:, or as a "Pay and Play" course open to the general public. Notable examples include
958:
747:
733:
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519:
449:
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341:
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211:
185:
173:
2141:
2111:
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of the grass which are raked out at the sod farm), which are laid out on the green.
4127:
3866:
3800:
3720:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
2811:
2788:
2733:
1534:
1014:
974:
928:
872:
776:
648:
543:
242:
199:
2551:
1420:
272:
2422:
359:, the typical distances for the various holes from standard tees are as follows:
4143:
3884:
3805:
3735:
3139:
2701:
2681:
1542:
1519:
1508:
1504:
1362:
1103:
868:
861:
797:
786:
738:
669:
614:
610:
531:
328:
192:
42:
4148:
4060:
4045:
4040:
3898:
3850:
3845:
3835:
3810:
3780:
3144:
3099:
2969:
2849:
2783:
2706:
2686:
1993:
1906:
1463:
carbon footprint is ten times greater than an average person's everyday life.
1443:
1435:
801:
664:
if a light stroke on the ball makes it roll a long distance; conversely, on a
515:
349:
227:
153:
148:
222:
The golf course has its roots dating to the 18th century. The 18-hole course
4122:
4084:
4004:
3999:
3840:
3820:
3795:
3785:
3134:
2760:
2755:
2696:
2051:
1546:
1522:, opposition to golf developments has become a national issue. Residents of
1512:
1472:
1439:
1091:
657:
623:
523:
481:
472:
453:
746:
Often, a golf course will include among its facilities a practice range or
487:
4179:
4106:
3905:
3790:
2879:
2826:
1476:
1456:
1111:
231:
207:
1580:
340:
Par is primarily determined by the playing length of each hole from the
267:
17:
1585:
1574:
Fountain pond at Seltenheim Golf Course Klagenfurt-Seltenheim, Austria.
1500:
1447:
1387: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1095:
1087:
942:
932:
409:
157:
506:
Fairway and rough, Spur Valley Golf Course, Radium Hot Springs, Canada
3878:
3703:
1527:
1107:
1099:
1083:
876:
831:, which is generally regarded as the first recorded golf course. The
632:
568:
2526:
2245:"The decline of municipal golf clubs during the economic downturn"
1619:
1609:
1593:
1579:
1569:
1414:
1079:
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are needed, possibly a 9-iron for the longest holes, along with a
780:
737:
697:
637:
547:
501:
471:
408:
266:
203:
172:
is played. It consists of a series of holes, each consisting of a
3954:
2874:
2642:
2424:
The Future of Golf: How Golf Lost Its Way and how to Get it Back
1910:
1692:"Barnbougle Opens 'Bougle Run': A Stunning 14-Hole Short Course"
949:
169:
3958:
2615:
864:
on some tee shots, and thus a "complete" set of clubs is used.
4014:
2765:
1356:
461:
36:
2860:
Professional Golfers' Association (Great Britain and Ireland)
2323:"EPA PROHIBITS USE OF DIAZINON ON GOLF COURSES AND SOD FARMS"
1725:
European Institute of Golf Course Architects (EIGCA) (2017).
1058:
Many commercial and municipal establishments have associated
800:
word hlinc : "rising ground, ridge", describing coastal
1614:
Water feature at the Shell Point Golf Course, Iona, Florida.
476:
Typical doglegs. Left: "dogleg left". Right: "double dogleg"
2458:
and the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America
1757:"The Ghost Course - Links to the past on a Scottish island"
2490:: 2 August 1995 (Volume 60, Number 148, Pages 39326-39337)
2078:
1803:"Who is the most underrated golf architect of all time?"
2611:
2472:
C.M. Hogan; G. Deghi; M. Papineau; et al. (1992).
2348:
1899:
Rules of Golf and the Rules of Amateur Status 2008–2011
1706:"Short Courses Are Gaining Favor With Golfing Families"
514:
Variants of grass used for fairways and roughs include
1876:"Rules of Handicapping | Appendix F: Establishing Par"
2021:"Bermuda, bent, rye: Grass types make big difference"
1801:
Reviriego, Javier; Brown, Thomas (22 February 2020).
1503:
and golf's expansion has become an objective of some
2219:"Scottish Croquet: The English Golf Boom, 1880–1914"
4157:
4136:
4115:
4069:
4033:
3992:
3859:
3771:
3686:
3560:
3499:
3459:
3413:
3392:
3383:
3266:
3228:
3168:
3092:
3083:
3056:
3018:
2980:
2923:
2905:
2835:
2804:
2776:
2649:
2501:"View: Golf has grown into an 'ecological villain'"
867:
A common standardized type of par-3 course is the "
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1992:
1584:The Tammer Golf Course in the Ruotula district of
1423:, Iceland in May 2011, amid the barren lava fields
552:The 18th hole at the Old Head Golf Links on the
448:The first section of every hole consists of the
337:, Japan, are the only courses with par-7 holes.
2298:"How Many Golf Courses Are There In The World?"
2272:"How Many Golf Courses Are There In The World?"
2047:"What Is a 'Signature Hole' on a Golf Course?"
1446:in maintenance, as well as the destruction of
3970:
2627:
1915:The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews
827:, often described as the "Home of Golf", and
27:Series of holes designed for the game of golf
8:
2865:Professional Golfers' Association of America
2296:updated, Elliott Heath last (29 July 2022).
2270:updated, Elliott Heath last (29 July 2022).
1921:. September 2007. p. 67. Archived from
309:Society of Australian Golf Course Architects
305:European Institute of Golf Course Architects
299:. The field is partially represented by the
2085:. Scottish Language Dictionaries, Edinburgh
234:and has existed under its name since 1895.
3977:
3963:
3955:
3389:
3089:
2920:
2892:American Society of Golf Course Architects
2634:
2620:
2612:
2185:MW Associates, Edinburgh (February 2003).
301:American Society of Golf Course Architects
1847:"How is par on a golf course determined?"
1624:Golf course in Princeville, Kauai, Hawaii
1403:Learn how and when to remove this message
257:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2110:. St Andrews Links Trust. Archived from
1116:
927:The "par 3" or pitch and putt course in
742:Practice range with 43 tees (20 covered)
398:Par 6 – 570 yards (520 m) or longer
377:Par 6 – 670 yards (610 m) or longer
140:
2397:"Best Management Practice Case Studies"
2212:
2210:
2102:
2100:
1870:
1868:
1673:"Do 12-hole golf courses have a chance"
1651:
1126:Percentage of Total World Golf Courses
901:event on a nine-hole par-3 course, the
808:activities such as laundering clothes.
329:Par (score) § Determination of par
2247:. Golf Club Management. Archived from
395:Par 5 – 370–600 yards (340–550 m)
392:Par 4 – 200–420 yards (180–380 m)
374:Par 5 – 450–710 yards (410–650 m)
371:Par 4 – 240–490 yards (220–450 m)
181:
177:
2401:United States Golf Association (USGA)
168:is the grounds on which the sport of
7:
4205:
1774:Richardson, Forrest (29 July 2002).
1453:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1385:adding citations to reliable sources
642:Flagstick at Spur Valley Golf Course
389:Par 3 – Under 220 yards (200 m)
368:Par 3 – Under 260 yards (240 m)
210:. Many private courses are found at
65:adding citations to reliable sources
4217:
2045:Kelley, Brent (23 September 2016).
1041:fall into this category along with
979:Turf management § Golf courses
785:Domburgsche, a links course in the
3758:Albatrosses in notable tournaments
3298:Women's major championship winners
3120:European Ladies' Team Championship
3115:European Amateur Team Championship
1598:Fairway at Lord Howe Golf Course,
1475:, such as incorporating them into
25:
3310:Senior major championship winners
2377:. Deseret News Publishing Company
1991:Madden, Michael (10 April 1986).
823:Famous links courses include the
4216:
4204:
4193:
4192:
3286:Men's major championship winners
2083:Dictionary of the Scots Language
1675:. 18 August 2010. Archived from
1361:
41:
1994:"Master builders change course"
1948:"USGA Rules of Golf Experience"
1822:"The World's Longest Golf Hole"
1820:Victoria Robb (13 April 2007).
1731:research.historicengland.org.uk
1372:needs additional citations for
903:Big Cedar Lodge Legends of Golf
52:needs additional citations for
2897:World Golf Teachers Federation
2855:United States Golf Association
2607:United States Golf Association
2369:Bauer, Ethan (23 March 2022).
2108:"A Brief History of The Links"
1919:United States Golf Association
1641:List of golf course architects
660:. Golfers describe a green as
357:United States Golf Association
145:Aerial view of a golf course (
1:
2845:International Golf Federation
2243:Harte, Nigel (24 June 2014).
2217:Lowerson, John (5 May 1983).
2140:. The R&A. Archived from
1972:. Phillip Jennings Turf Farms
1507:movements, especially in the
1066:Golf courses around the world
983:Equipment manager § Golf
897:In 2014, the PGA Tour held a
283:Although a specialty within
248:In 2023, the golf course at
32:Golf course (disambiguation)
4081:Distance measuring devices
3043:Senior Players Championship
2421:Shackelford, Geoff (2005).
2187:"Golf Audit Summary Report"
2009:– via Newspapers.com.
1690:Lu, Garry (14 April 2021).
226:was established in 1764 at
4266:
2577:"Golf and the Environment"
971:Golf course superintendent
968:
916:
774:
731:
691:
541:
441:
326:
252:, was integrated into the
250:Moundbuilders Country Club
29:
4188:
3939:
3731:R&A World Golf Museum
3714:Evans Scholars Foundation
2596:USGA Course Rating Primer
1780:. John Wiley & Sons.
957:; one of which must be a
825:Old Course at St. Andrews
3071:U.S. Senior Women's Open
3066:Senior LPGA Championship
3048:Senior Open Championship
3000:Women's PGA Championship
2990:The Chevron Championship
2456:National Golf Foundation
1438:and the use of chemical
965:Ownership and management
3726:World Golf Hall of Fame
3033:Senior PGA Championship
2870:Professional golf tours
1777:Routing the Golf Course
1070:As per 2019 there were
198:Many older courses are
4245:Golf clubs and courses
3005:The Evian Championship
2605:at the website of the
2164:"Pitch and putt rules"
1625:
1615:
1603:
1589:
1575:
1455:prohibited the use of
1428:Environmental concerns
1424:
935:
789:
743:
703:
643:
556:
507:
477:
434:
289:landscape architecture
280:
161:
4025:Ball mark repair tool
3920:Travel + Leisure Golf
3110:Espirito Santo Trophy
2955:The Open Championship
2601:3 August 2020 at the
2556:Audubon International
2302:Golf Monthly Magazine
2276:Golf Monthly Magazine
2138:The Open Championship
1623:
1613:
1597:
1583:
1573:
1554:Audubon International
1418:
926:
784:
741:
701:
641:
551:
505:
475:
413:Golf course features:
412:
270:
254:world heritage-listed
144:
4250:Grass field surfaces
3931:JTBC Golf&Sports
3741:Jack Nicklaus Museum
3405:Granted Royal status
3348:Ladies European Tour
3338:European Senior Tour
3010:Women's British Open
2454:Sources include the
2371:"An illogical oasis"
1970:"Tifway 419 Bermuda"
1381:improve this article
1353:Environmental impact
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
3709:Caddie Hall of Fame
3216:Youth Olympic Games
3196:Mediterranean Games
3125:International Crown
2174:on 27 October 2013.
2059:on 13 February 2017
1486:A result of modern
907:Ridgedale, Missouri
554:Old Head of Kinsale
423:5 = fairway bunker
3467:Robert Trent Jones
3368:PGA Tour Champions
3353:LPGA of Japan Tour
3211:Summer Universiade
3206:Pan American Games
3186:Inter-Allied Games
2933:Masters Tournament
1928:on 29 October 2008
1711:The New York Times
1626:
1616:
1604:
1590:
1576:
1425:
936:
790:
744:
704:
644:
557:
528:Kentucky bluegrass
508:
478:
435:
281:
162:
4232:
4231:
3993:Playing equipment
3952:
3951:
3495:
3494:
3487:A. W. Tillinghast
3315:Olympic medalists
3224:
3223:
3169:Multi-sport event
3105:Eisenhower Trophy
3079:
3078:
2995:U.S. Women's Open
2885:PGA European Tour
2434:978-1-57061-456-9
1787:978-0-471-43480-1
1679:on 14 April 2021.
1632:
1631:
1602:, NSW, Australia.
1413:
1412:
1405:
1350:
1349:
856:for a full round.
833:Open Championship
829:Musselburgh Links
468:Fairway and rough
429:8 = putting green
421:4 = out of bounds
293:Alister MacKenzie
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
4257:
4220:
4219:
4208:
4207:
4196:
4195:
4175:Golf instruction
3979:
3972:
3965:
3956:
3763:Open tournaments
3390:
3090:
3038:U.S. Senior Open
2945:PGA Championship
2938:Augusta National
2921:
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2629:
2622:
2613:
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2488:Federal Register
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2176:
2175:
2170:. Archived from
2160:
2154:
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2151:
2149:
2144:on 3 August 2012
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2055:. Archived from
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1999:The Boston Globe
1996:
1988:
1982:
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1765:
1764:
1763:. 13 April 2009.
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1733:. Archived from
1722:
1716:
1715:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1669:
1663:
1656:
1600:Lord Howe Island
1566:
1565:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1365:
1357:
1117:
1054:Associated clubs
1002:Augusta National
845:executive course
594:
592:
588:
582:
580:
576:
563:, or simply the
425:6 = penalty area
417:2 = penalty area
285:landscape design
245:, in Australia.
132:
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121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
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3767:
3682:
3556:
3491:
3455:
3409:
3385:
3379:
3373:Korn Ferry Tour
3343:Japan Golf Tour
3303:chronologically
3291:chronologically
3262:
3220:
3176:Summer Olympics
3164:
3085:
3075:
3052:
3014:
2976:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2837:
2831:
2800:
2772:
2645:
2640:
2603:Wayback Machine
2592:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2552:"ACSP for Golf"
2550:
2549:
2545:
2535:
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2508:
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2329:. 31 March 1988
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2019:
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1990:
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1853:. 23 March 2015
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1719:
1714:. 1 April 2022.
1704:
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1688:
1684:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1637:
1524:Great Guana Cay
1432:amount of water
1419:Golf course in
1409:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1378:
1366:
1355:
1068:
1056:
1031:
1010:
997:
989:
967:
921:
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841:
796:term, from the
779:
773:
768:
760:
736:
730:
696:
690:
682:artificial turf
590:
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546:
540:
470:
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428:
426:
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420:
418:
416:
415:1 = teeing area
414:
407:
331:
325:
271:Kytäjä Golf in
265:
239:Nullarbor Links
220:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4152:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4116:Transportation
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4079:
4077:Ball retriever
4073:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3986:Golf equipment
3984:
3982:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3959:
3950:
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3937:
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3928:
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3895:
3888:
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3876:
3875:
3874:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3826:Pitch and putt
3823:
3818:
3816:Miniature golf
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3754:
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3728:
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3615:
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3595:
3590:
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3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3472:Old Tom Morris
3469:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3451:United Kingdom
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3396:
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3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3328:Challenge Tour
3325:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3281:Female golfers
3278:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
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3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3130:Presidents Cup
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3058:Senior Women's
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2965:Challenge Belt
2962:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2929:
2927:
2918:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
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2889:
2888:
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2799:
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2763:
2758:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2591:
2590:External links
2588:
2586:
2585:
2568:
2543:
2518:
2507:. 17 July 2022
2492:
2479:
2464:
2447:
2433:
2413:
2388:
2361:
2340:
2314:
2288:
2262:
2235:
2206:
2177:
2155:
2125:
2114:on 4 July 2012
2096:
2070:
2037:
2012:
1983:
1961:
1939:
1889:
1864:
1838:
1812:
1793:
1786:
1766:
1761:The New Yorker
1748:
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1664:
1650:
1648:
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1146:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1067:
1064:
1055:
1052:
1030:
1027:
1021:in the US and
1009:
1006:
996:
993:
987:Groundskeeping
966:
963:
939:Pitch and putt
919:Pitch and putt
917:Main article:
914:
913:Pitch and putt
911:
899:Champions Tour
892:miniature golf
883:
882:
881:
880:
869:Pitch and Putt
857:
840:
837:
775:Main article:
772:
769:
767:
764:
759:
758:Signature hole
756:
732:Main article:
729:
726:
692:Main article:
689:
686:
539:
536:
469:
466:
442:Main article:
439:
436:
406:
403:
402:
401:
400:
399:
396:
393:
390:
381:
380:
379:
378:
375:
372:
369:
327:Main article:
324:
321:
264:
261:
219:
216:
135:
134:
117:September 2011
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4262:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4225:
4224:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4165:Driving range
4163:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3980:
3975:
3973:
3968:
3966:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3892:Golf Magazine
3889:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3872:personalities
3870:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3831:Shotgun start
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3746:Lowest rounds
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:Miscellaneous
3685:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3547:United States
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3477:Jack Nicklaus
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3382:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:European Tour
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:Pacific Games
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3084:International
3082:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:The Tradition
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2911:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:organizations
2834:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Driving range
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2739:teeing ground
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2532:
2531:golfsaudi.com
2528:
2522:
2519:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2436:
2430:
2427:. Sasquatch.
2426:
2425:
2417:
2414:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2362:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2289:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2251:on 2 May 2015
2250:
2246:
2239:
2236:
2224:
2223:History Today
2220:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2195:
2194:sportscotland
2188:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2134:"Open Venues"
2129:
2126:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2041:
2038:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2000:
1995:
1987:
1984:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1852:
1851:Sporting News
1848:
1842:
1839:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1807:Golf Magazine
1804:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1737:on 6 May 2021
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1698:
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1608:
1607:
1601:
1596:
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1567:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1548:
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1539:
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1531:
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1525:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1496:
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1480:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1434:required for
1433:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1407:
1404:
1396:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1370:This section
1368:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1274:South Africa
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
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1240:
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1228:
1224:
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1202:
1199:
1196:
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1191:
1188:
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1184:
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1177:
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1152:
1151:
1147:
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1141:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:Golf Courses
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:United States
1073:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1026:
1025:in Scotland.
1024:
1020:
1016:
1007:
1005:
1003:
994:
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3801:Hickory golf
3721:Greenskeeper
3386:golf courses
3276:Male golfers
3191:Island Games
2915:Triple Crown
2812:Country club
2728:
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2559:. Retrieved
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2527:"Golf Saudi"
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2375:Deseret News
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2327:Deseret News
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2317:
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2249:the original
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2061:. Retrieved
2057:the original
2050:
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2024:
2015:
2003:. Retrieved
2001:. p. 56
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1986:
1974:. Retrieved
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1932:16 September
1930:. Retrieved
1923:the original
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1829:. Retrieved
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1379:Please help
1374:verification
1371:
1318:Netherlands
1285:New Zealand
1208:South Korea
1071:
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1047:Pebble Beach
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59:Please help
54:verification
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4223:WikiProject
4170:Golf course
4144:Ball washer
4070:Accessories
4061:Waterproofs
4020:Ball marker
3926:Video games
3885:Golf Digest
3806:Indoor golf
3736:USGA Museum
3527:Philippines
3482:Donald Ross
3460:by designer
3436:Philippines
3181:Asian Games
3140:Solheim Cup
2850:The R&A
2796:Instruction
2729:Golf course
2682:stroke play
2511:13 November
2440:17 November
2255:25 February
2228:25 February
2199:25 February
2030:12 November
1543:Coober Pedy
1520:The Bahamas
1509:Philippines
1505:land-reform
1444:fertilizers
1104:South Korea
798:Old English
792:Links is a
787:Netherlands
670:stimp meter
613:to make a "
532:Zoysiagrass
438:Teeing area
427:7 = fairway
166:golf course
4239:Categories
4149:Stimpmeter
4097:Headcovers
4056:Golf glove
4051:Golf shoes
4046:Plus fours
4041:Polo shirt
4000:Golf clubs
3899:Golf World
3851:Urban golf
3846:Speed golf
3836:Skins game
3811:Long drive
3781:Beach golf
3773:Variations
3751:Furyk's 58
3699:Architects
3414:by country
3393:by feature
3323:Asian Tour
3319:Most wins
3149:World Cup
3145:Walker Cup
3100:Curtis Cup
2970:Claret Jug
2910:Grand Slam
2805:Facilities
2784:Golf swing
2756:golf clubs
2707:Stableford
2687:match play
2536:8 December
2349:"Sân golf"
1950:. Usga.org
1907:St Andrews
1647:References
1588:, Finland.
1473:grey water
1440:pesticides
1436:irrigation
1296:Argentina
1175:Australia
1060:golf clubs
1039:Carnoustie
1035:St Andrews
1023:Gleneagles
1008:Commercial
969:See also:
818:St Andrews
802:sand dunes
542:See also:
516:bent grass
355:Under the
319:elements.
307:, and the
228:St Andrews
224:Old Course
184:and other
154:Baltic Sea
149:Wittenbeck
147:Golfplatz
87:newspapers
4123:Golf cart
4005:Golf ball
3841:Snow golf
3821:Park golf
3796:GolfCross
3786:Disc golf
3583:2000–2003
3578:1945–1999
3573:1851–1945
3568:1353–1850
3507:Australia
3500:Countries
3358:LPGA Tour
3135:Ryder Cup
2950:U.S. Open
2836:Governing
2817:Golf club
2777:Technical
2761:golf ball
2751:Equipment
2717:penalties
2697:foursomes
2692:four-ball
2677:etiquette
2052:About.com
2025:USA Today
2005:11 August
1547:astroturf
1513:Indonesia
1488:equipment
1477:bioswales
1421:Grindavík
1393:July 2022
1340:Thailand
1230:Scotland
1092:Australia
1029:Municipal
1019:Pinehurst
839:Executive
658:water hog
624:Poa annua
615:chip shot
524:rye grass
433:10 = hole
419:3 = rough
279:, Finland
237:In 2009,
4199:Category
4180:Pro shop
4107:Umbrella
4034:Clothing
4010:Golf bag
3944:Category
3906:Golfweek
3791:Footgolf
3542:Thailand
3537:Scotland
3441:Portugal
3384:Lists of
3363:PGA Tour
3229:Rankings
2880:PGA Tour
2827:Pro shop
2722:playoffs
2712:handicap
2662:Glossary
2650:Overview
2599:Archived
2505:euronews
1635:See also
1563:Gallery
1457:Diazinon
1448:wetlands
1307:Denmark
1263:Ireland
1186:Germany
1164:England
1120:Country
1112:Scotland
1043:Bethpage
794:Scottish
405:Features
277:Hyvinkää
232:Scotland
208:pro shop
202:, often
18:Fairways
4211:Commons
4158:Related
3522:Ireland
3426:Iceland
3268:Golfers
3258:Amateur
3158:Women's
2744:hazards
2702:scoring
2667:Outline
2657:History
2381:22 June
2307:4 April
2281:4 April
2148:16 July
2118:16 July
2089:16 July
2079:"Links"
1976:2 March
1882:26 June
1857:26 June
1826:Esquire
1741:16 June
1586:Tampere
1501:tourism
1219:Sweden
1197:France
1153:Canada
1137:43.10%
1134:16,752
1096:Germany
1088:England
995:Private
943:amateur
933:England
713:penalty
688:Hazards
591:
587:
579:
575:
488:fairway
344:to the
218:History
204:coastal
186:hazards
178:fairway
174:tee box
158:Germany
152:at the
101:scholar
3879:GolfTV
3704:Caddie
3694:Awards
3532:Russia
3446:Sweden
3421:Canada
3246:top 10
3086:events
3020:Senior
2960:venues
2906:Majors
2561:10 May
2431:
2406:10 May
2354:3 July
2333:3 July
2063:6 July
1954:23 May
1878:. USGA
1784:
1528:Bimini
1346:0.81%
1335:0.83%
1329:Italy
1324:0.85%
1313:0.89%
1302:0.90%
1291:1.08%
1280:1.26%
1269:1.27%
1258:1.28%
1252:Spain
1247:1.54%
1241:China
1236:1.58%
1225:1.70%
1214:2.05%
1203:2.07%
1192:2.70%
1189:1,050
1181:4.16%
1178:1,616
1170:5.84%
1167:2,270
1159:6.77%
1156:2,633
1148:8.15%
1145:3,169
1142:Japan
1108:Sweden
1100:France
1084:Canada
1072:38,864
985:, and
959:putter
941:is an
877:putter
873:wedges
816:as at
633:stolon
606:fringe
593:placed
583:often
569:putter
538:Greens
530:, and
383:Women
303:, the
273:Kytäjä
263:Design
180:, the
103:
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74:
4137:Other
4102:Towel
4090:Laser
3913:Links
3860:Media
3561:Years
3552:Wales
3517:India
3512:China
3431:India
3400:Links
3253:Women
3241:No 1s
3153:Men's
2982:Women
2789:drive
2734:links
2672:Rules
2580:(PDF)
2486:U.S.
2460:GCSAA
2190:(PDF)
1926:(PDF)
1903:(PDF)
1660:SGH18
1080:Japan
955:clubs
946:sport
771:Links
766:Types
565:green
493:rough
350:putts
200:links
182:rough
108:JSTOR
94:books
3678:2022
3673:2021
3668:2020
3663:2019
3658:2018
3653:2017
3648:2016
3643:2015
3638:2014
3633:2013
3628:2012
3623:2011
3618:2010
3613:2009
3608:2008
3603:2007
3598:2006
3593:2005
3588:2004
3093:Team
2875:LPGA
2643:Golf
2563:2023
2538:2023
2513:2023
2442:2022
2429:ISBN
2408:2023
2383:2022
2356:2023
2335:2023
2309:2024
2283:2024
2257:2015
2230:2015
2201:2015
2168:EPPA
2150:2012
2120:2012
2091:2012
2065:2022
2032:2016
2007:2023
1978:2009
1956:2018
1934:2008
1917:and
1911:Fife
1884:2022
1859:2022
1833:2015
1782:ISBN
1743:2020
1526:and
1511:and
1468:USGA
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170:golf
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