Fair Deal - Knowledge (XXG)

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local government workers were provided with the option of joining the system. Survivor's benefits were increased and expanded, and Social Security benefits were increased significantly for current beneficiaries by 77.5%. Changes were also made to increase the progressivity of benefits. Another amendment granted wage credits toward all Social Security benefits for military service performed between September 1940 and July 1947.

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While the legislation favored middle-class communities because it required local financial contributions, it channeled federal funds to poor communities, thus raising hospital standards and equity in access to quality care. The program required hospitals assisted by federal funding to provide emergency treatment to the uninsured and a reasonable volume of free or reduced cost care to poor Americans.

1159:(NAACP), which marked the first time a sitting president had ever addressed the group, Truman said "Every man should have the right to a decent home, the right to an education, the right to adequate medical care, the right to a worthwhile job, the right to an equal share in the making of public decisions through the ballot, and the right to a fair trial in a fair court." 676: 1092:

provided new grants for planning state and local public works and plugged the long-standing merger loophole in the Clayton Act...Moreover, as protector, as defender, wielder of the veto against encroachments on the liberal preserve, Truman left a record of considerable success – an aspect of the Fair Deal not to be discounted.

1167:, Truman had to be content with civil rights' gains achieved by executive order or through the federal courts. Vaughan argues that by continuing appeals to Congress for civil rights legislation, Truman helped reverse the long acceptance of segregation and discrimination by establishing integration as a moral principle. 802:

its advocacy of wide-ranging social legislation, the Fair Deal differed enough to claim a separate identity. The Depression did not return after the war and the Fair Deal had to contend with prosperity and an optimistic future. The Fair Dealers thought in terms of abundance rather than depression scarcity. Economist

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the President, and the joint Committee on the Economic report in Congress." Under the Employment Act, within two decades following its passage, swift measures taken by the Federal Reserve authorities and by the administration in charge held in check four recessions, those of 1948–49, 1953–54, 1957–58, and 1960–61.

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The Agricultural Act (1949) maintained price supports at 90% of parity. The Act also made certain donated commodities acquired through price-support operations by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) available for distribution to local public welfare organizations serving poor Americans, the Bureau

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The Federal Coal Mine Safety Act of 1952 provided for annual inspections in certain underground coal mines, and provided the Bureau with limited enforcement authority, including the power to issue violation notices and imminent danger withdrawal orders. The Act also authorized the assessment of civil

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created a clear legal obligation on the part of the federal government to use all practical means 'to promote maximum employment, production, and purchasing power.' The Act also established "the basic core of machinery for such economic planning – the Council of Economic Advisers working directly for

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The Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act and Railroad Retirement Act amendments (1946) established monthly survivor benefits and sickness and maternity benefits for railroad employees. The Social Security Act was also amended by the provision making wages in railroad employment applicable for survivor

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argued that the Fair Deal reflected the "vital center" approach to liberalism which rejected totalitarianism, was suspicious of excessive concentrations of government power, and honored the New Deal as an effort to achieve a "democratic socialist society." Solidly based upon the New Deal tradition in

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A law of January the 10th 1951, as noted by one study, "authorized deductions pursuant to the written consent of seamen, to be held in trust for the establishment of benefits for the sole use of seamen or their families for the purpose of providing medical and hospital care, retirement or survivors'

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As President, he put forward many civil rights programs but they were met with a lot of resistance by southern Democrats. All his legislative proposals were blocked. However, he used presidential executive orders to end discrimination in the armed forces and denied government contracts to firms with

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Truman's Fair Deal reclamation program called for expanded public distribution of federally produced electric power and endorsed restrictions on the amount of land an owner could irrigate from federal water projects. Lobbying efforts by privately owned power companies prevented the spread of public

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Dean shows that the major Fair Deal initiative, the "Brannan Plan" proposed by Secretary of Agriculture Brannan, failed in Congress because Truman delayed too long in presenting it before Congress and it lost initiative and because he never consulted with top leaders in farm legislation. A separate

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The Omnibus Medical Research Act (1950) authorized the establishment of the Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness and the transmutation of the Experimental Biology and medical Institute into the much larger Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. The legislation also empowered the

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clearance. Poverty was also significantly reduced, with one estimate suggesting that the percentage of Americans living in poverty had fallen from 33% of the population in 1949 to 28% by 1952. Incomes had risen faster than prices, which meant that real living standards were considerably higher than

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Although Truman was unable to implement his Fair Deal program in its entirety, a great deal of social and economic progress took place in the late forties and early fifties. A census report confirmed that gains in housing, education, living standards, and income under the Truman administration were

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The Fair Deal faced opposition by a coalition of conservative Republicans and predominantly southern conservative Democrats. However, despite strong opposition, there were elements of Truman's agenda that did win congressional approval, such as the public housing subsidies cosponsored by Republican

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The Social Security Act of 1950 increased welfare benefits, extended the coverage of Social Security to elderly Americans, and raised the minimum wage. These benefits appealed to both middle-class and working-class Americans. Farm and domestic employees and nonfarm self-employed persons came to be

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The research construction provisions of the Appropriations Act for FY 1948 provided funds "for the acquisition of a site, and the preparation of plans, specifications, and drawings, for additional research buildings and a 600-bed clinical research hospital and necessary accessory buildings related

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This was the Congress that reformed the Displaced Persons Act, increased the minimum wage, doubled the hospital construction program, authorized the National Science Foundation and the rural telephone program, suspended the 'sliding scale' on price supports, extended the soil conservation program,

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The Housing Act of 1950 enlarged and liberalized the loan guarantee privileges of Second World War veterans by administering a direct loan program for those veterans who were unable to acquire private home financing. The legislation also authorized a program of mortgage insurance for co-operative

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established a federal program of financial assistance for the modernization and construction of hospital facilities. The program brought national standards and financing to local hospitals, and raised standards of medical care throughout the United States during the course of the 1950s and 1960s.

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The Social Security Act of 1952 increased benefits under the old-age and survivors insurance program, extended the period of wage credits for military service through December 31, 1953, liberalized the retirement test and raised the retirement test from $ 50 to $ 75 a month. The legislation also

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to seamen with wartime Federal employment. Permission was given to States, with employee contributions under their unemployment insurance laws, to use such funds for temporary disability insurance benefits. There would also be greater Federal sharing in public assistance payments for a specified

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Throughout 1950, more than thirty major changes were made to Social Security. Compulsory coverage was extended to residents of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, federal employees not covered by federal pensions, domestic servants, most self-employed workers, and agricultural workers. State and

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Truman did not send proposed legislation to Congress; he expected Congress to draft the bills. Many of these proposed reforms, however, were never realized due to the opposition of the conservative majority in Congress, further solidified after the Republicans took control of both houses in the

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established school lunch programs across the United States, with the purpose of safeguarding "the health and well-being of the nation's children and to encourage the consumption of agricultural abundance". This legislation introduced the provision of commodity donations and federal grants for

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The Social Security Act was amended in 1946 to provide survivor benefits to the dependents of World War II veterans who died within three years of having been discharged from the military. The amendments considered veterans of the Second World War to be fully insured under Social Security for

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Note: This listing contains reforms drawn up by the Truman Administration together with reforms drawn up by individual Congressmen. The latter have been included because it is arguable that the progressive nature of these reforms (such as the Water Pollution Law, which was partly a Republican

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covered for first time under the Social Security Old-Age Insurance pension program. As a result of these changes, an additional 10.5 million Americans were covered by Social Security. According to one historian the 1950 act "was almost as significant as the original 1935 legislation."

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The Federal Impacted Areas Aid Program (1950) authorized federal aid to school districts in which "large numbers of federal employees and tax-exempt federal property create either a substantial increase in public school enrollments or a significant reduction in local property tax

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The Hospital Survey and Construction Amendments of 1949 raised the amount of federal funding available and raised the federal share of hospital construction to two-thirds. These amendments made it possible for less-wealthy communities to benefit from the Hill-Burton Act of

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Finally, Truman announced that he would soon "communicate with the Congress recommending a national health program to provide adequate medical care for all Americans and to protect them from financial loss and hardships resulting from illness and accident." (See the

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Following the outbreak of the Korean War aid was provided for current expenses and for the construction of additional school facilities in districts which had become centers of wartime activity and were overwhelmed by the arrival of military personnel and their

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The Internal Revenue Code and the Social Security Act were amended (1945) in order to extend coverage to all employees of the Bonneville Power Administration who were not covered under the Federal Civil Service Retirement Act and therefore had no retirement

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In September 1945, Truman addressed Congress and presented a 21-point program of domestic legislation outlining a series of proposed actions in the fields of economic development and social welfare. The measures that Truman proposed to Congress included:

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By 1953, 62 million Americans had jobs, a gain of 11 million in seven years, while unemployment had all but vanished. Farm income, dividends, and corporate income were at all-time highs, and there had not been a failure of an insured bank in nearly nine

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The Social Security Act was amended (1952) to extend for another year "the time within which State Governments could make agreements that were retroactive to January 1, 1951, for old-age and survivors insurance coverage of State and local Government

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The Social Security Act was amended (1946) to provide coverage to private maritime employees under State unemployment insurance, monthly benefits under old age and survivors insurance for survivors of certain World War II veterans, and temporary

1087:. According to Eric Leif Davin, the 1949–50 Congress 'was the most liberal Congress since 1938 and produced more "New-Deal-Fair Deal" legislation than any Congress between 1938 and Johnson's Great Society of the mid-1960s." As noted by one study 1299:

Under Truman, many adjustments were made to the social welfare system, although one of his key aims, to extend Social Security coverage to 25 million Americans, was never accomplished. Despite this, 10 million received Social Security coverage.

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The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act (1949) provided the Federal Security Administrator with the authority to dispose of surplus Federal property to nonprofit or tax-supported educational institutions for health or educational

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The Veterans' regulations were amended (1945) to provide increased rates of pension for certain service-incurred disabilities, generally on a parity with rates payable for similar disabilities under the World War I Veterans' Act, 1924, as

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The National Institute of Dental Research was authorized by the National Dental Research Act (1948) to "conduct, assist, and foster dental research; provide training; and cooperate with the states in the prevention and control of dental

1060:. However, the Fair Deal faced much opposition from the many conservative politicians who wanted a reduced role of the federal government. During these postwar years, the nation enjoyed a return to prosperity not seen since before the 1475:

penalties against mine operators for refusing to give inspectors access to mine property or for noncompliance with withdrawal orders, although no provision was made for monetary penalties for noncompliance with the safety provisions.

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A law was approved (1949) which authorized appropriations for the Federal Security Administrator to meet the emergency needs of crippled children for fiscal year 1949, in addition to funds authorized under the Social Security

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of Indian Affairs, and school lunch programs. It also authorized the CCC "to pay for added processing, packaging, and handling costs for foods acquired under price support so that recipient outlets could more fully use them".

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The Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) was amended in 1946 to permit states where employees made contributions under the unemployment insurance program to use some or all of these contributions for the payment of disability

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The Federal Housing Administration's mortgage insurance programs were liberalized, authorizing a program of limited technical research and setting up a new program for guaranteeing a minimum yield on direct investments in

927:. Despite these setbacks, Truman's proposals to Congress became more and more abundant over the course of his presidency, and by 1948 a legislative program that was more comprehensive came to be known as the "Fair Deal". 1572:

was a major legislative accomplishment stemming from the collaboration of the Fair Deal supporters with conservative leader Senator Taft. This led to the allocation of federal funds to go towards 800,000 units of public

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The National Heart Act (1948) authorized the National Heart Institute to assist, conduct, and foster research, provide training, and to provide help to the states in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of heart

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A law as passed (1947) under which certain aged recipients of assistance could continue, until July 1949, to care for the sick or work for wages on a farm without having such wages jeopardize their assistance

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The Farmers Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (1948) stabilized, supported and protected farm incomes and prices, assisted in maintaining adequate supplies, and facilitated an orderly distribution of

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A previous Railway Labour Act was amended by a law effective January the 10th 1951, "to permit carriers and employees covered by the act to bargain collectively for a union shop and check-off of union dues."

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Surgeon General to establish additional institutes when he felt that they were necessary, and also to 'conduct and support research and research training relating to other diseases and groups of diseases.'

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The School Construction Act (Public Law 815) authorized a 3-year program "calling for the construction of critically needed school facilities in those school districts overburdened by Federal activities."

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Laws were enacting permitting the payment to veterans of retroactive benefits during hospitalization, while a time extension was enacted for filling in certain cases claiming benefit and compensation.

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On November 19, 1945, Truman spent a Special Message to Congress recommending the adoption and funding of "a comprehensive and modern health program for the Nation, consisting of five major parts":

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to Congress on January 5, 1949, Truman stated that "Every segment of our population, and every individual, has a right to expect from his government a fair deal." The proposed measures included:

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The Durham-Humphrey Amendment (1951) defined "the kinds of drugs that cannot be safely used without medical supervision and restricts their sale to prescription by a licensed practitioner."

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Grants to states for public assistance to needy individuals, those who were totally and permanently disabled, and also to maternal and child welfare services, were broadened and increased.

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An act for the rehabilitation of the Navajo and Hopi tribes of Indians was approved (1950), which included a provision to increase the Federal participation in public assistance payments.

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The Civil Service Retirement Act of 1930 was amended (1945) to provide retirement credit, in computing length of service, to persons who left Government service to enter the armed forces.

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was defeated by strong conservative opposition in Congress and by his unrealistic confidence in the possibility uniting urban labor and farm owners who distrusted rural insurgency. The

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A bill was approved (1947) which extended to July 1949 the time in which income from nursing service and agricultural labor could be disregarded in making old age assistance payments.

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The Judiciary and Judicial Procedure Act of 1948 prohibited employers from intimidating, discharging, threatening to discharge, or coercing permanent employees for serving jury duty.

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The Farmers Home Administration was established (1946) to assist self-help rural housing groups as well as to make grants and loans for the repair and construction of rural homes.

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was established (1946), becoming one of the "world's largest and most respected cooperative educational programs for the interchange of graduate students, teachers, and scholars."

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Congressional Record PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 81ST CONGRESS SECOND SESSION Appendix VOLUME 96-PART 18 SEPTEMBER 23, 1950, TO JANUARY 2, 1951 (PAGES A6879 TO A8014), P.A7100

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Congressional Record PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 81ST CONGRESS SECOND SESSION Appendix VOLUME 96-PART 18 SEPTEMBER 23, 1950, TO JANUARY 2, 1951 (PAGES A6879 TO A8014), P.A7110

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Congressional Record PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 81ST CONGRESS SECOND SESSION Appendix VOLUME 96-PART 18 SEPTEMBER 23, 1950, TO JANUARY 2, 1951 (PAGES A6879 TO A8014), P.A7107

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The Federal Employees Pay Act (1946) brought about a 14% increase in the base pay of most Government workers whose positions were subjected to the Classification Act of 1923.

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The Social Security Act was amended (1952) to grant wage credits toward Social Security benefits for each month of military service after July 1947 and before January 1954.

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Nevertheless, some of the Fair Deal's progressive policies were enacted piecemeal by legislation during Truman's time in office, and further enactments continued under the

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In September 1950, benefits began to be paid to dependent husbands, dependent widowers, wives under the age of sixty-five with children in their care, and divorced wives.

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The Water Pollution Law (1948) provided funds for sewage treatment system and pollution research while empowering the Justice Department to file suit against polluters.

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utilities. Political pressure and conflicts with the Budget Bureau and the Army Corps of Engineers kept the Bureau of Reclamation from enforcing the excess land law.

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A law was signed (1949), which extended for one year to June 1950 reconversion and unemployment benefits for seamen provided by Title XIII of the Social Security Act.

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A law was signed (1952) which increased sickness and unemployment benefits for railroad workers by 30% to 60%, and was financed by a payroll levy on the railroads.

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De Luna, Phyllis Komarek. Public Versus Private Power During the Truman Administration : a Study of Fair Deal Liberalism. New York: Peter Lang, 1997. 35–36.

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period, and larger grants were to be provided for maternal and child health and child welfare, as well as the extension of these programs to the Virgin Islands.

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The federal government funded scholarships and loans for nursing students and provided aid to medical schools in order to meet the growing need for caregivers.

4913: 3994: 3306: 3295: 2049: 770:. They were all debated at length, then voted down. Nevertheless, enough smaller and less controversial items passed that liberals could claim some success. 1503:

As Donaldson notes, the major proposal for large-scale federal aid to education "died quickly, mostly over whether aid should be given to private schools."

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The McGuire Act (1952) strengthened fair trade laws by enabling manufacturers to extend price maintenance even to retailers "who refused to sign contracts."

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The Fair Deal reforms helped to transform the United States from a wartime economy to a peacetime economy. In the context of postwar reconstruction and the

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The Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1949 introduced various provisions designed to "assure the health, efficiency and general well-being of workers."

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The promotion of the sale of ships to remove the uncertainty regarding the disposal of America's large surplus tonnage following the end of hostilities.

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During the Truman years, the role of the federal government in the field of housing provision was extended, with one major reform in particular (the

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was directed by Congress to investigate the application of atomic research to cancer therapies, providing some $ 5 million for this purpose (1950).

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Anderson Act was signed in 1949 that had more in common with the Republican-sponsored Agricultural Act of 1948 than Secretary Brannan's plan did.

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The Veteran's Readjustment Assistance Act (1952) included provisions for unemployment compensation for veterans under a uniform Federal formula.

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non-profit milk and lunches in private and public schools. The program had the strong support of conservative Congressmen from rural districts.

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The removal of the restrictions on eligibility for voluntary enlistment and allowing the armed forces to enlist a greater number of volunteers.

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wanted to unleash the benefits of agricultural abundance and to encourage the development of an urban-rural Democratic coalition. However, the

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The Disaster Loan Act (1949) made farmers who experienced severe crop losses due to natural disasters eligible for special low-interest loans.

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argued that the liberal task was to spread the benefits of abundance throughout society by stimulating economic growth. Agriculture Secretary

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A pragmatic approach towards drafting legislation eliminating wartime agencies and wartime controls, taking legal difficulties into account.

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changed, for a two-year period, the grant formula for public assistance payments in order to make additional funds available to the States.

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purposes of survivor benefits, even if they had not completed the required number of quarters of covered employment under Social Security.

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Legislation to bring about the acquisition and retention of stockpiles of materials necessary for meeting the defense needs of the nation.

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made military spending the nation's priority and killed almost the entire Fair Deal, but did encourage the pursuit of economic growth.

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Boyer, Paul S. Promises to Keep: The United States since World war II, page 79. Second ed. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1999

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Funding was authorized for research and demonstration relating to the coordination, utilization, and development of hospital services.

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benefits had been doubled, and eight million veterans had attended college by the end of the Truman administration as a result of the

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racially discriminatory practices. He also named African Americans to federal posts. Except for nondiscrimination provisions of the

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Yerkes Observatory, 1892–1950: the birth, near death, and resurrection of a scientific research institution by Donald E. Osterbrock

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Variations of the Welfare State: Great Britain, Sweden, France and Germany between Capitalism and Socialism by Franz-Xaver Kaufmann

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A law was passed (1948) which increased certain benefits payable under the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers Compensation Act.

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From Prairie Farmer to Entrepreneur: The Transformation of Midwestern Agriculture by Dennis Sven Nordin and Roy Vernon Scott

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The Social Security Act was amended (1950) to provide a new category of state aid to the totally and permanently disabled.

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Depression to Cold War: A History of America from Herbert Hoover to Ronald Reagan by Joseph M. Siracusa, David G. Coleman

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The maintenance and extension of price controls to keep down the cost of living in the transition to a peacetime economy.

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housing projects, a program of technical aid, and a new program of mortgage insurance for low-priced new rural housing.

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The Federal Employees' Compensation Act Amendments of 1949 broadened the coverage of the act while increasing benefits.

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Funding for the Reclamation Bureau's hydroelectric, water control, and irrigation projects in the west was increased.

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Appropriations for the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Rural Electrification Administration were increased (1950).

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was established (1947), promising co-ordination of the principal nonfarm housing functions of the federal government.

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Compulsory contribution to Social Security was expanded (in principle) to all dependent employees and workers (1946).

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A bill was signed which authorized federal agencies to provide minor medical and dental services to employees (1945).

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Children and Youth in America: A Documentary History, Volume III, 1933–1973, Parts 5–7, edited by Robert H. Bremner

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during his 1912 run for office as a Progressive Party candidate; included provision for a national health service

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The Federal Housing and Rent Act (1947) was passed to encourage the construction of new rental housing in cities.

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The Civil Service Retirement Act was amended (1948) to provide protection for the survivors of Federal employees.

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The introduction of a decent pay scale for all Federal Government employees—executive, legislative, and judicial.

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Funding the Modern American State, 1941–1995: The Rise and Fall of the Era of Easy Finance by W. Elliot Brownlee

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Annual Statistical Supplement, 2006 – Temporary Disability Insurance Program Description and Legislative History

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MOBILIZING LABOR FOR DEFENSE Labor Yearbook Vol. 1, THIRTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF LABOR, P.131

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Despite a mixed record of legislative success, the Fair Deal remains significant in establishing the call for

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A program was established to fund payments to medical vendors for care of aged persons on low incomes (1950).

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controlling Congress, only a few of its major initiatives became law and then only if they had considerable

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The new public health: an introduction for the 21st century by Theodore H. Tulchinsky and Elena Varavikova

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Harry S. Truman: Special Message to the Congress Presenting a 21-Point Program for the Reconversion Period

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The Aid to Families with Dependent Children program was expanded to include support for caregivers (1950).

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The extension of the United States Employment Service to provide jobs for demobilized military personnel.

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The New International Year Book by Frank Moore Colby, Allen Leon Churchill, Herbert Treadwell Wade, 1947

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Truman to Carter: A post-War History of the United States of America by Peter J. Mooney and Colin Brown

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Selling the Lower East Side: culture, real estate, and resistance in New York City by Christopher Mele

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Healthcare reform in America: a reference handbook by Jennie J. Kronenfeld and Michael R. Kronenfeld

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The Railroad Retirement Act was amended (1948) to increase certain survivor and retirement benefits.

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administrations, culminating in the sweeping tide of progressive legislation under Lyndon Johnson's

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Beyond the liberal consensus: a political history of the United States since 1965 by Iwan W. Morgan

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Alonzo L. Hamby, "The Vital Center, the Fair Deal, and the Quest for a Liberal Political Economy",

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Millions of homes had been financed through previous government programs, and a start was made in

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Control And Sensing Of Environmental Quality edited by R. Swarup, S. N. Mishra, and V. P. Jauhari

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Virgil W. Dean, "Charles F. Brannan and the rise and fall of Truman's 'Fair Deal' for farmers,"

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America in the twentieth century: a study of the United States since 1917 by David Keith Adams

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Child labor was finally prohibited through an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act(1949).

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However, a number of other public-health initiatives were enacted during Truman's presidency:

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Citizenship and participation in the information age by Manjunath Pendakur and Roma M. Harris

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The National Science Foundation was established to support education and research in science.

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A law was passed (1948) which raised railroad pensions by 20%, yet reduced taxes on payrolls.

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Charles C. Brown, "Robert A. Taft, Champion of Public Housing and National Aid to Schools,"

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Boosting paychecks: the politics of supporting America's working poor by Daniel P. Gitterman

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http://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/History/downloads/presidentcmsmilestones.pdf

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A loan program was authorized (1949) for expanding and improving rural telephone facilities.

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Long-term low-interest loans to colleges for dormitory construction were authorized (1950).

4343: 4146: 3864: 3433: 3390: 3272: 3109: 3081: 2965: 2850: 2756: 2737: 2684: 2254: 1739: 1238: 1131: 803: 724: 506: 249: 227: 143: 123: 95: 75: 28: 3093:

The economics of crop insurance and disaster aid by Barry K. Goodwin and Vincent H. Smith

3007:

Dictionary of American history by Michael Rheta Martin, Leonard Gelber, and Leo Lieberman

2977:

A more perfect union: advancing new American rights by Jesse Jackson and Frank E. Watkins

2844: 1926: 1629:

Legislation was approved (1952) which increased veteran's compensation and pension rates.

1736:– Franklin Roosevelt's signature program of economic reforms during the Great Depression 1471:

The first code of federal regulations for mine safety was authorized by Congress (1947).

1080:

and the construction of 810,000 units of low-income housing over a period of six years.

846:

Major improvements in the coverage and adequacy of the unemployment compensation system.

4367: 4075: 3462: 3395: 2084: 2067: 1743: 1561: 1069: 898: 511: 491: 481: 371: 351: 232: 70: 3130:

Charles Coate, "The New School of Thought: Reclamation and the Fair Deal, 1945–1953,"

2548:

Blame welfare, ignore poverty and inequality by Joel F. Handler and Yeheskel Hasenfeld

1491:

pensions, life insurance, unemployment benefits, and sickness or disability benefits."

1130:. In fact, according to one historian, Truman had "done more than any President since 4932: 4363: 4218: 3551: 1991: 1547:$ 23 million was appropriated for school operating expenses under P.L. 81-874 (1950). 1033: 830: 451: 406: 366: 361: 266: 46: 4358: 3400: 3190: 3074: 2958: 2798: 2677: 2020:

President Truman (1947). "President Truman's Address to the NAACP, June 28, 1947".

1330:

Federal financial participation of public assistance payments was increased (1946).

1287:

A National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness was established (1950).

1103: 998: 811: 798: 421: 341: 336: 20: 1016:

a $ 4 billion tax increase to reduce the national debt and finance these programs.

663: 2918:

When federalism works by Paul E. Peterson, Barry George Rabe, and Kenneth K. Wong

1541:$ 96.5 million was appropriated for school construction under P.L. 81-815 (1950). 1052:, the Fair Deal sought to preserve and extend the liberal tradition of President 897:

The encouragement of post-war reconstruction and settling the obligations of the

4433: 4338: 4140: 3922: 2749: 2499:

America's wealth: the economic history of an open society by Peter d'Alroy Jones

2161: 1778:

Richard E. Neustadt, "Congress and the Fair Deal: A Legislative Balance Sheet",

1759: 1662:

The Agricultural Act (1948) introduced a more flexible system of price supports.

1284:

A National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases was established (1950).

992: 894:

A major expansion of public works, conserving and building up natural resources.

648: 539: 346: 85: 1655:

A Conservation of Wildlife Act was passed (1946) to protect wildlife resources.

1618:

Veterans benefits were non-controversial, and won support from left and right.

1514:

The George-Barden Act (1946) expanded federal support for vocational education.

1126:

of both the federal civil Service and the armed forces and the creation of the

4428: 4015: 3582: 2350:

Legislative Chronology – The NIH Almanac – National Institutes of Health (NIH)

2034:

Philip H. Vaughan, "The Truman Administration's Fair Deal for Black America,"

1964:

Crucible of Freedom: Workers' Democracy in the Industrial Heartland, 1914–1960

815: 779: 626: 471: 60: 2730: 2656: 2319:

The theory and practice of American National Government by Carl Brent Swisher

1224:

authorized federal support for mental health research and treatment programs.

782:

populist tradition, Truman was determined to both continue the legacy of the

2296:

The changing federal role in U.S. health care policy by Jennie J. Kronenfeld

1327:

The admissions numbers for displaced persons were doubled to 400,000 (1950).

1324:

admitted individuals who were victims of persecution by the Nazi government.

1111: 190: 100: 2536: 2093: 1603:

Rent controls were extended (1951) to cover previously exempted categories.

1195:

Protection against loss of wages through sickness and disability through a

1122:

seven years earlier. Progress had also been made in civil rights, with the

731:. More generally, the term characterizes the entire domestic agenda of the 2449: 1609:

Appropriations for the Farmer's Home Administration were increased (1950).

1481:

The number of employees covered by the federal minimum wage was increased.

1438:

A new Fair Labor Standards Act established a 75-cent-an-hour minimum wage.

849:

Substantial increases in the minimum wage, together with broader coverage.

4348: 2873:

Digest of Education Statistics, 2008 by Thomas D. Snyder, Sally A. Dillow

2485:

Statistical handbook on the social safety net by Fernando Francisco Padró

2275:

The U.S. healthcare certificate of need sourcebook by Robert James Cimasi

1733: 1465:

The Wagner-Peyser Act was extended to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

1057: 1049: 956: 950: 783: 736: 569: 486: 205: 2986:

America: A Narrative History by George Brian Tindall and David Emory Shi

1579:

The Housing and Rent Act (1949) extended federal rent control authority.

1421:

A bill was passed (1952) which raised Social Security benefits by 12.5%.

3216: 2421: 2226: 1816: 313: 80: 2634:

Robert Ball and the Politics of Social Security by Edward D. Berkowitz

2697:

Annual digest of state and federal labor legislation 1948–1949, P.132

2433:

A new deal for social security By Peter J. Ferrara and Michael Tanner

1896:

Truman delivers his Fair Deal speech –This Day in History – 1/5/1949

1304:

The Federal Railroad Disability Insurance program was enacted (1946).

1192:

program, covering medical, hospital, nursing, and laboratory services

861:

Legislation to make the Fair Employment Practice Committee permanent.

544: 3208: 1040:

that Johnson successfully pushed through Congress during the 1960s.

3143:

A Brief History of the United States since 1945 by Robert D. Marcus

3241: 1468:

Moderate tax relief for low-income earners was passed by Congress.

1234:

introduced regulations on the use of pesticide in food production.

3180:

Conflict and Crisis: The Presidency of Harry S. Truman, 1945–1948

2909:

Promises Kept: John F. Kennedy's New Frontier by Irving Bernstein

2833:

The making of modern America: the nation from 1945 to the present

1269:

A Clinical and Laboratory Research Center was established (1947).

1143:

initiative) was compatible with the liberalism of the Fair Deal.

3569: 3230:

Smith, Jason Scott. "The Fair Deal" in Daniel S. Margolies, ed.

2162:"The Evolution of Medicare Chapter 3: The Third Round 1943-1950" 1453:

was re-established (1946) in an effort to control rising prices.

1118: 4222: 3245: 2864:

Encyclopaedia of the American presidency by Michael A. Genovese

2708:

Annual digest of state and federal labor legislation 1950, P.49

3055:

Agricultural History, Winter 1995, Vol. 69, Issue 1, pp. 28–53

3035:

Abundance and Anxiety: America, 1945–1960 by Gary A. Donaldson

2393:

Tumultuous Years: The Presidency of Harry S. Truman, 1949–1953

1134:

to awaken American conscience to the issues of civil rights".

978: 1986: 1984: 1415:

Social Security coverage was extended to farm workers (1951).

1387:

Increases in Social Security benefits were authorized (1948).

1239:

Hill-Burton Act (Hospital Survey and Construction Act) (1946)

1182:

Expansion of public health, maternal, and child care services

876:

The enactment of broad and comprehensive housing legislation.

3885:

1944 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection

2113:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co. pp. 17–23 2068:"President Harry S. Truman's Federal Health Insurance Plan" 1355:

benefits under the old-age and survivors insurance program.

1255:

Grants to states for cancer control were introduced (1947).

864:

The maintenance of relations with both industry and unions.

16:

Domestic agenda of U.S. President Harry S. Truman (1945–53)

2659:. Trumanlibrary.org (1949-05-12). Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 2266:

The food safety information handbook by Cynthia A. Roberts

2022:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

1157:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

735:, from 1945 to 1953. It offered new proposals to continue 1925:"The Fair Deal". United States History. 30 Mar. 2008 < 1635:$ 3.7 billion was spent of GI benefits from 1945 to 1949. 1606:

Funds were provided for slum clearance and urban renewal.

1232:

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (1947)

2331:

Government and public health in America by Ronald Hamowy

3112:. Truman Library (1949-10-28). Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 2537:

A Common Thread of Service An Historical Guide to HEW

794:

a reality, while making his own mark on social policy.

2010:, edited by Christopher Pierson and Francis G. Castles 1927:

http://countrystudies.us/united-states/history-115.htm

1782:, 5 (1954): 349–81, reprinted in Alonzo L. Hamby ed., 1560:) passed with the support of the conservative senator 879:

The establishment of a single Federal research agency.

2363:"Significant Dates in U.S. Food and Drug Law History" 1705:

Funds were provided for hydroelectric power stations.

1689:

Rural electrification and public power were extended.

1675:

The REA and soil-conservation programs were expanded.

1032:

credited Truman's unfulfilled program as influencing

723:

was a set of proposals put forward by U.S. President

3155:

A dictionary of American history by Thomas L. Purvis

2495: 2493: 2491: 1273:

thereto to be used in general medical research ...."

797:

In a scholarly article published in 1972, historian

754:

concludes, the most important proposals were aid to

4894: 4866: 4843: 4815: 4792: 4767: 4749: 4731: 4626: 4591: 4561: 4531: 4506: 4471: 4421: 4396: 4329: 4133: 4054: 4003: 3936: 3893: 3857: 3763:

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

3637: 3424: 3317: 2678:

The Truman Administration During 1949: A Chronology

2616:

Education and learning in America by Catherine Reef

2257:. Hhnmag.com (1966-07-01). Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 1827: 1825: 2603: 2601: 2248:American Presidents and Health Reform: A Chronolgy 1730:– proposed by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1944 2759:. Clear.uhwo.hawaii.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 1843: 1841: 1746:'s proposed tariff, business, and banking reforms 1702:Funds were provided for western land reclamation. 1430:A centerpiece of the Fair Deal—the repeal of the 1188:Prepayment of medical costs through a compulsory 1151:As Senator, Truman had not supported the nascent 1064:, and support for conservative politicians grew. 888:Greater levels of assistance to small businesses. 3103:Public Papers of the Presidents: Harry S. Truman 1179:Construction of hospitals and related facilities 984:the establishment of a new Department of Welfare 3946:United States Senate election in Missouri, 1934 3911:Harry S. Truman home and National Historic Site 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 1850:. Presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 885:The encouragement of surplus-property disposal. 2998:American city planning since 1890 by Mel Scott 2801:. Employeeissues.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 2726: 2724: 2168:. United States Social Security Administration 4234: 3257: 2809: 2807: 2731:History of Mine Safety and Health Legislation 2687:. Trumanlibrary.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 2292: 2290: 1508:The National School Lunch and Milk Act (1946) 700: 8: 4939:United States presidential domestic programs 3995:1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries 3031: 3029: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 1951:edited by Clarence E. Wunderlin (2006) p. 81 891:Improvements in federal aid to war veterans. 3870:Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite 3352:1952 Puerto Rican constitutional referendum 3225:Man of the People: A Life of Harry S Truman 2860: 2858: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 1811:, June 1972, Vol. 77, Issue 3, pp. 653–78. 4764: 4623: 4558: 4503: 4418: 4326: 4241: 4227: 4219: 3734:Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946 3421: 3264: 3250: 3242: 3186:(1982) detailed two-vol. political history 2968:. Truman Library. Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 2576:Historical Statistics of the United States 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2315: 2313: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 707: 693: 33: 3457:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 3151: 3149: 2327: 2325: 2083: 1708:Flood control developments were expanded. 1692:New conservation projects were initiated. 1585:More money was provided for farm housing. 1085:election of a Democratic Congress in 1948 3966:1944 United States presidential election 3084:. Fns.usda.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 2994: 2992: 2927:Universal Healthcare By Victoria Sherrow 2569:"Social Insurance and Public Assistance" 2539:. Aspe.hhs.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 2056:. The National Archives (United States). 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 882:A major revision of the taxation system. 3623:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 3384:Sherman Minton Supreme Court nomination 2938:Cincinnati Historical Society Bulletin, 2450:https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40428.pdf 2038:April 1976, Vol. 70 Issue 3, pp 291–305 1949:The Papers of Robert A. Taft: 1949–1953 1898:. History.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 1771: 727:to Congress in 1945 and in his January 45: 4083:Collision Course: Truman vs. MacArthur 3729:Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 3487:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1680:Federal reclamation and power projects 1206:introduced S. 1606, known as the 946:a large tax cut for low-income earners 858:Legislation to ensure full employment. 3757:President's Committee on Civil Rights 3589:U.N. Security Council Resolutions 82, 2645:Building a Democratic Political Order 1711:Some money was spent on public works. 1197:national disability insurance program 7: 2740:. Msha.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 964:Fair Employment Practices Commission 764:Fair Employment Practices Commission 3956:Democratic National Convention 1944 3775:Presidential Succession Act of 1947 3664:National Institute of Mental Health 3299:Vice President of the United States 2520:. Ssa.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 2424:. Ssa.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 2352:. Nih.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 2229:. Ssa.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-15. 1418:Unemployment coverage was extended. 4250:Public policy of the United States 2578:. pp. 693–835. Archived from 2054:Harry S. Truman Library and Museum 1961:Davin, Eric Leif (November 2011). 1202:On the same day, New York Senator 14: 3519:National Security Resources Board 2940:1968, Vol. 26 Issue 3, pp 219–253 1861:Harry S. Truman and the Fair Deal 1833:Harry S. Truman and the Fair Deal 1784:Harry S. Truman and the Fair Deal 1222:National Mental Health Act (1946) 1097:unparalleled in American history. 4202: 4201: 3558:Joint Long Range Proving Grounds 3359:State of the Union Address (1946 2778:. University of Missouri Press. 2142:: 10789–10795. November 19, 1945 1451:Office of Economic Stabilization 674: 662: 19:For the copyright doctrine, see 4954:Liberalism in the United States 3840:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952 3769:Housing and Home Finance Agency 2072:California and Western Medicine 1598:Housing and Home Finance Agency 991:, regulating the activities of 937:1949 State of the Union address 916: 729:1949 State of the Union Address 3609:Office of Defense Mobilization 3597:Defense Production Act of 1950 3469:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act 3288:President of the United States 3232:A Companion to Harry S. Truman 1185:Medical education and research 1106:had also been increased while 1083:Truman was also helped by the 1: 4949:Presidency of Harry S. Truman 4944:United States economic policy 4091:Backstairs at the White House 3875:Missouri Office and Courtroom 3828:Unrelated Business Income Tax 3744:Legislative Reference Service 3676:U.S. Atomic Energy Commission 3499:National Security Act of 1947 2140:Congressional Record - Senate 1699:were significantly increased. 3688:Council of Economic Advisers 2368:Food and Drug Administration 981:-style public works projects 4491:Low-level radioactive waste 4031:Harry S. Truman Scholarship 3602:Relief of Douglas MacArthur 3533:Central Intelligence Agency 3184:Tumultuous Years: 1949–1953 2750:U.S. Labor History Timeline 2036:Missouri Historical Review, 1752:– Proposed by ex-President 1001:from 40 to 75 cents an hour 4975: 3658:National Mental Health Act 3615:Science Advisory Committee 3504:U.S. Department of Defense 3411:Presidential Proclamations 3307:U.S. Senator from Missouri 3196:American Historical Review 2959:1949 Chronology – part two 2849:February 12, 2010, at the 2657:Truman: Chronology 1945–49 2166:History of Social Security 1884:The Truman Years 1945–1953 1809:American Historical Review 1797:The Truman Years 1945–1953 1697:Tennessee Valley Authority 1208:Wagner-Murray-Dingell Bill 1155:. In a 1947 speech to the 1128:Commission on Civil Rights 1024:as a rallying cry for the 778:A liberal Democrat of the 18: 4256: 4168: 4153:Martha Ellen Young Truman 4046:Statue of Harry S. Truman 3928:Truman Little White House 3906:Harry S. Truman Farm Home 3751:National School Lunch Act 3671:Atomic Energy Act of 1946 3514:National Security Council 3279: 2567:Price V. Fishback (ed.). 2133:"National Health Program" 2107:Truman, Harry S. (1956). 1190:national health insurance 1074:1949 National Housing Act 1054:Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1005:national health insurance 943:federal aid to education, 870:Increased aid to farmers. 760:national health insurance 4026:Truman Dam and Reservoir 3802:Agricultural Act of 1949 3786:Agricultural Act of 1948 3628:National Security Agency 2186:Hillary Rodham Clinton, 2008:The Welfare State Reader 1264:Atomic Energy Commission 1138:Legislation and programs 971:increased public housing 4174:← Franklin D. Roosevelt 4110:(1997 documentary film) 4021:Harry S Truman Building 3739:Federal Tort Claims Act 3236:excerpt and text search 2775:Harry S. Truman: A Life 2422:Social Security History 2227:Social Security History 2110:Years of Trial and Hope 1728:Economic Bill of Rights 1044:Opposition and progress 792:Economic Bill of Rights 299:Sustainable development 223:Progressive nationalism 4181:Dwight D. Eisenhower → 3683:Employment Act of 1946 3577:Revolt of the Admirals 1443:Employment Act of 1946 1094: 925:1946 midterm elections 744:conservative coalition 593:Economic progressivism 277:Ecological engineering 238:Social justice warrior 201:Philosophy of progress 196:Philosophical progress 4159:Clifton Truman Daniel 4063:Give 'em Hell, Harry! 4036:Truman Sports Complex 3865:Early life and career 3564:North Atlantic Treaty 3540:Displaced Persons Act 3509:Joint Chiefs of Staff 3416:Eisenhower transition 3401:"The buck stops here" 3374:Judicial appointments 3347:Assassination attempt 3134:22 (April 1983):58–63 1361:unemployment benefits 1322:Displaced Persons Act 1153:Civil Rights Movement 1089: 1022:universal health care 733:Truman administration 681:Philosophy portal 669:Liberalism portal 615:Libertarian socialism 289:Scientific management 211:Progressive education 4759:Same-sex immigration 4066:(1975 play and film) 3982:Dewey Defeats Truman 3791:Executive Order 9981 3481:Executive Order 9835 3450:Declaration to Japan 2395:by Robert J. Donovan 2078:(6): 270–284. 1945. 766:, and repeal of the 632:Classical radicalism 598:Democratic socialism 467:Roosevelt (Theodore) 462:Roosevelt (Franklin) 309:Techno-progressivism 304:Technological change 134:Economic development 91:New Culture Movement 66:Age of Enlightenment 4141:Bess Wallace Truman 4041:U.S. Postage stamps 3835:Revenue Act of 1951 3818:Revenue Act of 1950 3812:Dingell–Johnson Act 3807:Housing Act of 1949 3797:Revenue Act of 1948 3653:Revenue Act of 1945 3445:Agreement on Europe 3132:Journal of the West 1967:. Lexington Books. 1570:Housing Act of 1949 1558:Housing Act of 1949 1165:Housing Act of 1949 997:an increase in the 974:an immigration bill 610:Left-libertarianism 417:Kirchner (Cristina) 262:Scientific progress 245:Social organization 181:Liberation theology 161:Freedom of movement 129:Cultural liberalism 4301:Telecommunications 4194:Alben W. Barkley → 4189:← Henry A. Wallace 3823:Excess profits tax 3695:Flood Control Acts 3546:Key West Agreement 3439:Potsdam Conference 3234:(2012) pp 210–21; 3177:Donovan, Robert J. 3108:2015-06-19 at the 3080:2012-03-06 at the 2964:2010-06-26 at the 2799:Federal Labor Laws 2755:2011-07-24 at the 2736:2013-02-18 at the 2683:2011-11-28 at the 2253:2011-07-25 at the 1754:Theodore Roosevelt 987:the repeal of the 968:a farm aid program 808:Charles F. Brannan 788:Franklin Roosevelt 622:Left-wing populism 457:Rodríguez Zapatero 284:Self-determination 272:Sustainable design 151:Empirical evidence 4926: 4925: 4922: 4921: 4788: 4787: 4727: 4726: 4587: 4586: 4527: 4526: 4467: 4466: 4216: 4215: 4094:(1979 miniseries) 3916:Historic District 3853: 3852: 3845:1952 steel strike 3717:Fulbright Program 3493:Hoover Commission 3223:Hamby, Alonzo L. 3075:History Home Page 2785:978-0-8262-6045-1 2770:Robert H. Ferrell 2048:Truman, Harry S. 1886:by Mark S. Byrnes 1831:Hamby, Alonzo L. 1519:Fulbright Program 1036:measures such as 1030:Lyndon B. Johnson 949:the abolition of 717: 716: 637:Social liberalism 412:Kirchner (Néstor) 294:Scientific method 255:List of countries 176:Industrialisation 166:Human enhancement 27:' manifesto, see 25:Liberal Democrats 4966: 4765: 4624: 4559: 4504: 4419: 4327: 4243: 4236: 4229: 4220: 4205: 4204: 4118:(2022 TV series) 3880:Truman Committee 3780:Taft–Hartley Act 3647:Medal of Freedom 3422: 3406:Executive Orders 3310: 3302: 3291: 3266: 3259: 3252: 3243: 3220: 3191:Hamby, Alonzo L. 3165: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3144: 3141: 3135: 3128: 3122: 3119: 3113: 3100: 3094: 3091: 3085: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3042: 3036: 3033: 3024: 3021: 3008: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2987: 2984: 2978: 2975: 2969: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2941: 2934: 2928: 2925: 2919: 2916: 2910: 2907: 2901: 2898: 2892: 2889: 2883: 2880: 2874: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2853: 2842: 2836: 2831:Gary Donaldson, 2829: 2823: 2820: 2814: 2811: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2766: 2760: 2747: 2741: 2728: 2719: 2716: 2710: 2705: 2699: 2694: 2688: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2626: 2623: 2617: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2596: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2585:on 13 June 2010. 2584: 2573: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2549: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2506: 2500: 2497: 2486: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2468:. Archived from 2467: 2461:Christine Todd. 2458: 2452: 2447: 2434: 2431: 2425: 2419: 2396: 2390: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2380: 2371:. Archived from 2359: 2353: 2347: 2332: 2329: 2320: 2317: 2308: 2303: 2297: 2294: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2258: 2245: 2239: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2191: 2184: 2178: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2137: 2129: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2087: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2045: 2039: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1997:David McCullough 1988: 1979: 1978: 1958: 1952: 1947:Robert A. Taft, 1945: 1939: 1936: 1930: 1923: 1917: 1914: 1908: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1864: 1857: 1851: 1845: 1836: 1835:(1974) page vii. 1829: 1820: 1805: 1799: 1795:Mark S. Byrnes, 1793: 1787: 1776: 1744:President Wilson 1432:Taft–Hartley Act 1204:Robert F. Wagner 1101: 1062:Great Depression 1026:Democratic Party 989:Taft–Hartley Act 919:section below.) 768:Taft–Hartley Act 752:Richard Neustadt 748:Republican Party 709: 702: 695: 679: 678: 677: 667: 666: 642:In United States 603:Social democracy 319:Women's suffrage 216:In Latin America 171:Idea of Progress 156:Direct democracy 34: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4964: 4963: 4929: 4928: 4927: 4918: 4890: 4862: 4839: 4817:Native American 4811: 4784: 4763: 4745: 4723: 4649:F. D. Roosevelt 4622: 4583: 4557: 4523: 4502: 4463: 4417: 4392: 4325: 4252: 4247: 4217: 4212: 4164: 4147:Margaret Truman 4129: 4050: 3999: 3932: 3889: 3849: 3723:Hill–Burton Act 3633: 3475:Luce–Celler Act 3434:Truman Doctrine 3420: 3313: 3305: 3294: 3283: 3275: 3273:Harry S. Truman 3270: 3209:10.2307/1870345 3189: 3173: 3171:Further reading 3168: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3147: 3142: 3138: 3129: 3125: 3120: 3116: 3110:Wayback Machine 3101: 3097: 3092: 3088: 3082:Wayback Machine 3073: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3039: 3034: 3027: 3022: 3011: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2966:Wayback Machine 2957: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2856: 2851:Wayback Machine 2843: 2839: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2768: 2767: 2763: 2757:Wayback Machine 2748: 2744: 2738:Wayback Machine 2729: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2706: 2702: 2695: 2691: 2685:Wayback Machine 2676: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2642: 2638: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2606: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2582: 2571: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2535: 2524: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2472: 2465: 2460: 2459: 2455: 2448: 2437: 2432: 2428: 2420: 2399: 2391: 2387: 2378: 2376: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2348: 2335: 2330: 2323: 2318: 2311: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2255:Wayback Machine 2246: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2225: 2194: 2185: 2181: 2171: 2169: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2145: 2143: 2135: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2116: 2114: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2033: 2029: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2006: 2002: 1989: 1982: 1975: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1894: 1890: 1882: 1867: 1858: 1854: 1846: 1839: 1830: 1823: 1806: 1802: 1794: 1790: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1750:New Nationalism 1740:The New Freedom 1724: 1682: 1648: 1616: 1554: 1501: 1428: 1297: 1173: 1149: 1140: 1108:Social Security 1098: 1076:, which funded 1046: 1011:Social Security 933: 839: 804:Leon Keyserling 776: 725:Harry S. Truman 713: 675: 673: 661: 654: 653: 588: 580: 579: 535: 527: 526: 332: 324: 323: 250:Social progress 228:Reform movement 144:Economic growth 124:Civil liberties 114: 106: 105: 96:Progressive Era 76:Information Age 56: 32: 29:For a Fair Deal 17: 12: 11: 5: 4972: 4970: 4962: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4931: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4900: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4872: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4860: 4855: 4849: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4821: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4809: 4804: 4798: 4796: 4794:Infrastructure 4790: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4782: 4777: 4771: 4769: 4762: 4761: 4755: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4737: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4630: 4628: 4621: 4620: 4619: 4618: 4608: 4603: 4597: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4565: 4563: 4556: 4555: 4554: 4553: 4546:Climate change 4543: 4537: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4521: 4516: 4510: 4508: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4494: 4493: 4486:Nuclear energy 4483: 4477: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4425: 4423: 4416: 4415: 4414: 4413: 4402: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4368:War on Poverty 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4335: 4333: 4324: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4311:Transportation 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4246: 4245: 4238: 4231: 4223: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4197: 4196: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4177: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4144: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4127: 4119: 4115:The First Lady 4111: 4103: 4095: 4087: 4079: 4074:(1975 song by 4067: 4058: 4056: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4007: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3997: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3985: 3978: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3942: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3919: 3918: 3908: 3903: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3815: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3788: 3783: 3777: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3692: 3691: 3690: 3680: 3679: 3678: 3668: 3667: 3666: 3655: 3650: 3643: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3625: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3572: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3535: 3530: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3463:War Brides Act 3460: 3454: 3453: 3452: 3447: 3436: 3430: 3428: 3426:Foreign policy 3419: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3396:Truman Balcony 3393: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3381: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3344: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3331:Inaugurations 3329: 3323: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3311: 3303: 3292: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3269: 3268: 3261: 3254: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3228: 3221: 3187: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3166: 3157: 3145: 3136: 3123: 3114: 3095: 3086: 3067: 3058: 3046: 3037: 3025: 3009: 3000: 2988: 2979: 2970: 2951: 2942: 2929: 2920: 2911: 2902: 2893: 2884: 2875: 2866: 2854: 2837: 2824: 2815: 2803: 2791: 2784: 2761: 2742: 2720: 2711: 2700: 2689: 2670: 2661: 2649: 2647:(2006), p. 246 2643:David Plotke, 2636: 2627: 2618: 2609: 2597: 2588: 2559: 2550: 2541: 2522: 2510: 2501: 2487: 2478: 2475:on 2011-02-16. 2453: 2435: 2426: 2397: 2385: 2354: 2333: 2321: 2309: 2298: 2286: 2277: 2268: 2259: 2240: 2231: 2192: 2188:Living history 2179: 2153: 2124: 2099: 2059: 2040: 2027: 2012: 2000: 1980: 1973: 1953: 1940: 1931: 1918: 1909: 1900: 1888: 1865: 1852: 1837: 1821: 1800: 1788: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1757: 1747: 1737: 1731: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1695:Funds for the 1693: 1690: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1562:Robert A. Taft 1553: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1515: 1512: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1447: 1439: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1368: 1365: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1308: 1305: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1267: 1260: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1235: 1228: 1225: 1218: 1200: 1199: 1193: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1172: 1169: 1148: 1145: 1139: 1136: 1078:slum clearance 1070:Robert A. Taft 1045: 1042: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1007: 1002: 995: 985: 982: 975: 972: 969: 966: 960: 953: 947: 944: 932: 931:1949 Proposals 929: 912: 911: 908: 905: 902: 899:Lend-Lease Act 895: 892: 889: 886: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 838: 837:1945 Proposals 835: 775: 772: 715: 714: 712: 711: 704: 697: 689: 686: 685: 684: 683: 671: 656: 655: 652: 651: 646: 645: 644: 639: 634: 624: 619: 618: 617: 607: 606: 605: 600: 589: 586: 585: 582: 581: 578: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 536: 533: 532: 529: 528: 525: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 342:Abbott (Grace) 339: 337:Abbott (Edith) 333: 330: 329: 326: 325: 322: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 280: 279: 269: 264: 259: 258: 257: 247: 242: 241: 240: 233:Social justice 230: 225: 220: 219: 218: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 186:Linear history 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 147: 146: 141: 139:Broad measures 131: 126: 121: 115: 112: 111: 108: 107: 104: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 71:Industrial Age 68: 63: 57: 54: 53: 50: 49: 43: 42: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4971: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4814: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4791: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768:By Presidency 4766: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4694:G. H. W. Bush 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4669:L. B. Johnson 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4627:By Presidency 4625: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4590: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4562:By Presidency 4560: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4533:Environmental 4530: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507:By Presidency 4505: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4422:By Presidency 4420: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4365: 4364:Great Society 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4255: 4251: 4244: 4239: 4237: 4232: 4230: 4225: 4224: 4221: 4209: 4208: 4199: 4198: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4170: 4167: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4125: 4124: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4104: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4053: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3993: 3989: 3988:campaign song 3986: 3983: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3935: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3917: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3672: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3607: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3552:Marshall Plan 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3379:Supreme Court 3377: 3376: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3286: 3282: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3267: 3262: 3260: 3255: 3253: 3248: 3247: 3244: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3203:(3): 653–78. 3202: 3198: 3197: 3192: 3188: 3185: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3161: 3158: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3118: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3104: 3099: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3071: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3050: 3047: 3041: 3038: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2983: 2980: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2955: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2933: 2930: 2924: 2921: 2915: 2912: 2906: 2903: 2897: 2894: 2888: 2885: 2879: 2876: 2870: 2867: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2835:(2009), p. 20 2834: 2828: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2792: 2787: 2781: 2777: 2776: 2771: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2751: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2679: 2674: 2671: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2631: 2628: 2622: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2592: 2589: 2581: 2577: 2570: 2563: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2511: 2505: 2502: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2488: 2482: 2479: 2471: 2464: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2436: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2386: 2375:on 2013-03-06 2374: 2370: 2369: 2364: 2358: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2302: 2299: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2281: 2278: 2272: 2269: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2190:(2003) p. 145 2189: 2183: 2180: 2167: 2163: 2157: 2154: 2141: 2134: 2128: 2125: 2112: 2111: 2103: 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