Fast fashion - Knowledge (XXG)

410: 1339:. Developing countries' economies rely on fast fashion consumption as most export earnings profit from ready-made clothes. China, for example, has gained a yearly profit of $ 158.4 billion from exporting such clothes. Additionally, the hazardous working circumstances these employees endure have an adverse effect on their health, as the employees have to regularly work with hazardous chemicals when manufacturing clothes. Toxic Chemicals, such as lead, phthalates, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used to preserve and increase the durability of clothes, however, too much contact with these chemicals puts employees and consumers at risk of getting deadly diseases. Alongside the risk of illness employees are more likely to suffer from accidents among their coworkers and having a negative effect on the labor force around the world. 2006:

capabilities. The fast fashion industry currently has little to do with the end of life cycle of clothing, however, with recent social pressures some fast fashion companies collect and export their disposed textiles to developing countries for charity. As the production increases and charities are beginning to turn away fast fashion for being cheaply made, organizations are struggling to come up with sustainable solutions to continue against the social and soon governmental pressure. There are many organizations that provide educational tools on how to reuse and recycle textiles to interested individuals, such as "Human Bridge (charitable organization)". Additionally, the retail and textile chains that encourage recycling or reuse often provide incentives, such as

2046:, and open-loop recycling. Upcycling is the process of using a textile to create something higher quality than the original. Downcycling is using a textile in a way that is less than the original value. Closed-loop recycling is the reuse of one textile over and over again to create the same piece. Open-loop recycling is the process of creating something new with the textile piece. The EU is currently taking initiative to enforce circularity, closed-loop recycling, in the clothing cycle encouraging a less wasteful lifestyle by supporting second-hand and organic clothing pieces, organic in this case being cotton, silk, etc. Even the US in New York City has begun working with natural fibers like bamboo and hemp to make not just clothing but bags as well. 2327:) employment, women are still likely to earn less than men. Mainly, this discrepancy is due to employers preferring to hire men in technical and managerial positions and women in lower-skilled production work. Moreover, employers tend to prefer hiring women for production jobs because they are seen as more compliant and less likely to join labour unions. In addition, a report that interviewed Sri Lankan women working in export processing zones found that gender-based violence "emerged as a dominant theme in their narratives". For example, 38% of women reported seeing or experiencing sexual harassment within their workplace. However, proponents of textile and garment production as a means for economic upgrading in developing countries ( 1525:

makes the garments a highly cost-effective marketing tool that drives consumer visits, increases brand awareness, and results in higher rates of consumer purchases. Fast fashion companies have higher profit margins due to their lower % markdown percentage of 15% compared to competitors' 30% plus. The fast fashion business model reduces time cycles from production to consumption, stimulating sales through trends that change throughout the seasons. For example, the traditional fashion seasons followed the annual cycle of summer, autumn, winter and spring, but in fast fashion cycles have compressed into shorter periods of 4–6 weeks and in some cases less. Marketers have thus created more buying seasons in the same time-space.

2311: 1067:, the company was able to respond rapidly to fluctuating demand by swiftly halting production of low-demand items and creating a sense of urgency for consumers to purchase in-demand clothing due to the ever-changing layout and stock of its stores. Items in the store may not be in stock during subsequent visits, prompting consumers to make immediate purchases if they wish to remain on-trend. The clothing is then only worn a few times before it is no longer in style, creating the need to constantly return to the store and buy new, on-trend items cheaply. 2180: 6113: 1929: 344: 1713: 757: 965: 445: 1114: 2323:

labour-intensive, like clothing. Many export processing zones have been criticized for their substandard working conditions, low wages, and suspension of international and domestic labour laws. Women account for 70–90% of the working population in some export processing zones, such as in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and the Philippines. Despite their overrepresentation in export processing zone informal sector (

1555:. Now, consumers are able to look at products and businesses on social media before heading to a store or going online to make a purchase. Additionally, consumers can read real customer reviews on different social media accounts to get a better idea of the quality of the products as well as the customer service. Fast fashion retailers were quick to jump on the trend. Fast fashion retailers like 242: 6967: 743: 2298:. Bangladesh – a country known for its cheap labor, is home to four million garment production workers in over 5000 factories, of which 85% are women. Many of these factories do not have proper working conditions for essential workers. In 2013 a group of garment workers protested in Bangladesh over the poor quality of the factory building. In 2013 in Dhaka District, Bangladesh, the 1863: 1822: 180: 25: 2350: 124: 66: 1198:

towards youth. Technology has the power to change all the issues within the fast fashion industry. Brands such as Zara have been listening to their consumers and "thinking green" to improve their environmental impact. As Nina Davis stated in 2020, " are also adopting advanced technologies to improve supply chain efficiency and reduce their

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low labor costs. During the project, lead times in the manufacturing process were halved; the U.S. industry became more competitive for a time, and imports were lowered as a result. The QR initiative was viewed by many as a protection mechanism for the American textile industry with the aim of improving manufacturing efficiencies.

1574:. Social media influencers can be defined as "regular" individuals who have accrued a large number of followers across multiple social media platforms as a result of the content they post. For the most part, influencers focus their content on one subject area, like food or fashion and have become their own kind of " 1046:, Zara gained prominence by offering affordable imitations of high-end fashion trends alongside its original designs. In 1975, Ortega opened the first European retail outlet for his collections, pioneering his short-term production and distribution model. By the early 1990s, he had expanded to New York, and the 2221:

span and would need to be replaced much more often. Furthermore, as both industry and consumers continue to embrace fast fashion, the volume of goods to be disposed of or recycled has increased substantially. However, most fast-fashion goods do not have the inherent quality to be considered as collectables for

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merchandise can be changed in the middle of the season: A fast fashion system like Zara's can quickly update designs, resulting in short product cycles where a garment does not sit on the stores' shelf for long periods, giving the store a sense of exclusivity and raising the attractiveness of an item.

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within three months of the products' "publication". This publication includes everything from magazine advertisements to the garment's first public runway appearances. The bill would protect the designs for three years after the initial publication. If infringement of copyright occurred the infringer

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generates a total of 5.8 million tons of textiles each year. As a whole, the textile industry occupies roughly 5% of all landfill space. This means that the clothing industry produces about 92 million tons of textile waste annually, much of which is burned or goes into a landfill and less than 1% of

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are central to the creation of fast fashion, and supply chain systems are designed to add value and reduce cost in the process of moving goods from design concept to retail stores and through to consumption. The selection of a merchandising vendor is a key part in the process. Inefficiency primarily

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Fast fashion typically offers buyers quick shipping, meaning delivery can be same-day or only take a few days. Due to constantly evolving trends, buyers need to have their item before it is no longer in style. Oftentimes, fast fashion brands will offer the buyer deals, where they can spend a certain

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New items are delivered twice a week to the stores, reducing the time between initial sale and replenishment. As a result, the shortened time period improves consumer's garment choices and product availability while significantly increasing the number of per customer visits per annum. In the case of

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was developed to improve manufacturing processes in the textile industry to remove time from the production system. The U.S. Apparel Manufacturing Association initiated the project in the early 1980s to address a competitive threat to its textile manufactures from imported textiles in countries with

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Andrea Chang provided a similar critique of the slow fashion movement in her article "The Impact of Fast Fashion on Women". She wrote that the slow and ethical fashion movements place too much responsibility on the consumers of fast fashion clothing, most of whom are women, to influence the industry

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In their 2008 article "Fast Fashion Lessons," Donald Sull and Stefano Turconi studied how Zara revolutionized the fast fashion industry. They attributed the company's success to its strategic supply chain and production network where Zara maintained complicated and capital-intensive operations (like

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The fashion industry is known as the most labor dependent industry, as one in every six people works in acquiring raw materials and manufacturing clothing. There is an increasing concern for sweatshops as more fast fashion stores are lowering their prices and trends are fluctuating more frequently.

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pointed out that in order to make the fast moving trend affordable, fast-fashion merchandise is typically priced much lower than the competition, operating on a business model of low quality and high volume. Low-quality goods make overconsumption more severe since those products have a shorter life

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article "Where Does Discarded Clothing Go?" that Americans are purchasing five times the amount of clothing than they did in 1980. Due to this rise in consumption, developed countries are producing more and more garments each season with the U.S. importing more than 1 billion garments annually from

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released study results on fashion and suggests a new circular system. A singular t-shirt requires over 2,000 liters of water to make. Clothing is not utilized to its full potential, the Ellen MacArthur Foundation explains that linear systems are contributing to unsustainable behavior and the future

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Quick response is now used to support fast fashion, creating new products while drawing consumers back to the retail experience for consecutive visits. Quick response also makes it possible for new technologies to increase production and efficiency, typified by the introduction of the complementary

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The advancement of technology has allowed fast fashion to gain popularity over the last decade. Technology has allowed designers to create specifically what their consumers want according to what is "in" at the given moment. Every month, new things are trending and are displayed in stores to market

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These retailers produce and sell products in small batches, keep surplus manufacturing capacity on hand, and frequently induce items to be out of stock, a practice designed to give retailers the ability to make substantial and immediate adjustments to manufacturing. For example, up to 85% of Zara's

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Productive internal relationships within the fast fashion companies are as important as the company's relationships with external suppliers, especially regarding the company's buyers. Traditionally with a "supermarket" market the buying is divided into multi-functional departments. The buying team

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Before the popularization of the fast fashion model, the fashion industry traditionally operated on a four-season cycle, with designers working months in advance to anticipate customer preferences. However, this approach underwent a significant transformation in the 1960s and 1970s, as the younger

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The Design Piracy Prohibition Act was reintroduced as H.R. 2033 during the first session of the 110th Congress on April 25, 2007. It had goals similar to H.R. 5055, as the bill proposed to protect certain types of apparel design through copyright protection of fashion design. The bill would grant

1631:, cost, and the buying cycle. Timing's objective is to create the shortest production time possible. The quick turnover has increased the demand for the number of seasons presented in the stores. This demand also increases shipping and restocking time periods. Cost is still the consumer's primary 1550:

In recent years, fast fashion retailers have taken a new approach to reaching consumers. Initially, social media's sole purpose was to act as a platform allowing people to connect with other users worldwide. However, social media has become a way for retailers to promote their products and impact

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is able to provide textile packing material to the shipping industry; additionally, more and more recycling programs like StenaRecycling are beginning to find new ways to use textiles to reach a large audience, being able to create construction materials, stuffing, and new and improved textiles.

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is a key driver of fast fashion, creating the desire for consumption of new designs as close as possible to the point of creation. Marketing closes the gap between creation and consumption by promoting something fast, low-priced, and disposable. The continuous release of new products essentially

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in order to participate in the movement. Khan argues that by proposing a solution to fast-fashion that is largely inaccessible to many consumers, they are positioning wealthier women as "agents of change" in the movement against fast fashion, whereas the shopping habits of lower income women are

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In contrast to modern overconsumption, fast fashion traces its roots to World War II austerity, where high design was merged with utilitarian materials. The business model of fast fashion is based on consumers’ desire for new clothing to wear. In order to fulfill consumers' demand, fast fashion

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is needed. After clothing is reused until it is beyond usable for its given function, recycling it through a mechanical or chemical process is the next step. One concern with recycling textiles is the loss of "virgin material"; however, chemical recycling can extract the "virgin materials" like

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heating our planet. The growing demand for quick fashion continuously adds effluent release from the textile factories, containing both dyes and caustic solutions. In comparison, greenhouse gas emissions from textile production companies is more than international flights and maritime shipping

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emerged as prominent brands in the high street fashion scene. Initially starting as small stores located across Europe, they were able to quickly gain prominence in the U.S. fashion market by replicating design elements from runway shows and top fashion houses and quickly reproducing them at a

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as "industrial zones with special incentives set up to attract foreign investors, in which imported materials undergo some degree of processing before being re-exported". These zones have been used by developing countries to bolster foreign investment, and produce consumer goods that are

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The speed of clothing consumption has increased substantially since the late 1990s across the world. All aspects of fast fashion have elements that are not environmentally friendly, the amounts of waste from disposal of textiles into the garbage system is increasing beyond the industries

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are examples of rental services that can be offered to customers when subscribed to the program. Tulerie, a smartphone application offers borrowing, renting, or sharing of clothes in local communities across the globe; users have the opportunity to profit by renting clothes as well.

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In the rise of slow fashion, emphasis has been given to quality clothing that is more enduring. In the 2020 spring-summer fashion season, high-end designers led the movement of slow fashion by creating pieces that developed from environmentally friendly practices in the industry.

1190:" developed in the U.S. in the 1980s and moved to a market-based model of "fast fashion" in the late 1990s and the early 21st century. The Zara brand name has become almost synonymous with the term, but other retailers worked with the concept before the label was applied, such as 2604: 1639:

has allowed companies to take advantage of the even lower cost of resources. The buying cycle is the final factor that affects the consumer. Traditionally, fashion buying cycles are based around long-term forecasts that occur one year to six months before the season.

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uses the bottom-up approach when trend information is involved, meaning the information is only shared with the company's fifteen top suppliers. On the other hand, information about future aims, and strategies of production are shared downward within the buyer

1582:, their followers may feel compelled to purchase clothing from that retailer too. Studies have shown that there is a correlation between following social media influencers and shopping more frequently. Even though some fast fashion retailers still have 1627:" segment within the larger sense of the fashion market. This term refers to fast fashion's nature to "race to make apparel an even smarter and quicker cash generator". Three crucial differentiating model factors exist within fast fashion consumption: 2212:

and new supply chain practices of fast fashion even accelerate the speed of it. In recent years, the fashion cycle has steadily decreased as fast fashion retailers sell clothing that is expected to be disposed of after being worn only a few times.

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combined annually. The materials used not only affect the environment in textile products, but also the workers and the people who wear the clothes. The hazardous substances affect all aspects of life and release into the environments around them.

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quickly took center stage across numerous social media platforms. Social media users, specifically young women, could not go online without seeing something from this fast fashion website, and "Shein hauls" became one of the most popular trends on

2288:. 500 employees in Indonesia left their work and protested for higher pay as their pay was below the country's minimum wage. Once a strike evolved, the factory removed their access to the building and paid men to harass the workers. 2596: 2208:, fashion is deeply committed to planned obsolescence. Last year's skirts, for example, are designed to be replaced by this year's new models. In this case, fashion goods are purchased even when the old ones are still wearable. The 1477:, has become the global model for how to decrease the time between design and production. This production shortcut enables the company to manufacture over 30,000 units of product every year to nearly 1,600 stores in 58 countries. 1261:

In her 2016 article titled "Doing Good and Looking Good: Women in 'Fast Fashion' Activism", Rimi Khan criticized the slow fashion movement, particularly the work of high-profile designers and slow fashion advocates McCartney and

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company, and used its networks to sell fast fashion by catalog and mail order. In the 1990s, H&M invested in large city billboard advertising, featuring celebrities and supermodels. H&M opened its flagship USA store on

2709: 1417:. In developed countries like the United States, the average garment worker in Los Angeles, reported by the Garment Worker Center (GWC), is about $ 5.15 per hour despite the federal minimum wage being $ 7.25 per hour in 2016. 5394:

Carr, D. Jasun; Gotlieb, Melissa R.; Lee, Nam-Jin; Shah, Dhavan V. (November 2012). "Examining Overconsumption, Competitive Consumption, and Conscious Consumption from 1994 to 2004: Disentangling Cohort and Period Effects".

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through their consumption. Chang suggests that because most consumers are limited in their ability to choose where and how they purchase clothing, largely due to financial factors, anti-fast fashion activists should target

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fashion. In the 21st century mass consumption of clothing has been on the rise. In 2014, the average person purchased 60 percent more articles of clothing and kept said clothing for half as long compared to the year 2000.

2331:) have pointed out that clothing production work tends to have higher wages than other available jobs, such as agriculture or domestic service work, and therefore provides women with a larger degree of financial autonomy. 2411:

line as well as many other well-known designers. Forever 21 has not commented on the state of the litigation but initially said it was "taking steps to organize itself to prevent intellectual property violations".

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According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the fast fashion system provides opportunities for economic growth, but the entire industry hinders sustainability efforts by contributing to 20% of

1635:. Costs are largely reduced by taking advantage of lower prices in markets in developing countries. In 2004, developing countries accounted for nearly 75 percent of all clothing exports and the removal of several 2383:

fashion designs a three-year term of protection, based on registration with the U.S. Copyright Office. The fines of copyright infringement would continue to be $ 250,000 total or $ 5 per copied merchandise.

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Polyester and cotton dominate the textile industry with the synthetic fiber polyester exceeding production of cotton since 2002. Fast fashion has caused a spike in textile waste, with no stop in production,

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Fast fashion proves successful economically for the retail industry worldwide. The fast-fashion market in 2020 globally produced $ 25.1 billion. It was expected to increase at an annual compound growth rate

1274:, wealthy, and female demographic. Khan also pointed out that because most slow fashion products are significantly more expensive than fast fashion items, consumers are required to have a certain amount of 3041: 4771: 4400: 1308:) of 21.9%, resulting in the global market increase to $ 31 billion in 2021. By 2030, it is estimated that the fast fashion industry will bring a revenue of $ 192 billion to the world's global economy. 4678: 1413:

begins at $ 32 (equivalent to US$ 105 at U.S. prices), while an experienced worker is $ 122 a month (or US$ 400 at U.S. prices). The lowest hourly wage for workers in developing countries is less than

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computer-guided fabric cutting) in-house, and outsourced more labor-intensive operations, such as garment sewing, to a network of local subcontractors and seamstress operatives based in Galicia.

4536: 1081:, a Swedish entrepreneur, traveled to New York City, where he was greatly intrigued and impressed by the high-volume fashion production he witnessed. The following year, Persson established a 5609: 2151:

to solve sizing issues, and give accurate size recommendations on their website to reduce environmental impact on returns. H&M's design team is implementing 3D design, 3D sampling and

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This technique eliminates potential textile waste right at the design stage, where the pattern pieces are strategically laid like a jigsaw puzzle onto a precisely measured piece of fabric.

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Fashion is updated frequently to meet peoples demand for the availability of the newest and latest clothing styles. The efficiency is achieved through the retailers' understanding of the

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and killed over 1,000 workers. In addition to a structurally unsound building, the employees were overworked. Bangladesh has the lowest minimum wage of all countries exporting apparel.

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in income conditions. To reach the target goals of consumer demands from the U.S. and Europe, garment laborers in developing countries, on average, are expected to work 11 hours a day.

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The main intention of this strategy involves designing a product in such a way that it can be easily taken apart at the end of its lifespan and this allows the use of fewer materials.

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The fast fashion industry can thrive economically through the low production costs of its manufacturers in Asia. One low production cost is the investment cost of materials to make a

1179:" in the mid-2000s. According to the UK Environmental Audit Committee's report "Fixing Fashion", the practice "involves increased numbers of new fashion collections every year, quick 3324: 1802:

to the atmosphere. Fast fashion production has doubled since 2000, with brands such as Zara producing 24 collections a year and H&M producing about 12 to 16 collections a year.

788: 4360: 1502:, resulting in the items being returned. However, fast fashion returns do not always get sold again. The company will likely throw the item out because it is no longer in style. 1224:(both in the production of clothes and in the decay of synthetic fabrics), poor workmanship, and emphasis on very brief trends over classic style. Elizabeth L. Cline's 2012 book 2486: 3593: 1445:. One of the largest causes of the high demand is the short trend cycles: The more an audience is exposed to new trends, the higher the demand grows. Primarily, the concept of 2188:

brands provide affordable prices and a wide range of clothing that reflects the latest trends. This ends up persuading consumers to buy more items which leads to the issue of

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This technique combines and incorporates ancestral craft techniques into modern designs and in a way it ensures preservation of traditional craftsmanship through innovation.

5739: 5311: 2955: 1665:. In an agile supply chain, the principal characteristics include sharing information and technology. The collaboration results in the reduction in the amount of stock in 5344: 4437: 5242: 3817:

Sheridan, Mandy; Moore, Christopher; Nobbs, Karinna (1 July 2006). "Fast fashion requires fast marketing: The role of category management in fast fashion positioning".

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Unlike many fashion companies, Zara rarely invests in television adverts or press promotional campaigns. Instead, it relies on store windows to convey the brand image,

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Hence, workers' monthly income would be about $ 858 if they worked 40 hours a week. This is a much higher salary than in developing countries but still lower than the

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Hines, T. (2007) Supply Chain Strategies, Structures and Relationships, in Hines, T. and M.Bruce. Eds. Fashion Marketing Contemporary Issues 2nd Edn. Oxford, Elsevier

1567:. Companies like Boohoo hoped that the constant exposure to their products would influence users to not only visit their website, but also to buy clothing from them. 3182: 2989: 659: 1528:

Companies use two marketing strategies, since the main difference is the amount of advertisement spending. While some companies invest in advertising, others like

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Design Piracy Prohibition Act would protect fashion designers from having their ideas imitated immediately after their public release, such as runway appearances.

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have implemented a pull factor framework, which is a new methodology that strives to make sustainable innovation more enticing for consumers and producers alike.

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Companies are helping support the circular system in fashion production and consumer behavior by renting out clothes to customers with recycled or reuse items.

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fabric because they are inexpensive and durable. In 2020 polyester's global price per metric ton was $ 725 (or 32.9 cents per pound), and the global price for

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was one of the first investigations into the human and environmental toll of fast fashion. The practice has also come under criticism for contributing to poor

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Lou, Chen; Yuan, Shupei (2 January 2019). "Influencer Marketing: How Message Value and Credibility Affect Consumer Trust of Branded Content on Social Media".

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The origins of the "fast fashion" phenomenon involve several key players, rather than a single brand or company. One influential figure in this movement was

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protein-based and cellulosic fibers to produce new products. The deterioration of material to provide new products is the process of mechanical recycling.

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The companies in the fast fashion market also utilize a range of relationships with the suppliers. The product is first classified as "core" or "fashion".

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explained that the process of designing and creating clothing in slow fashion involves consciousness of materials, consumer demand, and climate impact.

1194:. Fast fashion has also become associated with disposable fashion because it has delivered designer products to a mass market at relatively low prices. 1093:, Sweden. Between 1960 and 1979, the company rapidly expanded, with 42 stores across Europe, and began producing clothing for women, men, and children. 5276: 7027: 4528: 1623:

The consumer in the fast fashion market thrives on constant change and the frequent availability of new products. Fast fashion is considered to be a "

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used clothing is recycled into new garments. The clothing that is discarded into landfills is often made from non-biodegradable synthetic materials.

5601: 5491: 4164: 5181: 4826:"The fashion industry emits more carbon than international flights and maritime shipping combined. Here are the biggest ways it impacts the planet" 1570:

Instead of posting pre-made ads on their accounts, fast fashion retailers realized that an effective way to advertise could be to use social media

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According to these statistics, polyester fabric is more affordable than cotton, but both are relativity cheaper than higher quality fabric such as

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to buy current clothing styles at a lower price. This philosophy of quick manufacturing at an affordable price is used in large retailers such as

883:. Labor practices in fast fashion are often exploitative, and due to the gender concentration of the garment industry, women are more vulnerable. 5095: 3482: 3071: 2835: 2740: 3789: 5909: 2362: 2013:

There are the organizations that work to recycle the material into new usable materials for a wide variety of industry needs. Working with the

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Fast fashion brands produce pieces to get the newest style on the market as soon as possible. They emphasize optimizing certain aspects of the

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Hancock, Peter (January 2006). "Violence, Women, Work and Empowerment: Narratives from Factory Women in Sri Lanka's Export Processing Zones".

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rights. The lawsuits contended that certain pieces of merchandise at the retailer can effectively be considered infringements of designs from

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consist of individuals recording themselves showing items they purchased (typically a large quantity) and posting the video on platforms like

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occurs when suppliers cannot respond quickly enough, and clothing ends up bottlenecked and in back stock. Two kinds of supply chains exist,

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to create the instant hook. Research shows that 75 percent of consumers' decisions are made in front of a fixture within three seconds.

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M. Taplin, Ian (25 February 2014). "Who is to blame?: A re-examination of fast fashion after the 2013 factory disaster in Bangladesh".

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according to a 2022 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development report. While a recent survey found that nearly 10% of the

3585: 1892: 1578:" whom followers value and whose opinions they trust. As a result, when social media influencers post content wearing an outfit from 1244:, the deadliest garment-related accident in world history, brought more attention to the safety impact of the fast fashion industry. 926:, treating and preparing the materials by hand, then weaving or fashioning them into functional garments, also by hand. However, the 848:, all of which have become large multinationals by driving high turnover of inexpensive seasonal and trendy clothing that appeals to 6599: 6029: 4961: 4735: 4119: 3720: 2684: 1981: 1963: 1910: 1849: 396: 378: 325: 223: 105: 52: 190: 5804: 3665: 3641: 1948:

Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.

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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.

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According to FutureLearn, the following design strategies and techniques can be applied to make fast fashion more sustainable:

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The origin story of H&M shares common threads with Zara. Technically, it is the world's longest-running retailer. In 1946,

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to describe Zara's business model, highlighting its ability to bring a designer's idea to store shelves in as soon as 15 days.

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or TikTok. Amid a global pandemic, these billions of views allowed Shein to bring in about $ 10 billion in revenue that year.

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found in the ocean occur from textile waste and discarded fashion clothing which may raise a bit of a concern going forward.

607: 263: 4643: 3100:"American Seams: An Exploration of Hybrid Fast Fashion and Domestic Manufacturing Models in Relocalised Apparel Production" 2361:, was a bill proposed to protect the copyright of fashion designers in the United States. The bill was introduced into the 1183:

and often lower prices. Reacting rapidly to offer new products to meet consumer demand is crucial to this business model."

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Romero, Ana Teresa (September 1995). "Labour Standards and Export Processing Zones: Situation and Pressures for Change".

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This technique allows faster manufacturing time by lessening the number of seams that are necessary to stitch a garment.

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estimates that 5 billion pounds of waste is generated through returns each year, contributing 15 million metric tons of

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discard around 193,000 tons of clothing and textiles, which equates to 6% of all the city's garbage. In comparison, the

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The concerns are not simply related to solid waste any longer either. Fast fashion packaging is accountable for 40% of

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Fiber regeneration from textile waste – recovery of glucose and polyester is possible and allows for reuse of material

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with a stake in the fast fashion industry rather than create an alternative industry that is only accessible to some.

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Khurana, Karan; Muthu, S.S. (18 February 2022). "Are low- and middle-income countries profiting from fast fashion?".

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estimated that the business of what we wear, including its long supply chains, is responsible for 10 percent of the

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strategize in manufacturing. Most fast fashion clothes exporters are from developing countries across Asia, such as

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The foundation for expansion into the global market was laid in the 1980s when H&M acquired Rowells, a Swedish

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In particular, H&M has faced controversial issues and backlash regarding their sweatshops in Asian countries.

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Fermentation of textile waste for ethanol production – cotton fabric provides enhancement of bioethanol production

252: 201: 146: 6997: 6478: 6139: 6121: 6048: 5204:"Fueling the Sustainable Fashion Movement Unlocking "The Pull Factor" to Tip Fashion Toward a Sustainable Future" 3619: 3152: 2167: 1725:. In addition, fast fashion is responsible for nearly 10 percent of global gas emissions. Providing insight, the 6112: 4312: 2196:, stated that Americans spent 340 billion dollars on clothing in 2012, the year before the Rana Plaza collapse. 134: 7032: 6850: 6519: 6077: 4560: 4027: 3525: 1790: 914:

Before the 19th century, fashion was a laborious, time-consuming process that required sourcing materials like

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reported that in 2018, the global fiber production has reached the highest all-time, 107 million metric tons.

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Niinimäki, Kirsi; Peters, Greg; Dahlbo, Helena; Perry, Patsy; Rissanen, Timo; Gwilt, Alison (7 April 2020).

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Anaerobic digestion of textile waste – decomposition of organic cotton textile to collect methane and other

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workers from developing countries for their low wages. There are more than 60 million workers that produce

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Building/construction material from textile waste – use of textiles in building materials and construction

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has also been the subject of controversy. The global fashion industry is responsible for 8–10% of global

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The International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability: Annual Review

2421: 2396: 2395:, one of the larger fast fashion retailers, was involved in several lawsuits over alleged violations of 2043: 1186:

Fast fashion has developed from a product-driven concept based on a manufacturing model referred to as "

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that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.

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is a luxury designer who focuses on sustainable and ethical practices and has done so since the 1990s.

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generations began to create new trends. During this period there was still a clear distinction between

5051: 3474: 3063: 2827: 2732: 2702:""Fast Fashion Getting Faster: A Look at the Unethical Labor Practices Sustaining a Growing Industry"" 1482: 7007: 6716: 6661: 6619: 6544: 6302: 6240: 6225: 6102: 5986: 5964: 5063: 3781: 2550: 2199: 1533: 572: 471: 6888: 6855: 6731: 6711: 6653: 6386: 6260: 6235: 2299: 2152: 1811: 1449:

has been used to align the retail buyer and the manufacturer in a more collaborative relationship.

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Hines, T. (2004), Supply Chain Strategies: Customer Driven and Customer Focused, Oxford: Elsevier.

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for the trends to be designed and manufactured quickly and inexpensively and allow the mainstream

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them at a low cost, and bringing them to retail quickly while demand is at its highest. The term

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Centobelli, Piera; Abbate, Stefano; Nadeem, Simon Peter; Garza-Reyes, Jose Arturo (2022-12-01).

4241:"Fashion conscious consumers, fast fashion and the impact of social media on purchase intention" 3885:

Hunter, N.A. . 1990. Quick Response in Apparel Manufacturing. Manchester The Textile Institute.

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Composting of textile waste – cotton waste provides an excellent source of nutrients in compost

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per year, to which fast fashion is a large contributor. The low cost of production, favoring

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methods, and greater reliance on low-cost labor from the apparel manufacturing industries of

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How To Break Up With Fast Fashion: A Guilt-free Guide to Changing the Way You Shop for Good

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on March 30, 2006. Under the bill designers would submit fashion sketches or photos to the

6845: 6835: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6778: 6631: 6589: 6524: 6483: 6220: 6210: 6097: 5981: 2982:"Sneaky ways stores like H&M, Zara, and Uniqlo get you to spend more money on clothes" 2443: 2433: 2319: 2295: 2254: 2132: 1726: 1628: 1560: 1470: 1180: 1157: 1141: 1043: 1039: 1015: 895: 845: 817: 692: 687: 466: 414: 299: 4926:"Fast Fashion, Charities, and the Circular Economy: Challenges for Operations Management" 4925: 4111: 3716: 3175:"Fixing fashion: clothing consumption and sustainability - Environmental Audit Committee" 3038:"As Waste Plagues the Fast-Fashion Industry, Asos Is Taking a Step Toward Sustainability" 5067: 4142:"The Life-cycle of the Fashion Garment and the Role of Australian Mass Market Designers" 2554: 964: 444: 6971: 6951: 6793: 6788: 6726: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6666: 6576: 6488: 6448: 6369: 6335: 6230: 6087: 6082: 6072: 5651: 5576:

Behind the brand names: working conditions and labour rights in export processing zones

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movement has risen in opposition to fast fashion, taking issue with responsibility for

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in New York City in 2000, marking the commencement of its expansion outside of Europe.

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is also used generically to describe the products of this business model, particularly

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As a result, clothes became cheaper and easier to make and buy. Meanwhile, localized

860: 705: 582: 562: 519: 496: 4087:""An infinite burden": Tipa CEO urges fashion industry to use compostable packaging" 2538: 1586:, many retailers have turned to social media influencers to promote their clothing. 6939: 6893: 6873: 6736: 6511: 6431: 6376: 6215: 6177: 6172: 3148: 2438: 2408: 2202:

plays a key role in overconsumption. Based on the study of planned obsolescence in

1743: 1653: 1636: 1375: 1212: 1125: 1102: 1074:, and establish store locations strategically in areas with high consumer traffic. 1003: 991: 946: 813: 602: 547: 150: 5602:"The role of clothing and textile industries in growth and development strategies" 4284: 3695: 3616:"By the Numbers: The Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts of "Fast Fashion"" 1311:

This economic growth from fast fashion is demonstrated through how companies like

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China alone. United Kingdom textile consumption surged by 37% from 2001 to 2005.

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Zanjirani Farahani, Reza; Asgari, Nasrin; Van Wassenhove, Luk N. (March 2022).

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Bruce, Margaret; Daly, Lucy (1 July 2006). "Buyer behaviour for fast fashion".

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Hobson, J. (7 July 2013). "To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion".

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Juanga-Labayen, Jeanger P.; Labayen, Ildefonso V.; Yuan, Qiuyan (March 2022).

3938: 3853:"From analogue to digital supply chains: Implications for fashion marketing". 3830: 3759: 3268: 3216:"From analogue to digital supply chains: Implications for fashion marketing". 2650: 2562: 2392: 2291: 2281: 2269: 2071:

Thermal recovery – incineration of remaining textiles to collect usable energy

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There are many technologies that assist in the recycling of textile products:

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of fashion may need to transition towards a circular system of production and

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realized that social media advertisements could be a great way to reach their

1556: 1284: 1241: 1161: 1097: 868: 711: 5408: 5141: 5083: 5036: 4949: 4888: 4880: 4529:"Global fiber production reaches all-time high, preferred cotton share rises" 4500: 4468: 3521: 3364: 3119: 2887:"Why Zara Succeeds: It Focuses On Pulling People In, Not Pushing Product Out" 6721: 6426: 6409: 6404: 6292: 5949: 5307: 5269:"8 clothing rental services that let you change your wardrobe in an instant" 5027: 5010: 4745: 4679:"Fast Fashion Is the Second Dirtiest Industry in the World, Next to Big Oil" 4197: 3862: 3586:"Fast Fashion Global Market Report 2021: COVID-19 Growth and Change to 2030" 3418: 3301: 3225: 2922: 2349: 2239: 2148: 2035: 1778: 1691: 1670: 1564: 1521: 1352: 1332: 1176: 1064: 958: 954: 899: 876: 698: 481: 418: 5159: 4188:"Globalization: An introduction to fashion markets and fashion marketing". 3426: 2140: 1669:. A lean supply chain is characterized as the correct appropriation of the 1589:

The world saw a surge in these social media marketing practices during the

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Woyke, Elizabeth (10 April 2006). "Fashion's Bid to Knock Out Knockoffs".

5439: 5365: 4002: 3567: 3550: 3012:"A List Of 41 Fast Fashion Brands To Avoid - The Sustainable Living Guide" 6898: 6696: 6624: 6614: 6453: 5969: 5133: 4086: 2404: 2371: 2285: 2246: 2115: 1485:, a Brazilian chain, a new mini-collection is released every two months. 1466: 1410: 1406: 1398: 1391: 1348: 1336: 1292: 1129: 1118: 829: 825: 664: 2625: 6038: 4941: 4728:

Quick response : managing the supply chain to meet consumer demand

3144: 1607: 1529: 1474: 1324: 1153: 1082: 1027: 1023: 987: 923: 849: 833: 809: 4730:. Russell King, Alan Hunter. Chichester, West Sussex, England: Wiley. 2512: 1716:

People on the road protesting saying fast fashion destroys the climate

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of cotton material, resulting in less than $ 1 of cotton fabric used.

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are released into the environment by fashion-related operations. The

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Sull, Donald; Turconi, Stefano (June 2008). "Fast fashion lessons".

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for fast fashion retail, and 80 percent of those workers are women.

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changed the world of fashion by introducing new technology like the

837: 208:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 6007: 5464:"Labor-Intensive Industries: How immigration plays a critical role" 3145:"Sunday Times Style Magazine September 17th 2006 – Back in Fashion" 2010:, which offered a rebate to customers who turned in their clothes. 5918: 5397:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

4709:"A scrappy solution to the fashion industry's giant waste problem" 3204:

Quick Response - Managing the Supply Chain to Meet Consumer Demand

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The average American household produces 70 pounds (32 kg) of

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MVO Netherlands researched in 2019 that workers' monthly wages in

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would be fined $ 250,000, or $ 5 per copy, whichever is a larger

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Fast fashion particularly came to the fore during the vogue for "

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can be used to produce small garment runs for specific stores.

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and one of the earliest critics of fast fashion, notes in her

337: 235: 173: 117: 59: 18: 5052:"Slowing the fast fashion industry: An all-round perspective" 3445:"SS20's Biggest Trend? Slow Fashion That's Rooted In Reality" 2034:

There are categories or types of recycling that can be done:

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Supply chain, vendor relationships and internal relationships

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journalist Lauren Bravo sees fast fashion stretching back to

4796:"Your brand new returns end up in landfill | BBC Earth" 4313:"Shein is the future of fast fashion. Is that a good thing?" 3957:

Pfeifer, Margarida O. (September 2007). "Fast and Furious".

3064:"Uniqlo Is Going to Start Producing Clothing at Zara Speeds" 2733:"Uniqlo Is Going to Start Producing Clothing at Zara Speeds" 4644:"Environmental impact of the textile and clothing industry" 4361:"UN Alliance aims to put fashion on path to sustainability" 4341:

Hines, T (2010). "Trends in textile global supply chains".

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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES: demand driven and customer focused

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operate with no advertising, investing in store layout and

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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay

3475:"5 Sustainable Luxury Designers For Eco-Friendly Fashion" 832:. Retailers who employ the fast fashion strategy include 5011:"A Review on Textile Recycling Practices and Challenges" 4591:"Can 'upcycling' give Haiti's fashion industry a boost?" 1694:

so the team can consider lower cost production options.

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is the largest producer of clothing in under-developed

1880: 197: 83: 5835:"Retailer Forever 21 Facing A Slew of Design Lawsuits" 4761:"A New Textiles Economy: Redesigning Fashion's Future" 4028:"Why 8 Companies Offer Free Shipping On Their Website" 3614:

Reichart, Elizabeth; Drew, Deborah (10 January 2019).

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Overdressed: the shockingly high cost of cheap fashion

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Overdressed: The Shockingly High Cost of Cheap Fashion

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Overdressed: The Shockingly High Cost of Cheap Fashion

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Ekström, Karin M.; Salomonson, Nicklas (April 2014).

4390:"A New Textiles Economy: Redesiging Fashion's Future" 3719:. California Cotton Ginners and Growers Association. 2766:"Fashion History Lesson: The Origins of Fast Fashion" 2511:. Global Labor Justice. 24 March 2020. Archived from 1386:

The fast fashion industry faces criticism for hiring

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Keane, Jodie; te Velde, Dirk Willem (27 June 2014).

5578:. International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. 4485:. Sandy Black. New York: Thames & Hudson. 2013. 4221:

Baker, Rosie (June 2008). "Following fast fashion".

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Desai, Anuj; Nassar, Nedal; Chertow, Marian (2012).

1891:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a 6912: 6864: 6761: 6652: 6575: 6510: 6501: 6464: 6385: 6311: 6186: 6163: 6120: 6055: 2245:Brands and store companies that use sweatshops are 859:became less expensive—the result of more efficient 266:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5870:"What would happen if the world stopped shopping?" 5828: 5826: 5824: 5056:Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 3920: 2941: 2939: 855:Fast fashion grew during the late 20th century as 4459:"Profile of H&M: A Pioneer of Fast Fashion". 3952: 3950: 3948: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3666:"Polyethylene terephthalate prices globally 2022" 3555:Journal of Integrative Research & Reflection 2509:"Gender Based Violence in Garment Supply Chains" 4615:"What is fast fashion and why is it a problem?" 3977:"What is fast fashion and why is it a problem?" 3514:Women & Environments International Magazine 3380:Critical Perspectives on International Business 2857:"What is fast fashion and why is it a problem?" 945:businesses emerged, catering to members of the 2318:The International Labour Organization defines 982:and tailors who sold mass-produced affordable 949:, and employing workroom employees along with 6023: 5903: 5788: 5786: 5734: 5732: 4245:Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4112:"10 Concerning Fast Fashion Waste Statistics" 782: 153:. Please discuss this issue on the article's 8: 6145:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology 5430:Gwilt, Alison; Rissanen, Timo, eds. (2012). 3286:. Amsterdam; Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 3927:Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 3819:Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 3748:Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 2948:"How Fast Fashion Is Destroying the Planet" 2706:The George Washington University Law School 1850:Learn how and when to remove these messages 1602:, with 4.7 billion views as of March 2022. 53:Learn how and when to remove these messages 6507: 6382: 6030: 6016: 6008: 5910: 5896: 5888: 3694:International Monetary Fund (1980-01-01). 3202:Lowson, B., R. King, and A. Hunter. 1999. 3093: 3091: 3089: 2147:have turned to sizing technology that use 994:attained commercial acumen, but the brand 968:The former "Big Biba" building, circa 2006 789: 775: 423: 5149: 5026: 4252: 3566: 2946:Schlossberg, Tatiana (3 September 2019). 2539:"The environmental price of fast fashion" 1982:Learn how and when to remove this message 1964:Learn how and when to remove this message 1911:Learn how and when to remove this message 1737:Journalist Elizabeth L. Cline, author of 397:Learn how and when to remove this message 379:Learn how and when to remove this message 326:Learn how and when to remove this message 224:Learn how and when to remove this message 106:Learn how and when to remove this message 5515:"Facts on Bangladesh's Garment Industry" 3698:. FRED Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 2913: 2911: 2479:"Ultra-fast Fashion Is Eating the World" 5794:"110th Congress 1st Session H. R. 2033" 5696: 5694: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 2822: 2820: 2455: 435: 5740:"109th Congress 2d Session H. R. 5055" 5595: 5593: 5569: 5567: 5488:"Why do we need a Fashion Revolution?" 5233:Biondi, Annachiara (6 December 2018). 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4919: 4917: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4506: 4463:. No. 130. 2007. pp. 11–13. 4306: 4304: 4302: 4266: 4264: 4234: 4232: 4190:Fashion Marketing: Contemporary Issues 3855:Fashion Marketing: Contemporary Issues 3741: 3739: 3737: 3580: 3578: 3544: 3542: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3284:Fashion marketing: contemporary issues 3218:Fashion Marketing: Contemporary Issues 2543:Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 2363:United States House of Representatives 2294:has received backlash over its use of 1872:contains content that is written like 1085:store called Hennes & Mauritz (or 902:abatement measures have led to excess 16:Quick retail copying of catwalk trends 5845:from the original on 14 December 2022 5612:from the original on 14 December 2022 5494:from the original on 20 December 2017 5331: 5329: 5298:Chua, Jasmin Malik (29 August 2017). 5262: 5260: 5245:from the original on 14 December 2019 4555: 4553: 4440:from the original on October 25, 2015 4423: 4421: 3551:"The Impact of Fast Fashion on Women" 3438: 3436: 3282:Hines, Tony; Bruce, Margaret (2007). 3018:from the original on 12 December 2023 2975: 2973: 2759: 2757: 2577:from the original on 21 November 2022 2300:Rana Plaza factory building collapsed 2216:A 2014 article about fast fashion in 1374:. One basic T-shirt would require .5 986:for men. In the 1960s companies like 7: 6288:Social media in the fashion industry 4930:Production and Operations Management 3782:"Dirty Threads, Dangerous Factories" 3155:from the original on 11 January 2024 3104:The Journal of Corporate Citizenship 2019:Swedish Prison and Probation Service 1546:Social media in the fashion industry 879:, where women make up 85-90% of the 264:adding citations to reliable sources 5337:"Where Does Discarded Clothing Go?" 5314:from the original on 29 August 2017 5300:"Fast Fashion's Surprising Origins" 4430:"Where Does Discarded Clothing Go?" 4161:10.18848/1832-2077/CGP/v07i03/54938 2764:Idacavage, Sara (17 October 2018). 1238:2013 Dhaka garment factory collapse 487:Global trade of secondhand clothing 5703:Gender, Technology and Development 5652:10.1111/j.1467-7679.1995.tb00093.x 5279:from the original on 12 April 2020 4428:Cline, Elizabeth (July 18, 2014). 4273:Journal of Interactive Advertising 3455:from the original on 17 April 2020 3062:Gustashaw, Megan (20 March 2017). 2958:from the original on 26 April 2023 2731:Gustashaw, Megan (20 March 2017). 2712:from the original on April 6, 2024 2597:"Textile Machines Selection Guide" 2489:from the original on 3 August 2023 14: 5214:from the original on 31 July 2020 5202:Courtney, Liz (24 January 2020). 5122:Environmental Health Perspectives 4685:. August 17, 2015. Archived from 4406:from the original on June 6, 2021 3074:from the original on 7 April 2023 2306:Women and export processing zones 2183:Discarded clothes in London, 2019 1831:This article has multiple issues. 1363:in 2021 was 126 cents per pound. 660:Sustainability of vintage fashion 34:This article has multiple issues. 7028:21st century in economic history 6965: 6130:History of clothing and textiles 6111: 5803:. April 25, 2007. Archived from 5749:. March 30, 2006. Archived from 5267:Douglas, Demi (28 August 2019). 4483:The sustainable fashion handbook 4397:www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org 3516:. No. 96/97. pp. 7–9. 3112:10.9774/gleaf.4700.2012.sp.00006 3014:. The Sustainable Living Guide. 2803:10.1111/j.1467-8616.2008.00527.x 2314:July 2011, women and men working 2076:Design strategies and techniques 1927: 1861: 1820: 1279:often considered "problematic". 998:endured as a fast fashion icon. 755: 741: 443: 342: 240: 178: 137:to read and navigate comfortably 122: 64: 23: 6063:Environmental impact of fashion 5868:MacKinnon, J.B. (28 May 2021). 5833:Casabona, Liza (23 July 2007). 5553:from the original on 2018-04-11 5376:from the original on 2015-11-13 5347:from the original on 2015-11-18 5184:from the original on 2020-07-31 5174:"Sustainable design techniques" 5116:Claudio, Luz (September 2007). 5098:from the original on 2023-10-28 4964:from the original on 2023-03-22 4903:from the original on 2022-10-16 4836:from the original on 2023-10-27 4806:from the original on 2021-06-10 4777:from the original on 2019-12-11 4660:from the original on 2020-01-10 4625:from the original on 2022-04-09 4561:"Council for Textile Recycling" 4539:from the original on 2020-01-22 4371:from the original on 2020-03-24 4323:from the original on 2022-01-02 4170:from the original on 2023-04-06 4122:from the original on 2023-11-26 4068:from the original on 2022-12-04 4038:from the original on 2022-12-04 3792:from the original on 2022-05-31 3723:from the original on 2022-05-22 3676:from the original on 2022-05-25 3596:from the original on 2022-05-17 3528:from the original on 2022-05-17 3485:from the original on 2020-07-31 3443:Quick, Harriet (6 March 2020). 3349:. New York: Portfolio/Penguin. 3327:from the original on 2021-10-26 3185:from the original on 2019-05-03 3126:from the original on 2022-07-08 3044:from the original on 2023-04-08 2992:from the original on 2023-04-08 2897:from the original on 2022-10-11 2867:from the original on 2022-11-23 2838:from the original on 2021-08-23 2743:from the original on 2023-04-07 2657:from the original on 2021-04-14 2632:from the original on 2020-10-01 2607:from the original on 2021-03-16 2422:Impact of fast fashion in China 2335:Design legislation and lawsuits 1839:or discuss these issues on the 1753:Global Fashion Business Journal 1704:Environmental impact of fashion 1014:Fast fashion retailers such as 553:Biodegradable athletic footwear 453:Environmental impact of fashion 251:needs additional citations for 42:or discuss these issues on the 5543:"Planet Money Makes A T-Shirt" 4589:DuFault, Amy (16 April 2014). 4436:. The Atlantic Monthly Group. 4026:Farmiloe, Brett (2021-06-10). 3717:"How Much Cotton Does It Take" 2603:. Global Spec Engineering360. 608:Socially responsible investing 1: 4461:Textile Outlook International 4285:10.1080/15252019.2018.1533501 4110:Igini, Martina (2023-08-21). 3549:Chang, Andrea (9 June 2020). 2921:. hmgroup.com. Archived from 2828:"What Makes Zara So Special?" 2359:Design Piracy Prohibition Act 2100:Design for disassembly (DfD): 1762:every year. The residents of 7023:Clothing and the environment 5235:"Can fast fashion be green?" 4311:Nguyen, Terry (2021-07-13). 4254:10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n3s1p173 1117:A H&M store in Downtown 865:quick response manufacturing 712:Environmental record of Nike 5432:Shaping Sustainable Fashion 5076:10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100684 3345:Cline, Elizabeth L (2013). 3315:Davies, Nina (2020-10-27). 2653:. Good On You. 2018-08-07. 578:Environmental impact design 204:the claims made and adding 145:content into sub-articles, 7049: 6135:History of Western fashion 5715:10.1177/097185240601000203 4001:Lai, Olivia (2021-11-10). 3590:www.researchandmarkets.com 3392:10.1108/cpoib-09-2013-0035 3179:publications.parliament.uk 2237: 2094:Minimal seam construction: 1998: 1809: 1727:Ellen MacArthur Foundation 1701: 1543: 1351:. Fast fashion invests in 6960: 6140:History of fashion design 6109: 6049:Index of fashion articles 6046: 5925: 5640:Development Policy Review 4869:Journal of Macromarketing 4565:www.weardonaterecycle.org 3939:10.1108/13612020610679303 3831:10.1108/13612020610679286 3786:The Garment Worker Center 3760:10.1108/JFMM-12-2020-0260 3620:World Resources Institute 2563:10.1038/s43017-020-0039-9 2225:or historic collections. 2192:. Dana Thomas, author of 2168:American Eagle Style Drop 2155:to help cut waste, while 2131:Fast fashion brands like 1469:. The Spanish mega chain 1042:. Established in 1963 in 898:, chemicals, and minimal 857:manufacturing of clothing 6520:British country clothing 6078:Fashion design copyright 5409:10.1177/0002716212449452 4881:10.1177/0276146714529658 4824:McFall-Johnsen, Morgan. 4768:ellenmacarthurfoundation 4239:Michaela, Elram (2015). 4192:. 2012. pp. 21–45. 3857:. 2012. pp. 46–67. 3696:"Global price of Cotton" 3220:. 2012. pp. 46–67. 2791:Business Strategy Review 1791:greenhouse gas emissions 1498:. This creates a lot of 6879:Anti-sweatshop movement 5028:10.3390/textiles2010010 4198:10.4324/9780080506241-8 4091:.packaginginsights.com/ 4003:"What is Fast Fashion?" 3863:10.4324/9780080506241-9 3226:10.4324/9780080506241-9 2919:"H&M Group History" 2651:"What Is Fast Fashion?" 2320:export processing zones 2157:artificial intelligence 1936:Some of this section's 1584:"celebrity ambassadors" 1494:amount of money to get 1422:U.S. standard of living 351:Some of this article's 7018:Clothing controversies 6930:Chinoiserie in fashion 5574:Sarah, Perman (2004). 5522:Clean Clothes Campaign 5366:"Planned obsolescence" 4513:: CS1 maint: others ( 2354: 2315: 2261:and plenty of others. 2184: 2164:New York & Company 2112:Pull factor framework: 1717: 1685:Internal relationships 1540:Social media marketing 1121: 1031:fraction of the cost. 969: 852:-conscious consumers. 808:of replicating recent 598:Reconstructed clothing 588:Public interest design 421: 413:Clothes for sale at a 86:by rewriting it in an 6266:Fashion merchandising 5977:Instant gratification 5665:Joni, Seager (2018). 5440:10.4324/9780203126172 4140:Payne, Alice (2011). 3568:10.15353/jirr.v3.1624 3419:10.1093/occmed/kqt079 3407:Occupational Medicine 3151:. 17 September 2006. 3010:Eric (30 July 2023). 2675:Lauren Bravo (2020). 2401:Diane von Fürstenberg 2397:intellectual property 2367:U.S. Copyright Office 2352: 2313: 2259:Abercrombie and Fitch 2182: 1999:Further information: 1893:neutral point of view 1810:Further information: 1715: 1544:Further information: 1453:Quick response method 1401:that manufacture for 1116: 967: 928:Industrial Revolution 412: 7013:21st-century fashion 6841:South Korean fashion 6303:Trickle-down fashion 6241:Fashion illustration 6226:Fashion entrepreneur 6103:Semiotics of fashion 5987:Planned obsolescence 5965:Online food ordering 5468:New American Economy 5134:10.1289/ehp.115-a449 4726:Lowson, Bob (1999). 3249:Hines, Tony (2018). 3206:. Chichester: Wiley. 2885:Danziger, Pamela N. 2210:quick response model 2200:Planned obsolescence 1698:Environmental impact 1677:Vendor relationships 1619:"Supermarket" market 1576:internet celebrities 1534:visual merchandising 1234:developing countries 1206:Slow fashion counter 888:environmental impact 573:Environmental design 472:Ecological footprint 260:improve this article 6889:Sustainable fashion 6856:Vietnamese clothing 6387:Western dress codes 6261:Fashion photography 6236:Fashion forecasting 5810:on December 5, 2010 5068:2022COGSC..3800684C 4651:European Parliament 3508:Khan, Rimi (2016). 2700:Ross, Emma (2021). 2555:2020NRvEE...1..189N 2477:(6 February 2021). 2407:and Gwen Stefani's 2106:Craft preservation: 1885:promotional content 1812:Sustainable fashion 1458:Quick Response (QR) 1447:category management 1063:Thus, with shorter 896:synthetic materials 502:Textile performance 6972:Fashion portal 6920:Ballet and fashion 6904:Zero-waste fashion 6620:Sportswear fashion 6298:Trickle-up fashion 6283:Red carpet fashion 6251:Fashion journalism 6246:Fashion influencer 5997:Throw-away society 5756:on October 8, 2008 5513:Stotz, L. (2015). 4942:10.1111/poms.13596 4759:MacArthur, Ellen. 2952:The New York Times 2601:www.globalspec.com 2355: 2329:global value chain 2316: 2276:countries such as 2185: 2086:Zero-waste pattern 1887:and inappropriate 1718: 1708:Zero-waste fashion 1489:Delivery and waste 1230:working conditions 1122: 970: 957:of the so-called ‘ 762:Environment portal 722:Laundry wastewater 670:Zero-waste fashion 422: 189:possibly contains 88:encyclopedic style 75:is written like a 7003:Clothing industry 6980: 6979: 6947:Music and fashion 6757: 6756: 6707:Thrift store chic 6535:Cruise collection 6497: 6496: 6422:Black lounge suit 6206:Designer clothing 6201:Clothing industry 6068:Fashion accessory 6005: 6004: 5992:Same-day delivery 5940:Convenience store 5676:978-0-14-313234-9 5669:. Penguin Books. 5667:The women's atlas 5606:ODI: Think change 5449:978-1-136-45446-2 4492:978-0-500-29056-9 4225:. pp. 37–39. 4207:978-0-08-050624-1 3872:978-0-08-050624-1 3356:978-1-59184-654-3 3293:978-0-08-046817-4 3260:978-1-138-47101-6 3235:978-0-08-050624-1 2626:"Garment Workers" 2015:Swedish Red Cross 2001:Textile recycling 1992: 1991: 1984: 1974: 1973: 1966: 1921: 1920: 1913: 1854: 1732:consumer behavior 1673:for the product. 1553:consumer behavior 1276:disposable income 1264:Vivienne Westwood 1218:conscious fashion 1038:, the founder of 881:garment workforce 799: 798: 717:Ecological design 655:Textile recycling 407: 406: 399: 389: 388: 381: 336: 335: 328: 310: 234: 233: 226: 191:original research 172: 171: 116: 115: 108: 57: 7040: 6998:Fashion industry 6970: 6969: 6968: 6925:Capsule wardrobe 6884:Circular fashion 6866:Fashion activism 6831:Nigerian fashion 6826:Japanese fashion 6784:Filipino fashion 6774:Canadian fashion 6769:American fashion 6508: 6383: 6115: 6032: 6025: 6018: 6009: 5935:Convenience food 5912: 5905: 5898: 5889: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5830: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5809: 5798: 5790: 5781: 5780: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5755: 5744: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5698: 5689: 5688: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5635: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5597: 5588: 5587: 5571: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5519: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5391: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5381: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5352: 5333: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5264: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5189: 5170: 5164: 5163: 5153: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5030: 5006: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4969: 4936:(3): 1089–1114. 4921: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4860: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4841: 4830:Business Insider 4821: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4811: 4800:www.bbcearth.com 4792: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4782: 4776: 4765: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4659: 4648: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4630: 4619:Ethical Consumer 4611: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4601: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4576: 4567:. Archived from 4557: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4544: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4512: 4504: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4456: 4450: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4425: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4405: 4394: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4376: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4328: 4308: 4297: 4296: 4268: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4236: 4227: 4226: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4169: 4146: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4127: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4097: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4073: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4043: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4013: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3988: 3981:Ethical Consumer 3973: 3967: 3966: 3954: 3943: 3942: 3922: 3895: 3892: 3886: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3814: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3797: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3743: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3728: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3703: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3681: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3646:Business Insider 3640:Akhtar, Allana. 3637: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3601: 3582: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3546: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3533: 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fashion 6632:Ghetto fabulous 6571: 6525:Business casual 6493: 6460: 6381: 6313: 6307: 6221:Fashion capital 6211:Digital fashion 6182: 6159: 6116: 6107: 6098:Fashion tourism 6051: 6042: 6036: 6006: 6001: 5982:Overconsumption 5921: 5916: 5878: 5876: 5867: 5864: 5862:Further reading 5859: 5858: 5848: 5846: 5832: 5831: 5822: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5796: 5792: 5791: 5784: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5759: 5757: 5753: 5742: 5738: 5737: 5730: 5700: 5699: 5692: 5677: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5637: 5636: 5625: 5615: 5613: 5599: 5598: 5591: 5573: 5572: 5565: 5556: 5554: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5526: 5524: 5517: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5497: 5495: 5486: 5485: 5481: 5472: 5470: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5450: 5429: 5428: 5424: 5393: 5392: 5388: 5379: 5377: 5364: 5363: 5359: 5350: 5348: 5335: 5334: 5327: 5317: 5315: 5297: 5296: 5292: 5282: 5280: 5266: 5265: 5258: 5248: 5246: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5217: 5215: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5187: 5185: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5101: 5099: 5049: 5048: 5044: 5008: 5007: 4976: 4967: 4965: 4923: 4922: 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6587: 6581: 6579: 6577:Street fashion 6573: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6548: 6547: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6516: 6514: 6505: 6499: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6491: 6489:Modest fashion 6486: 6481: 6476: 6470: 6468: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6451: 6449:Cocktail dress 6446: 6436: 6435: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6391: 6389: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6373: 6372: 6367: 6366: 6365: 6355: 6350: 6340: 6339: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6317: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6231:Fashion editor 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6192: 6190: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6180: 6175: 6169: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6126: 6124: 6118: 6117: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6088:Fashion museum 6085: 6083:Fashion matrix 6080: 6075: 6073:Fashion design 6070: 6065: 6059: 6057: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6037: 6035: 6034: 6027: 6020: 6012: 6003: 6002: 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Aug 2, 2019. 4700: 4670: 4635: 4621:. 2019-09-05. 4606: 4581: 4549: 4533:www.themds.com 4520: 4491: 4474: 4451: 4417: 4381: 4352: 4333: 4298: 4260: 4228: 4213: 4206: 4180: 4155:(3): 237–246. 4132: 4102: 4078: 4056:Perry, Patsy. 4048: 4018: 3993: 3968: 3944: 3933:(3): 329–344. 3896: 3887: 3878: 3871: 3845: 3836: 3825:(3): 301–315. 3802: 3773: 3754:(2): 289–306. 3733: 3708: 3686: 3657: 3632: 3606: 3574: 3538: 3495: 3479:The Good Trade 3466: 3432: 3413:(5): 317–319. 3397: 3386:(1/2): 72–83. 3370: 3355: 3337: 3307: 3292: 3274: 3259: 3241: 3234: 3208: 3195: 3166: 3136: 3085: 3054: 3029: 3002: 2969: 2935: 2907: 2877: 2863:. 2019-09-05. 2848: 2834:. 2020-06-16. 2816: 2781: 2753: 2723: 2692: 2685: 2667: 2642: 2617: 2588: 2549:(4): 189–200. 2526: 2500: 2475:Monroe, Rachel 2454: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2424: 2417: 2414: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2357:H.R. 5055, or 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2307: 2304: 2238:Main article: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2176: 2173: 2153:3D prototyping 2128: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2120:Harvey Nichols 2109: 2103: 2097: 2091: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1972: 1971: 1938:listed sources 1935: 1933: 1926: 1919: 1918: 1889:external links 1869: 1867: 1860: 1855: 1829: 1828: 1826: 1819: 1807: 1806:Sustainability 1804: 1800:carbon dioxide 1787:United Nations 1768:European Union 1699: 1696: 1686: 1683: 1678: 1675: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1541: 1538: 1518: 1515: 1500:impulse buying 1490: 1487: 1454: 1451: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1383: 1380: 1344: 1341: 1323:, Bangladesh, 1300: 1297: 1207: 1204: 1188:quick response 1110: 1107: 1079:Erling Persson 1049:New York Times 1044:Galicia, Spain 1036:Amancio Ortega 932:sewing machine 911: 908: 818:mass-producing 806:business model 797: 796: 794: 793: 786: 779: 771: 768: 767: 766: 765: 751: 748:Fashion portal 734: 733: 730: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 702: 695: 690: 684: 681: 680: 677: 676: 673: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 651: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 610: 605: 600: 595: 593:Organic cotton 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 544: 542:Sustainability 541: 540: 537: 536: 533: 532: 527: 522: 516: 513: 512: 509: 508: 505: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 463: 460: 459: 456: 455: 449: 448: 440: 439: 433: 432: 405: 404: 387: 386: 353:listed sources 350: 348: 341: 334: 333: 275:"Fast fashion" 248: 246: 239: 232: 231: 186: 184: 177: 170: 169: 149:it, or adding 130: 128: 121: 114: 113: 72: 70: 63: 58: 32: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7045: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6973: 6963: 6962: 6959: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6941: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6911: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6863: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6642: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6633: 6630: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6574: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6557:Sloane Ranger 6555: 6553: 6550: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6500: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6440: 6437: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6415: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6400:Morning dress 6398: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6384: 6378: 6375: 6371: 6368: 6364: 6361: 6360: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6341: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6323: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6114: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6093:Fashion plate 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6033: 6028: 6026: 6021: 6019: 6014: 6013: 6010: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5960:Food delivery 5958: 5956: 5955:Drive-through 5953: 5952: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5927: 5924: 5920: 5913: 5908: 5906: 5901: 5899: 5894: 5893: 5890: 5875: 5871: 5866: 5865: 5861: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5806: 5802: 5801:www.aipla.org 5795: 5789: 5787: 5783: 5779:. p. 16. 5778: 5777:Business Week 5771: 5768: 5752: 5748: 5747:www.aipla.org 5741: 5735: 5733: 5729: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5672: 5668: 5661: 5658: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5624: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5570: 5568: 5564: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5538: 5535: 5523: 5516: 5509: 5506: 5493: 5489: 5483: 5480: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5456: 5451: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5426: 5423: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5390: 5387: 5375: 5371: 5370:The Economist 5367: 5361: 5358: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5330: 5326: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5291: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5263: 5261: 5257: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5229: 5226: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5198: 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4402: 4398: 4391: 4385: 4382: 4370: 4366: 4365:www.unece.org 4362: 4356: 4353: 4348: 4344: 4337: 4334: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4224: 4217: 4214: 4209: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4184: 4181: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4143: 4136: 4133: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4106: 4103: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4052: 4049: 4037: 4033: 4032:www.score.org 4029: 4022: 4019: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3994: 3982: 3978: 3972: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3891: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3874: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3849: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3722: 3718: 3712: 3709: 3697: 3690: 3687: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3647: 3643: 3636: 3633: 3621: 3617: 3610: 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ROUTLEDGE. 3252: 3245: 3242: 3237: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3199: 3196: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3170: 3167: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3106:(45): 53–78. 3105: 3101: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3058: 3055: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3017: 3013: 3006: 3003: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2925:on 2020-04-07 2924: 2920: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2881: 2878: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2852: 2849: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2785: 2782: 2771: 2767: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2727: 2724: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2696: 2693: 2688: 2686:9781472267733 2682: 2678: 2671: 2668: 2656: 2652: 2646: 2643: 2631: 2627: 2621: 2618: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2592: 2589: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2514: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2449: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2429: 2428:The True Cost 2425: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2386: 2384: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2351: 2344: 2340:United States 2339: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2312: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2241: 2233: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2205:The Economist 2201: 2197: 2195: 2194:Fashionopolis 2191: 2181: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2126: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2075: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2002: 1994: 1986: 1983: 1968: 1965: 1957: 1945: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1924: 1915: 1912: 1904: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1876: 1875: 1870:This section 1868: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1851: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1764:New York City 1761: 1760:textile waste 1756: 1754: 1751: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1728: 1724: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1684: 1682: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1654:Supply chains 1648: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1637:import quotas 1634: 1630: 1629:market timing 1626: 1618: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1547: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1523: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1511:microplastics 1508: 1507:plastic waste 1503: 1501: 1497: 1496:free shipping 1488: 1486: 1484: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1462: 1459: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1439:target market 1432: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1418: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1343:Manufacturing 1342: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1289:manufacturers 1286: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1259: 1257: 1256: 1255:British Vogue 1251: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1120: 1115: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1072:word of mouth 1068: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1012: 1009: 1005: 999: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 976: 966: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 939: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 909: 907: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 884: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 861:supply chains 858: 853: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 792: 787: 785: 780: 778: 773: 772: 770: 769: 763: 758: 752: 749: 738: 737: 736: 735: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 707: 706:The True Cost 703: 701: 700: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 685: 679: 678: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 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casual 6432:Evening gown 6271:Fast fashion 6270: 6216:Fashion blog 6178:Fashion week 6173:Fashion show 6155:21st century 6150:19th century 5945:Fast fashion 5944: 5919:Fast culture 5877:. 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