546:
31:
1304:
1995:
177:
541:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&m\propto E;\quad E={\frac {\text{molar mass}}{\text{valence}}}={\frac {M}{v}}\\&\implies m_{1}:m_{2}:m_{3}:\ldots =E_{1}:E_{2}:E_{3}:\ldots \\&\implies Z_{1}Q:Z_{2}Q:Z_{3}Q:\ldots =E_{1}:E_{2}:E_{3}:\ldots \\&\implies Z_{1}:Z_{2}:Z_{3}:\ldots =E_{1}:E_{2}:E_{3}:\ldots \end{aligned}}}
154:
discovered that when the same amount of electric current is passed through different electrolytes connected in series, the masses of the substances deposited or liberated at the electrodes are directly proportional to their respective chemical
842:
704:
1184:
135:
182:
1283:
986:
1035:
1970:
1084:
599:
916:
587:
143:, is called the electro-chemical equivalent (ECE) of the substance. Thus, the ECE can be defined as the mass of the substance deposited or liberated per unit charge.
1100:
1965:
770:
1600:
1798:
91:
1760:
1547:
1912:
1520:
2029:
1975:
1918:
1876:
1945:
1821:
1791:
1345:
556:
A monovalent ion requires 1 electron for discharge, a divalent ion requires 2 electrons for discharge and so on. Thus, if
72:
1650:
1561:
1671:
1615:
1585:
1704:
1411:
Ehl, Rosemary Gene; Ihde, Aaron (1954). "Faraday's
Electrochemical Laws and the Determination of Equivalent Weights".
1231:
1575:
1540:
1525:
2019:
1980:
1866:
1196:
2039:
2034:
1998:
1935:
1784:
1643:
945:
2024:
1638:
1605:
1533:
997:
1054:
1485:
1420:
892:
563:
1891:
1590:
1451:
1048:
860:
30:
17:
1881:
1694:
1625:
1620:
1393:
1373:
67:) of a substance deposited or liberated at an electrode is directly proportional to the charge (
1960:
1689:
739:
719:
156:
1950:
1940:
1886:
1836:
1750:
1729:
1655:
1493:
1428:
1385:
926:
752:
45:
1861:
1856:
1807:
1580:
1369:
49:
34:
837:{\displaystyle Z={\frac {m}{Q}}={\frac {1}{F}}\left({\frac {M}{v}}\right)={\frac {E}{F}}}
699:{\displaystyle m={\frac {xM}{vN_{\rm {A}}}}={\frac {QM}{eN_{\rm {A}}v}}={\frac {QM}{vF}}}
1489:
1424:
1955:
1826:
1630:
1610:
1350:
83:
1303:
2013:
1896:
1674:
1397:
1871:
1831:
1557:
1340:
1314: with: Real-life application/worked out eg. of Faraday's Laws. You can help by
1846:
1765:
1755:
1595:
1206:
In the more complicated case of a variable electric current, the total charge
1095:
For the case of an alloy whose constituents have different valencies, we have
852:
1719:
1714:
1179:{\displaystyle m={\frac {It}{F\times \sum _{i}{\frac {w_{i}v_{i}}{M_{i}}}}}}
1389:
1699:
1684:
1709:
1679:
1432:
1724:
1497:
79:
76:
855:
of the substance (usually given in SI units of grams per mole) and
1841:
1776:
29:
1734:
1780:
1529:
130:{\displaystyle m\propto Q\quad \implies \quad {\frac {m}{Q}}=Z}
1298:
864:
1476:
Strong, F. C. (1961). "Faraday's Laws in One
Equation".
1315:
734:
is the total charge, equal to the number of electrons (
1065:
897:
568:
1234:
1103:
1057:
1000:
948:
895:
773:
602:
566:
180:
94:
1971:
Institute of
Physics Michael Faraday Medal and Prize
1928:
1905:
1814:
1743:
1664:
1568:
1091:
is the total time the constant current was applied.
1277:
1178:
1078:
1029:
980:
910:
836:
698:
581:
540:
129:
1378:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
1278:{\displaystyle Q=\int _{0}^{t}I(\tau )\,d\tau }
1517:, third edition (2005), principles of physics.
1966:Royal Society of London Michael Faraday Prize
1792:
1541:
889:are constants; thus, the larger the value of
874:are constants; thus, the larger the value of
8:
1452:"Faraday's laws of electrolysis | chemistry"
44:are quantitative relationships based on the
1799:
1785:
1777:
1548:
1534:
1526:
446:
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338:
334:
239:
235:
109:
105:
1268:
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1110:
1102:
1064:
1056:
1007:
999:
955:
947:
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824:
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793:
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772:
676:
660:
659:
641:
628:
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522:
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410:
397:
375:
359:
343:
315:
302:
289:
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257:
244:
218:
205:
181:
179:
163:). This turns out to be the molar mass (
111:
93:
1761:Standard electrode potential (data page)
1361:
139:Here, the constant of proportionality,
7:
1913:Royal Institution Christmas Lectures
1446:
1444:
1442:
764:Faraday's laws can be summarized by
981:{\displaystyle m={\frac {ItM}{Fv}}}
1665:Materials produced by electrolysis
1030:{\displaystyle n={\frac {It}{Fv}}}
661:
629:
25:
18:Faraday's law of electrolysis
1079:{\displaystyle n={\tfrac {m}{M}}}
27:Physical laws of electrochemistry
1994:
1993:
1976:Faraday Medal (electrochemistry)
1919:The Chemical History of a Candle
1302:
918:(equivalent weight), the larger
1051:("number of moles") liberated:
925:In the simple case of constant-
911:{\displaystyle {\tfrac {M}{v}}}
582:{\displaystyle {\tfrac {x}{v}}}
198:
110:
104:
1852:Faraday's laws of electrolysis
1601:Electrolysis of carbon dioxide
1521:Experiment with Faraday's laws
1265:
1259:
443:
335:
236:
106:
42:Faraday's laws of electrolysis
1:
1946:Faraday Building (Manchester)
1877:Faraday's ice pail experiment
1478:Journal of Chemical Education
1474:For a similar treatment, see
1413:Journal of Chemical Education
1374:"on Electrical Decomposition"
1651:Electrochemical fluorination
1562:Standard electrode potential
1705:Hydrogen evolution reaction
2056:
1822:Faraday's law of induction
1576:Betts electrolytic process
1513:Serway, Moses, and Moyer,
1346:Faraday's law of induction
885:For Faraday's second law,
167:) divided by the valence (
2030:Electrochemical equations
1989:
1981:Faraday Lectureship Prize
1867:Faraday-efficiency effect
870:For Faraday's first law,
1999:Category:Michael Faraday
1936:Michael Faraday Memorial
1210:is the electric current
63:reported that the mass (
1586:Castner–Kellner process
1456:Encyclopedia Britannica
589:atoms are discharged.
1569:Electrolytic processes
1390:10.1098/rstl.1834.0008
1279:
1180:
1080:
1031:
982:
912:
838:
700:
583:
542:
131:
48:research published by
38:
1606:Electrolysis of water
1280:
1221:integrated over time
1181:
1081:
1032:
983:
913:
839:
701:
584:
543:
132:
33:
1616:Hall–Héroult process
1556:Articles related to
1232:
1101:
1055:
998:
946:
893:
771:
600:
564:
178:
92:
1591:Chloralkali process
1490:1961JChEd..38...98S
1425:1954JChEd..31..226E
1296:electrolysis time.
1255:
1049:amount of substance
1882:Faraday efficiency
1695:Electrolysed water
1626:Kolbe electrolysis
1621:Hofmann voltameter
1275:
1241:
1176:
1136:
1076:
1074:
1027:
978:
908:
906:
834:
696:
579:
577:
538:
536:
127:
39:
2007:
2006:
1961:IET Faraday Medal
1774:
1773:
1433:10.1021/ed031p226
1332:
1331:
1174:
1171:
1127:
1073:
1025:
976:
905:
832:
815:
801:
788:
760:Mathematical form
740:elementary charge
720:Avogadro constant
694:
671:
636:
576:
226:
213:
212:
209:
157:equivalent weight
119:
16:(Redirected from
2047:
2020:Electrochemistry
1997:
1996:
1951:Faraday (crater)
1941:Faraday Building
1887:Electrochemistry
1837:Faraday constant
1801:
1794:
1787:
1778:
1751:Electrochemistry
1730:Sodium hydroxide
1656:Wohlwill process
1550:
1543:
1536:
1527:
1502:
1501:
1498:10.1021/ed038p98
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1448:
1437:
1436:
1419:(May): 226–232.
1408:
1402:
1401:
1370:Faraday, Michael
1366:
1327:
1324:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1254:
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1224:
1220:
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1202:
1194:
1185:
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1177:
1175:
1173:
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1170:
1169:
1160:
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1158:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1135:
1119:
1111:
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1085:
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1077:
1075:
1066:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1016:
1008:
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985:
984:
979:
977:
975:
967:
956:
938:
921:
917:
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914:
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907:
898:
888:
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877:
873:
858:
850:
843:
841:
840:
835:
833:
825:
820:
816:
808:
802:
794:
789:
781:
753:Faraday constant
750:
744:
737:
733:
717:
705:
703:
702:
697:
695:
693:
685:
677:
672:
670:
666:
665:
664:
650:
642:
637:
635:
634:
633:
632:
618:
610:
595:
588:
586:
585:
580:
578:
569:
560:electrons flow,
559:
547:
545:
544:
539:
537:
527:
526:
514:
513:
501:
500:
482:
481:
469:
468:
456:
455:
438:
428:
427:
415:
414:
402:
401:
380:
379:
364:
363:
348:
347:
330:
320:
319:
307:
306:
294:
293:
275:
274:
262:
261:
249:
248:
231:
227:
219:
214:
210:
207:
206:
184:
170:
166:
162:
142:
136:
134:
133:
128:
120:
112:
70:
66:
21:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2040:Michael Faraday
2035:Scientific laws
2010:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1985:
1924:
1901:
1862:Faraday rotator
1857:Faraday paradox
1810:
1808:Michael Faraday
1805:
1775:
1770:
1739:
1720:Potassium metal
1715:Magnesium metal
1660:
1581:Castner process
1564:
1554:
1510:
1508:Further reading
1505:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1440:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1312:needs expansion
1289:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1195:represents the
1193:
1189:
1161:
1150:
1140:
1139:
1120:
1112:
1099:
1098:
1088:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1017:
1009:
996:
995:
968:
957:
944:
943:
930:
919:
891:
890:
886:
879:
875:
871:
856:
848:
803:
769:
768:
762:
748:
742:
735:
725:
716:
710:
686:
678:
655:
651:
643:
623:
619:
611:
598:
597:
593:
592:Thus, the mass
562:
561:
557:
554:
535:
534:
518:
505:
492:
473:
460:
447:
436:
435:
419:
406:
393:
371:
355:
339:
328:
327:
311:
298:
285:
266:
253:
240:
229:
228:
176:
175:
168:
164:
160:
149:
140:
90:
89:
68:
64:
61:Michael Faraday
58:
50:Michael Faraday
46:electrochemical
35:Michael Faraday
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2053:
2051:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1956:Faraday Future
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1827:Faraday effect
1824:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1631:Hoopes process
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1611:Electrowinning
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1515:Modern Physics
1509:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1467:
1438:
1403:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1351:Tafel equation
1348:
1343:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1309:
1307:
1286:
1285:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1191:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1038:
1037:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1003:
989:
988:
974:
971:
966:
963:
960:
954:
951:
929:electrolysis,
904:
901:
845:
844:
831:
828:
823:
819:
814:
811:
806:
800:
797:
792:
787:
784:
779:
776:
761:
758:
757:
756:
746:
723:
714:
692:
689:
684:
681:
675:
669:
663:
658:
654:
649:
646:
640:
631:
626:
622:
617:
614:
608:
605:
596:discharged is
575:
572:
553:
550:
549:
548:
533:
530:
525:
521:
517:
512:
508:
504:
499:
495:
491:
488:
485:
480:
476:
472:
467:
463:
459:
454:
450:
445:
441:
439:
437:
434:
431:
426:
422:
418:
413:
409:
405:
400:
396:
392:
389:
386:
383:
378:
374:
370:
367:
362:
358:
354:
351:
346:
342:
337:
333:
331:
329:
326:
323:
318:
314:
310:
305:
301:
297:
292:
288:
284:
281:
278:
273:
269:
265:
260:
256:
252:
247:
243:
238:
234:
232:
230:
225:
222:
217:
204:
201:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
183:
148:
145:
126:
123:
118:
115:
108:
103:
100:
97:
57:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2052:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1897:Line of force
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:Lithium metal
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1680:Calcium metal
1678:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1468:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1317:
1313:
1310:This section
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1203:-th element.
1198:
1197:mass fraction
1186:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1096:
1087:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1050:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1004:
1001:
994:
993:
992:
972:
969:
964:
961:
958:
952:
949:
942:
941:
940:
939:, leading to
937:
933:
928:
923:
902:
899:
883:
878:, the larger
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2025:Electrolysis
1917:
1892:Faraday disc
1872:Faraday wave
1851:
1832:Faraday cage
1725:Sodium metal
1675:(extraction)
1635:Dow process
1558:electrolysis
1514:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1459:. Retrieved
1455:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1381:
1377:
1364:
1341:Electrolysis
1320:
1316:adding to it
1311:
1293:
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1097:
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991:and then to
990:
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730:
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60:
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1847:Faraday cup
1766:Electrology
1756:Gas cracker
1323:August 2020
155:equivalent/
2014:Categories
1596:Downs cell
1461:2020-09-01
1384:: 77–122.
1357:References
853:molar mass
552:Derivation
208:molar mass
147:Second law
75:units are
1672:Aluminium
1644:Magnesium
1484:(2): 98.
1398:116224057
1273:τ
1263:τ
1243:∫
1129:∑
1125:×
922:will be.
882:will be.
532:…
487:…
444:⟹
433:…
388:…
336:⟹
325:…
280:…
237:⟹
190:∝
107:⟹
99:∝
56:First law
52:in 1833.
1906:Lectures
1744:See also
1700:Fluorine
1685:Chlorine
1372:(1834).
1335:See also
84:coulombs
1929:Related
1815:Physics
1639:Bromine
1486:Bibcode
1421:Bibcode
1292:is the
1199:of the
1047:is the
1040:where:
927:current
887:Q, F, v
872:M, F, v
863:of the
861:valency
859:is the
851:is the
751:is the
718:is the
706:where
211:valence
152:Faraday
80:seconds
1690:Copper
1396:
1223:τ
1217:τ
1188:where
847:where
77:ampere
1842:Farad
1394:S2CID
1294:total
1288:Here
1735:Zinc
865:ions
1494:doi
1429:doi
1386:doi
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82:or
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196:;
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165:M
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159:(
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125:Z
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117:Q
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37:.
20:)
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