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wrote in a 2007 article that the campaign of countermeasures based on
Farewell's dossier was an economic war; that although there were no deaths in the gas pipeline explosion, the Soviet economy was significantly damaged; and that between 1984 and 1985, the United States and its NATO allies had put
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directorate for scientific and technical intelligence collection from the West. He became increasingly disillusioned with the Soviet system and decided to work with the French at the end of the 1970s. Between early 1981 and early 1982, Vetrov gave almost 4,000 secret documents to the DST, including
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Intelligence shortcomings, as we see, have a thousand fathers; secret intelligence triumphs are orphans. Here is the unremarked story of "the
Farewell dossier": how a CIA campaign of computer sabotage resulting in a huge explosion in Siberia — all engineered by a mild-mannered economist named Gus
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Vetrov was a 53-year-old engineer assigned to evaluate the intelligence on capitalist hardware and software collected by spies ("Line X") for
Directorate T. He became disillusioned, and at the end of 1980 volunteered his services to France for ideological reasons. French intelligence gave him the
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Weiss worked down the hall from me in the Nixon administration. In early 1974, he wrote a report on Soviet advances in technology through purchasing and copying that led the beleaguered president -- détente notwithstanding -- to place restrictions on the export of computers and software to the
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said
Mitterrand described the man as belonging to a section that was evaluating the achievements of Soviet efforts to acquire NATO technology. Reagan expressed great interest in Mitterrand's revelations and thanked him for having the material sent to the United States government. It was passed
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with about four thousand secret documents, including a list of Soviet organizations in scientific collection and summary reports from
Directorate T on the goals, achievements, and unfulfilled objectives of the program. He revealed the names of more than 200 Line X officers stationed in 10 KGB
230:
Eventually, Vetrov's defection led to his death. "Vetrov fell into a tragic episode with a woman and a fellow KGB officer in a Moscow park. In circumstances that are not clear, he stabbed and killed the officer and then stabbed but did not kill the woman. He was arrested, and, in the ensuing
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By 1985 Mitterrand came to suspect that Vetrov had been a CIA plant set up to test him after his election in 1981 to see if the material would be handed over to the
Americans or kept by the French. Acting on this mistaken belief, Mitterrand fired the chief of the French service,
221:
According to Reed, another result was that the United States and its NATO allies later "rolled up the entire Line X collection network, both in the US and overseas." Weiss said "the heart of Soviet technology collection crumbled and would not recover".
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an end to the technology spying operation, which had destroyed the capacity of the USSR to capture technology when Moscow was caught between a defective economy on one hand and a US President determined to prevail and end the Cold War on the other.
167:, a major natural gas pipeline from Siberia to Europe. That project would give control of European energy supplies to the Communists, as well as generate US$ 8 billion a year to support Soviet computer and satellite research.
374:
152:
The dossier, under the name of
Farewell, reached the CIA in August 1981. It demonstrated that the Soviets had spent years carrying out their espionage of research and development activities.
149:. After studying the list of hundreds of Soviet agents and purchasers (including one cosmonaut) assigned to this penetration in the US and Japan, Weiss counselled against deportation.
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investigation, his espionage activities were discovered; he was eventually executed in 1985. CIA had enough intelligence to institute protective countermeasures."
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by French author Michel Louyot, Leaky Boot Press, U.K. A gripping evocation of
Farewell/Vetrov and his handler. Gives more insight into the character.
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Safire was writing a series of hardline columns denouncing the financial backing being given to Moscow by
Germany and Britain for the
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and faulty technology transfer. Thomas C. Reed alleged this was the cause of a trans-Siberian pipeline disaster in 1982.
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operation that transferred modified hardware and software designs over to the
Soviets. They instigated an operation of
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First complete investigation of the Farewell Dossier and its international impact. June 2014: publication of
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the complete list of 250 Line X officers stationed under legal cover in embassies around the world.
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As a consequence, Western nations undertook a mass expulsion of Soviet technology spies.
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Early 1980s leak of classified documents exposing the USSR's copying of Western technology
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While Vetrov was recruited by the French, the Western counter-reaction came from the US.
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codename "Farewell" — an English word so that the KGB would assume he worked for the
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574:"Deliberate Lies, Strange Deaths and Aggresion [sic] to the World Economy"
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residences in the West, along with more than 100 leads to Line X recruitments.
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Vetrov was an engineer who had been assigned to evaluate information on
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who had been passing secrets to the Soviets for 20 years. His handler,
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Information from Vetrov also led to the arrest in New York of the spy
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aware of Farewell and offered the intelligence to the United States.
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34:"en place" (code-named "Farewell"), gathered and gave to the
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Bonjour, Farewell: La Vérité sur la Taupe Française du KGB
239:. The details of the operation were declassified in 1996.
276:. Critics have contested the authenticity of the account.
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Between early 1981 and early 1982, Farewell supplied the
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Bonjour Farewell: La Vérité sur la Taupe Française du KGB
614:. New York: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 311–327.
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by Serguei Kostine. It was adapted in the French film
652:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Chapter 8.
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Made To Break: Technology and Obsolescence in America
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The Crusader: Ronald Reagan and the Fall of Communism
443:At the Abyss: An Insider's History of the Cold War
273:At the Abyss: An Insider's History of the Cold War
270:These allegations are contained in the 2004 book
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248:First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
381:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from
110:In a private meeting on 19 July 1981, at the
23:was the collection of documents that Colonel
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628:Kostin, Sergei & Raynaud, Eric (2009).
538:"How the Cold War was won... by the French"
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612:The Storm Birds: Soviet Post-War Defectors
375:"The Farewell Dossier: Duping the Soviets"
36:Direction de la surveillance du territoire
129:through Vice President Bush and then to
343:"Real Spies: Vladimir Vetrov (Farewell)"
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49:hardware and software gathered by the "
678:Central Intelligence Agency operations
500:Hoffman, David E. (27 February 2004).
68:Vetrov's story inspired the 1997 book
467:Pretorius, André (11 November 2011).
7:
586:from the original on 22 January 2020
550:from the original on 4 February 2017
471:[Spy-Spy A True (?) Story].
172:Weiss — helped us win the Cold War.
502:"U.S. Sabotaged the Soviet Economy"
469:"Spioen-Spioen 'n Ware(?) Verhaal"
349:. 20 February 2012. Archived from
99:if they learned of the code-name.
14:
57:operation for Directorate T, the
623:. New York: Regan/HarperCollins.
135:Director of Central Intelligence
610:Brook-Shepherd, Gordon (1989).
673:French intelligence operations
477:(in Afrikaans). Archived from
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683:France–Soviet Union relations
38:(DST) in 1981–82, during the
632:(in French). Paris: Laffont;
217:Counterintelligence response
207:South African naval officer
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703:Cold War history of France
297:Kostine, SergueĂŻ (1997).
147:National Security Council
638:. AmazonCrossing. 2011.
507:The Wall Street Journal
379:Studies in Intelligence
165:Trans-Siberian Pipeline
416:"The Farewell Dossier"
373:Weiss, Gus W. (1996).
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55:technical intelligence
648:Slade, Giles (2007).
619:Kengor, Paul (2006).
572:(18 September 2007).
426:on 27 February 2009.
325:"L'affaire Farewell"
192:counter-intelligence
145:on the staff of the
141:, then working with
414:(2 February 2004).
116:François Mitterrand
114:, French president
668:Cold War documents
420:The New York Times
385:on 27 October 2019
137:. Casey called in
75:L'affaire Farewell
570:Castro Ruz, Fidel
536:Lichfield, John.
453:978-0-8914-1821-4
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554:12 November
521:1 September
485:22 December
237:Yves Bonnet
662:Categories
310:2221079086
284:References
190:mounted a
176:U.S.S.R.
90:Background
516:0099-9660
243:Reception
226:Discovery
636:Farewell
584:Archived
548:Archived
440:(2004).
389:9 August
179:—
40:Cold War
32:defector
590:2 July
579:Granma
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133:, his
51:Line X
474:Beeld
258:Notes
592:2022
556:2017
523:2019
512:ISSN
487:2011
448:ISBN
391:2007
329:IMDb
305:ISBN
205:, a
186:The
82:and
47:NATO
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19:The
188:CIA
104:DST
97:CIA
29:KGB
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