1668:
1632:
1203:: Feldspars are used in the ceramic industry as a flux to form a glassy phase in bodies during firing, and thus promote vitrification. They also are used as a source of alkalies and alumina in glazes. The composition of feldspar used in different ceramic formulations varies depending on various factors, including the properties of the individual grade, the other raw materials and the requirements of the finished products. However, typical additions include: tableware, 15% to 30% feldspar; high-tension electrical porcelains, 25% to 35%; sanitaryware, 25%; wall tile, 0% to 10%; and dental porcelain up to 80% feldspar.
1588:
1616:
1604:
953:
1572:
3359:
51:
989:
977:
965:
3347:
351:
946:
as long chains of aluminosilicate tetrahedra, sometimes described as crankshaft chains because their shape is kinked. Each crankshaft chain links to neighbouring crankshaft chains to form a three-dimensional network of fused four-member rings. The structure is open enough for cations (typically sodium, potassium, or calcium) to fit into the structure and provide charge balance.
2776:
1739:
1111:. Hydrolysis of feldspars begins with the feldspar dissolving in water, which happens best in acidic or basic solutions and less well in neutral ones. The speed at which feldspars are weathered is controlled by how quickly they are dissolved. Dissolved feldspar reacts with H or OH ions and precipitates clays. The reaction also produces new
1667:
1141:
Feldspars, especially plagioclase feldspars, are not very stable at the Earth's surface due to their high formation temperature. This lack of stability is why feldspars are easily weathered to clays. Because of this tendency to weather easily, feldspars are usually not prevalent in sedimentary rocks.
945:
The structure of a feldspar crystal is based on aluminosilicate tetrahedra. Each tetrahedron consists of an aluminium or silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions. Each oxygen ion, in turn, is shared by a neighbouring tetrahedron to form a three-dimensional network. The structure can be visualized
920:
Intermediate compositions of exsolve to two feldspars of contrasting composition during cooling, but diffusion is much slower than in alkali feldspar, and the resulting two-feldspar intergrowths typically are too fine-grained to be visible with optical microscopes. The immiscibility gaps in the
1158:
Feldspar is a common raw material used in glassmaking, ceramics, and to some extent as filler and an extender in paint, plastics, and rubber. In the US, about 66% of feldspar is consumed in glassmaking, including glass containers and glass fibre. Ceramics (including electrical insulators,
1631:
1047:
was introduced in the 18th century as a more specific term, referring perhaps to its common occurrence in rocks found in fields (Urban BrĂźckmann, 1783) or to its occurrence as "fields" within granite and other minerals (RenĂŠ-Just HaĂźy, 1804). The change from
722:
Barium feldspars form as the result of the substitution of barium for potassium in the mineral structure. Barium feldspars are sometimes classified as a separate group of feldspars, and sometimes they are classified as a sub-group of alkali feldspars.
678:
in the melt at low temperatures, therefore intermediate compositions of the alkali feldspars occur only in higher temperature environments. Sanidine is stable at the highest temperatures, and microcline at the lowest.
1247:
estimated global production of feldspar in 2020 to be 26 million tonnes, with the top four producing countries being: China 2 million tonnes; India 5 million tonnes; Italy 4 million; Turkey 7.6 million tonnes.
584:
of igneous rock. Calcium-rich plagioclase is the first feldspar to crystallize from cooling magma, but the plagioclase becomes increasingly sodium-rich as crystallization continues. This defines the continuous
597:
Alkali feldspars are grouped into two types: those containing potassium in combination with sodium, aluminium, or silicon; and those where potassium is replaced by barium. The first of these include:
1587:
491:, silicate minerals in which silicon ions are linked by shared oxygen ions to form a three-dimensional network. Compositions of major elements in common feldspars can be expressed in terms of three
691:
can be seen with the naked eye. Microperthitic textures in crystals are visible using a light microscope, whereas cryptoperthitic textures can be seen only with an electron microscope.
1146:
a short distance in cold and/or dry conditions that did not promote weathering, and that it was quickly buried by other sediment. Sandstones with large amounts of feldspar are called
1142:
Sedimentary rocks that contain large amounts of feldspar indicate that the sediment did not undergo much chemical weathering before being buried. This means it was probably
1615:
2798:
2657:
2719:
1603:
569:, or, more properly, plagioclase feldspar. Only limited solid solution occurs between K-feldspar and anorthite, and in the two other solid solutions,
1974:"Magma Mixing and Crustal Recycling Recorded in Ternary Feldspar from Compositionally Zoned Peralkaline Ignimbrite A', Gran Canaria, Canary Islands"
1720:
952:
1905:
687:
of contrasting alkali feldspar compositions during cooling of an intermediate composition. The perthitic textures in the alkali feldspars of many
2067:
2761:
2531:
2501:
2447:
1956:
1571:
2637:'Industrial Minerals & Rocks - Commodities, Markets And Uses' J. E. Kogel. Society For Mining, Metallurgy And Exploration, 2006. Pg. 458
1072:, has fallen out of use. The term 'felsic', meaning light coloured minerals such as quartz and feldspars, is an acronymic word derived from
2828:
1860:
1697:
921:
plagioclase solid solutions are complex compared to the gap in the alkali feldspars. The play of colours visible in some feldspar of
2405:
2201:
2051:
1915:
1888:
405:
988:
976:
964:
2175:
1757:
2241:
239:
1138:. Feldspar that has been replaced by clay looks chalky compared to more crystalline and glassy unweathered feldspar grains.
2025:
272:
55:
Feldspar crystal 18 cm Ă 21 cm Ă 8.5 cm (7.1 in Ă 8.3 in Ă 3.3 in) from
3405:
3400:
3350:
3319:
3395:
2426:
573:
occurs at temperatures common in the crust of the Earth. Albite is considered both a plagioclase and alkali feldspar.
1743:
1931:
Rudnick, R. L.; Gao, S. (2003). "Composition of the
Continental Crust". In Holland, H. D.; Turekian, K. K. (eds.).
586:
565:
between K-feldspar and albite are called alkali feldspar. Solid solutions between albite and anorthite are called
3334:
2622:
1748:
31:
3329:
1725:
1189:
for glassmaking, feldspar is valued for its low iron and refractory mineral content, a low cost per unit of Al
3390:
2821:
2662:
180:
2727:
2553:
2124:
1210:
492:
1638:
1594:
229:
2780:
2116:
2064:
1985:
1936:
1787:
425:
such as sodium, calcium, potassium, or barium. The most common members of the feldspar group are the
2129:
2286:
2274:
2259:
1689:
1218:
581:
262:
252:
56:
2455:
3257:
2814:
2683:
Feldspar And
Nepheline Syenite. U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2020
2579:
2142:
1805:
1693:
1228:
1214:
1143:
926:
354:
Compositional phase diagram of the different minerals that constitute the feldspar solid solution
219:
1159:
sanitaryware, tableware and tile) and other uses, such as fillers, accounted for the remainder.
3385:
2757:
2527:
2497:
2401:
2237:
2197:
2047:
2003:
1952:
1911:
1884:
1856:
1059:
488:
438:
1296:
1256:
Typical mineralogical and chemical analyses of three commercial grades used in ceramics are:
3324:
2963:
2489:
2134:
1993:
1944:
1795:
1714:
1701:
1127:
930:
714:. It is a mineral associated with hydrothermal alteration of the primary feldspar minerals.
476:
464:
434:
364:
302:
282:
84:
3363:
3212:
2701:
2071:
2029:
1658:
1654:
1554:
1119:
1009:
418:
2120:
1989:
1940:
1791:
3220:
3057:
2792:
1038:
562:
453:
190:
2160:
576:
The ratio of alkali feldspar to plagioclase feldspar, together with the proportion of
50:
3379:
3252:
2787:
1948:
1809:
699:
570:
312:
77:
2146:
1130:
are clays and clays are the dominant minerals in the most common sedimentary rocks,
3298:
3284:
3280:
3267:
3118:
2863:
2107:
Le Bas, M. J.; Streckeisen, A. L. (1991). "The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks".
1642:
1115:
in solution, with the variety of ions controlled by the type of feldspar reacting.
1096:
657:
60:
1855:(5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. p. 232.
2493:
1998:
1973:
3124:
3035:
2892:
2022:
1681:
1677:
922:
867:
675:
566:
472:
468:
322:
2481:
2094:
3272:
3246:
3004:
2998:
1823:
1092:
1088:
798:
749:
684:
637:
605:
601:
499:
199:
2196:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 139â143.
2138:
2007:
3275:
3225:
3157:
3152:
3109:
3063:
3043:
3039:
2940:
2925:
2920:
2852:
2421:
1685:
1646:
1108:
899:
883:
775:
771:
641:
540:
506:
503:
457:
350:
195:
97:
94:
2775:
3294:
3262:
3241:
3175:
3129:
3104:
3094:
3052:
3014:
2958:
2915:
2887:
2837:
2705:
1622:
1104:
814:
680:
621:
17:
2802:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 245.
2598:
1800:
1775:
3288:
3215:
3099:
3026:
2975:
2882:
2872:
2359:
2338:
1650:
1301:
1232:
1131:
1123:
730:
688:
544:
509:
460:
445:
292:
145:
100:
2488:, NATO ASI Series, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 595â630,
2371:
2324:
2311:
3207:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3047:
3031:
2930:
1147:
1122:
means that clays are very abundant weathering products. About 40% of
1100:
934:
782:
577:
527:
523:
515:
422:
123:
111:
2692:'Feldspar Facts' A. Sugden. Ceramic Review, Issue 207, May/June 2004
2646:'Industrial Ceramics' F.Singer, S.S.Singer. Chapman & Hall, 1971
2720:"NASA Rover's First Soil Studies Help Fingerprint Martian Minerals"
1068:
refers to materials that contain feldspar. The alternate spelling,
3147:
3114:
3020:
3010:
2969:
2897:
2289:. Feldspar Amethyst Galleries, Inc. Retrieved on February 8, 2008.
2277:. Feldspar Amethyst Galleries, Inc. Retrieved on February 8, 2008.
2262:. Feldspar Amethyst Galleries, Inc. Retrieved on February 8, 2008.
589:. K-feldspar is the final feldspar to crystallize from the magma.
449:
349:
433:(potassium-sodium) feldspars. Feldspars make up about 60% of the
3302:
3236:
3229:
3181:
2980:
2935:
2877:
2846:
Gemmological classifications by E. Ya. Kievlenko (1980), updated
2723:
1673:
1578:
1244:
1135:
2810:
1851:
Neuendorf, K.K.E.; Mehl, J.P. Jr.; Jackson, J.A., eds. (2005).
726:
The barium feldspars are monoclinic and include the following:
2791:
1112:
2398:
Die Namen der Steine. Das
Mineralreich im Spiegel der Sprache
2806:
2097:
Industrial
Minerals Association. Retrieved on July 18, 2007.
1209:: In earth sciences and archaeology, feldspars are used for
397:
2578:
Earle, Steven (September 2015). "5.2 Chemical
Weathering".
373:
1935:. Vol. 3. New York: Elsevier Science. pp. 1â64.
2658:"Visiting Our Past: Feldspar mining and racial tensions"
1907:
Geomorphology: The
Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes
1593:
Crystallized white feldspar, with an upright 4 cm
1874:
1872:
1717: â List of minerals with Knowledge (XXG) articles
958:
Diagram showing part of a crankshaft chain of feldspar
2168:
British
Geological Survey: Rock Classification Scheme
702:
is an ammonium feldspar with the chemical formula: NH
406:
391:
388:
370:
1181:
and CaO as stabilizers. As an important source of Al
1080:
lica, unrelated to the obsolete spelling 'felspar'.
394:
382:
376:
3312:
3200:
3138:
3085:
3076:
2989:
2949:
2906:
2861:
2851:
2232:Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr. (1993).
1883:. London: Geological Society of London. p. 2.
1064:, meaning a non-opaque mineral with good cleavage.
925:composition is due to very fine-grained exsolution
367:
339:
331:
321:
311:
301:
291:
281:
271:
261:
251:
238:
228:
218:
210:
205:
189:
179:
83:
73:
68:
43:
1904:Anderson, Robert S.; Anderson, Suzanne P. (2010).
994:Feldspar crystal structure viewed along the b axis
982:Feldspar crystal structure viewed along the a axis
970:Feldspar crystal structure viewed along the c axis
2234:Manual of mineralogy : (after James D. Dana)
674:Potassium and sodium feldspars are not perfectly
2558:Professor's lecture notes (EENS 211, Mineralogy)
683:is a typical texture in alkali feldspar, due to
2400:(2nd ed.), Thun: Ott Verlag, p. 215,
2236:(21st ed.). New York: Wiley. p. 559.
2194:Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology
1235:) use feldspar to give a mild abrasive action.
774:. The plagioclase series follows (with percent
2161:"Rock Classification Scheme - Vol 1 - Igneous"
1846:
1844:
2822:
2255:
2253:
1881:Rock-forming Minerals (2nd edition) Volume 4A
1696:. This sample is currently on display at the
8:
2383:
2298:
2192:Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009).
1879:Deer, W.A; Howie, R.A.; Zussman, J. (2001).
1560:found high feldspar content in a Mars rock.
1049:
1042:
1032:
1026:
1019:
1012:
475:. Feldspars are also found in many types of
463:rocks and are also present in many types of
2702:Nasa's Curiosity rover finds 'unusual rock'
2270:
2268:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
1910:. Cambridge University Press. p. 187.
1609:Feldspar and moonstone, from Sonora, Mexico
487:The feldspar group of minerals consists of
3346:
3082:
2858:
2829:
2815:
2807:
2480:Blum, Alex E. (1994), Parsons, Ian (ed.),
2042:Blatt, Harvey and Tracy, Robert J. (1996)
1258:
1134:. They are also an important component of
1118:The abundance of feldspars in the Earth's
49:
2310:Ralph, Jolyon and Chou, Ida. "Perthite".
2128:
1997:
1799:
933:in the plagioclase series increases from
1721:List of countries by feldspar production
913:
909:
905:
893:
889:
877:
873:
808:
804:
792:
788:
758:
754:
743:
739:
735:
667:
663:
651:
647:
631:
627:
615:
611:
467:. Rock formed almost entirely of calcic
2633:
2631:
2522:Hefferan, Kevin; O'Brien, John (2010).
2372:Celsianâhyalophane series on Mindat.org
2360:Celsianâorthoclase series on Mindat.org
1766:
1625:feldspar crystals with a schorl crystal
1567:
948:
1037:had long been used as the word for "a
40:
2593:
2591:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2526:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 336â337.
2475:
2473:
2454:. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from
7:
2062:"Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks."
1776:"IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols"
1227:: Some household cleaners (such as
1058:was influenced by the English word
429:(sodium-calcium) feldspars and the
2718:Brown, Dwayne (October 30, 2012).
2219:The Evolution of the Igneous Rocks
1698:National Museum of Natural History
929:known as Bøggild intergrowth. The
25:
2109:Journal of the Geological Society
937:(2.62) to anorthite (2.72â2.75).
3357:
3345:
2774:
2554:"Weathering & Clay Minerals"
2552:Nelson, Stephen A. (Fall 2008).
2314:. Retrieved on February 8, 2008.
2221:. Canada: Dover. pp. 60â62.
2181:from the original on 2022-10-09.
1742: This article incorporates
1737:
1666:
1630:
1614:
1602:
1586:
1570:
987:
975:
963:
951:
419:aluminium tectosilicate minerals
363:
2959:Yellow, Green, Violet Sapphires
2752:Bonewitz, Ronald Louis (2005).
1758:United States Geological Survey
2656:Neufeld, Rob (4 August 2019).
2623:Feldspar and nepheline syenite
2312:Perthite Profile on mindat.org
2046:Freeman, 2nd ed., pp. 206â210
1949:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4
1750:Feldspar and nepheline syenite
770:The plagioclase feldspars are
214:pink, white, gray, brown, blue
27:Group of rock-forming minerals
1:
2625:, USGS 2008 Minerals Yearbook
2486:Feldspars and their Reactions
2023:Metamorphic Rocks Information
1197:, no volatiles and no waste.
1041:easily cleaved into flakes";
417:) is a group of rock-forming
3351:List of gemstones by species
3320:List of individual gemstones
2981:Precious White and Fire Opal
2494:10.1007/978-94-011-1106-5_15
2033:. Retrieved on July 18, 2007
2756:. New York: DK Publishing.
2427:Online Etymology Dictionary
2075:Retrieved on July 18, 2007.
1972:TROLL, V. R. (2002-02-01).
1577:Specimen of rare plumbian (
500:potassium feldspar (K-spar)
3422:
1999:10.1093/petrology/43.2.243
1165:: Feldspar provides both K
1017:, a compound of the words
335:exsolution lamellae common
29:
3343:
3335:List of sapphires by size
2844:
2482:"Feldspars in Weathering"
2452:Oxford English Dictionary
48:
32:Feldspar (disambiguation)
3330:List of emeralds by size
2384:Klein & Hurlbut 1993
2299:Klein & Hurlbut 1993
2260:"The Mineral Orthoclase"
2139:10.1144/gsjgs.148.5.0825
1933:Treatise on Geochemistry
1726:Rainbow lattice sunstone
1684:feldspar). Collected by
1289:
1275:
1261:
1091:of feldspars happens by
421:, also containing other
2799:EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica
2663:Asheville Citizen-Times
587:Bowen's reaction series
580:, is the basis for the
437:and 41% of the Earth's
1780:Mineralogical Magazine
1744:public domain material
1211:potassium-argon dating
1050:
1043:
1033:
1027:
1020:
1013:
355:
2898:Natural marine pearls
2458:on September 26, 2016
2396:Hans LĂźschen (1979),
2287:"Microcline Feldspar"
2020:"Metamorphic Rocks."
1597:crystal perched on it
1553:In October 2012, the
1173:O for fluxing, and Al
766:Plagioclase feldspars
471:feldspar is known as
353:
332:Other characteristics
234:along cleavage planes
63:, southeastern Brazil
3017:, pink, yellow-green
2783:at Wikimedia Commons
2704:. (12 October 2012)
2217:Bowen, N.L. (1956).
1978:Journal of Petrology
1661:", October 17, 2012)
413:; sometimes spelled
57:Jequitinhonha valley
30:For other uses, see
3406:Industrial minerals
3401:Monoclinic minerals
3364:Minerals portal
2936:Precious Black Opal
2560:. Tulane University
2386:, pp. 533â534.
2301:, pp. 532â536.
2275:"Sanidine Feldspar"
2121:1991JGSoc.148..825L
1990:2002JPet...43..243T
1941:2003TrGeo...3....1R
1853:Glossary of Geology
1801:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
1792:2021MinM...85..291W
1774:Warr, L.N. (2021).
1337:Microcline, %
1219:luminescence dating
1089:Chemical weathering
582:QAPF classification
3396:Triclinic minerals
3186:Opaque iridescent
3077:Jewelry-Industrial
3023:yellow, blue, pink
2070:2007-07-03 at the
2028:2007-07-01 at the
1351:Anorthite, %
1290:Producing company
1229:Bar Keepers Friend
1215:argon-argon dating
872:(Ca,Na)Al(Al,Si)Si
803:(Na,Ca)(Al,Si)AlSi
356:
3373:
3372:
3201:Industrial stones
3196:
3195:
3072:
3071:
2779:Media related to
2762:978-0-7566-3342-4
2621:Apodaca, Lori E.
2533:978-1-4443-3460-9
2503:978-94-011-1106-5
2420:Harper, Douglas.
2095:What is Feldspar?
1958:978-0-08-043751-4
1546:
1545:
1252:Commercial grades
1128:sedimentary rocks
1008:derives from the
778:in parentheses):
695:Ammonium feldspar
477:sedimentary rocks
439:continental crust
346:
345:
16:(Redirected from
3413:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3349:
3348:
3325:List of diamonds
3083:
2859:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2808:
2803:
2795:
2778:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2726:. Archived from
2715:
2709:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2626:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2595:
2586:
2585:
2581:Physical Geology
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2549:
2538:
2537:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2339:"Feldspar Group"
2335:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2263:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2165:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2132:
2104:
2098:
2091:
2076:
2074:
2060:
2054:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2001:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1771:
1761:
1755:
1741:
1740:
1715:List of minerals
1702:Washington, D.C.
1694:Descartes Crater
1670:
1634:
1618:
1606:
1590:
1574:
1549:Extraterrestrial
1365:Quartz , %
1305:
1259:
1053:
1046:
1036:
1030:
1023:
1016:
991:
979:
967:
955:
931:specific gravity
916:
896:
880:
864:
863:
862:
854:
853:
845:
844:
836:
835:
827:
826:
811:
795:
761:
746:
718:Barium feldspars
670:
654:
634:
618:
593:Alkali feldspars
465:metamorphic rock
409:
404:
403:
400:
399:
396:
393:
390:
385:
384:
379:
378:
375:
372:
369:
303:Refractive index
283:Specific gravity
244:
175:
174:
173:
165:
164:
156:
155:
143:
142:
134:
133:
121:
120:
110:
109:
90:
89:(repeating unit)
53:
41:
21:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3358:
3356:
3339:
3308:
3192:
3134:
3078:
3068:
2985:
2945:
2902:
2847:
2840:
2835:
2793:"Felspar"
2786:
2771:
2749:
2747:Further reading
2744:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2730:on June 3, 2016
2717:
2716:
2712:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2629:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2563:
2561:
2551:
2550:
2541:
2534:
2524:Earth Materials
2521:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2432:
2430:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2325:"Buddingtonite"
2323:
2322:
2318:
2309:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2273:
2266:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2130:10.1.1.692.4446
2106:
2105:
2101:
2092:
2079:
2072:Wayback Machine
2063:
2061:
2057:
2041:
2037:
2030:Wayback Machine
2021:
2019:
2015:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1828:Gemology Online
1822:
1821:
1817:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1753:
1747:
1738:
1734:
1711:
1704:
1690:Lunar Highlands
1671:
1662:
1655:Curiosity rover
1635:
1626:
1619:
1610:
1607:
1598:
1591:
1582:
1581:-rich) feldspar
1575:
1566:
1551:
1518:
1500:
1454:
1436:
1432:
1414:
1410:
1392:
1323:Albite, %
1299:
1254:
1241:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1156:
1086:
1002:
995:
992:
983:
980:
971:
968:
959:
956:
943:
915:
911:
907:
903:
895:
891:
888:(NaSi,CaAl)AlSi
887:
879:
875:
871:
861:
858:
857:
856:
852:
849:
848:
847:
843:
840:
839:
838:
834:
831:
830:
829:
825:
822:
821:
820:
818:
810:
806:
802:
794:
790:
786:
768:
760:
756:
752:
745:
741:
737:
733:
720:
713:
709:
705:
697:
669:
665:
661:
653:
649:
645:
633:
629:
625:
617:
613:
609:
595:
563:Solid solutions
558:
554:
550:
537:
533:
520:
514:
485:
407:
387:
381:
366:
362:
348:
347:
242:
172:
169:
168:
167:
163:
160:
159:
158:
154:
151:
150:
149:
141:
138:
137:
136:
132:
129:
128:
127:
119:
116:
115:
114:
108:
105:
104:
103:
93:
88:
87:
64:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3419:
3417:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3391:Tectosilicates
3388:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3292:
3278:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3223:
3221:Petrified wood
3218:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3173:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3008:
3007:, polychromous
3002:
2995:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2856:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2790:, ed. (1911).
2788:Chisholm, Hugh
2784:
2770:
2769:External links
2767:
2766:
2765:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2710:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2648:
2639:
2627:
2614:
2603:www.mindat.org
2587:
2570:
2539:
2532:
2514:
2502:
2469:
2439:
2412:
2406:
2388:
2376:
2364:
2352:
2330:
2316:
2303:
2291:
2279:
2264:
2249:
2242:
2224:
2209:
2202:
2184:
2174:: 1â52. 1999.
2152:
2115:(5): 825â833.
2099:
2077:
2055:
2035:
2013:
1984:(2): 243â270.
1964:
1957:
1923:
1916:
1896:
1889:
1868:
1862:978-0922152896
1861:
1840:
1815:
1786:(3): 291â320.
1765:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1672:
1665:
1663:
1636:
1629:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1601:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1253:
1250:
1240:
1237:
1207:Earth sciences
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1155:
1152:
1085:
1082:
1025:("field") and
1001:
998:
997:
996:
993:
986:
984:
981:
974:
972:
969:
962:
960:
957:
950:
942:
939:
918:
917:
897:
881:
865:
859:
850:
841:
832:
823:
812:
796:
767:
764:
763:
762:
747:
719:
716:
711:
707:
703:
696:
693:
672:
671:
655:
635:
619:
594:
591:
560:
559:
556:
552:
548:
538:
535:
531:
521:
518:
512:
489:tectosilicates
484:
481:
344:
343:
341:
337:
336:
333:
329:
328:
325:
319:
318:
315:
309:
308:
305:
299:
298:
295:
289:
288:
285:
279:
278:
275:
269:
268:
265:
259:
258:
255:
249:
248:
245:
236:
235:
232:
226:
225:
222:
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
206:Identification
203:
202:
193:
191:Crystal system
187:
186:
183:
177:
176:
170:
161:
152:
139:
130:
117:
106:
91:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
66:
65:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3418:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3366:
3365:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3075:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2916:Pink sapphire
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Blue Sapphire
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2827:
2825:
2820:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2801:
2800:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2574:
2571:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2515:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2407:3-7225-6265-1
2403:
2399:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2225:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2205:
2203:9780521880060
2199:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:0-7167-2438-3
2049:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1917:9781139788700
1913:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1890:1-86239-081-9
1886:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1759:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1621:A cluster of
1617:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1548:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:clay minerals
1095:and produces
1094:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1015:
1011:
1007:
999:
990:
985:
978:
973:
966:
961:
954:
949:
947:
940:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
901:
898:
885:
882:
869:
866:
816:
813:
800:
797:
784:
781:
780:
779:
777:
773:
765:
753:(K,Ba)(Al,Si)
751:
748:
732:
729:
728:
727:
724:
717:
715:
701:
700:Buddingtonite
694:
692:
690:
686:
682:
677:
659:
656:
643:
639:
636:
624:(monoclinic)
623:
620:
607:
603:
600:
599:
598:
592:
590:
588:
583:
579:
574:
572:
571:immiscibility
568:
564:
546:
542:
539:
529:
525:
522:
517:
511:
508:
505:
501:
498:
497:
496:
494:
490:
482:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
440:
436:
435:Earth's crust
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:
402:
360:
352:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
324:
320:
316:
314:
313:Birefringence
310:
306:
304:
300:
296:
294:
290:
286:
284:
280:
276:
274:
270:
266:
264:
260:
256:
254:
250:
246:
241:
237:
233:
231:
227:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
204:
201:
197:
194:
192:
188:
184:
182:
178:
147:
125:
113:
102:
99:
96:
92:
86:
82:
79:
78:Tectosilicate
76:
72:
67:
62:
58:
52:
47:
42:
37:
33:
19:
3355:
3299:Pyrophyllite
3268:Serpentinite
3249:(green mica)
3187:
3139:
3119:Baltic amber
3086:
2990:
2950:
2907:
2862:
2797:
2754:Rock and Gem
2753:
2732:. Retrieved
2728:the original
2713:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2667:. Retrieved
2661:
2651:
2642:
2617:
2606:. Retrieved
2602:
2580:
2573:
2562:. Retrieved
2557:
2523:
2517:
2507:, retrieved
2485:
2460:. Retrieved
2456:the original
2451:
2442:
2431:. Retrieved
2425:
2415:
2397:
2391:
2379:
2367:
2355:
2343:. Retrieved
2341:. mindat.org
2333:
2319:
2306:
2294:
2282:
2233:
2227:
2218:
2212:
2193:
2187:
2171:
2167:
2155:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2058:
2043:
2038:
2016:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1932:
1926:
1906:
1899:
1880:
1852:
1831:. Retrieved
1827:
1818:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1749:
1643:Martian soil
1555:
1552:
1533:LOI, %
1483:MgO, %
1469:CaO, %
1262:Product name
1255:
1242:
1224:
1223:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1154:Applications
1140:
1117:
1099:, including
1087:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1018:
1005:
1003:
944:
919:
902:(90 to 100)
837: â CaAl
769:
725:
721:
698:
673:
660:(triclinic)
658:anorthoclase
596:
575:
561:
486:
483:Compositions
443:
430:
426:
414:
358:
357:
224:two or three
61:Minas Gerais
36:
3281:Ophicalcite
3162:Colorless,
3125:Chrysoprase
3036:Spessartine
3001:â Verdelite
2893:Alexandrite
2734:October 31,
2584:. BCcampus.
1682:plagioclase
1678:anorthosite
1645:âfeldspar,
1300: [
1144:transported
1066:Feldspathic
1031:("flake").
923:labradorite
886:(70 to 90)
870:(50 to 70)
868:labradorite
817:(30 to 50)
801:(10 to 30)
567:plagioclase
473:anorthosite
469:plagioclase
446:crystallize
441:by weight.
427:plagioclase
323:Pleochroism
317:first order
307:1.518â1.526
273:Diaphaneity
3380:Categories
3285:Serpentine
3273:Aventurine
3247:Listwanite
3038:(malaya),
3005:Indicolite
2999:Tourmaline
2972:(Imperial)
2964:Aquamarine
2608:2020-11-18
2564:2008-11-13
2509:2020-11-18
2462:13 January
2433:2008-02-08
2422:"feldspar"
2243:047157452X
2093:Feldspar.
2044:Petrology,
1833:8 November
1824:"Feldspar"
1732:References
1653:revealed (
1639:X-ray view
1595:aquamarine
1519:O, %
1501:O, %
1293:North Cape
1268:Forshammar
1265:Norfloat K
1239:Production
1093:hydrolysis
1084:Weathering
1076:dspar and
799:oligoclase
785:(0 to 10)
750:hyalophane
685:exsolution
662:(Na,K)AlSi
638:microcline
626:(K,Na)AlSi
606:monoclinic
602:orthoclase
543:endmember
526:endmember
502:endmember
493:endmembers
444:Feldspars
340:References
240:Mohs scale
200:monoclinic
181:IMA symbol
3276:quartzite
3228:(Porouse
3226:Cacholong
3188:feldspars
3158:Rhodonite
3153:Amazonite
3140:2nd order
3110:Malachite
3087:1st order
3064:Turquoise
3044:Almandine
3040:Rhodolite
2991:4th order
2951:3rd order
2941:Tanzanite
2926:Tsavorite
2921:Demantoid
2908:2nd order
2864:1st order
2838:Gemstones
2125:CiteSeerX
2008:1460-2415
1810:235729616
1688:from the
1686:Apollo 16
1647:pyroxenes
1556:Curiosity
1455:, %
1437:, %
1415:, %
1393:, %
1225:Minor use
1109:kaolinite
1004:The name
1000:Etymology
941:Structure
900:anorthite
884:bytownite
776:anorthite
772:triclinic
642:triclinic
541:anorthite
458:extrusive
454:intrusive
287:2.55â2.76
196:Triclinic
18:Feldspars
3386:Feldspar
3295:Pagodite
3263:Fluorite
3258:Selenite
3242:Obsidian
3176:Hematite
3130:Charoite
3105:Nephrite
3095:Lazurite
3053:Amethyst
3015:Heliodor
2781:Feldspar
2706:BBC News
2669:4 August
2599:"Arkose"
2176:Archived
2147:28548230
2068:Archived
2065:Geology.
2026:Archived
1709:See also
1680:#60025 (
1676:ferrous
1659:Rocknest
1623:euhedral
1308:Sibelco
1285:Finland
1276:Country
1201:Ceramics
1169:O and Na
1132:mudrocks
1124:minerals
1105:smectite
1044:Feldspat
1014:Feldspat
1006:feldspar
927:lamellae
815:andesine
689:granites
681:Perthite
676:miscible
622:sanidine
452:as both
359:Feldspar
257:Vitreous
243:hardness
230:Fracture
220:Cleavage
144: â
122: â
74:Category
44:Feldspar
3313:Related
3289:Calcite
3235:Marble
3216:granite
3213:Graphic
3180:Common
3100:Jadeite
3058:Citrine
3032:Garnets
3027:Peridot
2976:Elbaite
2968:Orange
2883:Emerald
2873:Diamond
2853:Jewelry
2117:Bibcode
1986:Bibcode
1937:Bibcode
1788:Bibcode
1651:olivine
1297:Sibelco
1271:FFF K6
1233:Bon Ami
1148:arkoses
1070:felspar
731:celsian
461:igneous
423:cations
415:felspar
293:Density
247:6.0â6.5
85:Formula
69:General
3208:Jasper
3171:quartz
3079:stones
3048:Pyrope
2931:Spinel
2855:stones
2760:
2530:
2500:
2448:"spar"
2404:
2345:4 July
2240:
2200:
2145:
2127:
2050:
2006:
1955:
1914:
1887:
1859:
1808:
1637:First
1564:Images
1282:Sweden
1279:Norway
1107:, and
1101:illite
1010:German
935:albite
819:NaAlSi
787:NaAlSi
783:albite
578:quartz
524:albite
431:alkali
408:FEL(D)
277:opaque
263:Streak
253:Luster
3164:smoky
3148:Agate
3115:Amber
3062:Blue
3021:Topaz
3011:Beryl
2970:topaz
2179:(PDF)
2164:(PDF)
2143:S2CID
1806:S2CID
1754:(PDF)
1746:from
1692:near
1674:Lunar
1558:rover
1492:0.01
1478:0.70
1464:0.01
1446:0.11
1424:18.3
1402:67.9
1304:]
1163:Glass
1136:soils
1120:crust
1056:-spar
646:KAlSi
610:KAlSi
450:magma
448:from
410:-spar
267:white
211:Color
3303:Talc
3237:onyx
3230:opal
3182:opal
3168:pink
3166:and
2878:Ruby
2758:ISBN
2736:2012
2724:NASA
2671:2019
2528:ISBN
2498:ISBN
2464:2018
2402:ISBN
2347:2021
2238:ISBN
2198:ISBN
2048:ISBN
2004:ISSN
1953:ISBN
1912:ISBN
1885:ISBN
1857:ISBN
1835:2012
1657:at "
1579:lead
1542:0.2
1528:5.5
1510:6.4
1504:11.8
1489:0.10
1475:0.30
1472:0.40
1461:0.02
1443:0.15
1440:0.07
1421:14.1
1418:18.6
1399:75.7
1396:65.9
1245:USGS
1243:The
1231:and
1217:and
1113:ions
1061:spar
1051:Spat
1039:rock
1034:Spat
1028:Spat
1021:Feld
904:CaAl
734:BaAl
706:AlSi
530:AlSi
456:and
327:none
297:2.56
126:AlSi
3253:Jet
2490:doi
2135:doi
2113:148
1994:doi
1945:doi
1796:doi
1700:in
1641:of
1539:0.5
1536:0.2
1525:5.0
1522:2.9
1507:3.8
1451:TiO
1389:SiO
1346:37
1332:41
1126:in
1074:fel
1054:to
398:ÉËr
198:or
185:Fsp
3382::
3046:,
3042:,
3034:â
3013:â
2796:.
2722:.
2660:.
2630:^
2601:.
2590:^
2556:.
2542:^
2496:,
2484:,
2472:^
2450:.
2424:.
2267:^
2252:^
2170:.
2166:.
2141:.
2133:.
2123:.
2111:.
2080:^
2002:.
1992:.
1982:43
1980:.
1976:.
1951:.
1943:.
1871:^
1843:^
1826:.
1804:.
1794:.
1784:85
1782:.
1778:.
1756:.
1649:,
1515:Na
1429:Fe
1407:Al
1374:8
1371:33
1360:4
1343:23
1340:71
1329:40
1326:23
1302:nl
1221:.
1213:,
1150:.
1103:,
1078:si
908:Si
846:Si
738:Si
644:)
608:)
551:Si
547:Al
545:Ca
528:Na
510:Si
507:Al
495::
479:.
157:Si
148:Al
146:Ca
124:Na
101:Si
98:Al
59:,
3305:)
3301:/
3297:(
3291:)
3287:/
3283:(
3232:)
3121:)
3117:(
2830:e
2823:t
2816:v
2764:.
2738:.
2708:.
2673:.
2611:.
2567:.
2536:.
2492::
2466:.
2436:.
2374:.
2362:.
2349:.
2327:.
2246:.
2206:.
2172:1
2149:.
2137::
2119::
2010:.
1996::
1988::
1961:.
1947::
1939::
1920:.
1893:.
1865:.
1837:.
1812:.
1798::
1790::
1760:.
1517:2
1499:2
1497:K
1486:-
1458:-
1453:2
1435:3
1433:O
1431:2
1413:3
1411:O
1409:2
1391:2
1368:3
1357:-
1354:3
1195:3
1193:O
1191:2
1187:3
1185:O
1183:2
1179:3
1177:O
1175:2
1171:2
1167:2
914:8
912:O
910:2
906:2
894:8
892:O
890:2
878:8
876:O
874:2
860:8
855:O
851:2
842:2
833:8
828:O
824:3
809:8
807:O
805:2
793:8
791:O
789:3
759:8
757:O
755:4
744:8
742:O
740:2
736:2
712:8
710:O
708:3
704:4
668:8
666:O
664:3
652:8
650:O
648:3
640:(
632:8
630:O
628:3
616:8
614:O
612:3
604:(
557:8
555:O
553:2
549:2
536:8
534:O
532:3
519:8
516:O
513:3
504:K
401:/
395:p
392:s
389:Ë
386:)
383:d
380:(
377:l
374:É
371:f
368:Ë
365:/
361:(
171:8
166:O
162:2
153:2
140:8
135:O
131:3
118:8
112:O
107:3
95:K
34:.
20:)
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