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Note that in either scheme, the same basic groups are recognized (Lycopodiophyta, Equisetopsida, Psilotopsida, and true ferns), but in the most recent scheme, both
Equisetopsida and Psilotopsida are grouped as a subset of the true ferns, and only the Lycopodiophyta are not classified as ferns.
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and
Marattiaceae. The Marattiaceae are a group of tropical ferns with a large, fleshy rhizome, and are now thought to be a sister group to the main group of ferns, the leptosporangiate ferns. The whisk ferns and Ophioglossids are demonstrably a clade, as are the leptosporangiate ferns and
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Originally, three or four groups of plants were considered to be fern allies. In various classification schemes, these may be grouped as classes or divisions within the plant kingdom. Fern allies and ferns were sometimes grouped together as division
406:
Pryer, K. M., Schuettpelz, E., Wolf, P. G., Schneider, H., Smith, A. R. & Cranfill, R. (2004), "Phylogeny and evolution of ferns (monilophytes) with a focus on the early leptosporangiate divergences",
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marattiaceae; however, the relationships between these two groups and the horsetails within the overarching clade of ferns remains uncertain.
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109:. Another traditional classification scheme of living plants is as follows (here, the first three classes are the "fern allies"):
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ferns. More recent genetic studies have shown that the
Lycopodiophyta are only distantly related to any other
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or
Pteropsida, true ferns (including leptosporangiates, marattioids, adder's-tongues, and moonworts)
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Lord, Thomas R. (2006). Ferns and Fern Allies of
Pennsylvania. Indiana, PA: Pinelands Press
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More recent evidence shows that the class
Filices, as described above, is not
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Historically, several groups of plants were considered "fern allies": the
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170:(or sometimes as several different classes of seed-bearing plants)
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284:(or as several different divisions of seed-bearing plants)
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476:Non-seed plant images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
81:. Like ferns, a fern ally disperses by shedding
470:A Classification of the Ferns and Fern-Allies
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440:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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66:, from the Psilotopsida (whisk ferns)
55:, from the Equisetopsida (horsetails)
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386:(2nd ed.), London: Hutchinson,
97:For a more detailed treatment, see
42:, a quillwort, from the Isoetopsida
31:A clubmoss, from the Lycopodiopsida
458:Common Ferns and Fern-Ally Species
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145:and scouring-rushes (fern-allies)
242:, horsetails and scouring-rushes
134:and related plants (fern-allies)
73:are a diverse group of seedless
384:The Morphology of Pteridophytes
99:Tracheophytes § Phylogeny
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313:in the Lycopodiophyta, the
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409:American Journal of Botany
261:(also called Psilotopsida)
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87:alternation of generations
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382:Sporne, K.R. (1966),
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52:Equisetum fluviatile
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141:or Equisetopsida,
123:(vascular plants)
77:that are not true
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393:978-0-09-104881-5
40:Isoëtes lacustris
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347:Marattiaceae
327:Equisetaceae
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273:Polypodiidae
205:, clubmosses
203:Lycopodiales
191:Tracheophyta
180:monophyletic
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150:Psilotopsida
121:Tracheophyta
107:Pteridophyta
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339:grape-ferns
319:Psilotaceae
315:whisk ferns
307:spikemosses
266:Marattiidae
251:whisk ferns
240:Equisetidae
225:scale trees
154:whisk ferns
139:Sphenopsida
71:Fern allies
18:Fern allies
496:Cryptogams
370:References
349:, and the
323:horsetails
321:, and the
311:quillworts
303:clubmosses
221:quillworts
143:horsetails
132:clubmosses
335:moonworts
271:Subclass
264:Subclass
259:moonworts
245:Subclass
238:Subclass
217:Isoetales
189:Division
119:Division
113:Kingdom:
490:Category
461:Archived
436:citation
429:21652310
345:), the
325:in the
161:Filices
115:Plantae
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280:Class
231:Class
215:Order
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201:Order
195:Class
166:Class
159:Class
148:Class
137:Class
126:Class
83:spores
359:clade
79:ferns
442:link
425:PMID
388:ISBN
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
