1196:, MB ChB, DPH, Duniv, JP. File 61: Correspondence with or papers received from East European national movements in exile (principally the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations and the Ukrainian Committee in Great Britain) and from John F Stewart of the Scottish League for European Freedom, 1952-6. Documents "Resolutions of the Convention of the Anti-Bolshevik Block of Nations (ABN) held in Edinburgh on the 12th, 13th, and 14th of June 1950, convoked under the auspices of the Scottish League for European Freedom", pg. 1, and "The War Against Bolshevism and the Military Factors Represented by the Subjugated Nations", pg. 6. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
419:. Seeking to avoid unneeded bloodshed, and knowing his forces could not resist the superior German troops, the Regent ordered his soldiers to not resist. Only one unit did not get the order, and the Germans quickly and with minimal bloodshed captured Castle Hill. Only seven soldiers were killed and 26 men were wounded. Horthy was arrested by Waffen SS
288:'s suicide and on the eve of Hungary's forced entry into World War II. Under political pressure from the extreme right, the Hungarian Scouting movement became more militaristic and nationalistic between 1941 and 1945. Despite the war, the Hungarian national Scout leadership was able until the end of 1943 to maintain contact with the
395:
the harsh, punitive treatment of prisoners by the
Soviets, and some Hungarian forces had witnessed first-hand the atrocities Soviet perpetrated against civilians. Combined with their loyalty to their country, no matter what government was in charge, they felt it was their duty to fight even when the result was predictable.
33:
588:
During 1947, the
Americans and French permitted him to found the Anti-Bolshevik Hungarian Liberation Movement in Landshut, Germany. The movement initially called for a violent revolution in Hungary against Soviet control. It arranged for a member in exile to return to Hungary illegally and assess the
505:
Facing the imminent fall of the government and the nation, the
Hungarian Defense Ministry named Farkas as the leader of a four-man committee which was charged with representing the Hungarian Army with the Allies after the war's end. General officers of the Hungarian Army who returned to Hungary under
609:
When World War II ended and for several years afterward, the
Communist government organized and encouraged the arrest and execution of those they blamed for the deprivations the war visited upon the Hungarian population. These arrests and prosecutions were in many instances politically motivated and
385:
who was in contact with Soviet forces in eastern
Hungary, Regent Horthy attempted to negotiate the end of the war, seeking to surrender to the Soviets while preserving the government's autonomy. The Soviets willingly promised this. But the Germans were aware of Horthy's behind-the-scenes maneuvering
584:
Farkas also attempted with the support of former members of the
Hungarian government who had escaped to the west before the war to establish a Hungarian government in exile, but was frustrated in his efforts by American Occupation Forces in Germany who forbid it. The veteran's organization retained
580:
He was founder of a
Hungarian veteran's organization for veterans in exile, the Magyar Harcosok Bajtársi Közössége Központja (World Federation of Hungarian Veterans). He suggested creating a fraternal organization to honor the officers, non-commissioned officers, and enlisted men who served in the
394:
Failing to receive official orders, the
Hungarian army ignored the armistice, surprising the Germans. Given that many Hungarian units were controlled by the German army, it is unclear whether orders, if issued, ever reached most of the line troops. There had also been considerable propaganda about
271:
at the time. Farkas served as commander of the Royal
Ludovika Akadémia through 1943. Banathy served most of the war under Farkas and when it ended, escaped first to Austria and later the United States. He was inspired by his attendance at the 4th World Jamboree where he met Farkas and his Scouting
390:
which would remove him from power and replace his government with forces loyal to the German cause, effectively occupying
Hungary. Horthy governed from Castle Hill in central Budapest, an ancient and now well-guarded fortress. At 2:00 p.m. on October 15, 1944, Horthy announced over the radio
366:
also wanted military units in Budapest commanded by officers he could trust, as he planned to announce an armistice with the Soviet Union as Romania had done, abandoning the lost Axis cause which he had never fully embraced. Germany feared the surrender of Hungary, knowing this would leave their
641:
In late 1998, the Hungarian Republic Supreme Court found serious legal and procedural errors in his original 1950 trial and on December 7, 1998, rescinded the sentence, nullifying its results. On September 15, 2006, the Hungarian Defence Ministry's Rehabilitation Committee fully reinstated his
535:
His war-time role in the Army, especially after the Arrow Cross Party assumed command, became very controversial within Hungary. Because of his actions in the camps against the Arrow Cross Party and Szálasi's government, the Provisional Hungarian Government of 1945, led by the Soviet forces in
531:
In October 1946, 26 other Hungarian Army generals in the Foucarville POW camp wrote a letter to the American military, requesting that Farkas be released. In January 1947 he became the U.S. liaison to Hungarian prisoners of war and assisted in resolving their displaced person status and living
411:, who had initiated the meeting as a ruse. They kidnapped Miklós at gunpoint, trussed him up in a carpet, and immediately drove him to the airport, where a flight was waiting to take him to Germany and a concentration camp. Skorzeny then brazenly led a convoy of Germany troops and four
267:, whom Farkas had met as a 14-year-old youth at the 1933 Jamboree. He requested a volunteer to teach leadership at the academy, and Bánáthy was selected. He also asked Bánáthy to organize a Scout Troop for the young men, 19 years and older, which was a common practice within the
617:
by the Budapest High Court of the Hungarian Communist government on March 30, 1950, and was stripped of his rank and sentenced to life imprisonment. He visited the United States and Canada during 1955 and met with Hungarian Scouts in exile. In 1962, he was named General Captain
459:) and Captain Kálmán Hardy (aide-de-camp to Horthy), who were charged by the Arrow Cross government with treason for having attempted to arrange a cease-fire or switching allegiance during the last days of the war. He sentenced both to death, though neither was executed.
466:, newly appointed on October 17, 1944, by the Arrow Cross government as Minister of War and Commander in Chief of the Hungarian Army, named Farkas as Government Commissioner for Evacuation, promoted him to General, and put him in charge of securing national treasures.
589:
situation and support for overthrow of the Communist government. What it learned was discouraging and the only hope the group held out for liberation of Hungary was Western help, which was not forthcoming. By 1950, Farkas was a leader of the reactionary, right-wing
501:
ordered extensive historical research to verify the crown as genuine, and it was returned to the Hungarian people on January 6, 1978. None of the charges against Farkas relating to the expropriation of Hungarian treasures and seals was substantiated.
581:
Hungarian armed forces and were now in exile. He suggested to Béla Almay, a former Lieutenant Colonel on the Hungarian General Staff, that he organize an association for Hungarian veterans, which became the Collegiate Society of Hungarian Veterans.
442:
Horthy was placed on a private train to Germany three days later. Skorzeny told Horthy that he would be a "guest of honor" in a secure Bavarian castle. Skorzeny personally escorted Horthy to his captivity, where he was held until the war ended.
402:
at this father's direction went to a meeting with representatives from the Yugoslavian government to finalize the surrender of Hungary to the Soviets. Upon entering the building, he was attacked and beaten by German soldiers commanded by
391:
that Hungary had signed an armistice with the Soviet Union. "It is clear today that Germany has lost the war... Hungary has accordingly concluded a preliminary armistice with Russia, and will cease all hostilities against her."
426:
and held overnight in SS offices. Faced with an overt threat to his son's life, and having already been effectively removed from power, under coercion and as a prisoner of war, he abrogated the armistice, deposed Premier
572:. During 1952, Farkas visited the United States and met with adult leaders at a training camp for Hungarian Scouts in Exile held in Buffalo, New York. He remained the Hungarian Chief Scout until his death in 1980.
198:, and his paternal grandmother was Cecília Hoffmann (1826–1907). His maternal grandparents were Dr. Ágoston Pottyondy de Potyond et Csáford, lawyer, and Mária Grohmann (1840-1918). His paternal uncle was
304:. Before the end of World War II, the national Hungarian Scouts were ordered to merge with the extremist right-leaning youth organization Hungarista Örszem, but the merger was never implemented.
469:
He was later accused of sending to Austria about USD$ 3 billion in national treasures, "including the crown jewels, priceless gold treasures and the collection of national seals." The
560:). He also led adult leader training for Hungarian Scout leaders in exile in several locations within Germany during the late 1940s, and later at numerous locations abroad. He recommended
190:; his mother was the noble lady Gizella Pottyondy de Potyond et Csáford (1864-1921). His paternal grandfather was Farkas Ferenc de Kisbarnak (1820–1882), administrator of the states of
630:, a role in which he continued to serve through 1977. He also continued his involvement with Scouting both locally and internationally, serving as Chief Scout of Hungary for the
1342:
598:
1019:
631:
549:
312:
362:
As the Soviets advanced on Budapest, the Sixth Army was ordered to Budapest on October 12 where Farkas was briefly named commander of the Pest bridgehead. Regent
544:
While in the displaced persons camp, he founded the Pál Teleki Scout Association, which in 1948 was renamed the Hungarian Scout Association in Exile, and after
564:, a Hungarian Scout leader and one of his former officers with whom he had maintained a relationship, for a position as a Hungarian language instructor at the
297:
481:. The jewels were then transported to Western Europe and eventually given to the United States Army for safekeeping from the Soviet Union. For much of the
346:
member, and under Farkas' the Hungarian VI Army Corps beat back a Red Army attack across the Carpathian mountains, employing brutal methods to keep the
1352:
462:
After Ferenc Szálasi assumed power, Farkas was not dismissed despite his previous loyalty to Horthy, and he swore an oath to the new Prime Minister.
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301:
289:
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between 1962 and 1977. His service through the end of the World War II resulted in controversies within Hungary that followed him until his death.
1367:
1306:
937:
478:
1206:
338:, Hitler's personal emissary in Hungary. Ferenc Farkas was to have been minister of cultural affairs. In July 1944 he replaced General
1337:
334:
first set in motion plans for a new Hungarian government loyal to the Allies, but the effort was forestalled after German pressure by
253:
532:
arrangements. He remained in Germany becoming the highest-ranking Hungarian officer to settle in a country controlled by the Allies.
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911:
853:
798:
268:
241:
125:
100:
678:
486:
199:
1357:
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experience teaching leadership at the Ludovika Akadémia. In 1958 he founded the White Stag Leadership Development Program in
1015:
917:
1193:
1189:
263:(officer training school) which had been founded in 1872. Among the officers he brought to the Akadémia was 21-year-old
1347:
963:
293:
819:"The Left Handshake, Chapter IV-RESOLUTION-Scouting in Occupied Countries: Part Seven—Greece, Yugoslavia and Hungary"
1161:
742:
569:
225:
814:
260:
129:
104:
1232:
1127:
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822:
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in Budapest on May 25–29, 1938, at which time he created a lifelong relationship with the Pope and the Vatican.
237:
96:
561:
515:
264:
214:
186:. His father was Farkas Ferenc de Kisbarnak (1849-1937), captain of the Hungarian Royal army, and notary of
284:
A lifelong supporter of Scouting, Farkas in June 1941 became Chief Scout of Hungary, upon Prime Minister
179:
1073:
712:
470:
456:
387:
376:
218:
32:
399:
1332:
1327:
941:
707:"vitez kisbarnaki Farkas Ferenc rehabilitated". Hungarian Scout Association Abroad. October 27, 2006.
497:) alongside the bulk of America's gold reserves and other priceless historical items. U.S. President
351:
273:
137:
786:
545:
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again, and face charges and possible execution. Farkas drove across Austria and France to General
619:
553:
423:
335:
175:
117:
50:
767:
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occupied the country and forbid organization of Scouting units, he remained Chief Scout of the
1210:
907:
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794:
463:
436:
432:
382:
343:
339:
156:
152:
1263:(The Tartar Pass Looks Back) Farkas Ferenc, Kárpát: Buenos Aires, 1952 (196 p.) (Hunagarian)
601:
that the USSR would dissolve due to the pressures of its internal non-Russian nationalities.
658:
511:
507:
451:
In the final months of the war, Farkas presided over the trial of fellow Lieutenant General
420:
363:
331:
203:
144:
245:
132:, the country's officer training school, and General of the Hungarian VI Army Corps during
1086:
725:
585:
as one of its purposes support for the restoration of a democratic government in Hungary.
565:
172:
54:
674:
428:
323:
In 1943 Farkas assumed command of the Hungarian Sixth Army, which had been garrisoned at
878:
1321:
610:
the legal process was later found to lack the minimum requirements for legal action.
408:
285:
249:
206:
148:
846:
Edmund Veesenmayer: Agent und Diplomat der nationalsozialistischen Expansionspolitik
989:
594:
498:
452:
308:
183:
133:
76:
518:, Normandy, which housed 40,000 prisoners, including 218 generals and 6 admirals.
514:'s headquarters. Farkas was placed in a prisoner of war camp in Foucarville, near
195:
901:
791:
The Undaunted- The Survival and Revival of Scouting in Central and Eastern Europe
307:
Farkas retained the title and role of Chief Scout through World War II. When the
1068:
Gyula, Borbándi (1989). "A magyar emigráció életrajza" (in Hungarian). Budapest.
416:
350:
from advancing. He became known as the heroic defender of the Tatár Pass in the
221:
124:
kisbarnaki Farkas Ferenc; May 27, 1892 – April 14, 1980) was Chief Scout of the
1101:
187:
490:
404:
210:
46:
967:
848:(in German). Oldenbourg: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. pp. 262–267.
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818:
635:
627:
593:(ABN) which openly advocated the destruction of the Soviet Union and its
494:
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412:
347:
324:
160:
121:
68:
746:
474:
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72:
1236:
1135:
1046:
328:
248:, Hungary, alongside Hungary's Chief Scout and future Prime Minister
141:
1275:(The History of the Altötting Parliament) Farkas Ferenc, (Hungarian)
552:. He was named Training Camp Chief and later Chief Commissioner (
661:("Vitézi Rend"); literally, "vitéz" means "knight" or "valiant".
236:
In 1933, he was chief organizer and General Camp Manager of the
276:, which has continually taught leadership to youth since then.
182:, which can trace back their origins to the first half of the
136:. He served under several political regimes including that of
1126:
Borbas, K.; translated by L.B.G. Simonyi (May–June 2005).
879:"Was Kisbarnaki Farkas a war criminal? – Historikerstreit"
642:
military rank and overturned his conviction posthumously.
252:. A Catholic, in 1938 Farkas was the chief organizer of a
657:"Vitéz" refers to a Hungarian knightly order founded by
597:. During the 1950 convention of the ABN, Farkas made an
1162:"Madison, Wilson, and East Central European Federalism"
107:; General of the Hungarian VI Army Corps, World War II
903:
Battle for Budapest: One Hundred Days in World War II
536:
Debrecen, reduced his former Army rank to a private.
506:
Communist rule were likely to be arrested and become
431:' government, and named the leader of the fanatical
91:
83:
61:
39:
23:
213:. Vitéz Ferenc Farkas de Kisbarnak's brother was
931:
929:
927:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
793:. Geneva: Oriole International Publications.
367:entire southern flank open to Soviet attack.
8:
669:
667:
906:. Translated by Ladislaus Löb. I.B.Tauris.
781:
779:
777:
775:
259:In the same year he assumed command of the
1278:
900:Ungváry, Krisztián; Ladislaus Löb (2004).
300:, Chief Scout of Sweden and member of the
31:
20:
1343:Hungarian collaborators with Nazi Germany
1121:
1119:
1016:"Hungary: Recovery of Crown Jewels 1945"
381:Working through his trustworthy General
1155:
1153:
920:from the original on November 17, 2017.
737:
735:
650:
319:Commander of Hungarian Sixth Army Corps
296:Headquarters in exile, and with Prince
1192:, Edinburgh. Acc. 10090, Papers of Dr
1082:
1071:
721:
710:
702:
700:
698:
696:
477:, Austria on May 4, 1945, by the U.S.
313:Hungarian Scout Association in Exteris
1297:Captain General of the Order of Vitéz
938:"War and Game: Operation Panzerfaust"
825:from the original on October 15, 2007
232:Scouting and Officers Training School
161:Captain General of the Order of Vitéz
7:
1273:Az Altöttingi Országgyûlés Története
964:"Central European Military Antiques"
16:Hungarian scout and military officer
1209:. February 13, 2000. Archived from
1022:from the original on August 5, 2009
996:from the original on March 3, 2016
681:from the original on July 10, 2009
632:Hungarian Scout Association Abroad
605:Conviction, death, and restoration
550:Hungarian Scout Association Abroad
14:
1160:Levy, Jonathen L. (May 8, 2006).
217:(1894–1958), literary historian,
1353:Hungarian people of World War II
487:United States Bullion Depository
358:Secret negotiations to surrender
1363:Scouting and Guiding in Hungary
1134:. pp. 9–10. Archived from
1045:. pp. 9–10. Archived from
290:Boy Scouts International Bureau
130:Royal Ludovica Military Academy
105:Royal Ludovica Military Academy
1233:"General Captain (Fõkapitány)"
591:Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations
1:
1368:World Scout Committee members
638:, Germany on April 14, 1980.
415:tanks to the Vienna Gates of
1190:National Library of Scotland
546:the fall of the Iron Curtain
540:Pál Teleki Scout Association
522:Post World War II activities
128:, commanding officer of the
626:) of The Knightly Order of
269:Hungarian Scout Association
1384:
1171:. University of Cincinnati
844:Igor-Philip Matic (2002).
815:Saunders, Hilary St George
743:"The History of the Order"
675:"Kisbarnaki Farkas Ferenc"
374:
254:World Eucharistic Congress
138:Charles IV King of Hungary
114:Ferenc Farkas de Kisbarnak
25:Ferenc Farkas de Kisbarnak
1338:Hungarian anti-communists
1303:
1294:
1286:
1281:
473:were in fact captured in
455:(former commander of the
315:until his death in 1980.
215:Gyula Farkas de Kisbarnak
200:Gyula Farkas de Kisbarnak
194:, property of the county
30:
238:4th World Scout Jamboree
101:Hungarian Scout Movement
1194:Robert Douglas McIntyre
1043:"Mission & History"
453:Lajos Veres von Dalnoki
261:Royal Ludovika Akademia
226:University of Göttingen
1358:People from Eisenstadt
1290:Archduke Joseph August
1081:Cite journal requires
966:. 2007. Archived from
720:Cite journal requires
576:Anti-Soviet activities
479:86th Infantry Division
298:Gustav Adolf of Sweden
280:Chief Scout of Hungary
1307:Archduke Joseph Árpád
1261:A Tatárhágó Visszanéz
613:Farkas was convicted
485:, it was held at the
457:Hungarian Second Army
447:Service at end of war
439:, as Prime Minister.
388:Operation Panzerfaust
377:Operation Panzerfaust
371:Fall of Regent Horthy
327:. During March 1944,
302:World Scout Committee
95:General Camp Manager
970:on February 13, 2009
787:Kroonenberg, Piet J.
768:hu:Ludovika Akadémia
570:Army Language School
352:Carpathian Mountains
274:Monterey, California
242:Hungarian Boy Scouts
126:Hungarian Boy Scouts
1267:v. k. Farkas Ferenc
1239:on October 17, 2007
992:. January 2, 2007.
936:Williamson, Mitch.
749:on October 17, 2007
224:, professor of the
180:Farkas de Kisbarnak
171:He was born in the
1348:Hungarian nobility
1041:Ferenczy, Lorant.
990:"Historikerstreit"
516:Sainte-Mère-Église
424:Edmund Veesenmayer
400:Miklós Horthy, Jr.
336:Edmund Veesenmayer
97:4th World Jamboree
51:Kingdom of Hungary
1313:
1312:
1304:Succeeded by
881:. January 2, 2007
527:U.S. Army liaison
433:Arrow Cross Party
386:and set in place
344:Arrow Cross Party
153:Arrow Cross Party
147:, Prime Minister
111:
110:
99:; Chief Scout of
1375:
1287:Preceded by
1282:Honorary titles
1279:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1235:. Archived from
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1203:
1197:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1138:on July 12, 2011
1128:"Current Events"
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1111:
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1049:on July 12, 2011
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1005:
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940:. Archived from
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745:. Archived from
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718:
716:
708:
704:
691:
690:
688:
686:
677:(in Hungarian).
671:
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599:early prediction
595:fifth columnists
512:George S. Patton
508:Prisoners of War
35:
21:
1383:
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1378:
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1376:
1374:
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1255:Further reading
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1213:on June 4, 2008
1205:
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1100:Daniel Kutasi.
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944:on July 8, 2011
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566:U.S. government
562:Béla H. Bánáthy
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176:Hungarian noble
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55:Austria-Hungary
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464:Károly Beregfy
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437:Ferenc Szálasi
375:Main article:
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359:
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340:Károly Beregfy
320:
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281:
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240:hosted by the
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173:Roman Catholic
168:
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157:Ferenc Szálasi
109:
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65:April 14, 1980
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1102:"Geschichte"
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1053:December 16,
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134:World War II
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77:West Germany
43:May 27, 1892
18:
1333:1980 deaths
1328:1892 births
1269:(Hungarian)
1207:"The Siege"
1132:Hadak Utjan
1104:(in German)
829:October 10,
615:in absentia
417:Castle Hill
383:Béla Miklós
219:Finno-Ugric
84:Nationality
1322:Categories
1301:1962–1977
1169:PhD thesis
646:References
624:Fõkapitány
286:Pál Teleki
250:Pál Teleki
196:Esterházys
149:Pál Teleki
948:April 16,
620:Hungarian
554:Hungarian
491:Fort Knox
405:Waffen SS
211:physicist
204:Hungarian
188:Kismarton
118:Hungarian
87:Hungarian
47:Kismarton
1020:Archived
1000:March 5,
994:Archived
918:Archived
823:Archived
817:(1948).
789:(1998).
679:Archived
636:Arnstorf
495:Kentucky
483:Cold War
413:Tiger II
348:Red Army
325:Debrecen
222:linguist
69:Arnstorf
568:'s new
475:Mattsee
246:Gödöllő
178:family
155:leader
73:Bavaria
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548:, the
407:Major
329:Regent
292:, the
167:Family
151:, and
142:Regent
1165:(PDF)
628:Vitéz
342:, an
122:vitéz
1245:2008
1219:2008
1177:2008
1144:2008
1110:2008
1087:help
1055:2008
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1002:2016
976:2008
950:2009
908:ISBN
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850:ISBN
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726:help
687:2008
209:and
192:Réde
62:Died
40:Born
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