1099:
1951:, Kalverboer and Gramsbergen eds., pp. 415–418 (2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers): "The first movements to occur are sideward bendings of the head. ... At 9–10 weeks postmestrual age complex and generalized movements occur. These are the so-called general movements (Prechtl et al., 1979) and the startles. Both include the whole body, but the general movements are slower and have a complex sequence of involved body parts, while the startle is a quick, phasic movement of all limbs and trunk and neck."
76:
1132:
838:
1158:
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582:
1016:, but continue to grow and develop in complexity in the growing fetus. A functional circulatory system is a biological necessity since mammalian tissues can not grow more than a few cell layers thick without an active blood supply. The prenatal circulation of blood is different from postnatal circulation, mainly because the lungs are not in use. The fetus obtains
1628:
1552:
671:, or fine hair, begins to disappear until it is gone except on the upper arms and shoulders. Small breast buds are present in both sexes. Head hair becomes coarse and thicker. Birth is imminent and occurs around the 38th week after fertilization. The fetus is considered full-term between weeks 37 and 40 when it is sufficiently developed for
336:
2438:
Two authors of the study published in JAMA did not report their abortion-related activities, which pro-life groups called a conflict of interest; the editor of JAMA responded that JAMA probably would have mentioned those activities if they had been disclosed, but still would have published the study.
1638:
The benefits of a fetal stage means that young are more developed when they are born. Therefore, they may need less parental care and may be better able to fend for themselves. However, carrying fetuses exerts costs on the mother, who must take on extra food to fuel the growth of her offspring, and
1462:
months) is an essential event with regard to fetal perception of pain. Nevertheless, the perception of pain involves sensory, emotional and cognitive factors and it is "impossible to know" when pain is experienced, even if it is known when thalamocortical connections are established. Some authors
2484:(Blackwell 2000): "The multidimensionality of pain perception, involving sensory, emotional, and cognitive factors may in itself be the basis of conscious, painful experience, but it will remain difficult to attribute this to a fetus at any particular developmental age." Retrieved 2007-02-21.
2131:, Vol.4 No.6 (2003): "most neonatologists would agree that survival of infants younger than approximately 22 to 23 weeks' estimated gestational age is universally dismal and that resuscitative efforts should not be undertaken when a neonate is born at this point in pregnancy."
1439:
are debated politically and academically. According to the conclusions of a review published in 2005, "Evidence regarding the capacity for fetal pain is limited but indicates that fetal perception of pain is unlikely before the third trimester." However, developmental
951:
are that the respiratory system and the central nervous system are not completely differentiated. If given expert postnatal care, some preterm babies weighing less than 500 g (1 lb 2 oz) may survive, and are referred to as
837:
2529:
The neural pathways are present for pain to be experienced quite early by unborn babies," explains Steven Calvin, M.D., perinatologist, chair of the
Program in Human Rights Medicine, University of Minnesota, where he teaches
1987:
615:, rather than for obtaining oxygen. The heart, hands, feet, brain, and other organs are present, but are only at the beginning of development and have minimal operation. Uncontrolled movements and twitches occur as
2494:
2036:, page 48 (2000 Cambridge University Press): "Motor competence at birth is limited in the human neonate. The voluntary control of movement develops and matures during a prolonged period up to puberty...."
1482:
have proposed legislation that would require providers of abortions to inform pregnant women that their fetuses may feel pain during the procedure and that would require each person to accept or decline
366:
1343:
defects. Another dietary concern is whether breakfast is eaten. Skipping breakfast could lead to extended periods of lower than normal nutrients in the maternal blood, leading to a higher risk of
1331:. One area of concern is the lifestyle choices made during pregnancy. Diet is especially important in the early stages of development. Studies show that supplementation of the person's diet with
2758:
1098:
880:
There is no sharp limit of development, age, or weight at which a fetus automatically becomes viable. According to data from 2003 to 2005, survival rates are 20–35% for babies born at 23
655:
develop as early as 24 weeks of gestational age, but the first evidence of their function does not occur until around 30 weeks. Bones are fully developed but are still soft and pliable.
1309:
against those diseases for which the mother has antibodies. This transfer of antibodies in humans begins as early as the fifth month (gestational age) and certainly by the sixth month.
639:
at about 21 weeks, whereas a woman who has given birth before will typically feel movements by 20 weeks. By the end of the fifth month, the fetus is about 20 cm (8 in) long.
1983:
966:
is the most common cause of infant mortality, causing almost 30 percent of neonatal deaths. At an occurrence rate of 5% to 18% of all deliveries, it is also more common than
2012:
675:. It may be 48 to 53 cm (19 to 21 in) in length when born. Control of movement is limited at birth, and purposeful voluntary movements continue to develop until
359:
307:
1810:
2651:
Campiglia, Sylvia S.; Walker, Muriel H. (1995). "Developing embryo and cyclic changes in the uterus of
Peripatus (Macroperipatus) acacioi (Onychophora, Peripatidae)".
2077:
611:, and weighs about 8 grams. The head makes up nearly half of the size of the fetus. Breathing-like movements of the fetus are necessary for the stimulation of
297:
2502:
2603:
1571:
and birth. Many vertebrates have fetal stages, ranging from most mammals to many fish. In addition, some invertebrates bear live young, including some species of
1582:
The fetuses of most mammals are situated similarly to the human fetus within their mothers. However, the anatomy of the area surrounding a fetus is different in
3635:
1601:
animals are born with open eyes, have hair or down, have large brains, and are immediately mobile and somewhat able to flee from, or defend themselves against,
1318:
732:
692:
352:
820:
abnormalities, and other long-term health problems. SGA may be associated with growth delay, or it may instead be associated with absolute stunting of growth.
455:
is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing an embryo from a fetus. However, a fetus is characterized by the presence of all the major body
1395:, where the ductus does not properly close, drugs that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis can be used to encourage its closure, so that surgery can be avoided.
3604:
2825:
312:
2047:
2146:
2412:
Lee, Susan; Ralston, HJ; Drey, EA; Partridge, JC; Rosen, MA (August 24–31, 2005). "Fetal Pain A Systematic
Multidisciplinary Review of the Evidence".
1071:
into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries and re-enters the placenta, where
1370:(2,500 grams (5 pounds 8 ounces). Low birth weight is a concern for medical providers due to the tendency of these infants, described as "
2120:
2989:
138:
1049:
proper from the inferior border of the liver. The branch of the umbilical vein that supplies the right lobe of the liver first joins with the
4017:
3800:
3730:
2335:
2279:
322:
1885:
1088:, which directs most of this blood away from the lungs (which are not being used for respiration at this point as the fetus is suspended in
3305:
2099:
1965:
3904:
3072:
2717:
2354:
2250:
2231:
1867:
844:
3770:
1927:
863:
refers to a point in fetal development at which the fetus may survive outside the womb. The lower limit of viability is approximately
522:
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can survive only as long as the ductus remains open: in such cases the closure of the ductus can be delayed by the administration of
3805:
3670:
2225:
1737:
232:
2543:
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are known to have possible adverse effects on the development of the fetus, and the risks need to be weighed against the benefits.
2516:
2443:
2166:
3909:
3609:
3134:
2627:
2192:
2008:
1642:
In some instances, the presence of a fetal stage may allow organisms to time the birth of their offspring to a favorable season.
2377:
De Santis, M; Cesari, E; Nobili, E; Straface, G; Cavaliere, AF; Caruso, A (September 2007). "Radiation effects on development".
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3675:
2818:
2579:
1806:
1174:
781:
698:
697:
There is much variation in the growth of the human fetus. When the fetal size is less than expected, the condition is known as
672:
1078:
Some of the blood from the right atrium does not enter the left atrium, but enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the
3725:
2697:
1560:
1131:
792:, although premature birth can also result in low birth weight. Low birth weight increases the risk for perinatal mortality (
317:
2074:
593:
In humans, the fetal stage starts nine weeks after fertilization. At this time the fetus is typically about 30 millimetres (
3750:
3657:
3159:
2834:
2785:
65:
3755:
3715:
3214:
2868:
2600:
1295:
1264:
1122:
881:
852:
471:
277:
3584:
3395:
2899:
100:
3368:
3790:
3627:
3385:
3310:
3280:
2811:
252:
57:
1906:
3840:
3452:
3192:
3116:
1755:
1399:
785:
777:
292:
2060:(Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow October 2004)
1157:
3202:
2894:
1417:
can result in the death of the fetus and where this is rarely not resolved it can lead to its formation into a
1392:
994:
728:
302:
267:
237:
223:
459:, though they will not yet be fully developed and functional, and some may not yet be situated in their final
2051:
1849:(2005): "The fetal stage is from the beginning of the 9th week after fertilization and continues until birth"
1597:
species are relatively helpless at birth and require considerable parental care and protection. In contrast,
3775:
3640:
3378:
3139:
3106:
3065:
1479:
1384:
1355:
537:
2755:
at the
Endowment for Human Development website, featuring numerous motion pictures of human fetal movement.
1327:
A developing fetus is highly susceptible to anomalies in its growth and metabolism, increasing the risk of
3894:
3710:
3275:
3154:
1351:
75:
31:
3889:
3745:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3514:
3467:
3462:
3430:
3250:
1359:
1248:
1197:
1064:
1059:
940:
months) and over. It is rare for a baby weighing less than 500 g (1 lb 2 oz) to survive.
448:
242:
3996:
3935:
3795:
3652:
3576:
3484:
3474:
3270:
3171:
3149:
2848:
2117:
1546:
1082:. In the fetus, there is a special connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, called the
848:
647:
The amount of body fat rapidly increases. Lungs are not fully mature. Neural connections between the
632:
571:
452:
194:
1788:
4022:
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3810:
3765:
3665:
3524:
3442:
3425:
3390:
3245:
3166:
3126:
1684:
1430:
1414:
1407:
1013:
467:
174:
2704:. Modified from: Kimmel et al., 1995. Developmental Dynamics 203:253–310. Downloaded 5 March 2007.
1944:
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and/or tolerated in most countries, although with gestational time limits that normally prohibit
1270:
1226:
1042:
1009:
967:
813:
2096:
1962:
1590:
and is lodged along one of two long uteri instead of the single uterus found in a human female.
1467:. Evidence suggests that the perception of pain in the fetus occurs well before late gestation.
1391:
to permit sufficient time for the surgical correction of the anomalies. Conversely, in cases of
3864:
3740:
3479:
3420:
3260:
3240:
3235:
2911:
2889:
2737:
2668:
2480:
2429:
2394:
2351:
2331:
2275:
2265:
2221:
2215:
1859:
1846:
1733:
1694:
1587:
1403:
1242:
1084:
979:
608:
340:
287:
262:
189:
2714:
2033:
851:, showing viability and point of 50% chance of survival at bottom. Weeks and months numbered
763:
blood flow, transporters and binding proteins, nutrient utilization, and nutrient production.
3835:
3447:
3320:
3315:
3209:
2660:
2421:
2386:
2304:
1725:
1679:
1367:
1306:
1302:
1184:
1079:
1067:. The majority of blood flow is into the left ventricle from where it is pumped through the
948:
789:
390:
1639:
whose mobility and comfort may be affected (especially toward the end of the fetal stage).
3884:
3599:
3494:
3363:
3255:
3144:
3093:
3039:
2955:
2721:
2701:
2631:
2607:
2583:
2447:
2358:
2170:
2124:
2103:
2081:
1969:
1931:
1910:
1889:
1792:
1583:
1475:
1217:
1192:
860:
829:
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and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the mother's circulation.
2555:
2440:
3930:
3845:
3551:
3499:
3197:
2979:
2524:
2184:
2163:
1655:
1624:. Generally speaking, fetuses of larger land mammals require longer gestation periods.
1445:
1262:
usually closes within two to five days after birth, leaving, respectively, the liver's
1258:
1253:
1206:
1089:
1072:
1037:
1032:
1025:
760:
740:
648:
636:
127:
2624:
1499:
4011:
3940:
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3619:
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3187:
3101:
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1924:
1689:
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compared to humans: each fetus of a litter-bearing animal is surrounded by placental
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1344:
1211:
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963:
944:
42:
38:
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2272:
Maternal and Child Health
Nursing: Care of the Childbearing and Childrearing Family
1729:
1660:
1617:
1530:
1441:
1336:
1328:
1322:
1188:
1063:), and most of the blood flows from the right into the left atrium, thus bypassing
1005:
809:
805:
688:
2766:
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513:
498:
466:
In human prenatal development, fetal development begins from the ninth week after
3966:
3561:
3519:
3437:
3034:
3001:
2984:
2803:
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1613:
1593:
Development at birth varies considerably among animals, and even among mammals.
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1418:
1363:
1340:
1202:
1050:
989:
801:
620:
542:
257:
247:
143:
132:
2752:
3971:
3489:
3411:
3290:
3085:
3006:
2921:
2884:
1564:
1484:
1436:
1332:
817:
664:
555:
492:
475:
184:
148:
2308:
759:
Placental factors include size, microstructure (densities and architecture),
30:
This article is about the stage of prenatal development. For other uses, see
3081:
2960:
2664:
1665:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1576:
1471:
1464:
701:
also called fetal growth restriction; factors affecting fetal growth can be
581:
504:
440:
437:
204:
179:
3050:
2672:
2433:
2425:
2398:
1903:
1720:
Ghosh, Shampa; Raghunath, Manchala; Sinha, Jitendra Kumar (2017), "Fetus",
1057:. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the
529:
is used in
English by analogy with second-declension Latin nouns ending in
1183:
resistance is reduced dramatically, prompting more blood to move into the
3850:
3566:
2463:
1760:
1632:
1621:
1287:
1283:
1021:
797:
772:
output. Also, female fetuses tend to weigh less than males, at full term.
707:
652:
586:
1627:
3373:
3011:
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2904:
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1606:
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become more abundant. Fingernails reach the end of the fingertips. The
660:
479:
460:
199:
153:
116:
1209:
to the left atrium, producing an increase in pressure that pushes the
3879:
3341:
3336:
2945:
2916:
2858:
2853:
2795:
2778:
1383:
Congenital disorders are acquired before birth. Infants with certain
1017:
748:
744:
720:
668:
616:
456:
444:
209:
111:
95:
90:
17:
747:, and other drugs which can also harm the fetus in other ways), and
2295:
Dalby, JT (1978). "Environmental effects on prenatal development".
3945:
3925:
3358:
3018:
2996:
2974:
2965:
2926:
1945:"Prenatal and Early Postnatal Development of Human Motor Behavior"
1626:
1550:
1377:
1068:
1054:
1046:
1001:
988:
793:
751:
580:
509:
214:
158:
122:
1374:
by weight", to have a higher risk of secondary medical problems.
768:
Fetal factors include the fetal genome, nutrient production, and
517:'offspring, bringing forth, hatching of young'. The Latin plural
1350:
Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of the development of
1180:
1179:
With the first breath after birth, the system changes suddenly.
656:
612:
3054:
2807:
2544:"Are We Overlooking Fetal Pain and Suffering During Abortion?"
1494:
399:
1246:
normally closes within one or two days of birth, leaving the
2326:
Fetal alcohol syndrome: a guide for families and communities
2009:"Giving Birth Before Your Due Date: Do All 40 Weeks Matter?"
405:
1807:"Charlton T. Lewis, An Elementary Latin Dictionary, fētus"
1463:
argue that fetal pain is possible from the second half of
1785:
1229:
into the standard left and right sides. Thereafter, the
1511:
1031:
Blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the
27:
Prenatal organism between the embryonic state and birth
2625:
A Global Review of Laws on
Induced Abortion, 1985–1997
2252:
Comprehensive
Perinatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care
1609:
are precocial at birth, with the exception of humans.
2623:
Anika Rahman, Laura
Katzive and Stanley K. Henshaw. "
2274:. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1860:"Fetal development: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
408:
396:
2379:
Birth
Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews
2148:
The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology
2034:"Cerebral Palsies: Epidemiology and Causal Pathways"
1949:
Handbook of brain and behaviour in human development
1555:
Fourteen phases of elephant development before birth
402:
3989:
3954:
3918:
3872:
3863:
3823:
3618:
3575:
3544:
3537:
3404:
3329:
3298:
3289:
3223:
3180:
3125:
3092:
3027:
2935:
2877:
2841:
1883:
Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention
1724:, Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–5,
393:
2738:Laboratory and Field Investigations in Marine Life
2464:"Study: Fetus feels no pain until third trimester"
2323:
2141:
2139:
2137:
1053:. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the
1880:Institute of Medicine of the National Academies,
1470:Whether a fetus has the ability to feel pain and
554:spelling is first attested in 1594 and arose in
2548:American Society of Anesthesiologists Newsletter
2220:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 163.
2118:Prenatal Consultation at the Limits of Viability
2577:Recovering Damages for Fetal Pain and Suffering
2499:International Association for the Study of Pain
2159:
2157:
1225:and completing the separation of the newborn's
1205:. The blood from the lungs travels through the
451:, the fetal stage of development takes place.
3066:
2819:
1973:(Blackwell 2000), p. 8. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
1722:Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior
1319:Environmental toxicants and fetal development
877:months gestational age and is usually later.
776:Fetal growth is often classified as follows:
693:Environmental toxicants and fetal development
360:
8:
2214:Buck, Germaine M.; Platt, Robert W. (2011).
970:, which occurs in 3% to 12% of pregnancies.
2441:"Study Authors Didn't Report Abortion Ties"
2414:Journal of the American Medical Association
2245:
2243:
2241:
2183:World Health Organization (November 2014).
558:by analogy with classical Latin words like
37:"Foetus" redirects here. For the band, see
3869:
3541:
3295:
3073:
3059:
3051:
2826:
2812:
2804:
2772:
2636:International Family Planning Perspectives
2601:House to Consider Abortion Anesthesia Bill
2474:
2472:
1195:of the heart and less to flow through the
1107:of 80-millimetre (3 in) fetus (about
1020:and nutrients from the mother through the
367:
353:
52:
2732:
2730:
2068:
2066:
1841:
1839:
1984:"You and your baby at 37 weeks pregnant"
2740:, page 320 (Jones & Bartlett 2008).
2217:Reproductive and perinatal epidemiology
2107:(Blackwell 1999). Retrieved 2007-03-04.
2048:"Insights into Early Fetal Development"
1709:
1094:
275:
222:
166:
82:
64:
2646:
2644:
2590:(December 2002). Retrieved 2007-03-10.
2085:(Elsevier 2000). Retrieved 2007-03-04.
1914:(Sixth Edition). Retrieved 2007-03-05.
1893:(2006), page 317. Retrieved 2008-03-12
1531:Abortion of a human pregnancy is legal
1035:. About half of this enters the fetal
2521:Minnesota Citizens Concerned for Life
2330:. Baltimore, MD: Paul H Brookes Pub.
1478:. In the United States, for example,
1305:cross the placenta, giving the fetus
912:months); and >90% at 26–27 weeks (
631:A woman pregnant for the first time (
7:
2478:Johnson, Martin and Everitt, Barry.
2072:Holden, Chris and MacDonald, Anita.
1750:
1748:
1715:
1713:
947:babies are born, the main causes of
898:months); 50–70% at 24–25 weeks (6 –
536:The predominant British, Irish, and
3905:Psychiatric disorders of childbirth
2575:David, Barry and Goldberg, Barth. "
2367:(2007-10-19). Retrieved 2018-08-26.
2322:Streissguth, Ann Pytkowicz (1997).
1567:organisms. This stage lies between
417:
2769:: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
2736:Sumich, James and Dudley, Gordon.
1435:The existence and implications of
1398:Other heart birth defects include
1298:of infectious diseases can occur.
1045:, while the other half enters the
719:Maternal factors include maternal
643:Weeks 26 to 38 (6.6 to 8.6 months)
627:Weeks 17 to 25 (3.6 to 6.6 months)
25:
2614:2006-12-05. Retrieved 2007-02-06.
2195:from the original on 7 March 2015
2097:Management of High-Risk Pregnancy
623:, and pathways begin to develop.
589:, at three months gestational age
546:, except in medical usage, where
3910:Postpartum physiological changes
3610:Postpartum physiological changes
3135:Assisted reproductive technology
2638:Volume 24, Number 2 (June 1998).
2542:White, R. Frank (October 2001).
2364:MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
2234:from the original on 2016-08-15.
2185:"Preterm birth Fact sheet N°363"
1870:from the original on 2011-10-27.
1831:New Oxford Dictionary of English
1498:
1444:argue that the establishment of
1156:
1130:
1097:
836:
389:
334:
74:
3962:Adaptation to extrauterine life
2297:Journal of Pediatric Psychology
2164:March of Dimes – Neonatal Death
2015:from the original on 2022-11-02
1990:from the original on 2022-11-02
1963:Essentials of Neonatal Medicine
1813:from the original on 2017-01-04
1175:Adaptation to extrauterine life
782:appropriate for gestational age
699:intrauterine growth restriction
577:Weeks 9 to 16 (2 to 3.6 months)
3605:Maternal physiological changes
2173:, retrieved September 2, 2009.
1847:Introductory Maternity Nursing
1730:10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_62-1
1:
3160:partner-assisted reproduction
2835:Development of the human body
2517:"Unborn babies can feel pain"
2256:Delmar. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
2145:Moore, Keith and Persaud, T.
1612:The duration of gestation in
1294:. When this is insufficient,
1012:form relatively early during
4018:Animal developmental biology
2763:(National Geographic video).
2753:Prenatal Image Gallery Index
2058:Behind the Medical Headlines
1296:mother-to-child transmission
1290:against the transmission of
278:Developmental stage theories
139:Emerging and early adulthood
3396:Traditional birth attendant
2786:Stages of human development
2724:, page 78 (Blackwell 2004).
2695:Pharyngula Period (24–48 h)
2501:. June 2006. Archived from
1986:. NHS.UK. 8 December 2020.
1786:Online Etymology Dictionary
585:A human fetus, attached to
4044:
3628:Brain health and pollution
2270:Pillitteri, Adele (2009).
2075:Nutrition and Child Health
1559:A fetus is a stage in the
1544:
1428:
1316:
1172:
977:
954:extremely low birth weight
827:
686:
569:
525:; occasionally the plural
474:) and continues until the
224:Development and psychology
36:
29:
3841:Chorionic villus sampling
3193:Obstetric ultrasonography
3117:Pre-conception counseling
2792:
2783:
2775:
2151:, p. 103 (Saunders 2003).
1904:The Columbia Encyclopedia
1783:Harper, Douglas. (2001).
1756:Oxford English Dictionary
1400:ventricular septal defect
1354:, a condition leading to
788:(LGA). SGA can result in
786:large for gestational age
778:small for gestational age
607: in) in length from
3731:Intrahepatic cholestasis
1934:". Retrieved 2007-01-20.
1393:patent ductus arteriosus
1385:congenital heart defects
1360:Smoking during pregnancy
995:fetal circulatory system
303:Psychosexual development
3801:Motor vehicle emissions
3662:Concomitant conditions
3636:environmental toxicants
3379:Auxiliary nurse midwife
3140:artificial insemination
3107:Natural family planning
2665:10.1002/jmor.1052240207
2249:Whitaker, Kent (2001).
1960:Levene, Malcolm et al.
1923:Greenfield, Marjorie. "
1796:. Retrieved 2007-01-20.
1616:varies from 18 days in
1491:Legal and social issues
1480:anti-abortion advocates
1356:intellectual disability
673:life outside the uterus
3895:Postpartum confinement
3155:in vitro fertilisation
2481:Essential reproduction
2426:10.1001/jama.294.8.947
2309:10.1093/jpepsy/3.3.105
2045:Becher, Julie-Claire.
2032:Stanley, Fiona et al.
1635:
1584:litter-bearing animals
1556:
1448:connections (at about
1352:fetal alcohol syndrome
1313:Developmental problems
1288:maternal-fetal barrier
1041:and is carried to the
997:
796:shortly after birth),
590:
443:that develops from an
32:Fetus (disambiguation)
3890:Postpartum depression
3771:Pruritic folliculitis
3515:Unassisted childbirth
2653:Journal of Morphology
1630:
1554:
1545:Further information:
1317:Further information:
1249:ligamentum arteriosum
1169:Postnatal development
1065:pulmonary circulation
1014:embryonic development
993:Diagram of the human
992:
727:, nutritional state,
687:Further information:
584:
570:Further information:
566:Development in humans
341:Psychology portal
243:Nature versus nurture
167:Biological milestones
3997:Gravidity and parity
3977:Congenital disorders
3936:Lactation consultant
3806:Pre-existing disease
3485:Childbirth positions
3475:Rupture of membranes
3172:Unintended pregnancy
3150:fertility medication
2599:Weisman, Jonathan. "
2588:Illinois Bar Journal
2350:O'Reilly, Deirdre. "
1845:Klossner, N. Jayne,
1561:prenatal development
1547:Evolution of mammals
1347:, or birth defects.
1335:reduces the risk of
849:prenatal development
572:Prenatal development
453:Prenatal development
195:Language acquisition
41:. For the film, see
3900:Sex after pregnancy
3707:Endocrine diseases
3653:Prenatal depression
3525:Placental expulsion
3443:Uterine contraction
3426:cervical effacement
3167:Fertility awareness
1685:Pregnancy (mammals)
1535:late-term abortions
1431:Prenatal perception
1415:abdominal pregnancy
1408:tetralogy of Fallot
683:Variation in growth
523:not used in English
461:anatomical location
318:Cultural-historical
3676:Hypercoagulability
3505:Natural childbirth
3354:Postterm pregnancy
3112:Male contraceptive
2990:Emerging adulthood
2720:2023-04-07 at the
2700:2007-07-14 at the
2630:2016-03-03 at the
2606:2008-10-28 at the
2582:2007-09-28 at the
2446:2009-04-25 at the
2439:See Denise Grady,
2391:10.1002/bdrc.20099
2357:2011-10-27 at the
2169:2014-10-24 at the
2123:2009-06-08 at the
2102:2023-04-24 at the
2080:2020-07-31 at the
1968:2023-04-08 at the
1930:2007-01-22 at the
1909:2007-10-12 at the
1888:2011-06-07 at the
1791:2013-04-20 at the
1671:Neural development
1636:
1557:
1510:. You can help by
1271:ligamentum venosus
1227:circulatory system
1185:pulmonary arteries
1043:inferior vena cava
1010:circulatory system
998:
974:Circulatory system
882:weeks of gestation
814:immune dysfunction
635:) typically feels
591:
550:is preferred. The
233:Pre- and perinatal
4005:
4004:
3990:Obstetric history
3985:
3984:
3946:Confinement nanny
3859:
3858:
3726:Acute fatty liver
3533:
3532:
3421:cervical dilation
3048:
3047:
2912:Adult development
2890:Child development
2802:
2801:
2793:Succeeded by
2767:Fetal development
2352:Fetal development
2337:978-1-55766-283-5
2281:978-1-58255-999-5
2116:Halamek, Louis. "
1774:O.E.D.2nd Ed.2005
1702:
1701:
1631:Fetal stage of a
1614:placental mammals
1528:
1527:
1404:pulmonary atresia
1362:may also lead to
1358:in some infants.
1243:ductus arteriosus
1163:Fetus at 5 months
1085:ductus arteriosus
980:Fetal circulation
377:
376:
16:(Redirected from
4035:
3870:
3836:Cardiotocography
3542:
3448:Vaginal delivery
3321:Nesting instinct
3296:
3281:Rudimentary horn
3210:Prenatal testing
3075:
3068:
3061:
3052:
3028:Social and legal
2828:
2821:
2814:
2805:
2776:Preceded by
2773:
2741:
2734:
2725:
2711:
2705:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2648:
2639:
2621:
2615:
2597:
2591:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2554:. Archived from
2539:
2533:
2532:
2523:. Archived from
2513:
2507:
2506:
2491:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2437:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2374:
2368:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2263:
2257:
2247:
2236:
2235:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2180:
2174:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2132:
2114:
2108:
2092:
2086:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2050:. Archived from
2043:
2037:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1980:
1974:
1958:
1952:
1943:Prechtl, Heinz.
1941:
1935:
1921:
1915:
1900:
1894:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1856:
1850:
1843:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1717:
1680:Potential person
1650:
1649:
1620:to 23 months in
1523:
1520:
1502:
1495:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1368:low birth weight
1307:passive immunity
1265:ligamentum teres
1233:is known as the
1160:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1134:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1101:
1080:pulmonary artery
968:postmature birth
958:immature infants
939:
938:
934:
931:
925:
924:
920:
917:
911:
910:
906:
903:
897:
896:
892:
889:
876:
875:
871:
868:
840:
790:low birth weight
729:emotional stress
613:lung development
606:
605:
601:
598:
447:. Following the
436:) is the unborn
419:
415:
414:
411:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
369:
362:
355:
339:
338:
337:
238:Infant and child
78:
53:
21:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3981:
3950:
3914:
3885:Postpartum care
3855:
3819:
3722:Liver diseases
3716:Thyroid disease
3614:
3600:Gestational age
3571:
3529:
3495:Labor induction
3400:
3391:Perinatal nurse
3364:Birth attendant
3325:
3285:
3219:
3215:Medical imaging
3176:
3145:fertility fraud
3121:
3088:
3079:
3049:
3044:
3040:Age of majority
3023:
2956:Early childhood
2931:
2878:Birth and after
2873:
2869:Gestational age
2837:
2832:
2798:
2789:
2781:
2749:
2744:
2735:
2728:
2722:Wayback Machine
2715:Human Evolution
2712:
2708:
2702:Wayback Machine
2692:
2688:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2632:Wayback Machine
2622:
2618:
2612:Washington Post
2608:Wayback Machine
2598:
2594:
2584:Wayback Machine
2574:
2570:
2561:
2559:
2558:on Jan 25, 2008
2541:
2540:
2536:
2527:on 2016-07-19.
2515:
2514:
2510:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2448:Wayback Machine
2411:
2410:
2406:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2359:Wayback Machine
2349:
2345:
2338:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2248:
2239:
2228:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2171:Wayback Machine
2162:
2155:
2144:
2135:
2125:Wayback Machine
2115:
2111:
2104:Wayback Machine
2094:Queenan, John.
2093:
2089:
2082:Wayback Machine
2071:
2064:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2031:
2027:
2018:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1970:Wayback Machine
1959:
1955:
1942:
1938:
1932:Wayback Machine
1922:
1918:
1911:Wayback Machine
1901:
1897:
1890:Wayback Machine
1879:
1875:
1864:www.nlm.nih.gov
1858:
1857:
1853:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1816:
1814:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1793:Wayback Machine
1782:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1707:
1648:
1549:
1543:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1508:needs expansion
1493:
1487:for the fetus.
1476:abortion debate
1474:is part of the
1458:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:thalamocortical
1442:neurobiologists
1433:
1427:
1325:
1315:
1286:functions as a
1280:
1218:septum secundum
1207:pulmonary veins
1177:
1171:
1164:
1161:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1126:
1123:gestational age
1117:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1102:
987:
982:
976:
936:
932:
929:
927:
922:
918:
915:
913:
908:
904:
901:
899:
894:
890:
887:
885:
873:
869:
866:
864:
861:Fetal viability
858:
857:
856:
846:
841:
832:
830:Fetal viability
826:
725:body mass index
695:
685:
645:
637:fetal movements
629:
603:
599:
596:
594:
579:
574:
568:
488:
472:gestational age
470:(eleventh week
449:embryonic stage
392:
388:
373:
335:
333:
280:
135:
119:
108:
68:and development
67:
49:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4041:
4039:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4010:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3931:Health visitor
3928:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3846:Nonstress test
3843:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3762:Skin diseases
3760:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3552:Amniotic fluid
3548:
3546:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3500:Multiple birth
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3306:Bradley method
3302:
3300:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3198:Pregnancy test
3195:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3131:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3055:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2980:Preadolescence
2972:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2791:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2764:
2756:
2748:
2747:External links
2745:
2743:
2742:
2726:
2713:Lewin, Roger.
2706:
2686:
2659:(2): 179–198.
2640:
2616:
2592:
2568:
2534:
2508:
2505:on 2013-07-01.
2486:
2468:
2456:
2452:New York Times
2404:
2369:
2343:
2336:
2314:
2303:(3): 105–109.
2287:
2280:
2258:
2237:
2226:
2206:
2175:
2153:
2133:
2109:
2087:
2062:
2054:on 2013-06-01.
2038:
2025:
2000:
1975:
1953:
1936:
1916:
1895:
1873:
1851:
1835:
1823:
1798:
1776:
1767:
1744:
1738:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1695:Women's rights
1692:
1687:
1682:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1656:Fetal position
1647:
1644:
1542:
1539:
1526:
1525:
1505:
1503:
1492:
1489:
1429:Main article:
1426:
1423:
1389:prostaglandins
1314:
1311:
1303:IgG antibodies
1279:
1276:
1259:ductus venosus
1254:umbilical vein
1221:, closing the
1173:Main article:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1103:
1096:
1090:amniotic fluid
1073:carbon dioxide
1038:ductus venosus
1033:umbilical vein
1026:umbilical cord
986:
983:
978:Main article:
975:
972:
843:
842:
835:
834:
833:
828:Main article:
825:
822:
774:
773:
765:
764:
756:
755:
733:toxin exposure
684:
681:
649:sensory cortex
644:
641:
628:
625:
578:
575:
567:
564:
487:
484:
375:
374:
372:
371:
364:
357:
349:
346:
345:
344:
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328:
327:
326:
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71:
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62:
61:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4040:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:Monthly nurse
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
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3908:
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3891:
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3868:
3866:
3862:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3831:Amniocentesis
3829:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3791:Vaginal flora
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3754:
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3749:
3747:
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3738:
3736:
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3727:
3724:
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3721:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3681:Substance use
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3595:Fundal height
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3347:Preterm birth
3345:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3311:Hypnobirthing
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3188:3D ultrasound
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Birth control
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2495:"Fetal pain?"
2490:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2454:(2005-08-26).
2453:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2420:(8): 947–54.
2419:
2415:
2408:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2385:(3): 177–82.
2384:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2227:9780199857746
2223:
2219:
2218:
2210:
2207:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1925:Dr. Spock.com
1920:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1739:9783319478296
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1690:Superfetation
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1569:embryogenesis
1566:
1562:
1553:
1548:
1541:Other animals
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1513:
1509:
1506:This section
1504:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:birth defects
1324:
1320:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1278:Immune system
1277:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1231:foramen ovale
1228:
1224:
1223:foramen ovale
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1212:septum primum
1208:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1198:foramen ovale
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1168:
1159:
1154:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1106:
1105:3D ultrasound
1100:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1060:foramen ovale
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:blood vessels
1003:
996:
991:
984:
981:
973:
971:
969:
965:
964:Preterm birth
961:
959:
955:
950:
946:
941:
883:
878:
862:
854:
850:
845:
839:
831:
823:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
771:
767:
766:
762:
758:
757:
753:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:
716:
714:
710:
709:
704:
700:
694:
690:
682:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
642:
640:
638:
634:
626:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
609:crown to rump
588:
583:
576:
573:
565:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:
511:
508:) comes from
507:
506:
501:
500:
495:
494:
485:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
468:fertilization
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
413:
386:
382:
370:
365:
363:
358:
356:
351:
350:
348:
347:
342:
332:
331:
330:
329:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
284:
283:
279:
274:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
229:
228:
225:
221:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
175:Fertilization
173:
172:
171:
170:
165:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
134:
131:
129:
128:Preadolescent
126:
124:
121:
118:
115:
113:
110:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
88:
87:
86:
81:
77:
73:
72:
69:
63:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
45:
40:
39:Foetus (band)
33:
19:
3671:Hypertension
3658:Immunization
3641:in pregnancy
3589:
3557:Amniotic sac
3510:Silent birth
3453:Presentation
3416:Bishop score
3386:Obstetrician
3276:Interstitial
3203:home testing
3007:Middle adult
2942:Early years
2863:
2842:Before birth
2784:
2759:
2709:
2689:
2656:
2652:
2635:
2619:
2611:
2595:
2587:
2571:
2560:. Retrieved
2556:the original
2551:
2547:
2537:
2528:
2525:the original
2520:
2511:
2503:the original
2498:
2489:
2479:
2459:
2451:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2362:
2346:
2325:
2317:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2271:
2261:
2251:
2216:
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2188:
2178:
2147:
2128:
2112:
2095:
2090:
2073:
2057:
2052:the original
2041:
2028:
2017:. Retrieved
2003:
1992:. Retrieved
1978:
1961:
1956:
1948:
1939:
1919:
1902:
1898:
1881:
1876:
1863:
1854:
1830:
1826:
1815:. Retrieved
1801:
1784:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1754:
1721:
1661:Fetal rights
1641:
1637:
1618:jumping mice
1611:
1592:
1581:
1558:
1529:
1516:
1512:adding to it
1507:
1469:
1434:
1412:
1397:
1382:
1376:
1371:
1364:miscarriages
1349:
1337:spina bifida
1326:
1323:Birth defect
1300:
1281:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1252:, while the
1247:
1241:
1239:
1235:fossa ovalis
1234:
1230:
1222:
1216:
1215:against the
1210:
1196:
1189:right atrium
1178:
1083:
1077:
1058:
1036:
1030:
999:
985:Before birth
962:
957:
953:
942:
879:
859:
853:by gestation
810:hypocalcemia
806:polycythemia
775:
712:
706:
702:
696:
689:Birth weight
646:
630:
592:
559:
551:
547:
541:
540:spelling is
538:Commonwealth
535:
530:
526:
518:
512:
503:
497:
491:
489:
465:
433:
429:
425:
421:
384:
380:
378:
323:Evolutionary
298:Psychosocial
149:Middle adult
105:
66:Human growth
50:
43:
3967:Apgar score
3751:Hepatitis C
3737:Infections
3577:Development
3562:Endometrium
3520:Water birth
3438:Bloody show
3369:Men's roles
3299:Preparation
3251:Heterotopic
3012:Elder adult
3002:Young adult
2985:Adolescence
2849:Development
2760:In the Womb
2530:obstetrics.
2011:. Parents.
1573:onychophora
1419:lithopedion
1345:prematurity
1341:neural tube
1203:left atrium
1051:portal vein
802:hypothermia
784:(AGA), and
735:(including
633:nulliparous
258:Young adult
144:Young adult
4023:Embryology
4012:Categories
3972:Child care
3865:Postpartum
3824:Procedures
3776:Dermatoses
3632:Nutrition
3490:Home birth
3412:Pelvimetry
3291:Childbirth
3271:Unintended
3127:Conception
3086:childbirth
2922:Senescence
2562:2007-03-10
2129:NeoReviews
2019:2022-11-01
1994:2022-11-01
1817:2015-09-24
1705:References
1577:arthropods
1565:viviparous
1485:anesthesia
1437:fetal pain
1425:Fetal pain
1339:and other
1333:folic acid
943:When such
847:Stages in
818:neurologic
665:phosphorus
556:Late Latin
502:or rarely
293:Ecological
288:Attachment
248:Adolescent
185:Childbirth
133:Adolescent
4028:Fertility
3480:Caesarean
3246:Abdominal
3082:Pregnancy
2997:Adulthood
2961:Childhood
1666:Fetoscopy
1622:elephants
1603:predators
1599:precocial
1595:Altricial
1575:and many
1519:June 2022
1472:suffering
1465:pregnancy
1372:premature
1301:Maternal
1201:into the
1193:ventricle
1187:from the
1181:Pulmonary
1137:Fetus at
949:mortality
945:premature
824:Viability
761:umbilical
708:placental
490:The word
486:Etymology
441:offspring
438:mammalian
428:, rarely
313:Cognitive
205:Menopause
180:Pregnancy
154:Old adult
3873:Maternal
3851:Abortion
3796:Bleeding
3746:COVID-19
3711:Diabetes
3696:Cannabis
3646:prenatal
3567:Placenta
3538:Prenatal
3468:shoulder
3463:cephalic
3431:position
3405:Delivery
3266:Postterm
3231:Cervical
3094:Planning
2718:Archived
2698:Archived
2681:46928727
2673:29865325
2628:Archived
2604:Archived
2580:Archived
2466:NBC News
2444:Archived
2434:16118385
2399:17963274
2355:Archived
2266:Page 202
2232:Archived
2193:Archived
2167:Archived
2121:Archived
2100:Archived
2078:Archived
2013:Archived
1988:Archived
1966:Archived
1928:Archived
1907:Archived
1886:Archived
1868:Archived
1811:Archived
1789:Archived
1759:, 2013,
1646:See also
1633:porpoise
1607:Primates
1292:microbes
1284:placenta
1024:and the
1022:placenta
798:asphyxia
703:maternal
653:thalamus
587:placenta
496:(plural
426:foetuses
268:Maturity
58:a series
56:Part of
3782:Others
3756:Malaria
3701:Opioids
3691:Alcohol
3686:Smoking
3545:Anatomy
3374:Midwife
3342:Newborn
3261:Ovarian
3241:Ectopic
3236:Cryptic
3181:Testing
2951:Toddler
2905:Puberty
2796:Infancy
2199:6 March
2189:who.int
1764:'fetus'
1457:⁄
1146:⁄
1121:months
1116:⁄
1008:of the
935:⁄
921:⁄
907:⁄
893:⁄
872:⁄
780:(SGA),
770:hormone
749:uterine
741:alcohol
737:tobacco
677:puberty
661:calcium
617:muscles
602:⁄
560:amoenus
499:fetuses
480:newborn
422:fetuses
200:Puberty
190:Walking
117:Toddler
3955:Infant
3880:Lochia
3666:Anemia
3585:Embryo
3458:breech
3337:Mother
3316:Lamaze
2946:Infant
2936:Phases
2917:Ageing
2895:Stages
2859:Embryo
2854:Zygote
2790:Fetus
2779:Embryo
2693:ZFIN,
2679:
2671:
2432:
2397:
2334:
2278:
2224:
1736:
1588:tissue
1406:, and
1378:X-rays
1151:months
1018:oxygen
745:heroin
721:weight
669:lanugo
663:, and
619:, the
543:foetus
457:organs
445:embryo
385:foetus
210:Ageing
112:Infant
101:Embryo
96:Zygote
91:Gamete
83:Stages
46:(film)
44:Foetus
3926:Doula
3919:Roles
3811:Sleep
3786:Drugs
3766:Lupus
3590:Fetus
3359:Doula
3330:Roles
3256:Molar
3224:Types
3035:Minor
3019:Dying
2975:Youth
2966:Child
2927:Death
2900:Early
2885:Birth
2864:Fetus
2677:S2CID
1069:aorta
1055:heart
1047:liver
1002:heart
794:death
754:flow.
752:blood
713:fetal
711:, or
621:brain
548:fetus
519:fetūs
514:fētus
510:Latin
493:fetus
478:of a
476:birth
434:foeti
381:fetus
308:Moral
263:Adult
253:Youth
215:Death
159:Dying
123:Child
106:Fetus
18:Fetal
3620:Care
3084:and
2669:PMID
2430:PMID
2395:PMID
2332:ISBN
2276:ISBN
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