847:" (citation required). Biopsy continues to present inconveniences: 30% of patients complain of pain, up to 3% have been noted to have complications severe enough to require hospitalization and a 0.01-0.3% rate of deaths has been reported. There is a mean discordance of 25% between FibroTest and biopsy. Half of these discordances are attributable to an error of the biopsy, often too small, and the other half to FibroTest. The inventors report that FibroTest has comparable diagnostic and prognostic value as a 25 mm biopsy, while being noninvasive and easily repeatable.
1680:
1014:
50:
damage in people with a variety of liver diseases. FibroTest has the same prognostic value as a liver biopsy. FibroSure uses quantitative results of five serum biochemical markers, α2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, apolipoprotein A1, bilirubin, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), with a patient’s age
605:
Due to variability of components assays and analyzers, FibroTest assays can only be performed in validated laboratories. FibroTest cannot be used without algorithms that detects false positives and false negatives; the equation alone is not a diagnosis tool.
1146:
Imbert-Bismut F, Messous D, Thibault V, Myers RB, Piton A, Thabut D, et al. (2004). "Intra-laboratory analytical variability of biochemical markers of fibrosis (Fibrotest) and activity (Actitest) and references ranges in healthy blood donors".
372:
609:
The laboratory or physician connects to the BioPredictive website for calculation of the test results and prints the results sheet, which is available immediately and is accompanied by an interpretation aid and precautions for use.
81:
By 2008 it had been used in over 350,000 patients. In 2006, the French
National Authority for Health recommended the use of FibroTest as one of a number of first-line assessment tool for fibrosis with untreated chronic hepatitis C.
1109:
627:, chronic hepatitis C or B with HIV co-infection, alcoholic liver diseases (steatosis and steatohepatitis), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (diabetes, overweight, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension).
618:
Over 95% of tests are interpretable and allow a diagnosis of fibrosis and liver activity. In less than 5% of cases, likely false positives or false negatives are highlighted. FibroTest has been validated for chronic
540:
1245:
Cacoub P, Carrat F, Bédossa P, Lambert J, Pénaranda G, Perronne C, Pol S, Halfon P (2008). "Comparison of non-invasive liver fibrosis biomarkers in HIV/HCV co-infected patients: The
Fibrovic study - ANRS HC02".
630:
FibroTest is independent of ethnic origin, sex, genotype, viral load, transaminases or the presence of comorbidities. The test has been validated in those over the age of 65 years, children, people with
1281:
Thabut, Le Calvez S, Thibault V, Massard J, Munteanu M, Di
Martino V, Ratziu V, Poynard T (2006). "Hepatitis C in 6,865 patients 65 yr or older: a severe and neglected curable disease".
1496:"Indications, methods, and outcomes of percutaneous liver biopsy in England and Wales: an audit by the British Society of Gastroenterology and the Royal College of Physicians of London"
1027:
Shaheen AA, Wan AF, Myers RP (November 2007). "FibroTest and FibroScan for the prediction of hepatitis C-related fibrosis: a systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy".
601:
126:
646:
The tests are not applicable in 1 to 5% of cases. These cases can be detected by laboratory safety algorithms and when detected they are indicated on the results sheet:
843:
is an imperfect tool; due to sampling errors, biopsy size (5 to 30 mm) and intra- and interobservor variability, it is now agreed that biopsy is an "imperfect
969:
Ratziu, Massard J, Charlotte F, Messous D, Imbert-Bismut F, Bonyhay L, Tahiri M, Munteanu M, Thabut D, Cadranel J, Le Bail B, De
Ledinghen V, Poynard T (2006).
971:"Diagnostic value of biochemical markers (FibroTest-FibroSURE) for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease"
90:
The FibroTest score is calculated from the results of a six-parameter blood test, combining six serum markers with the age and gender of the patient:
687:
1204:
Ngo Y, Munteanu M, Messous D, Charlotte F, Imbert-Bismut F, Thabut D, Lebray P, Thibault V, Benhamou Y, Moussalli J, Ratziu V, Poynard T (2006).
1629:"An accurate definition of the status of inactive hepatitis B virus carrier by a combination of biomarkers (FibroTest-ActiTest) and viral load"
1543:
Froehlich F, Lamy O, Fried M, Gonvers JJ (1993). "Practice and complications of liver biopsy. Results of a nationwide survey in
Switzerland".
698:
The conversion of FibroTest score into stages according to the three most used histological classifications (METAVIR, Knodell and Ishak) for
379:
1121:
866:"Systematic review with meta-analysis: direct comparisons of biomarkers for the diagnosis of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C and B."
71:
103:
1324:
Hermeziu B, et al. (2009). "Evaluation of FibroTest-ActiTest in children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection".
1588:"Prospective analysis of discordant results between biochemical markers and biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C"
1586:
Poynard, Munteanu M, Imbert-Bismut F, Charlotte F, Thabut D, Le Calvez S, Messous D, Thibault V, Benhamou Y (2004).
1627:
Ngo, Benhamou Y, Thibault V, Ingiliz P, Munteanu M, Lebray P, Thabut D, Morra R, Messous D (2008). Ahmed N (ed.).
919:"Diagnostic and prognostic values of non-invasive biomarkers of fibrosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease"
1367:
Janes CH, Lindor KD (1993). "Outcome of patients hospitalized for complications after outpatient liver biopsy".
1206:"A prospective analysis of the prognostic value of biomarkers (FibroTest) in patients with chronic hepatitis C"
67:
1679:
1013:
636:
632:
1075:
Halfon P, Munteanu M, Poynard T (2008). "FibroTest-ActiTest as a non-invasive marker of liver fibrosis".
91:
1699:
1640:
111:
550:
367:{\displaystyle z=4.467\times \log _{10}-1.357\times \log _{10}+1.017\times \log _{10}+0.0281\times }
1704:
118:
1568:
1476:
1392:
1349:
1306:
1172:
1052:
948:
1668:
1609:
1560:
1525:
1468:
1433:
1384:
1341:
1298:
1263:
1227:
1164:
1092:
1044:
1002:
940:
894:
658:
99:
1658:
1648:
1599:
1552:
1515:
1507:
1460:
1423:
1380:
1376:
1333:
1290:
1255:
1217:
1156:
1084:
1036:
992:
982:
930:
884:
876:
1125:
651:
51:
and gender to generate a measure of fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in the liver.
1644:
1663:
1628:
1520:
1495:
997:
970:
889:
865:
1088:
1693:
1480:
1294:
1040:
844:
114:(ALT). ALT is used in a second assessment called ActiTest that is part of FibroTest.
1572:
1396:
1353:
1176:
1451:
Strassburg CP, Manns MP (2006). "Approaches to liver biopsy techniques-revisited".
1310:
1056:
952:
840:
699:
55:
1494:
Gilmore IT, Burroughs A, Murray-Lyon IM, Williams R, Jenkins D, Hopkins A (1995).
1653:
1604:
1587:
1222:
1205:
624:
620:
95:
63:
59:
43:
1259:
1337:
640:
691:
668:
662:
107:
75:
58:(the current reference standard in liver disease assessment) in people with
39:
1672:
1613:
1472:
1345:
1302:
1267:
1231:
1168:
1096:
1048:
1006:
944:
898:
545:
where B=1 for male and B=0 for female. The score (between 0 and 1) is then
1564:
1529:
1464:
1437:
1428:
1411:
1388:
1160:
987:
643:, patients with chronic inflammatory disease, and the general population.
1511:
117:
The equation for calculating the FibroTest score regression coefficient (
1556:
535:{\displaystyle +1.737\times \log _{10}-1.184\times +0.301\times B-5.54}
935:
918:
880:
686:
690:
The FibroTest score (in this case 0.88) may indicate the presence of
685:
47:
864:
Houot M, Ngo Y, Munteanu M, Marque S, Poynard T (January 2016).
46:
tests to generate a score that is correlated with the degree of
1189:
1410:
Pasha T, Gabriel S, Therneau T, Dickson ER, Lindor KD (1998).
677:
Acute inflammatory syndrome (the blood test may be postponed)
674:
Gilbert's syndrome with high unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
1412:"Cost-effectiveness of ultrasound-guided liver biopsy"
553:
382:
129:
78:and less useful for other stages of liver disease.
25:
20:
595:
534:
366:
1199:
1197:
1070:
1068:
1066:
964:
962:
912:
910:
908:
1110:Publication of 'Haute Autorité de Santé' (fr)
8:
54:FibroTest has been evaluated in relation to
869:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
1662:
1652:
1603:
1519:
1427:
1221:
996:
986:
934:
888:
581:
563:
552:
500:
432:
396:
381:
326:
296:
269:
212:
185:
146:
128:
1029:The American Journal of Gastroenterology
704:
1381:10.7326/0003-4819-118-2-199301150-00003
856:
17:
654:A, B, C, D, E; drug-induced hepatitis
38:, known as FibroSure in the US, is a
7:
42:test that uses the results of six
14:
72:non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
1678:
1295:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00556.x
1041:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01466.x
1012:
657:Extrahepatic cholestasis, e.g.,
650:Acute hepatitides, e.g., acute
596:{\displaystyle F=1/(1+e^{-z})}
590:
568:
511:
508:
494:
455:
443:
440:
417:
405:
361:
349:
337:
334:
317:
305:
280:
277:
263:
221:
196:
193:
179:
155:
1:
1089:10.1016/S0399-8320(08)73991-5
104:Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
29:assess degree of liver damage
1654:10.1371/journal.pone.0002573
1605:10.1373/clinchem.2004.032227
1223:10.1373/clinchem.2006.070961
836:Comparison with liver biopsy
74:. They are most useful for
1721:
1260:10.1016/j.jhep.2008.01.025
923:Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
1338:10.1016/j.gcb.2009.06.007
671:, e.g., some heart valves
1326:Gastroenterol Clin Biol
1122:"U.S. patent 6,631,330"
1077:Gastroenterol Clin Biol
68:alcoholic liver disease
695:
637:kidney transplantation
633:chronic kidney disease
597:
536:
368:
1465:10.1055/s-2006-951599
1429:10.1002/hep.510270506
1161:10.1515/CCLM.2004.058
988:10.1186/1471-230X-6-6
689:
598:
537:
369:
92:Alpha-2-macroglobulin
1512:10.1136/gut.36.3.437
975:BMC Gastroenterology
551:
380:
127:
112:Alanine transaminase
1645:2008PLoSO...3.2573N
119:logistic regression
1557:10.1007/bf01308607
1283:Am J Gastroenterol
696:
593:
532:
364:
1190:FibroTest website
1149:Clin Chem Lab Med
936:10.1002/hep.22576
917:Naveau S (2009).
881:10.1111/apt.13446
833:
832:
659:pancreatic cancer
100:Apolipoprotein A1
33:
32:
1712:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1225:
1201:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1124:. Archived from
1118:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1072:
1061:
1060:
1035:(11): 2589–600.
1024:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1000:
990:
966:
957:
956:
938:
914:
903:
902:
892:
861:
705:
602:
600:
599:
594:
589:
588:
567:
541:
539:
538:
533:
504:
436:
401:
400:
373:
371:
370:
365:
330:
301:
300:
273:
217:
216:
189:
151:
150:
18:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1677:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1453:Semin Liver Dis
1450:
1449:
1445:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1216:(10): 1887–96.
1203:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1184:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1131:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1104:
1074:
1073:
1064:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1011:
968:
967:
960:
916:
915:
906:
863:
862:
858:
853:
838:
684:
652:viral hepatitis
616:
577:
549:
548:
392:
378:
377:
292:
208:
142:
125:
124:
88:
12:
11:
5:
1718:
1716:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1619:
1598:(8): 1344–55.
1578:
1535:
1486:
1443:
1402:
1369:Ann Intern Med
1359:
1316:
1273:
1237:
1193:
1182:
1155:(3): 323–333.
1138:
1113:
1102:
1062:
1019:
958:
904:
855:
854:
852:
849:
837:
834:
831:
830:
827:
824:
821:
817:
816:
813:
810:
807:
803:
802:
799:
796:
793:
789:
788:
785:
782:
779:
775:
774:
771:
768:
765:
761:
760:
757:
754:
751:
747:
746:
743:
740:
737:
733:
732:
729:
726:
723:
719:
718:
715:
712:
709:
700:liver biopsies
683:
682:Interpretation
680:
679:
678:
675:
672:
665:
655:
615:
612:
592:
587:
584:
580:
576:
573:
570:
566:
562:
559:
556:
543:
542:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
503:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
435:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
399:
395:
391:
388:
385:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
329:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
299:
295:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
272:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
215:
211:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
188:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
149:
145:
141:
138:
135:
132:
87:
84:
31:
30:
27:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1717:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1681:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1551:(8): 1480–4.
1550:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1506:(3): 437–41.
1505:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:(4): 318–27.
1458:
1454:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1422:(5): 1220–6.
1421:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1289:(6): 1260–7.
1288:
1284:
1277:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1254:(5): 765–73.
1253:
1249:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1139:
1128:on 2012-10-11
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
980:
976:
972:
965:
963:
959:
954:
950:
946:
942:
937:
932:
929:(1): 97–105.
928:
924:
920:
913:
911:
909:
905:
900:
896:
891:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
867:
860:
857:
850:
848:
846:
845:Gold Standard
842:
835:
828:
825:
822:
819:
818:
814:
811:
808:
805:
804:
800:
797:
794:
791:
790:
786:
783:
780:
777:
776:
772:
769:
766:
763:
762:
758:
755:
752:
749:
748:
744:
741:
738:
735:
734:
730:
727:
724:
721:
720:
716:
713:
710:
707:
706:
703:
701:
693:
688:
681:
676:
673:
670:
666:
664:
660:
656:
653:
649:
648:
647:
644:
642:
638:
634:
628:
626:
622:
614:Applicability
613:
611:
607:
603:
585:
582:
578:
574:
571:
564:
560:
557:
554:
546:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
505:
501:
497:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
452:
449:
446:
437:
433:
429:
426:
423:
420:
414:
411:
408:
402:
397:
393:
389:
386:
383:
376:
375:
374:
358:
355:
352:
346:
343:
340:
331:
327:
323:
320:
314:
311:
308:
302:
297:
293:
289:
286:
283:
274:
270:
266:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
218:
213:
209:
205:
202:
199:
190:
186:
182:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
152:
147:
143:
139:
136:
133:
130:
122:
120:
115:
113:
109:
106:(GGT), Total
105:
101:
97:
93:
85:
83:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
37:
28:
24:
19:
16:
1639:(7): e2573.
1636:
1632:
1622:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1332:(1): 16–22.
1329:
1325:
1319:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1213:
1209:
1185:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1130:. Retrieved
1126:the original
1116:
1105:
1083:(6): 22–39.
1080:
1076:
1032:
1028:
1022:
978:
974:
926:
922:
875:(1): 16–29.
872:
868:
859:
841:Liver biopsy
839:
697:
645:
641:hemophiliacs
629:
617:
608:
604:
547:
544:
123:
116:
89:
80:
56:liver biopsy
53:
35:
34:
15:
1700:Blood tests
1545:Dig Dis Sci
1375:(2): 96–8.
625:hepatitis B
621:hepatitis C
96:Haptoglobin
64:hepatitis B
60:hepatitis C
44:blood serum
1705:Hepatology
1694:Categories
1416:Hepatology
1248:J. Hepatol
1132:2011-01-23
851:References
820:0.00-0.21
806:0.22-0.27
792:0.28-0.31
778:0.32-0.48
764:0.49-0.58
750:0.59-0.72
736:0.73-0.74
722:0.75-1.00
708:FibroTest
663:gallstones
623:, chronic
1592:Clin Chem
1481:260320814
1210:Clin Chem
692:cirrhosis
669:hemolysis
583:−
527:−
521:×
453:×
447:−
421:μ
403:
390:×
347:×
303:
290:×
219:
206:×
200:−
153:
140:×
108:bilirubin
86:Procedure
76:cirrhosis
40:biomarker
36:FibroTest
21:FibroTest
1673:18596917
1633:PLOS ONE
1614:15192028
1573:21781162
1473:17051446
1397:37740050
1354:42805970
1346:19726147
1303:16771947
1268:18314219
1232:16931569
1177:21074850
1169:15080567
1097:18973844
1049:17850410
1007:16503961
945:19053048
899:26516104
714:Knodell
711:METAVIR
1664:2440801
1641:Bibcode
1565:8344104
1530:7698705
1521:1382461
1438:9581674
1389:8416324
1311:2451830
1057:8104445
998:1386692
953:5782597
890:4737301
667:Severe
26:Purpose
1671:
1661:
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1563:
1528:
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1471:
1436:
1395:
1387:
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1055:
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887:
812:F0-F1
809:F0-F1
787:F2-F3
784:F1-F3
781:F1-F2
770:F1-F3
742:F3-F4
739:F3-F4
717:Ishak
344:0.0281
121:) is:
110:, and
70:, and
1569:S2CID
1477:S2CID
1393:S2CID
1350:S2CID
1307:S2CID
1173:S2CID
1053:S2CID
981:: 6.
949:S2CID
518:0.301
450:1.184
387:1.737
287:1.017
203:1.357
137:4.467
48:liver
1669:PMID
1610:PMID
1561:PMID
1526:PMID
1469:PMID
1434:PMID
1385:PMID
1342:PMID
1299:PMID
1264:PMID
1228:PMID
1165:PMID
1093:PMID
1045:PMID
1003:PMID
941:PMID
895:PMID
702:is:
530:5.54
1659:PMC
1649:doi
1600:doi
1553:doi
1516:PMC
1508:doi
1500:Gut
1461:doi
1424:doi
1377:doi
1373:118
1334:doi
1291:doi
1287:101
1256:doi
1218:doi
1157:doi
1085:doi
1037:doi
1033:102
993:PMC
983:doi
931:doi
885:PMC
877:doi
829:F0
826:F0
823:F0
815:F1
801:F2
798:F1
795:F1
773:F3
767:F2
759:F4
756:F3
753:F3
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635:or
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