626:
demonstrates a defensive technique against some basic attack (usually how to use one of the listed guards to defend), and then by his various
Scholars (or Students), figures wearing golden garters on their legs who demonstrate iterations and variations of this remedy. After the scholars there is typically a master called "Contrario" (counter), wearing both crown and garter, who demonstrates how to counter the master's remedy (and those of his scholars), who is likewise sometimes followed by his own scholars in garters. In rare cases, a fourth type of master appears called "Contra-Contrario" (counter-counter), who likewise wears the crown and garter and demonstrates how to defeat the master's counter. Some sections feature multiple master remedies or master counters, while some have only one. There are also many cases in which an image in one manuscript will only feature a scholar's garter where the corresponding image in another also includes a master's crown. Depending on the instance, this may either be intentional or merely an error in the art.
798:. Novati described it as a small, thin, vellum folio, pen and ink with gold highlights, and illustrations of sword and lance combat on foot and horseback. Unlike the other surviving manuscripts, the swords and other weapons were enameled in silver, though it has since tarnished to a glossy black. This is the briefest copy of Fiore's work currently known, with only 19 folios; it has a prologue in Italian and four illustrated figures per page in the main body. The figures are accompanied by text that is often identical to that of the Ms. Ludwig XV 13 (excepting differences in spelling), but at times includes additional explanation. The Ms. M.383 is almost certainly longer when it was first written; its text makes reference to sections on poleaxe, dagger, and grappling which are not present in the book's current state. It also refers to a certain play of the sword in one hand which is likewise missing from that section. This manuscript is typically referred to as the 'Pierpont Morgan version' or simply the 'Morgan'.
1121:. Its prologue, format, illustrations, and text are all very similar to the Ms. M.383, though it's largely free of silver enamel. The text takes the form of descriptive paragraphs set in poor Italian verse, which are nevertheless fairly clear and informative. Despite its shared characteristics with the Ms. M.383, there are important differences, not the least of which is the vastly different order of the information. This is the longest and most comprehensive of the four manuscripts of
385:
appointed in 1389 and a peace settlement was reached, but it's unclear if Fiore remained involved for the duration. Given that he appears in council records five times in 1384, it would be quite odd for him to be completely unmentioned over the subsequent five years, and since his absence after May 1384 coincides with a proclamation in July of that year demanding that Udine cease hostilities or face harsh repercussions, it seems more likely that he moved on.
1669:
1348:
977:
461:, as the latter is known to have died in 1399. After Castelbarco's duels, Fiore's activities are unclear. Based on the allegiances of the nobles that he trained in the 1390s, he seems to have been associated with the ducal court of Milan in the latter part of his career. Some time in the first years of the 15th century, Fiore composed a fencing treatise in Italian and Latin called "The Flower of Battle" (rendered variously as
500:; presumably he would have made this change when Milan fell into disarray in 1402, though Zanutto went so far as to speculate that he trained Niccolò for his 1399 passage at arms. However, while two surviving copies of "the Flower of Battle" are dedicated to the marquis, it seems more likely that the manuscripts were written as a diplomatic gift to Ferrara from Milan when they made peace in 1404.
656:
454:. They ultimately rode two additional passes and on the fifth, Baggio impaled Sirano's horse through the chest, slaying the horse but losing his lance in the process. They fought the other nine bouts as scheduled, and due to the strength of their armor (and the fact that all of the weapons were blunted), both combatants reportedly emerged from these exchanges unharmed.
2027:"So that I, Fiore, knowing how to read and write and draw and having books about this art which I have studied for a good 40 years and more, even now I am not a perfected master in this art." (the same statement incidentally illustrates that Fiore owned a collection of "books in this art" made in the 14th century which have not come down to us)
35:
2249:
quorum omnium deo dante plenariam notitiam sum adeptus expertorum magistrorum exemplis multifariis et doctrina ytalicorum ac alamanorum et maxime a magistro johane dicto suueno, qui fuit scholaris magistri
Nicholai de toblem mexinensis diocesis, ac etiam a pluribus principibus ducibus marchionibus et
1475:
and only resurfaced in a private collection in Italy in 2005. Novati described this manuscript as an unbound collection of leaves, covered with a cardboard folder with a marbled paper cover. The Pisani Dossi Ms. is the only manuscript in the series that includes a date, claiming to be completed on 10
473:). The briefest version of the text is dated to 1409 and indicates that it was a labor of six months and great personal effort; as evidence suggests that two longer versions were composed some time before this, we may assume that he devoted a considerable amount of time to writing during this decade.
540:
copies of this treatise survive, and there are records of at least two others whose current locations are unknown. The Ms. Ludwig XV 13 and the Pisani Dossi Ms. are both dedicated to Niccolò III d'Este and state that they were written at his request and according to his design. The Ms. M.383, on the
503:
C. A. Blengini di
Torricella stated that late in life he made his way to Paris, France, where he could be placed teaching fencing in 1418 and creating a copy of a fencing manual located there in 1420. Though he attributes these facts to Novati, no publication verifying them has yet been located. The
1492:
that are clearly in the public domain. However, it is unclear how accurate this facsimile is as evidence suggests that Novati may have hired an artist to create a tracing of the original manuscript rather than reproducing it directly. This would have provided ample opportunity for errors to creep
1801:
by Ken
Mondschein in 2008. Any preface it once possessed is missing from the current form of the manuscript; it consists of 44 folios with two pairings per page, and is the only copy of Fiore's treatise whose illustrations are fully painted. Unlike Fiore's other works, this manuscript is written
384:
pieces defending Udine (including large crossbows and catapults). There are also records of him working variously as a magistrate, peace officer, and agent of the grand council during the course of 1384, but after that the historical record is silent. The war continued until a new
Patriarch was
625:
The format of instruction is largely consistent across all copies of the treatise. Each section begins with a group of
Masters (or Teachers), figures in golden crowns who each demonstrate a particular guard for use with their weapon. These are followed by a master called "Remedio" (remedy) who
2022:
This estimated birth date is derived from Fiore's statement that in 1404 he had been studying the art of arms for "a good 40 years and more", assuming that he would have begun being instructed in martial arts at about the age of ten as was general practice among the nobility at the time; see
1132:
Written between 1400 and 1409. The Pisani Dossi Ms. dates to 1409 and states that the master had fifty years of experience in the martial arts; the Ms. M.383 and the Ms. Ludwig XV 13 both state that he had been training for "forty years and more", which makes them slightly
805:
Written between 1400 and 1409. The Pisani Dossi Ms. dates to 1409 and states that the master had fifty years of experience in the martial arts; the Ms. M.383 and the Ms. Ludwig XV 13 both state that he had been training for "forty years and more", which makes them slightly
1802:
entirely in Latin; its descriptions are cast in couplets and quatrains similar to the Pisani Dossi Ms. This manuscript is generally referred to as either the
Florius or the Paris. Mondschein speculates that this was a presentation copy made for Lionello d'Este.
34:
2005:
The contents and current whereabouts of these copies of the Flower of Battle are unknown. It is possible that these listings refer to manuscripts listed above, though none currently possess the correct number of folios or match the physical descriptions.
2553:"In 1904, a historical work by Francesco Novati, Director of the Academy in Milano and Gaffuri, Director of the graphical institute in Bergamo was published… These two prominent scholars uncovered documents, found in different archives, …
1480:
and one in
Italian. The body of the text consists of four to six illustrations per page, each with only a brief couplet or quatrain to explain it. This manuscript is typically referred to as either the 'Novati' or 'Pisani Dossi version'.
507:
Despite the depth and complexity of his writings, Fiore dei Liberi does not seem to have been a very influential master in the development of
Italian fencing. That field was instead dominated by the tradition of his near-contemporary the
2671:
541:
other hand, lacks a dedication and claims to have been laid out according to his own intelligence while the Mss. Latin 11269 lost any dedication it might have had along with its prologue. Each of the extant copies of
399:(who used the war name "Boucicaut"). Galeazzo made the challenge when Boucicaut called into question the valor of Italians at the royal court of France, and the duel was ultimately set for Padua on 15 August. Both
2534:
Fiore states in the preface to the Pisani Dossi Ms. that he had studied combat for fifty years, whereas the comparable statement in the Ms. M.383 and Ms. Ludwig XV 13 mention the slightly shorter "forty years and
2002:(or Ms. 110) is also mentioned in the 1436 and 1508 catalogs of the Biblioteca Estense, but not in later inventories. It consisted of 15 small-format folios on unbound parchment, and was written in two columns.
2557:
were printed by Fiore dei Liberi in 1420… And how could then dei Liberi have taught fencing lessons in Paris in 1418?" (translated from
Norwegian by Roger Norling). See Blengini, di Torricella C. A.
297:
He also writes of meeting many "false" or unworthy masters who lacked even the limited skill he'd expect in a good student, and mentions that on five separate occasions he was forced to fight
290:
Fiore wrote that he had a natural inclination to the martial arts and began training at a young age, ultimately studying with "countless" masters from both the Italian and German parts of the
528:. This may be due to the direct influence of Fiore or his writings, or it may instead indicate that the older tradition of Johane and Nicholai survived and spread outside of his direct line.
2559:
Haandbog i Fægtning med Floret, Kaarde, Sabel, Forsvar med Sabel mod Bajonet og Sabelhugning tilhest: Med forklarende Tegninger og en Oversigt over Fægtekunstens Historie og Udvikling.
2025:
Che io fiore sapiando legere e scrivere e disignare e abiando libri in questa arte e in lei ò studiado ben XL anni e più, anchora non son ben perfecto magistro in questa arte.
2155:
He is never given such a surname in any contemporary records of his life, and the term only appears when introducing his family in his own treatises. See Malipiero, p 80.
415:
on horseback, but Boucicaut became impatient and dismounted, attacking his opponent before he could mount his own horse. Cattaneo landed a solid blow on the Frenchman's
3129:
2252:"all of which knowledge, God granting, I acquired from the numerous lessons and teachings of Italian and German expert teachers, and mostly from master John, called
610:
and staff plays; and mounted combat (including the spear, the sword, and grappling). Brief bridging sections serve to connect each of these, covering such topics as
1998:, but disappeared some time in the 16th century. It consisted of 58 folios bound in leather with a clasp, with a white eagle and two helmets on the first page. The
2361:
2338:
1500:
Completed by Fiore de'i Liberi on 10 February 1409. Though it was dedicated to Niccolò III d'Este, there is no evidence that it ever passed into his library.
2432:
1824:
301:
for his honor against certain of these masters whom he described as envious because he refused to teach them his art; the duels were all fought with sharp
2359:"LANCILLOTTO BECCARIA (Lanciarotto Beccaria) Di Pavia. Ghibellino. Signore di Serravalle Scrivia, Casei Gerola, Bassignana, Novi Ligure, Voghera, Broni."
618:
against unarmed and dagger-wielding opponents; plays of longsword vs. dagger; plays of staff and dagger and of two clubs and a dagger; and the use of the
2421:
2303:
388:
After the war, Fiore seems to have traveled a good deal in northern Italy, teaching fencing and training men for duels. In 1395, Fiore can be placed in
2990:
194:(Fiore dei Liberi, Fiore Furlano, Fiore de Cividale d'Austria; born ca. 1350; died after 1409) was a late 14th century knight, diplomat, and itinerant
3160:
3155:
39:
This master with a forked beard appears sporadically throughout both the Getty and Pisani Dossi mss., and may be a representation of Fiore himself.
1503:
before 1663 – belonged to Schier de' Prevosti da Valbregaglia, passed into the library of the Sacchi da Bucinigo family (purchased before 1902,
3170:
3082:
442:, as well as the duchess and other nobles. The duel was to consist of three bouts of mounted lance followed by three bouts each of dismounted
3185:
3175:
2970:
2931:
2916:
2898:
2879:
2856:
2841:
2816:
2801:
2783:
2747:
2732:
2718:
2600:
2050:
1798:
1660:
3180:
2624:
2336:"GALEAZZO DA MANTOVA (Galeazzo Cattaneo dei Grumelli, Galeazzo Gonzaga) Di Mantova. Secondo alcune fonti, di Grumello nel pavese."
2409:
This is the only point when both men are known to have been in Perugia at the same time; Verde died soon after this in 1385. See
202:
1493:
into the images, and might also account for the significant divergences from the artistic style of the Getty and the Morgan.
787:
647:
3165:
2264:
diocese, and also from several princes, margraves and counts and from other countless and diverse places and provinces" (
457:
Fiore was likely involved in at least one other duel that year, between his final named student Azzone di Castelbarco and
236:
3072:
2829:
a full translation of the Getty manuscript. 1st ed. Lulu.com (2009). 2nd ed. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press (2012).
545:
follows a distinct order, though both of these pairs contain strong similarities to each other in order of presentation.
3150:
400:
516:. Even so, there are a number of later treatises which bear strong resemblance to his work, including the writings of
284:
346:
338:
2578:
2097:
1504:
377:
342:
2358:
2335:
2429:
868:
365:
2410:
2393:
2182:". Journal of Western Martial Art. Electronic Journals of Martial Arts and Sciences, 2008. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
1476:
February 1409 after six months of effort. It consists of 36 folia and possesses two different prologues, one in
3123:
2641:
2046:
2418:
2300:
485:
458:
126:
3004:
513:
828:
380:
as in 1383 there is record of him being tasked by the grand council with inspection and maintenance on the
350:
330:
1836:
537:
435:
373:
280:
120:
361:
3145:
854:
334:
521:
2891:
Il Fior di battaglia di Fiore dei Liberi da Cividale. Il Codice Ludwing XV 13 del J. Paul Getty Museum
481:
2441:
Note biografiche di Capitani di Guerra e di Condottieri di Ventura operanti in Italia nel 1330 – 1550
2370:
Note biografiche di Capitani di Guerra e di Condottieri di Ventura operanti in Italia nel 1330 – 1550
2347:
Note biografiche di Capitani di Guerra e di Condottieri di Ventura operanti in Italia nel 1330 – 1550
2312:
Note biografiche di Capitani di Guerra e di Condottieri di Ventura operanti in Italia nel 1330 – 1550
2122:
1110:
968:
861:
818:
2060:
1817:
1410:
1151:
1093:
525:
404:
232:
206:
50:
3076:
2941:
2055:
1991:
252:
2279:
1137:
1813:
2966:
2927:
2912:
2894:
2875:
2852:
2837:
2812:
2797:
2779:
2743:
2728:
2714:
2620:
2596:
2280:"A Brief Examination of Fiore dei Liberi's Treatises Flos Duellatorum & Fior di Battaglia"
2193:
1701:
1477:
1384:
1173:
291:
99:
91:
2212:
1809:
Written in the early 15th century, probably after the completion of Flos Duellatorum in 1409.
484:
both assume that some time before 1409 he accepted an appointment as court fencing master to
3023:
2179:
1485:
1380:
1166:
1009:
795:
688:
477:
95:
2759:"Un manuale d'armi d'inizio sec. XV: il "Flos duellatorum" di Fiore dei Liberi da Cividale"
279:. It has been suggested by various historians that Fiore and Benedetto were descended from
2953:
2436:
2425:
2365:
2342:
2307:
396:
276:
570:, including both unarmed defenses against the dagger and plays of dagger against dagger;
3117:
2036:
See below for the claim by Blengini di Torricella that he was alive until at least 1420.
1668:
1347:
976:
2871:
195:
77:
2740:
Fiore dei Liberi's Armizare: The Chivalric Martial Arts System of Il Fior di Battaglia
3139:
2065:
1832:
1144:
791:
615:
392:
training the mercenary captain Galeazzo Gonzaga of Mantua for a duel with the French
2571:
2574:
2217:
2198:
1472:
843:
770:
517:
356:
Based on Fiore's autobiographical account, he can tentatively be placed in Perosa (
1159:
836:
3098:
3029:
Flos Duellatorum, Il Fior di Battaglia di Maestro Fiore dei Liberi da Premariacco
1781:
476:
Beyond this, nothing certain is known of Fiore's activities in the 15th century.
3034:
Flos Duellatorum, the Flower of Battle of Master Fiore dei Liberi of Premariacco
2997:
Fiore of Premariacco and the Military and Civilian Games and Festivals in Friuli
1846:
1712–present – held by the Bibliothèque du Roi/Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
1114:
821:, Venetian senator, 18th century). The other contents of this codex are unknown.
325:
244:
243:
region of modern-day Italy, the son of Benedetto and scion of a Liberi house of
655:
3114:
by Matt Easton and Eleonora Durban (inc. transcription). Retrieved 8 May 2013.
1118:
251:, while potentially merely a surname, probably indicates that his family had
3120:
by Rob Lovett and Mark Lancaster (inc. transcription). Retrieved 8 May 2013.
3118:
Partial translation of the Ms. M.383, Ms. Ludwig XV 13, and Pisani Dossi Ms.
3059:
2982:
Fiore de' Liberi Flos Duellatorum – in armis, sine armis equester et pedesta
2419:"PIERO DEL VERDE (Paolo del Verde) Tedesco. Signore di Colle di Val d'Elsa."
2301:"PIERO DEL VERDE (Paolo del Verde) Tedesco. Signore di Colle di Val d'Elsa."
809:
before 1780 – it occupied ff 241–259 of a larger collective binding titled,
591:
560:
554:
381:
302:
81:
430:
in 1399, this time training Giovannino da Baggio for a duel with a German
419:, but was subsequently disarmed. At this point, Boucicaut reached for his
2071:
1763:
1455:
1083:
847:
760:
310:
272:
256:
73:
3088:
3027:
3111:
3101:
courtesy of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
2483:
2273:
2250:
comitibus et ab aliis innumerabilibus et diuerssis locis et prouinciis.
1995:
1828:
599:
509:
489:
443:
420:
393:
372:
and surrounding cities sought to remove the newly appointed Patriarch,
357:
314:
264:
2992:
Fiore di Premariacco ed I Ludi e Le Feste Marziali e Civili in Friuli
1369:
1155:
998:
832:
825:
814:
566:
493:
451:
431:
416:
408:
317:
268:
240:
54:
2924:
Fior di Battaglia: The Martial Treatise of Fiore dei Liberi (c.1409)
2758:
1265:
Longsword against spear/spear and dagger against spear (ff 31r–31v)
1125:. This manuscript is typically referred to as the 'Getty version'.
2430:"PIETRO DELLA CORONA (Pietro Cornuald) Tedesco. Signore di Angri."
1797:
in a 17th-century script, was rediscovered in the holdings of the
1690:
1062:
731:
677:
619:
607:
587:
575:
497:
447:
439:
427:
412:
389:
376:. Fiore seems to have sided with the secular nobility against the
369:
306:
2963:
Flos Duellatorum. Manuale di Arte del Combattimento del XV secolo
2617:
Flos Duellatorum: Manuale di Arte del Combattimento del XV Secolo
2269:
2063:
of swordsmanshipt do not appear prior to the 16th century, e.g.
1179:
1983–present – the Ms. Ludwig XV 13 in the J. Paul Getty Museum.
298:
192:
Fiore Furlano de Cividale d'Austria, delli Liberi da Premariacco
3092:
1990:(or Ms. 84) is mentioned in the 1436 and 1508 catalogs of the
1872:
Plays of spear with dagger and two clubs with dagger (f 8r–8v)
936:
Longsword against spear/spear and dagger against spear (f 18r)
283:
of Premariacco, who was granted immediacy in 1110 by Emperor
2595:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 121.
2213:
Notizie delle vite ed opere scritte da' letterati del Friuli
1812:
Ca. 1635 – rebound by a master papermaker who worked at the
3130:
Transcription and French translation of the Ms. Latin 11269
3085:
courtesy of the J. Paul Getty Museum. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
578:
in one hand (also called "the sword without the buckler");
2486:". London: Schola Gladiatoria, 2009. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
3112:
Partial translation of the Ms. Ludwig XV 13 and Ms. M.383
3040:(in Italian). Bergamo: Instituto Italiano d'Arte Grafiche
2809:
Primoris. The Rob Lovett Fiore dei Liberi Training System
2135:
2133:
2131:
360:) in 1381 when Piero del Verde likely fought a duel with
2961:
dei Liberi, Fiore; Rubboli, Marco; Cesari, Luca (2002).
2484:
Fiore dei Liberi – Fiore di Battaglia – Flos Duellatorum
1510:
before 1902–present – owned by the Pisani Dossi family.
1488:
in 1902, including the only reproductions of a copy of
874:
1924–present – held by the Morgan Library & Museum.
434:
named Sirano. It was fought on 24 June and attended by
275:
in the Middle Ages, or possibly of the rising class of
2965:(in Italian). Rome: Il Icherio Initiative Editoriali.
2194:
Della Eloquenza italiana di monsignor Giusto Fontanini
353:, and also highlights some of their martial exploits.
1850:
The contents of the Mss. Latin 11269 are as follows:
1572:
Longsword against spear/unarmed against spear (f 15r)
1514:
The contents of the Pisani Dossi Ms. are as follows:
1183:
The contents of the Ms. Ludwig XV 13 are as follows:
2201:, vol. 3 (in Italian). R. Bernabò, 1736. pp 274–276.
2146:. Pisani Dossi Ms. Italy: Private Collection. f 1rv.
813:(codex Soranzo MCCLXI) in the Biblioteca Soranzo in
2085:
2083:
2081:
1777:
1769:
1759:
1749:
1741:
1731:
1723:
1715:
1707:
1697:
1686:
1678:
1652:
1484:The Pisani Dossi Ms. was published in facsimile by
1451:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1376:
1365:
1357:
1333:
1089:
1079:
1069:
1057:
1047:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1015:
1005:
994:
986:
959:
766:
756:
748:
738:
726:
718:
710:
702:
694:
684:
673:
665:
639:
181:
140:
113:
105:
87:
69:
61:
44:
23:
3003:(in Italian). Udine: D. del Bianco. Archived from
2121:. Ms. Ludwig XV 13 (ACNO 83.MR.183). Los Angeles:
2110:
2108:
2106:
824:1780–1836 – the collection of the Venetian former
323:He further offers an extensive list of the famous
2615:dei Liberi, Fiore; Rubboli, Marco; Cesari, Luca,
2380:
2378:
1805:The known provenance of the Mss. Latin 11269 is:
1496:The known provenance of the Pisani Dossi Ms. is:
1128:The known provenance of the Ms. Ludwig XV 13 is:
411:, were in attendance. The duel was to begin with
320:, and he stated that he won each without injury.
223:) is among the oldest surviving fencing manuals.
2512:
2510:
2023:Mondschein (2011), p 11. MS M.383 fol. 2r has:
850:(sold London, Sotheby's, 19 Dec. 1903, no. 720).
504:time and place of Fiore's death remain unknown.
2165:
2163:
2161:
1147:(1668–1750), who created a copy of the preface.
3099:High-resolution images of the Mss. Latin 11269
3083:High-resolution images of the Ms. Ludwig XV 13
3073:High-resolution images of the Ms. Ludwig XV 13
2911:Highland Village, TX: The Chivalry Bookshelf.
2849:Fiore dei Liberi, 1409: Wrestling & Dagger
2220:, vol. 4 (in Italian). Alvisopoli, 1830. p 27.
1165:1825–1966 – the Ms. 4202 in the collection of
878:The contents of the Ms. M.383 are as follows:
368:erupted as a coalition of secular nobles from
2851:(in German and English). Arts of Mars Books.
2635:
2633:
1857:Segno with 7 swords and animal virtues (f 1v)
8:
3132:by Charlélie Berthaut. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
3126:, by Hermes Michelini. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
2415:Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau.
2398:Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau.
1445:Double-sided; four to six illustrations per
2331:
2329:
2268:having been variously identified as either
2053:, and roughly contemporary with the French
2619:, Rome: Il Icherio Initiative Editoriali,
2478:
2256:, who was a student of master Nicholas of
1649:
1330:
956:
801:The known provenance of the Ms. M.383 is:
636:
423:but the lords intervened to end the duel.
20:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2180:Fiore dei Liberi: Origins and Motivations
2807:Lancaster, Mark; Berryman, Mark (2010).
2742:. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press.
2678:. Acta Periodica Duellatorum Association
1172:1966–1983 – the Ms. Ludwig XV 13 in the
548:The major sections of the work include:
2015:
552:, unarmed plays (usually translated as
364:(Peter Kornwald). That same year, the
154:
3060:Biography and primary source documents
2949:
2939:
2836:Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press.
2796:Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press.
2593:The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe
1557:Four strikes of the sword (ff 11v–12r)
1109:, is currently in the holdings of the
811:Arte di armeggiare a piedi ed acavallo
2868:Fiore dei Liberi's Sword in Two Hands
2827:Fiore de' Liberi's Fior di Battaglia,
2642:"Description of the Paris Fiore Ms. (
1073:Double-sided; four illustrations per
742:Double-sided; four illustrations per
582:, the use of the sword in two hands;
271:class which formed the lower tier of
7:
1753:Double-sided; two illustrations per
1471:, was believed to have been lost in
1174:collection of Peter and Irene Ludwig
287:, but this has yet to be confirmed.
16:Italian knight, diplomat, and fencer
3124:Translation of the Pisani Dossi Ms.
3095:file, 42 MB). Retrieved 8 May 2013.
2825:dei Liberi, Fiore; Leoni, Tommaso.
2778:. Los Angeles: Getty Publications.
2443:. in Italian. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
1926:Sword vs. dagger plays (ff 20r–20v)
1823:before 1712 – in the collection of
1632:Sword vs. dagger plays (ff 34r–35r)
1229:Sword vs. dagger plays (ff 19r–20r)
1051:Parchment, in a pasteboard leather
939:Sword vs. dagger plays (ff 18r–18v)
2727:. Helsinki, Finland: Spada Press.
2411:Fiore his masters and his students
2394:Fiore his masters and his students
14:
3089:Facsimile of the Pisani Dossi Ms.
1623:Mounted combat plays (ff 28r–32v)
1310:Mounted combat plays (ff 41r–45v)
1244:Four strikes of the sword (f 23r)
3161:Historical European martial arts
2713:Helsinki, Finland: Spada Press.
2282:. Journal of Western Martial Art
1799:Bibliothèque nationale de France
1667:
1661:Bibliothèque nationale de France
1429:Parchment, in a cardboard folder
1346:
975:
654:
33:
3156:People from Cividale del Friuli
3106:Transcriptions and Translations
2984:(in Italian). Gladitoria Press.
1169:(sold London, Sotheby's, 1966).
788:the Morgan Library & Museum
648:The Morgan Library & Museum
590:(primarily techniques from the
341:(Galeazzo Gonzaga da Mantova),
159:Ms. Ludwig.XV.13 (1400s decade)
347:Giovannino da Baggio di Milano
339:Galeazzo Cattaneo dei Grumelli
185:Benedetto de'i Liberi (father)
1:
3171:14th-century Italian nobility
2757:Lagomarsini, Claudio (2011).
2738:Charrette, Robert N. (2011).
2581:. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
2045:after the early-14th-century
1735:Parchment, with a pasteboard
927:Sword vs. dagger play (f 17r)
343:Lancillotto Beccaria di Pavia
237:Patriarchal State of Aquileia
231:Fiore dei Liberi was born in
3186:Martial arts school founders
3176:15th-century Italian writers
2893:(in Italian). Udine: Ribis.
2651:. Historical Fencing Dot Org
2096:. Ms. M.383. New York City:
2059:; comparable texts from the
1863:Spear vs. cavalry (ff 6r–6v)
1316:Mounted combat plays (f 46v)
888:Spear vs. cavalry (ff 8r–8v)
622:against a man on horseback.
401:Francesco Novello da Carrara
2980:Rapisardi, Giovani (1998).
2889:Malipiero, Massimo (2006).
2763:Studi di Filologia Italiana
2579:Morgan Library & Museum
2098:Morgan Library & Museum
1629:Mounted combat play (f 33v)
1521:Italian Prologue (ff 1r–1v)
857:(catalog 8, 1908, plate 9).
722:Vellum, in a modern binding
514:Filippo di Bartolomeo Dardi
366:Aquileian War of Succession
329:that he trained, including
3202:
2989:Zanutto, D. Luigi (1907).
2909:The Swordsman’s Companion.
2776:The Knightly Art of Battle
2676:Acta Periodica Duellatorum
2575:CORSAIR Collection Catalog
2049:and the late-14th-century
1505:Carlo Alberto Pisani Dossi
842:1836–1903 – owned by Rev.
586:, the use of the sword in
168:Codex LXXXIV (before 1436)
2572:"Curatorial description".
2435:10 September 2014 at the
1860:Mounted combat (ff 2r–5v)
1666:
1659:
1626:Spear vs. cavalry (f 33r)
1345:
1340:
1313:Spear vs. cavalry (f 46r)
974:
966:
885:Mounted combat (ff 2v–8r)
869:John Pierpont Morgan, Jr.
653:
646:
136:
32:
26:Fiore Furlano de'i Liberi
3181:Medieval Italian knights
2922:Easton, Matthew (2003).
2870:. Highland Village, TX:
2847:Richards, Colin (2007).
2794:The Armizare Vade Mecum.
2774:Mondschein, Ken (2011).
2672:"On the Art of Fighting"
2644:Florius de arte luctandi
2516:Mondschein (2011), p 12.
2169:Mondschein (2011), p 11.
1950:close plays (ff 26r–30v)
1835:. Donated by him to the
1795:Florius de Arte Luctandi
1644:Florius de Arte Luctandi
1593:close plays (ff 21r–23v)
1575:The seven swords (f 16v)
1524:(ff 2r–2v – blank pages)
1268:The seven swords (f 32r)
1262:close plays (ff 27v–30v)
1190:(ff 3r–5v – blank pages)
924:close plays (ff 15r–16v)
839:, 15 June 1836, no. 40).
786:, is in the holdings of
467:Florius de Arte Luctandi
459:Giovanni degli Ordelaffi
426:Fiore surfaces again in
337:(Nikolo von Urslingen),
255:, either as part of the
165:Ms. Latin.11269 (1410s?)
156:Ms. M.383 (1400s decade)
3079:. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
2866:Price, Brian R (2007).
2372:. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
2349:. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
2314:. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
1896:wide plays (ff 14r–15v)
1841:Florius de Art Luctandi
1839:, where it was labeled
1635:Exotic poleaxes (f 35r)
1587:wide plays (ff 19v–20v)
1256:wide plays (ff 25r–27v)
1150:before 1825 – owned by
1136:before 1474 – owned by
918:wide plays (ff 13v–14v)
162:Pisani Dossi Ms. (1409)
2872:The Chivalry Bookshelf
2725:The Medieval Longsword
2591:Anglo, Sydney (2000).
2424:6 October 2014 at the
2364:16 August 2013 at the
2341:6 October 2014 at the
2306:6 October 2014 at the
2210:Gian Giuseppe Liruti.
846:of Bagington Rectory,
538:illuminated manuscript
436:Gian Galeazzo Visconti
263:, "free nobles"), the
171:Codex CX (before 1436)
121:Gian Galeazzo Visconti
2907:Windsor, Guy (2004).
2832:Windsor, Guy (2012).
2792:Windsor, Guy (2011).
2723:Windsor, Guy (2014).
2709:Windsor, Guy (2016).
2646:, BnF Ms. Lat 11269)"
2400:Retrieved 2013-10-25.
1982:Codices LXXXIV and CX
1755:side, with text above
1518:Latin Prologue (f 1r)
1447:side, with text above
1307:(ff 40v – blank page)
1143:ca. 1699 – gifted to
1075:side, with text above
867:1913–1924 – owned by
860:1909–1913 – owned by
853:1903–1909 – owned by
829:Matteo Luigi Canonici
744:side, with text above
403:, Lord of Padua, and
374:Philippe II d'Alençon
351:Azzone di Castelbarco
331:Piero Paolo del Verde
277:Imperial Free Knights
3166:Italian male fencers
2834:The Medieval Dagger.
2544:Zanutto, pp 211–212.
2504:Malipiero, pp 55–58.
2495:Malipiero, pp 85–88.
2384:Malipiero, pp 94–96.
2123:J. Paul Getty Museum
1917:(f 19r – blank page)
1890:stances (ff 12v–13v)
1745:44 folia, 255Ă—195 mm
1620:(f 27v – blank page)
1599:stances (ff 24r–24v)
1581:stances (ff 16r–18r)
1490:the Flower of Battle
1319:Closing (ff 46v–47r)
1286:stances (ff 35v–36r)
1274:stances (ff 32v–33r)
1250:stances (ff 23v–24v)
1111:J. Paul Getty Museum
1035:At least two artists
969:J. Paul Getty Museum
912:stances (ff 12r–13r)
900:stances (ff 10r–10v)
862:John Pierpont Morgan
831:(1727–c.1806) (sold
616:small stick or baton
543:the Flower of Battle
532:The Flower of Battle
333:(Peter von GrĂĽnen),
281:Cristallo dei Liberi
205:from whom an extant
145:The Flower of Battle
3151:15th-century deaths
3091:from Novati, 1902 (
3010:on 13 December 2013
2711:Advanced Longsword.
2266:mexinensis diocesis
2247:Pisani-Dossi 2a.4:
1837:Bibliothèque du Roi
1411:Altichiero da Zevio
1187:Prologue (ff 1v–2v)
882:Prologue (ff 1r–2r)
641:B1.370.A Ms. M.0383
558:but more literally
405:Francesco I Gonzaga
362:Pietro della Corona
233:Cividale del Friuli
207:martial arts manual
201:He is the earliest
151:List of manuscripts
51:Cividale del Friuli
3077:Google Art Project
2191:Giusto Fontanini.
2056:Le jeu de la hache
1992:Biblioteca Estense
1974:plays (ff 43r–44r)
1968:plays (ff 39r–42v)
1956:plays (ff 31r–38r)
1944:wide play (ff 26r)
1938:plays (ff 21v–25v)
1914:plays (ff 18r–18v)
1902:plays (ff 16r–17v)
1646:(Mss. Latin 11269)
1617:plays (ff 26v–27r)
1605:plays (ff 24v–25v)
1569:plays (ff 14v–15v)
1563:plays (ff 12r–13v)
1421:Niccolò III d'Este
1341:Private collection
1327:(Pisani Dossi Ms.)
1304:plays (ff 39r–40r)
1298:plays (ff 38r–38v)
1280:plays (ff 33r–35r)
1241:intro (ff 22r–22v)
1235:plays (ff 20r–21v)
1226:plays (ff 10v–18v)
1043:Niccolò III d'Este
953:(Ms. Ludwig XV 13)
906:plays (ff 10v–11v)
855:Tammaro de Marinis
486:Niccolò III d'Este
397:Jean II Le Maingre
335:Niccolo Unricilino
253:imperial immediacy
209:has survived. His
127:Niccolò III d'Este
3062:on Wiktenauer.com
3024:Novati, Francesco
2972:978-88-8474-023-6
2933:978-0-9541633-1-0
2917:978-189-1448-41-6
2900:978-887-44503-5-0
2881:978-1-891448-13-3
2858:978-3-9811627-0-7
2842:978-193-7439-03-3
2818:978-0-9564871-0-0
2802:978-1-937439-00-2
2785:978-160-60607-6-6
2749:978-0-9825911-7-8
2733:978-952-6819-37-2
2719:978-952-7157-07-7
2696:Novati, pp 29–30.
2670:Mondschein, Ken.
2640:Mondschein, Ken.
2602:978-0-300-08352-1
2555:Rules for Fencing
2229:Novati, pp 15–16.
2140:Liberi, Fiore dei
2119:Fior di Battaglia
2115:Liberi, Fiore dei
2094:Fior di Battaglia
2090:Liberi, Fiore dei
1878:plays (ff 8v–10r)
1854:Title page (f 1r)
1787:
1786:
1702:Renaissance Latin
1554:plays (ff 5r–11v)
1478:Renaissance Latin
1461:
1460:
1385:Renaissance Latin
1220:intro (ff 9v–10r)
1123:Fior di Battaglia
1107:Fior di Battaglia
1099:
1098:
951:Fior di Battaglia
784:Fior di Battaglia
776:
775:
631:Fior di Battaglia
574:, the use of the
522:Ludwig VI von Eyb
463:Fior di Battaglia
292:Holy Roman Empire
217:Fior di Battaglia
189:
188:
100:Renaissance Latin
3193:
3075:courtesy of the
3049:
3047:
3045:
3039:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3002:
2985:
2976:
2957:
2951:
2947:
2945:
2937:
2904:
2885:
2862:
2822:
2811:. Wyvern Media.
2789:
2770:
2753:
2697:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2637:
2628:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2588:
2582:
2568:
2562:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2525:Malipiero, p 97.
2523:
2517:
2514:
2505:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2453:
2452:Malipiero, p 85.
2450:
2444:
2407:
2401:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2373:
2356:
2350:
2333:
2324:
2321:
2315:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2245:
2239:
2238:Malipiero, p 80.
2236:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2208:
2202:
2189:
2183:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2156:
2153:
2147:
2144:Flos Duellatorum
2137:
2126:
2112:
2101:
2087:
2076:
2061:Asian traditions
2043:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2020:
1948:Spada a dui mani
1942:Spada a dui mani
1894:Spada a dui mani
1888:Spada a dui mani
1869:plays (ff 6v–7v)
1825:Louis Phélypeaux
1791:Mss. Latin 11269
1773:Pisani Dossi Ms.
1719:Fiore dei Liberi
1671:
1654:Mss. Latin 11269
1650:
1591:Spada a dui mani
1585:Spada a dui mani
1579:Spada a dui mani
1536:plays (ff 3v–4v)
1486:Francesco Novati
1469:Flos Duellatorum
1465:Pisani Dossi Ms.
1402:Fiore dei Liberi
1381:Medieval Italian
1361:10 February 1409
1350:
1335:Pisani Dossi Ms.
1331:
1325:Flos Duellatorum
1260:Spada a dui mani
1254:Spada a dui mani
1248:Spada a dui mani
1239:Spada a dui mani
1202:plays (ff 6v–8r)
1167:Thomas Phillipps
1103:Ms. Ludwig XV 13
1027:Fiore dei Liberi
1010:Medieval Italian
979:
961:Ms. Ludwig XV 13
957:
922:Spada a dui mani
916:Spada a dui mani
910:Spada a dui mani
894:plays (ff 9r–9v)
706:Fiore dei Liberi
689:Medieval Italian
658:
637:
614:, or plays of a
580:spada a dui mani
518:Philippo di Vadi
482:D. Luigi Zanutto
478:Francesco Novati
471:Flos Duellatorum
235:, a town in the
221:Flos Duellatorum
212:Flower of Battle
37:
21:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3136:
3135:
3108:
3069:
3067:Image Galleries
3056:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3022:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2988:
2979:
2973:
2960:
2948:
2938:
2934:
2926:. Panda Press.
2921:
2901:
2888:
2882:
2865:
2859:
2846:
2819:
2806:
2786:
2773:
2756:
2750:
2737:
2706:
2704:Further reading
2701:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2639:
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2539:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2482:Easton, Matt. "
2481:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2437:Wayback Machine
2426:Wayback Machine
2417:in English and
2408:
2404:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2366:Wayback Machine
2357:
2353:
2343:Wayback Machine
2334:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2308:Wayback Machine
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2278:Cvet, David M.
2277:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2209:
2205:
2190:
2186:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2138:
2129:
2113:
2104:
2088:
2079:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2017:
2012:
1984:
1977:Closing (f 44r)
1962:stances (f 38v)
1923:stances (f 19v)
1908:stances (f 18r)
1882:Spada a un mano
1782:Catalog listing
1754:
1736:
1687:Place of origin
1674:
1655:
1648:
1638:Closing (f 35v)
1611:stances (f 26r)
1561:Spada a un mano
1446:
1383:
1366:Place of origin
1353:
1336:
1329:
1292:plays (36v–37v)
1233:Spada a un mano
1138:Nicolò Marcello
1094:Catalog listing
1074:
1052:
995:Place of origin
982:
962:
955:
943:Spada a un mano
931:Spada a un mano
871:(donated 1924).
771:Catalog listing
743:
674:Place of origin
661:
642:
635:
598:, plays of the
572:spada a un mano
534:
229:
177:
174:Ms. XXIV (1699)
153:
152:
147:
132:
49:
40:
28:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3197:
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3153:
3148:
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3127:
3121:
3115:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3096:
3086:
3080:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3055:
3054:External links
3052:
3051:
3050:
3020:
2986:
2977:
2971:
2958:
2950:|journal=
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2919:
2905:
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2880:
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2857:
2844:
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2817:
2804:
2790:
2784:
2771:
2765:(in Italian).
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1530:stances (f 3r)
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1407:Illuminated by
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1214:stances (f 9r)
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1197:
1196:stances (f 6r)
1191:
1188:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1105:, also titled
1097:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1086:
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1077:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1055:
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1045:
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1041:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:Illuminated by
1029:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1002:
996:
992:
991:
988:
984:
983:
980:
972:
971:
964:
963:
960:
954:
948:
947:
946:
940:
937:
934:
928:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
886:
883:
876:
875:
872:
865:
858:
851:
840:
822:
819:Jacopo Soranzo
807:
774:
773:
768:
764:
763:
758:
754:
753:
750:
746:
745:
740:
736:
735:
728:
724:
723:
720:
716:
715:
712:
711:Illuminated by
708:
707:
704:
700:
699:
696:
692:
691:
686:
682:
681:
675:
671:
670:
667:
663:
662:
659:
651:
650:
644:
643:
640:
634:
628:
533:
530:
228:
225:
203:Italian master
196:fencing master
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
150:
149:
148:
142:
138:
137:
134:
133:
131:
130:
124:
117:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
89:
85:
84:
78:Fencing master
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
46:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
25:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3198:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3006:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2943:
2935:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2690:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2663:
2647:
2645:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2625:88-8474-023-1
2622:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2531:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2294:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:, p. 274, at
2196:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:Howe, Russ. "
2175:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:Jixiao Xinshu
2062:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2051:GNM Ms. 3227a
2048:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2016:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1932:intro (f 21r)
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:Spada en arme
1919:
1916:
1913:
1912:Spada en arme
1910:
1907:
1906:Spada en arme
1904:
1901:
1900:Spada en arme
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1818:Sieur Janssen
1815:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1737:leather cover
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:Folia 14v–15r
1670:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:Spada en arme
1601:
1598:
1597:Spada en arme
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:Folia 18v–19r
1349:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:Spada en arme
1276:
1273:
1272:Spada en arme
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:Luigi Celotti
1149:
1146:
1145:Apostolo Zeno
1142:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:Folia 27v–28r
978:
973:
970:
965:
958:
952:
949:
944:
941:
938:
935:
933:plays (f 17v)
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
904:Spada en arme
902:
899:
898:Spada en arme
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
880:
879:
873:
870:
866:
863:
859:
856:
852:
849:
845:
841:
838:
834:
830:
827:
823:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
803:
802:
799:
797:
793:
792:New York City
789:
785:
781:
772:
769:
765:
762:
759:
755:
751:
747:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
690:
687:
683:
679:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:Folia 13v–14r
657:
652:
649:
645:
638:
632:
629:
627:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:spada en arme
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:
563:
562:
557:
556:
551:
546:
544:
539:
531:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
505:
501:
499:
495:
491:
488:, Marquis of
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
395:
391:
386:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:
321:
319:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:unindentured
266:
262:
261:nobili liberi
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
226:
224:
222:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
184:
180:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
146:
143:
141:Notable works
139:
135:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
36:
31:
22:
19:
3146:1350s births
3042:. Retrieved
3033:
3028:
3012:. Retrieved
3005:the original
2996:
2991:
2981:
2962:
2923:
2908:
2890:
2867:
2848:
2833:
2826:
2808:
2793:
2775:
2766:
2762:
2739:
2724:
2710:
2692:
2680:. Retrieved
2675:
2665:
2653:. Retrieved
2643:
2616:
2611:
2592:
2586:
2566:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2540:
2530:
2521:
2500:
2491:
2448:
2440:
2414:
2405:
2397:
2389:
2369:
2354:
2346:
2319:
2311:
2296:
2284:. Retrieved
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2218:Google Books
2216:, p. 27, at
2211:
2206:
2199:Google Books
2192:
2187:
2174:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2118:
2114:
2093:
2092:(ca.1400s).
2089:
2070:
2064:
2054:
2041:
2032:
2024:
2018:
2004:
1999:
1988:Codex LXXXIV
1987:
1985:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1884:(ff 10r–12r)
1881:
1875:
1866:
1849:
1840:
1804:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1693:, France (?)
1643:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1566:
1560:
1551:
1548:intro (f 5r)
1545:
1542:plays (f 4v)
1539:
1533:
1527:
1513:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1473:World War II
1468:
1464:
1462:
1418:Dedicated to
1324:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1238:
1232:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1208:plays (f 8v)
1205:
1199:
1193:
1182:
1127:
1122:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1065:, 279Ă—206 mm
1040:Dedicated to
950:
945:play (f 19r)
942:
930:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
877:
844:Walter Sneyd
817:(Library of
810:
800:
783:
779:
777:
734:, 277Ă—195 mm
630:
624:
611:
603:
595:
583:
579:
571:
565:
559:
553:
549:
547:
542:
535:
506:
502:
475:
470:
466:
462:
456:
425:
387:
355:
324:
322:
296:
289:
260:
248:
230:
220:
216:
211:
210:
200:
191:
190:
144:
18:
2561:1907. p 28.
2323:Leoni, p 7.
2286:15 February
2262:Mexinensian
2125:. ff 1r–2r.
2117:(ca.1400).
2100:. ff 1r–2r.
2047:RA Ms. I.33
1770:Exemplar(s)
1698:Language(s)
1540:Bastoncello
1377:Language(s)
1206:Bastoncello
1115:Los Angeles
1006:Language(s)
990:before 1409
685:Language(s)
669:before 1409
633:(Ms. M.383)
612:bastoncello
526:Hartenstein
326:condottieri
309:except for
247:. The term
245:Premariacco
106:Nationality
57:(now Italy)
3140:Categories
3044:12 January
2655:28 January
2010:References
1833:Phélypeaux
1682:after 1409
1140:of Venice.
752:Incomplete
620:chiavarina
602:in armor;
438:, Duke of
407:, Lord of
303:longswords
70:Occupation
65:after 1409
2952:ignored (
2942:cite book
2769:: 257–91.
1816:mill for
1814:Puy-moyen
1793:, titled
1716:Author(s)
1708:Scribe(s)
1467:, titled
1399:Author(s)
1391:Scribe(s)
1162:, 1825)).
1160:Sotheby's
1024:Author(s)
1016:Scribe(s)
837:Sotheby's
782:, titled
780:Ms. M.383
749:Condition
703:Author(s)
695:Scribe(s)
592:halfsword
561:grappling
555:wrestling
510:Bolognese
382:artillery
311:gambesons
307:unarmored
182:Relatives
114:Employers
109:Friulian
82:Mercenary
3026:(1902).
3014:10 March
2433:Archived
2422:Archived
2362:Archived
2339:Archived
2304:Archived
2142:(1409).
2072:Muyejebo
2000:Codex CX
1966:Abrazare
1960:Abrazare
1764:Bastarda
1732:Material
1534:Abrazare
1528:Abrazare
1456:Bastarda
1437:36 folia
1426:Material
1200:Abrazare
1194:Abrazare
1084:Bastarda
1048:Material
848:Coventry
761:Bastarda
719:Material
550:abrazare
378:cardinal
273:nobility
269:knightly
265:Germanic
257:Edelfrei
92:Friulian
88:Language
74:Diplomat
2682:28 June
2274:Meissen
2260:in the
2254:Suvenus
1996:Ferrara
1829:marquis
1727:Unknown
1711:Unknown
1394:Unknown
1372:, Italy
1053:binding
1019:Unknown
1001:, Italy
714:Unknown
698:Unknown
680:, Italy
600:poleaxe
512:master
490:Ferrara
444:poleaxe
421:poleaxe
394:Marshal
358:Perugia
315:chamois
285:Henry V
239:in the
96:Italian
48:c. 1350
3036:]
2999:]
2969:
2930:
2915:
2897:
2878:
2855:
2840:
2815:
2800:
2782:
2746:
2731:
2717:
2627:(2002)
2623:
2599:
2535:more".
2428:. and
2258:Toblem
1760:Script
1750:Format
1452:Script
1442:Format
1370:Venice
1156:London
1154:(sold
1133:older.
1080:Script
1070:Format
999:Venice
833:London
826:Jesuit
815:Venice
806:older.
757:Script
739:Format
604:lancia
496:, and
494:Modena
469:, and
452:dagger
450:, and
432:squire
417:helmet
413:spears
409:Mantua
349:, and
318:gloves
249:Liberi
241:Friuli
55:Friuli
3038:(JPG)
3032:[
3008:(PDF)
3001:(PDF)
2995:[
2649:(PDF)
1867:Lanza
1778:Other
1691:Paris
1567:Lanza
1302:Lanza
1090:Other
1063:folia
892:Lanza
767:Other
732:folia
678:Milan
608:spear
588:armor
576:sword
536:Four
498:Parma
448:estoc
440:Milan
428:Pavia
390:Padua
370:Udine
299:duels
3046:2014
3016:2012
2967:ISBN
2954:help
2928:ISBN
2913:ISBN
2895:ISBN
2876:ISBN
2853:ISBN
2838:ISBN
2813:ISBN
2798:ISBN
2780:ISBN
2744:ISBN
2729:ISBN
2715:ISBN
2684:2020
2657:2013
2621:ISBN
2597:ISBN
2570:See
2288:2009
2270:Metz
1986:The
1972:Daga
1954:Daga
1936:Daga
1930:Daga
1876:Azza
1789:The
1742:Size
1679:Date
1615:Azza
1609:Azza
1552:Daga
1546:Daga
1463:The
1434:Size
1358:Date
1296:Daga
1290:Azza
1284:Azza
1224:Daga
1218:Daga
1212:Daga
1101:The
1058:Size
987:Date
967:The
778:The
727:Size
666:Date
596:azza
567:daga
520:and
480:and
313:and
227:Life
62:Died
45:Born
3093:PDF
2276:).
2272:or
1994:in
1831:de
1413:(?)
1113:in
1061:49
790:in
730:20
594:);
564:);
524:of
129:(?)
123:(?)
3142::
2946::
2944:}}
2940:{{
2874:.
2767:69
2761:.
2674:.
2632:^
2577:.
2509:^
2457:^
2439:.
2413:.
2396:.
2377:^
2368:.
2345:.
2328:^
2310:.
2160:^
2130:^
2105:^
2080:^
2069:,
1827:,
1507:).
1158:,
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