1075:(1956–1976) for Sudan virus, with the most recent common ancestor among the four species included in the analysis (Ebola virus, Tai Forest virus, Sudan virus, and Reston virus) estimated at 1000–2100 years. The most recent common ancestor of the Marburg and Sudan species appears to have evolved 700 and 850 years before present respectively. Although mutational clocks placed the divergence time of extant filoviruses at ~10,000 years before the present, dating of orthologous endogenous elements (paleoviruses) in the genomes of hamsters and voles indicated that the extant genera of filovirids had a common ancestor at least as old as the Miocene (~16–23 million or so years ago).
468:
72:
558:
476:
31:
4112:
48:
4102:
1635:
Paleoviral elements are known from each of the four main divergent clades of filoviruses. While orthologous elements in mammal genomes support a minimum age for filoviruses of tens of million of years, the existence of filoviruses and their elements in divergent lineages of fishes suggests that the
531:
located at the 3' end of the genome. Transcription either terminates after a gene or continues to the next gene downstream. This means that genes close to the 3' end of the genome are transcribed in the greatest abundance, whereas those toward the 5' end are least likely to be transcribed. The gene
1695:
could result in a change in transmission system from direct body fluid transmission to airborne transmission, as was seen in Reston virus (another member of genus
Ebolavirus) between infected macaques. A similar change in the current circulating strains of EBOV could greatly increase the infection
2027:
Netesov, S.V.; Feldmann, H.; Jahrling, P. B.; Klenk, H. D.; Sanchez, A. (2000). "Family
Filoviridae". In van Regenmortel, M. H. V.; Fauquet, C. M.; Bishop, D. H. L.; Carstens, E. B.; Estes, M. K.; Lemon, S. M.; Maniloff, J.; Mayo, M. A.; McGeoch, D. J.; Pringle, C. R.; Wickner, R. B. (eds.).
1074:
The mutation rates in these genomes have been estimated to be between 0.46 × 10 and 8.21 × 10 nucleotide substitutions/site/year. The most recent common ancestor of sequenced filovirus variants was estimated to be 1971 (1960–1976) for Ebola virus, 1970 (1948–1987) for Reston virus, and 1969
540:
in the cell determines when the RdRp switches from gene transcription to genome replication. Replication results in full-length, positive-stranded antigenomes that are in turn transcribed into negative-stranded virus progeny genome copies. Newly synthesized structural proteins and genomes
2145:
Kuhn, J. H.; Becker, S.; Ebihara, H.; Geisbert, T. W.; Jahrling, P. B.; Kawaoka, Y.; Netesov, S. V.; Nichol, S. T.; Peters, C. J.; Volchkov, V. E.; Ksiazek, T. G. (2011). "Family
Filoviridae". In King, Andrew M. Q.; Adams, Michael J.; Carstens, Eric B.; et al. (eds.).
2001:
Jahrling, P. B.; Kiley, M. P.; Klenk, H.-D.; Peters, C. J.; Sanchez, A.; Swanepoel, R. (1995). "Family
Filoviridae". In Murphy, F. A.; Fauquet, C. M.; Bishop, D. H. L.; Ghabrial, S. A.; Jarvis, A. W.; Martelli, G. P.; Mayo, M. A.; Summers, M. D. (eds.).
2056:
Feldmann, H.; Geisbert, T. W.; Jahrling, P. B.; Klenk, H.-D.; Netesov, S. V.; Peters, C. J.; Sanchez, A.; Swanepoel, R.; Volchkov, V. E. (2005). "Family
Filoviridae". In Fauquet, C. M.; Mayo, M. A.; Maniloff, J.; Desselberger, U.; Ball, L. A. (eds.).
1682:
There are presently very limited vaccines for known filovirus. An effective vaccine against EBOV, developed in Canada, was approved for use in 2019 in the US and Europe. Similarly, efforts to develop a vaccine against
Marburg virus are under way.
5554:
3304:
743:
it forms nucleocapsids with a central axial channel (≈10–15 nm in width) surrounded by a dark layer (≈20 nm in width) and an outer helical layer (≈50 nm in width) with a cross striation (periodicity of
2229:
1815:
Kiley MP, Bowen ET, Eddy GA, Isaäcson M, Johnson KM, McCormick JB, Murphy FA, Pattyn SR, Peters D, Prozesky OW, Regnery RL, Simpson DI, Slenczka W, Sureau P, van der Groen G, Webb PA, Wulff H (1982).
1636:
virus family is hundreds of millions of years old. Paleoviruses that appear to be derived from filovirus-like viruses have been identified in the genomes of many small-bodied species including
2944:"A Recombinant Rabies Virus Expressing the Marburg Virus Glycoprotein Is Dependent upon Antibody-Mediated Cellular Cytotoxicity for Protection against Marburg Virus Disease in a Murine Model"
3384:
3379:
5207:
3844:
455:, never abbreviated, and to be preceded by the word "family". The names of its members (filoviruses or filovirids) are to be written in lower case, are not italicized, and used without
2091:
Kuhn JH, Becker S, Ebihara H, Geisbert TW, Johnson KM, Kawaoka Y, Lipkin WI, Negredo AI, Netesov SV, Nichol ST, Palacios G, Peters CJ, Tenorio A, Volchkov VE, Jahrling PB (2010).
329:
2339:
Melanie M. Hierweger, Michel C. Koch, Melanie Rupp, Piet Maes, Nicholas Di Paola, Rémy
Bruggmann, Jens H. Kuhn, Heike Schmidt-Posthaus & Torsten Seuberlich (2021-11-22).
3205:
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2390:
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3849:
3025:
1899:
440:
399:
367:
360:
353:
269:
5505:
5217:
3834:
1759:; Leroy, EM; Mühlberger, E; Netesov, SV; Palacios, G; Pályi, B; Pawęska, JT; Smither, SJ; Takada, A; Towner, JS; Wahl, V; ICTV Report, Consortium (June 2019).
549:
off from the cell, gaining their envelopes from the cellular membrane they bud from. The mature progeny particles then infect other cells to repeat the cycle.
3839:
2942:
Keshwara, Rohan; Hagen, Katie R.; Abreu-Mota, Tiago; Papaneri, Amy B.; Liu, David; Wirblich, Christoph; Johnson, Reed F.; Schnell, Matthias J. (2019-03-05).
4592:
3824:
3299:
1708:
783:
it forms virions that are predominantly filamentous (U- and 6-shaped) and that are ≈80 nm in width, and several hundred nm and up to 14 μm in length
333:
3359:
5479:
3389:
1755:
Kuhn, JH; Amarasinghe, GK; Basler, CF; Bavari, S; Bukreyev, A; Chandran, K; Crozier, I; Dolnik, O; Dye, JM; Formenty, PBH; Griffiths, A; Hewson, R;
4229:
3788:
3354:
1978:
Classification and
Nomenclature of Viruses-Fifth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplement
4141:
3246:
3121:
3102:
3083:
3064:
2163:
4466:
3692:
3344:
3294:
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1707:
strain with aerosol transmission capability emerging in the future as a serious threat to national security and has collaborated with the
3829:
3314:
2796:
1951:
4456:
3763:
2066:
2037:
2011:
1985:
5518:
4968:
4808:
4341:
4336:
4134:
3197:
2549:"Unexpected Inheritance: Multiple Integrations of Ancient Bornavirus and Ebolavirus/Marburgvirus Sequences in Vertebrate Genomes"
1925:
3329:
3289:
3189:
Theoretical
Evidence That The Ebola Virus Zaire Strain May Be Selenium-Dependent: A Factor In Pathogenesis And Viral Outbreaks?
2093:"Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: Classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations"
1700:
674:
1696:
and disease rates caused by EBOV. However, there is no record of any Ebola strain ever having made this transition in humans.
5606:
4743:
3324:
706:
4115:
5000:
4640:
4239:
3095:
Filoviruses—A Compendium of 40 Years of
Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies. Archives of Virology Supplement
325:
1976:
McCormick, J. B. (1991). "Family Filoviridae". In Francki, R. I. B.; Fauquet, C. M.; Knudson, D. L.; et al. (eds.).
5291:
5286:
4894:
3349:
1903:
532:
order is therefore a simple but effective form of transcriptional regulation. The most abundant protein produced is the
504:
4105:
5616:
5611:
4921:
4916:
4904:
4446:
4329:
3623:
3334:
3319:
816:
2179:
Carroll SA, Towner JS, Sealy TK, McMullan LK, Khristova ML, Burt FJ, Swanepoel R, Rollin PE, Nichol ST (March 2013).
363:
that was defined in 1982 and emended in 1991, 1998, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2011. The family currently includes the six
71:
1160:
5621:
5010:
4928:
4909:
4275:
3613:
1379:
5510:
3149:
3000:
2004:
Virus Taxonomy—Sixth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplement
5601:
5133:
4596:
3239:
1232:
317:
4488:
2751:"Genomic transfers help to decipher the ancient evolution of filoviruses and interactions with vertebrate hosts"
2651:"Genomic transfers help to decipher the ancient evolution of filoviruses and interactions with vertebrate hosts"
2449:"Genomic transfers help to decipher the ancient evolution of filoviruses and interactions with vertebrate hosts"
1284:
5569:
5212:
5155:
5033:
4828:
4353:
1856:
US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
1266:
726:
508:
407:. The members of the family (i.e. the actual physical entities) are called filoviruses or filovirids. The name
3463:
1205:
965:
1178:
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5316:
4978:
4973:
4878:
4673:
4659:
4635:
4577:
4387:
4271:
3276:
1569:
1542:
1406:
786:
it forms virions that have surface projections ≈7 nm in length spaced ≈10 nm apart from each other
580:
488:
306:
1469:
1320:
1054:
5406:
4663:
4631:
4607:
4442:
4320:
4244:
4219:
4205:
4184:
3635:
1898:
US National Institutes of Health (NIH), US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
1442:
5096:
5005:
4983:
4647:
4324:
4111:
3942:
3423:
3404:
2427:
2384:
1524:
920:
520:
484:
2290:"Evidence that ebolaviruses and cuevaviruses have been diverging from marburgviruses since the Miocene"
1032:
1596:
5596:
5523:
5466:
5148:
5143:
4522:
3866:
3232:
3165:
2703:
2501:
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1002:
771:
492:
66:
5084:
5069:
4938:
4733:
3783:
3509:
3469:
3399:
3394:
3284:
971:
55:
1038:
467:
5281:
4556:
4408:
4082:
4065:
3655:
3595:
2815:
2270:
1665:
1501:
1047:
911:
905:
883:
809:
528:
422:
208:
4049:
4032:
1025:
201:
3214:
2155:
5626:
5453:
5361:
5138:
4481:
4295:
3979:
3675:
3650:
3364:
3117:
3098:
3079:
3060:
2981:
2963:
2880:
2862:
2823:
2772:
2731:
2672:
2631:
2580:
2529:
2470:
2372:
2321:
2262:
2210:
2159:
2122:
2062:
2033:
2007:
1981:
1838:
1792:
935:
861:
716:
456:
5563:
5497:
5444:
4126:
2181:"Molecular evolution of viruses of the family Filoviridae based on 97 whole-genome sequences"
1691:
There has been a pressing concern that a very slight genetic mutation to a filovirus such as
5089:
5074:
4704:
4515:
4510:
3735:
3477:
3449:
3429:
3339:
2971:
2955:
2870:
2854:
2805:
2762:
2721:
2711:
2662:
2621:
2611:
2570:
2560:
2519:
2509:
2460:
2413:
2406:"Detection and characterization of a novel bat filovirus (Dehong virus, DEHV) in fruit bats"
2362:
2352:
2311:
2301:
2252:
2244:
2200:
2192:
2147:
2112:
2104:
1828:
1782:
1772:
980:
950:
926:
737:
668:
227:
2918:
1703:’s National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center considers the risk of a mutated
5166:
4796:
4789:
4784:
4587:
4498:
4378:
4373:
3715:
3707:
3670:
3665:
3209:
1955:
1732:
720:
567:
557:
475:
403:
341:
281:
277:
144:
120:
1727:
2707:
2505:
495:
of the virion envelope with cellular membranes and the concomitant release of the virus
4993:
4681:
4652:
3725:
3680:
3640:
3369:
2976:
2943:
2875:
2842:
2726:
2691:
2626:
2599:
2575:
2548:
2524:
2489:
2367:
2340:
2316:
2289:
2257:
2205:
2180:
2117:
2092:
1787:
1760:
790:
657:
633:
630:
612:
448:
132:
2899:
2341:"Novel Filoviruses, Hantavirus, and Rhabdovirus in Freshwater Fish, Switzerland, 2017"
1929:
5590:
5340:
5250:
5198:
5119:
5101:
5023:
4943:
4819:
4801:
4713:
4503:
4160:
3872:
3660:
3618:
3590:
3567:
3504:
3187:
2148:
1756:
1008:
778:
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542:
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533:
313:
290:
108:
59:
1878:
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5354:
5180:
4954:
4769:
4688:
4622:
4611:
4568:
4403:
4396:
4391:
4346:
4311:
4254:
4196:
4016:
4000:
3984:
3922:
3808:
3701:
3645:
3437:
2288:
Taylor, D. J.; Ballinger, M. J.; Zhan, J. J.; Hanzly, L. E.; Bruenn, J. A. (2014).
2274:
2030:
Virus Taxonomy—Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
995:
941:
889:
867:
748:
496:
389:
337:
194:
30:
4164:
2059:
Virus Taxonomy—Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
5574:
2767:
2750:
2667:
2650:
2616:
2565:
2465:
2448:
2150:
Virus Taxonomy—Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
5438:
5185:
5175:
5079:
4887:
4882:
4778:
4542:
4476:
4433:
4363:
4285:
4209:
3895:
3793:
3557:
3514:
3499:
3455:
1704:
986:
956:
876:
729:
initiation and termination signals not found in genomes of other mononegaviruses
452:
377:
286:
180:
5372:
5302:
5272:
5222:
5106:
4988:
4869:
4724:
4602:
4533:
4415:
4264:
3962:
3877:
3744:
3628:
3572:
3539:
3266:
2418:
2405:
2248:
2108:
1661:
1016:
898:
854:
608:
383:
371:
187:
173:
38:
2967:
2866:
2716:
2514:
2404:
Biao He, Tingsong Hu, Xiaomin Yan, Fuqiang Zhang, Changchun Tu (2023-08-07).
1879:"Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 5th Edition"
5381:
4173:
3549:
3138:
1657:
764:
643:
626:
321:
273:
96:
5429:
2985:
2884:
2776:
2735:
2676:
2635:
2584:
2533:
2474:
2376:
2357:
2325:
2266:
2214:
2126:
1796:
47:
3199:
Can Selenite Be An Ultimate Inhibitor Of Ebola And Other Viral Infections?
2827:
1842:
5423:
4157:
3026:"Feature Article: New Tech Makes Detecting Airborne Ebola Virus Possible"
2959:
2196:
1777:
805:
798:
733:
524:
302:
3057:
Marburg and Ebola Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
2858:
2819:
5311:
5260:
5238:
4757:
3947:
3905:
3900:
3753:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3114:
Ebola and Marburg Viruses—A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy
3004:
1653:
820:
616:
590:
584:
546:
500:
294:
293:. Both viruses, and some of their lesser known relatives, cause severe
2306:
1833:
1816:
5558:
5349:
5128:
4857:
4846:
3544:
1674:
and the rodent family Spalacidae have been maintained by selection.
1670:
1649:
1641:
639:
620:
602:
425:
5546:
5484:
5400:
2810:
2791:
565:
A virus that fulfills the criteria for being a member of the order
3562:
3534:
3172:. Scientific resources for research on filoviruses. Archived from
1645:
556:
512:
474:
466:
412:
364:
298:
83:
2692:"Evolutionary maintenance of filovirus-like genes in bat genomes"
4420:
1692:
1660:
and fishes. Although most filovirus-like elements appear to be
516:
507:(RdRp, or RNA replicase) partially uncoats the nucleocapsid and
421:(alluding to the filamentous morphology of filovirions) and the
415:
340:, and are listed as Biological Agents for Export Control by the
5404:
4130:
3228:
2490:"Filoviruses are ancient and integrated into mammalian genomes"
1857:
251:
5048:
3224:
1817:"Filoviridae: A taxonomic home for Marburg and Ebola viruses?"
1637:
650:
598:
594:
561:
Schematic representation of the filovirus genome organization.
260:
5471:
2061:. San Diego, USA: Elsevier/Academic Press. pp. 645–653.
2898:
Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and (2020-01-27).
2006:. Vol. 10. Vienna, Austria: Springer. pp. 289–92.
1900:"Biodefense — NIAID Category A, B, and C Priority Pathogens"
1361:
1980:. Vol. 2. Vienna, Austria: Springer. pp. 247–49.
439:
According to the rules for taxon naming established by the
242:
236:
3173:
254:
3845:
2023 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Equatorial Guinea
3076:
Ebola and Marburg Viruses—Molecular and Cellular Biology
3001:"Scientists see risk of mutant airborne Ebola as remote"
2547:
Belyi VA, Levine AJ, Skalka AM (2010). Buchmeier (ed.).
479:
Replication cycle of filoviruses at and inside host cell
285:. Two members of the family that are commonly known are
487:
begins with virion attachment to specific cell-surface
2690:
Taylor DJ, Dittmar K, Ballinger MJ, Bruenn JA (2011).
2792:"An Introduction to Ebola: The Virus and the Disease"
1924:
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
441:
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
330:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
233:
230:
5536:
2841:
Plummer, Francis A.; Jones, Steven M. (2017-10-30).
1664:, evolutionary and structural analyses suggest that
541:
self-assemble and accumulate near the inside of the
257:
248:
239:
5540:
5413:
5370:
5338:
5329:
5300:
5270:
5248:
5237:
5196:
5164:
5117:
5058:
5047:
5021:
4952:
4867:
4856:
4845:
4817:
4767:
4756:
4722:
4702:
4620:
4566:
4555:
4531:
4431:
4309:
4194:
4183:
4172:
4074:
4063:
4041:
4030:
4009:
3998:
3971:
3960:
3935:
3914:
3888:
3858:
3817:
3806:
3776:
3691:
3606:
3583:
3492:
3415:
3275:
3264:
3059:. Vol. 235. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
2032:. San Diego, USA: Academic Press. pp. 539–48.
245:
3112:Ryabchikova, Elena I.; Price, Barbara B. (2004).
3216:Many In West Africa May Be Immune To Ebola Virus
2154:. London, UK: Elsevier/Academic Press. pp.
1709:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
653:genome that constitutes ≈1.1% of the virion mass
3850:2023 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Tanzania
2051:
2049:
1668:isolated from several species of the bat genus
3078:. Wymondham, Norfolk, UK: Horizon Bioscience.
1952:"List of Biological Agents for Export Control"
16:Family of viruses in the order Mononegavirales
4142:
3835:2021 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Guinea
3240:
2600:"Endogenous Viral Elements in Animal Genomes"
673:its genome contains seven genes in the order
332:as Category A Priority Pathogens, and by the
8:
3840:2022 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Ghana
3074:Klenk, Hans-Dieter; Feldmann, Heinz (2004).
2432:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2389:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1877:US Department of Health and Human Services.
471:Replication cycle of filoviruses and vectors
312:All filoviruses are classified by the US as
4593:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
3825:1967 Marburg virus outbreak in West Germany
3295:2013−2016 West African Ebola virus epidemic
3097:. Vol. 20. Vienna, Austria: Springer.
2749:Taylor, Derek J.; Barnhart, Max H. (2024).
2649:Taylor, Derek J.; Barnhart, Max H. (2024).
2447:Taylor, Derek J.; Barnhart, Max H. (2024).
2140:
2138:
2136:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1711:to design methods to detect EBOV aerosols.
5537:
5401:
5335:
5245:
5055:
4864:
4853:
4764:
4563:
4191:
4180:
4149:
4135:
4127:
4071:
4038:
4006:
3968:
3814:
3272:
3247:
3233:
3225:
2847:CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal
1761:"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Filoviridae"
831:
334:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
274:single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses
46:
29:
18:
2975:
2874:
2809:
2766:
2725:
2715:
2666:
2625:
2615:
2574:
2564:
2523:
2513:
2464:
2417:
2366:
2356:
2315:
2305:
2256:
2204:
2116:
1832:
1786:
1776:
3376:Recent DR Congo outbreaks and epidemics
1687:Mutation concerns and pandemic potential
1078:Filoviridae cladogram is the following:
322:Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment
3768:(2019 miniseries based on Preston book)
3116:. Columbus, Ohio, USA: Battelle Press.
2917:CZARSKA-THORLEY, Dagmara (2019-10-16).
1858:"National Select Agent Registry (NSAR)"
1719:
3789:Ebola virus disease treatment research
2488:Taylor DJ, Leach RW, Bruenn J (2010).
2425:
2382:
4964:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
2843:"The story of Canada's Ebola vaccine"
2790:Peters CJ, LeDuc JW (February 1999).
2230:"Evolutionary history of Ebola virus"
320:as Risk Group 4 Pathogens (requiring
7:
4101:
4467:Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
2999:Kelland, Kate (19 September 2014).
1516:
1509:
1495:
1353:
1346:
1258:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1081:
777:it forms virions that bud from the
527:. Filovirus RdRps bind to a single
3830:2017 Uganda Marburg virus outbreak
3315:United Nations Ebola Response Fund
2797:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2598:Katzourakis A, Gifford RJ (2010).
523:into structural and nonstructural
14:
1383:(Marburg virus & Ravn virus)
815:it forms virions that are poorly
625:it exclusively replicates in the
4457:Western equine encephalomyelitis
4447:Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
4110:
4100:
667:its genome contains one or more
431:(which denotes a virus family).
226:
70:
4582:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
3030:Department of Homeland Security
1765:The Journal of General Virology
1701:Department of Homeland Security
837:: genera, species, and viruses
4744:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
1926:"Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases"
1733:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1161:Orthoebolavirus bundibugyoense
747:it expresses a class I fusion
732:it forms nucleocapsids with a
338:Category A Bioterrorism Agents
1:
5001:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
4240:Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
1380:Orthomarburgvirus marburgense
326:National Institutes of Health
4895:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
2768:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011864
2668:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011864
2617:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001191
2566:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001030
2466:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011864
2345:Emerging Infectious Diseases
505:RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
4917:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
4905:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
3624:Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
3320:Operation United Assistance
3055:Klenk, Hans-Dieter (1999).
1233:Orthoebolavirus bombaliense
5650:
4929:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
4809:Sandfly fever Naples virus
1285:Orthoebolavirus restonense
1014:
992:
977:
974:(TAFV; previously CIEBOV)
962:
947:
944:(RESTV; previously REBOV)
932:
917:
895:
873:
851:
848:Virus name (abbreviation)
571:is a member of the family
4597:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus
4096:
3305:Reported cases and deaths
2923:European Medicines Agency
2419:10.1101/2023.08.07.552227
2249:10.1017/S0950268813002215
2109:10.1007/s00705-010-0814-x
1593:
1573:= Huángjiāo virus (HUJV)
1566:
1539:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1493:
1466:
1439:
1403:
1376:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1317:
1281:
1267:Orthoebolavirus sudanense
1263:
1256:
1229:
1202:
1175:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1000:
993:
989:(EBOV; previously ZEBOV)
959:(SUDV; previously SEBOV)
929:(BDBV; previously BEBOV)
896:
553:Family inclusion criteria
318:World Health Organization
169:
164:
65:
54:
45:
37:
28:
21:
5213:SARS-related coronavirus
5176:Henipavirus encephalitis
5034:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
4879:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
4660:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
4632:Arbovirus encephalitides
4608:Arbovirus encephalitides
4578:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
4543:Banna virus encephalitis
4443:Arbovirus encephalitides
4388:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
4354:Saint Louis encephalitis
4321:Arbovirus encephalitides
4272:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
4206:Arbovirus encephalitides
2804:(Supplement 1): ix–xvi.
2717:10.1186/1471-2148-11-336
2696:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2515:10.1186/1471-2148-10-193
2494:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1600:= Oberland virus (OBLV)
1206:Orthoebolavirus zairense
804:of at least 1.40; and a
789:it forms virions with a
774:that is not glycosylated
307:viral hemorrhagic fevers
5317:Yaba monkey tumor virus
4674:Kyasanur Forest disease
4636:Tick-borne encephalitis
4337:Australian encephalitis
4230:California encephalitis
2228:Li YH, Chen SP (2014).
1446:= Tapajós virus (TAPV)
1179:Orthoebolavirus taiense
770:it expresses a primary
767:at its cytoplasmic tail
581:viral hemorrhagic fever
515:into positive-stranded
398:and is included in the
4664:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
4245:La Crosse encephalitis
3093:Kuhn, Jens H. (2008).
2358:10.3201/eid2712.210491
1570:Thamnovirus thamnaconi
1546:= Kander virus (KNDV)
1543:Thamnovirus kanderense
1473:= Xīlǎng virus (XILV)
1410:= Měnglà virus (MLAV)
1407:Dianlovirus menglaense
1324:= Lloviu virus (LLOV)
562:
480:
472:
5607:Animal viral diseases
5097:Marburg virus disease
4648:Powassan encephalitis
4325:Japanese encephalitis
4083:Huangjiao thamnovirus
3943:Marburg virus disease
3464:Taï Forest ebolavirus
3424:Bundibugyo ebolavirus
3158:NCBI Taxonomy Browser
1950:The Australia Group.
1528:= Fiwi virus (FIWIV)
1470:Striavirus antennarii
1321:Cuevavirus lloviuense
1209:= Ebola virus (EBOV)
1055:Huangjiao thamnovirus
966:Taï Forest ebolavirus
921:Bundibugyo ebolavirus
560:
478:
470:
41:structure and genome
4523:Semliki Forest virus
3867:Marburg marburgvirus
2960:10.1128/JVI.01865-18
2197:10.1128/JVI.03118-12
2097:Archives of Virology
1778:10.1099/jgv.0.001252
1443:Tapjovirus bothropis
1365:Dehong virus (DEHV)
1003:Marburg marburgvirus
725:its genome contains
411:is derived from the
67:Virus classification
5070:Ebola virus disease
4734:Colorado tick fever
4489:O'nyong'nyong fever
3784:Ebola virus disease
3290:1976 Zaire outbreak
3285:1976 Sudan outbreak
2948:Journal of Virology
2859:10.1503/cmaj.170704
2853:(43): E1326–E1327.
2708:2011BMCEE..11..336T
2506:2010BMCEE..10..193T
838:
828:Family organization
56:Electron micrograph
5617:Hemorrhagic fevers
5612:Biological weapons
5282:Simian foamy virus
3656:Thomas Eric Duncan
3208:2020-11-19 at the
1525:Thamnovirus percae
1085:Filoviridae
906:Bombali ebolavirus
884:Mengla dianlovirus
832:
810:potassium tartrate
719:to genes of other
563:
481:
473:
5622:Tropical diseases
5584:
5583:
5534:
5533:
5407:Taxon identifiers
5398:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5325:
5324:
5233:
5232:
5043:
5042:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4752:
4751:
4551:
4550:
4296:Rift Valley fever
4124:
4123:
4092:
4091:
4059:
4058:
4050:Xilang striavirus
4026:
4025:
3994:
3993:
3980:Lloviu cuevavirus
3956:
3955:
3802:
3801:
3651:Pauline Cafferkey
3614:Ebola researchers
3554:
3438:Reston ebolavirus
3365:Ouse to Ouse Tock
3123:978-1-57477-131-2
3104:978-3-211-20670-6
3085:978-0-9545232-3-7
3066:978-3-540-64729-4
2351:(12): 3082–3091.
2307:10.7717/peerj.556
2237:Epidemiol. Infect
2165:978-0-12-384684-6
2103:(12): 2083–2103.
1834:10.1159/000149300
1736:. Merriam-Webster
1627:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1582:
1581:
1555:
1554:
1482:
1481:
1455:
1454:
1428:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1392:
1391:
1333:
1332:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1245:
1244:
1218:
1217:
1191:
1190:
1067:
1066:
1033:Xilang striavirus
936:Reston ebolavirus
862:Lloviu cuevavirus
656:its genome has a
519:, which are then
361:virological taxon
217:
216:
5639:
5602:Primate diseases
5538:
5527:
5526:
5514:
5513:
5501:
5500:
5488:
5487:
5475:
5474:
5462:
5461:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5402:
5336:
5246:
5056:
4865:
4854:
4829:Chandipura virus
4765:
4705:Orthomyxoviridae
4564:
4511:Ross River fever
4276:Bunyamwera fever
4192:
4181:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4128:
4114:
4104:
4103:
4072:
4039:
4007:
3969:
3928:
3815:
3769:
3759:
3749:
3741:
3736:Executive Orders
3731:
3721:
3711:
3552:
3478:Zaire ebolavirus
3450:Sudan ebolavirus
3273:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3226:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3161:
3127:
3108:
3089:
3070:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2979:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2878:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2813:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2770:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2719:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2670:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2619:
2610:(11): e1001191.
2595:
2589:
2588:
2578:
2568:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2527:
2517:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2423:
2421:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2388:
2380:
2370:
2360:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2319:
2309:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2260:
2243:(6): 1138–1145.
2234:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2208:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2153:
2142:
2131:
2130:
2120:
2088:
2073:
2072:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1954:. Archived from
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1932:on July 22, 2014
1928:. Archived from
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1902:. Archived from
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1836:
1812:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1780:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1724:
1597:Oblavirus percae
1517:
1510:
1496:
1354:
1347:
1259:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1082:
981:Zaire ebolavirus
972:Taï Forest virus
951:Sudan ebolavirus
927:Bundibugyo virus
839:
796:
663:
658:molecular weight
447:is always to be
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
75:
74:
50:
33:
19:
5649:
5648:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5579:
5549:
5535:
5530:
5522:
5517:
5509:
5504:
5496:
5491:
5483:
5478:
5470:
5465:
5457:
5452:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5428:
5427:
5422:
5409:
5399:
5386:
5366:
5331:
5321:
5296:
5266:
5240:
5229:
5192:
5167:Paramyxoviridae
5160:
5113:
5050:
5039:
5017:
4948:
4859:
4848:
4833:
4813:
4797:Pappataci fever
4790:Oropouche virus
4785:Oropouche fever
4759:
4748:
4718:
4698:
4616:
4588:Heartland virus
4558:
4547:
4527:
4499:Pogosta disease
4427:
4374:West Nile fever
4305:
4186:
4175:
4168:
4155:
4125:
4120:
4088:
4055:
4022:
3990:
3952:
3931:
3926:
3915:Popular culture
3910:
3889:Drug candidates
3884:
3854:
3798:
3772:
3767:
3757:
3747:
3739:
3729:
3719:
3708:Richard Preston
3705:
3693:Popular culture
3687:
3671:Matthew Lukwiya
3666:Sheik Umar Khan
3602:
3579:
3493:Drug candidates
3488:
3411:
3405:2021 North Kivu
3345:in Sierra Leone
3260:
3253:
3210:Wayback Machine
3179:
3177:
3164:
3148:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3111:
3105:
3092:
3086:
3073:
3067:
3054:
3050:
3048:Further reading
3045:
3035:
3033:
3032:. 20 April 2021
3024:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2927:
2925:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2761:(9): e1011864.
2748:
2747:
2743:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2661:(9): e1011864.
2648:
2647:
2643:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2559:(7): e1001030.
2546:
2545:
2541:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2459:(9): e1011864.
2446:
2445:
2441:
2424:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2381:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2144:
2143:
2134:
2090:
2089:
2076:
2069:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1961:
1959:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1935:
1933:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1909:
1907:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1689:
1680:
1633:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1583:
1556:
1483:
1456:
1429:
1420:
1393:
1334:
1307:
1298:
1246:
1219:
1192:
1124:Orthoebolavirus
1072:
1061:Huángjiāo virus
830:
806:buoyant density
802:
794:
779:plasma membrane
751:that is highly
734:buoyant density
721:mononegaviruses
661:
607:it needs to be
568:Mononegavirales
555:
465:
437:
404:Mononegavirales
350:
342:Australia Group
305:in the form of
282:Mononegavirales
229:
225:
146:Mononegavirales
122:Negarnaviricota
69:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5635:
5634:
5632:Virus families
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5589:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5566:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:Classification
5532:
5531:
5529:
5528:
5515:
5502:
5489:
5476:
5463:
5450:
5435:
5419:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5378:
5376:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5346:
5344:
5333:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5308:
5306:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5278:
5276:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5256:
5254:
5243:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5210:
5204:
5202:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5172:
5170:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5125:
5123:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5066:
5064:
5053:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5029:
5027:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5008:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4960:
4958:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4875:
4873:
4862:
4851:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4782:
4775:
4773:
4762:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4730:
4728:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4710:
4708:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4628:
4626:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4605:
4600:
4590:
4585:
4574:
4572:
4561:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4439:
4437:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4317:
4315:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4202:
4200:
4189:
4178:
4170:
4169:
4161:viral diseases
4156:
4154:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4131:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4108:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4078:
4076:
4069:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4045:
4043:
4036:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4013:
4011:
4004:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3975:
3973:
3966:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3933:
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3875:
3862:
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3827:
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3812:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3750:
3742:
3732:
3726:Ebola Syndrome
3722:
3712:
3706:(1995 book by
3697:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3681:Patrick Sawyer
3678:
3676:Mayinga N'Seka
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3641:Ameyo Adadevoh
3636:Ebola patients
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3610:
3608:
3607:Notable people
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3587:
3585:
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3580:
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3419:
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3410:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3370:Womey massacre
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
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3279:
3270:
3262:
3261:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3219:New York Times
3212:
3195:
3185:
3162:
3146:
3134:
3133:External links
3131:
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2909:
2890:
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2811:10.1086/514322
2782:
2755:PLOS Pathogens
2741:
2682:
2655:PLOS Pathogens
2641:
2590:
2553:PLOS Pathogens
2539:
2480:
2453:PLOS Pathogens
2439:
2396:
2331:
2280:
2220:
2191:(5): 2608–16.
2171:
2164:
2132:
2074:
2067:
2045:
2038:
2019:
2012:
1993:
1986:
1968:
1942:
1916:
1890:
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1848:
1827:(1–2): 24–32.
1802:
1771:(6): 911–912.
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872:
871:
865:
858:
850:
849:
846:
843:
829:
826:
825:
824:
813:
800:
791:molecular mass
787:
784:
781:
775:
772:matrix protein
768:
745:
741:
730:
723:
709:
671:
665:
654:
647:
636:
623:
613:serial passage
605:
587:
554:
551:
491:, followed by
483:The filovirus
464:
461:
436:
433:
349:
346:
215:
214:
213:
212:
205:
198:
191:
184:
177:
167:
166:
162:
161:
154:
150:
149:
142:
138:
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134:Monjiviricetes
130:
126:
125:
118:
114:
113:
106:
102:
101:
94:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
63:
62:
52:
51:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5645:
5644:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
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5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
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5592:
5576:
5572:
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5551:
5548:
5543:
5539:
5525:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5455:
5451:
5446:
5440:
5436:
5431:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5403:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5341:Rhabdoviridae
5337:
5334:
5328:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5251:Herpesviridae
5247:
5244:
5242:
5236:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5199:Coronaviridae
5195:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5120:Rhabdoviridae
5116:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
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5068:
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5063:
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5057:
5054:
5052:
5046:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5030:
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5024:Herpesviridae
5020:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
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4927:
4923:
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4915:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4898:
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4893:
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4886:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4866:
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4861:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4844:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4820:Rhabdoviridae
4816:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4802:Toscana virus
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4755:
4745:
4742:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4715:
4714:Bourbon virus
4712:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4675:
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4541:
4540:
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4536:
4535:
4530:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4505:
4504:Sindbis virus
4502:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4475:
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4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
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4449:
4448:
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4418:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4393:
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4372:
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4357:
4356:
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4335:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4326:
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4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4228:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4171:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4152:
4147:
4145:
4140:
4138:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4107:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:Miscellaneous
3934:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:Miscellaneous
3775:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3661:Salome Karwah
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3619:William Close
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:Brincidofovir
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:2020 Équateur
3398:
3396:
3395:Kivu epidemic
3393:
3391:
3390:2018 Équateur
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:Lipinski 2015
3200:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3176:on 2020-07-30
3175:
3171:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2935:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2837:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2786:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2604:PLOS Genetics
2601:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2068:0-12-370200-3
2064:
2060:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2039:0-12-370200-3
2035:
2031:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2013:3-211-82594-0
2009:
2005:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1987:0-387-82286-0
1983:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1958:on 2011-08-06
1957:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1906:on 2011-10-22
1905:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1880:
1873:
1870:
1859:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1821:Intervirology
1818:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1748:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1728:"Filoviridae"
1723:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1694:
1686:
1684:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1631:Paleovirology
1630:
1623:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1070:Phylogenetics
1069:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1009:Marburg virus
1007:
1005:
1004:
998:
997:
988:
985:
983:
982:
978:
973:
970:
968:
967:
963:
958:
955:
953:
952:
948:
943:
940:
938:
937:
933:
928:
925:
923:
922:
918:
913:
912:Bombali virus
910:
908:
907:
903:
901:
900:
891:
888:
886:
885:
881:
879:
878:
874:
869:
866:
864:
863:
859:
857:
856:
852:
847:
845:Species name
844:
841:
840:
836:
827:
823:
822:
818:
814:
812:of ≈1.14 g/cm
811:
807:
803:
792:
788:
785:
782:
780:
776:
773:
769:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
740:of ≈1.32 g/cm
739:
735:
731:
728:
727:transcription
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
670:
669:gene overlaps
666:
659:
655:
652:
648:
645:
641:
637:
635:
632:
628:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
586:
582:
578:
577:
576:
574:
570:
569:
559:
552:
550:
548:
544:
543:cell membrane
539:
538:concentration
535:
534:nucleoprotein
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
477:
469:
462:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
434:
432:
430:
427:
424:
420:
417:
414:
410:
406:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:, Striavirus,
391:
386:
385:
380:
379:
374:
373:
369:
366:
362:
358:
355:
347:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:select agents
310:
308:
304:
301:and nonhuman
300:
296:
292:
291:Marburg virus
288:
284:
283:
279:
275:
271:
265:
223:
222:
211:
210:
206:
204:
203:
199:
197:
196:
192:
190:
189:
185:
183:
182:
178:
176:
175:
171:
170:
168:
163:
160:
159:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:
143:
140:
139:
136:
135:
131:
128:
127:
124:
123:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:
110:Orthornavirae
107:
104:
103:
100:
99:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
73:
68:
64:
61:
60:Marburg virus
57:
53:
49:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
24:
20:
5568:
5553:
5414:
5371:
5362:Mokola virus
5339:
5301:
5273:Retroviridae
5271:
5259:
5249:
5197:
5165:
5118:
5060:
5059:
5032:
5022:
4955:Bunyavirales
4953:
4870:Arenaviridae
4868:
4818:
4770:Bunyavirales
4768:
4723:
4703:
4689:Langat virus
4623:Flaviviridae
4621:
4612:Bhanja virus
4569:Bunyavirales
4567:
4532:
4432:
4404:Yellow fever
4392:Dengue fever
4312:Flaviviridae
4310:
4255:Tahyna virus
4220:Bwamba Fever
4197:Bunyavirales
4195:
4081:
4064:
4048:
4031:
4017:Mengla virus
3999:
3978:
3961:
3923:The Hot Zone
3921:
3865:
3809:Marburgvirus
3807:
3764:The Hot Zone
3762:
3752:
3740:(1996 novel)
3734:
3724:
3714:
3702:The Hot Zone
3700:
3646:Kent Brantly
3476:
3462:
3448:
3436:
3422:
3265:
3256:
3255:
3218:
3215:
3201:
3198:
3191:
3188:
3178:. Retrieved
3174:the original
3167:
3157:
3151:
3142:
3140:ICTV Report:
3139:
3113:
3094:
3075:
3056:
3034:. Retrieved
3029:
3020:
3008:. Retrieved
2994:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2926:. Retrieved
2922:
2912:
2903:
2893:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2801:
2795:
2785:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2702:(336): 336.
2699:
2695:
2685:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2428:cite journal
2409:
2399:
2385:cite journal
2348:
2344:
2334:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2240:
2236:
2223:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2149:
2100:
2096:
2058:
2029:
2022:
2003:
1996:
1977:
1971:
1960:. Retrieved
1956:the original
1945:
1934:. Retrieved
1930:the original
1919:
1908:. Retrieved
1904:the original
1893:
1882:. Retrieved
1872:
1861:. Retrieved
1851:
1824:
1820:
1768:
1764:
1757:Kobinger, GP
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1731:
1722:
1698:
1690:
1681:
1669:
1634:
1595:
1594:
1568:
1567:
1541:
1540:
1523:
1522:
1500:
1468:
1467:
1441:
1440:
1405:
1404:
1378:
1377:
1360:
1359:
1319:
1318:
1283:
1282:
1265:
1264:
1231:
1230:
1204:
1203:
1177:
1176:
1159:
1158:
1122:
1077:
1073:
1053:
1046:
1039:Xīlǎng virus
1031:
1024:
1001:
996:Marburgvirus
994:
979:
964:
949:
942:Reston virus
934:
919:
904:
897:
890:Měnglà virus
882:
875:
868:Lloviu virus
860:
853:
834:
819:
761:glycosylated
756:
752:
749:glycoprotein
715:gene is not
712:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
572:
566:
564:
503:. The viral
497:nucleocapsid
482:
444:
438:
428:
418:
408:
402:
395:
390:Marburgvirus
388:
382:
376:
370:
356:
351:
311:
280:
220:
219:
218:
207:
200:
195:Marburgvirus
193:
186:
179:
172:
157:
156:
145:
133:
121:
109:
97:
90:
80:(unranked):
22:
5597:Filoviridae
5445:Filoviridae
5439:Wikispecies
5415:Filoviridae
5061:Filoviridae
4883:Lassa fever
4779:Adria virus
4477:Chikungunya
4434:Togaviridae
4364:Usutu virus
4286:Ngari virus
4210:Batai virus
4116:Wikispecies
4066:Thamnovirus
4001:Dianlovirus
3927:(1995 book)
3794:Ebola River
3758:(2016 film)
3748:(2014 meme)
3730:(1996 film)
3720:(1995 film)
3558:Triazavirin
3515:Favipiravir
3257:Filoviridae
3192:Taylor 1995
3152:Filoviridae
3143:Filoviridae
3036:13 December
1705:Ebola virus
1662:pseudogenes
1502:Thamnovirus
1048:Thamnovirus
987:Ebola virus
957:Sudan virus
877:Dianlovirus
842:Genus name
835:Filoviridae
817:neutralized
744:≈5 nm)
589:it infects
583:in certain
573:Filoviridae
509:transcribes
449:capitalized
445:Filoviridae
443:, the name
409:Filoviridae
396:Thamnovirus
378:Dianlovirus
357:Filoviridae
348:Use of term
287:Ebola virus
221:Filoviridae
209:Thamnovirus
181:Dianlovirus
158:Filoviridae
23:Filoviridae
5591:Categories
5373:Poxviridae
5303:Poxviridae
5223:SARS-CoV-2
4725:Reoviridae
4603:Tete virus
4534:Reoviridae
4416:Zika fever
4265:Tete virus
4163:(A80–B34,
4033:Striavirus
3963:Cuevavirus
3745:Ebola-chan
3629:Peter Piot
3596:rVSV-ZEBOV
3573:cAd3-ZEBOV
3540:Lamivudine
3340:in Nigeria
3330:in Liberia
3267:Ebolavirus
3180:2014-08-08
3010:10 October
2928:2020-05-03
2500:(1): 193.
1962:2011-10-16
1936:2011-10-16
1910:2011-10-16
1884:2011-10-16
1863:2011-10-16
1715:References
1658:marsupials
1026:Striavirus
1017:Ravn virus
899:Ebolavirus
855:Cuevavirus
717:homologous
649:it has an
579:it causes
545:. Virions
521:translated
485:life cycle
463:Life cycle
453:italicized
384:Ebolavirus
372:Cuevavirus
324:), by the
202:Striavirus
188:Ebolavirus
174:Cuevavirus
39:Ebolavirus
5382:Monkeypox
4174:Arthropod
3818:Outbreaks
3550:TKM-Ebola
3360:in the UK
3355:in the US
3325:in Guinea
3310:Responses
3277:Outbreaks
2968:0022-538X
2867:0820-3946
1666:orthologs
646:in length
638:it has a
627:cytoplasm
615:to cause
499:into the
489:receptors
423:taxonomic
316:, by the
105:Kingdom:
98:Riboviria
5627:Zoonoses
5424:Wikidata
5330:Multiple
5218:SARS-CoV
5208:MERS-CoV
4397:DENV-1-4
4185:Mosquito
4158:Zoonotic
3716:Outbreak
3591:Vaccines
3568:Vaccines
3553:(failed)
3350:in Spain
3300:Timeline
3206:Archived
3160:. 11266.
2986:30567978
2919:"Ervebo"
2900:"ERVEBO"
2885:29084758
2820:30117592
2777:39226335
2736:22093762
2677:39226335
2636:21124940
2585:20686665
2534:20569424
2475:39226335
2377:34808081
2326:25237605
2300:: e556.
2267:24040779
2215:23255795
2185:J. Virol
2127:21046175
1797:31021739
1740:July 28,
1678:Vaccines
1654:tarsiers
1288:(RESTV)
793:of ≈3.82
765:acylated
611:through
591:primates
585:primates
536:, whose
529:promoter
525:proteins
457:articles
429:-viridae
303:primates
153:Family:
117:Phylum:
5575:D016563
5332:vectors
5312:Tanapox
5261:B virus
5239:Primate
4758:Sandfly
4584:(CCHFV)
4165:042–079
4106:Commons
4075:Species
4042:Species
4010:Species
3972:Species
3948:Marburg
3906:FGI-106
3901:FGI-103
3896:BCX4430
3859:Species
3754:93 Days
3530:FGI-106
3525:FGI-104
3520:FGI-103
3500:BCX4430
3416:Species
3335:in Mali
3168:FILOVIR
3005:Reuters
2977:6401435
2876:5662448
2828:9988154
2727:3229293
2704:Bibcode
2627:2987831
2576:2912400
2525:2906475
2502:Bibcode
2410:bioRxiv
2368:8632185
2317:4157239
2275:9873900
2258:9151191
2206:3571414
2118:3074192
1843:7118520
1788:7011696
1650:tenrecs
1642:rodents
1505:
1270:(SUDV)
1236:(BOMV)
1182:(TAFV)
1164:(BDBV)
1127:
1063:(HUJV)
1041:(XILV)
1019:(RAVV)
1011:(MARV)
914:(BOMV)
892:(MLAV)
870:(LLOV)
833:Family
821:in vivo
797:10; an
660:of ≈4.2
621:rodents
617:disease
609:adapted
501:cytosol
295:disease
276:in the
268:) is a
165:Genera
141:Order:
129:Class:
5524:600065
5498:107125
5430:Q46305
5350:Rabies
5292:HTLV-2
5287:HTLV-1
5241:-borne
5129:Rabies
5051:-borne
4860:-borne
4858:Rodent
4849:-borne
4847:Mammal
4781:(ADRV)
4760:-borne
4559:-borne
4187:-borne
4176:-borne
4019:(MLAV)
3545:mAb114
3120:
3101:
3082:
3063:
2984:
2974:
2966:
2883:
2873:
2865:
2826:
2818:
2775:
2734:
2724:
2675:
2634:
2624:
2583:
2573:
2532:
2522:
2473:
2375:
2365:
2324:
2314:
2273:
2265:
2255:
2213:
2203:
2162:
2158:–671.
2125:
2115:
2065:
2036:
2010:
1984:
1841:
1795:
1785:
1671:Myotis
1646:shrews
1499:
1121:
755:- and
707:5'-UTR
675:3'-UTR
640:genome
603:nature
493:fusion
426:suffix
368:genera
354:family
299:humans
270:family
5564:1D60
5519:WoRMS
5511:11266
5493:IRMNG
5459:62448
5090:ZEBOV
4994:THAIV
4482:CHIKV
3584:Drugs
3563:ZMapp
3535:JK-05
3510:DZNep
3443:RESTV
2954:(6).
2816:JSTOR
2294:PeerJ
2271:S2CID
2233:(PDF)
629:of a
517:mRNAs
513:genes
419:filum
413:Latin
400:order
365:virus
359:is a
278:order
91:Realm
84:Virus
5570:MeSH
5506:NCBI
5485:7759
5480:GBIF
5472:5024
5355:RABV
5156:CHPV
5144:DUVV
5139:MOKV
5134:ABLV
5107:RAVV
5102:MARV
5085:TAFV
5080:SUDV
5075:BDBV
5006:ANDV
4989:AMRV
4984:SEOV
4979:PUUV
4974:HTNV
4969:DOBV
4944:CHPV
4939:LUJV
4933:MACV
4922:SABV
4910:JUNV
4899:GTOV
4888:LASV
4738:CTFV
4693:LGTV
4682:AHFV
4678:KFDV
4668:OHFV
4653:POWV
4641:TBEV
4557:Tick
4493:ONNV
4471:VEEV
4461:WEEV
4451:EEEV
4421:ZIKV
4368:USUV
4358:SLEV
4347:KUNV
4342:MVEV
4300:RVFV
4290:NRIV
4280:BUNV
4259:TAHV
4249:LACV
4224:BWAV
4214:BATV
3985:LLOV
3878:RAVV
3873:MARV
3483:EBOV
3470:TAFV
3456:SUDV
3430:BDBV
3385:2017
3380:2014
3118:ISBN
3099:ISBN
3080:ISBN
3061:ISBN
3038:2021
3012:2014
2982:PMID
2964:ISSN
2881:PMID
2863:ISSN
2824:PMID
2773:PMID
2732:PMID
2673:PMID
2632:PMID
2581:PMID
2530:PMID
2471:PMID
2434:link
2391:link
2373:PMID
2322:PMID
2263:PMID
2211:PMID
2160:ISBN
2123:PMID
2063:ISBN
2034:ISBN
2008:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1839:PMID
1793:PMID
1742:2018
1699:The
1693:EBOV
1638:bats
763:and
738:CsCl
713:VP24
711:its
699:VP24
695:VP30
687:VP40
683:VP35
642:≈19
634:cell
631:host
599:bats
595:pigs
575:if:
511:the
435:Note
416:noun
394:and
352:The
289:and
5555:ICD
5467:EoL
5454:CoL
5186:NiV
5181:HeV
5149:LBV
5049:Bat
5011:SNV
4516:RRV
4409:YFV
4379:WNV
4330:JEV
4234:CEV
2972:PMC
2956:doi
2904:FDA
2871:PMC
2855:doi
2851:189
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