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Johann
Gottfried Galle at the Berlin Observatory. Over the course of two nights in 1846, Galle found and identified Neptune as a planet, less than a degree from Le Verrier's predicted position. The discovery was hailed as a major success for Newton's theory of gravity and the understanding of the universe.
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The snapshots show that
Neptune has more clouds than a few years ago, when most of the clouds were in the southern hemisphere. These Hubble views reveal that the cloud activity is shifting to the northern hemisphere. It is early summer in the southern hemisphere and winter in the northern hemisphere.
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of
England, who were mathematicians and astronomers, independently predicted the location of the mystery planet by measuring how the gravity of a hypothetical unseen object could affect Uranus's path. Le Verrier sent a note describing his predicted location of the new planet to the German astronomer
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A faint, dark band near the bottom of the southern hemisphere is probably caused by a decrease in the hazes in the atmosphere that scatter blue light. The band was imaged by NASA's
Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1989, and may be tied to circumpolar circulation created by high-velocity winds in that region.
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recorded
Neptune in his notebook, but as a star. More than a month later, in January 1613, he noted that the "star" appeared to have moved relative to other stars. But Galileo never identified Neptune as a planet, and apparently did not follow up those observations, so he failed to be credited with
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and his sister
Caroline found Uranus in 1781, 55 years before Neptune was spotted. Shortly after the discovery, Herschel noticed that the orbit of Uranus did not match the predictions of Newton's theory of gravity. Studying Uranus in 1821, French astronomer
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on June 25-26, during the planet's 16-hour rotation. The snapshots were taken at roughly four-hour intervals, offering a full view of the planet. The images reveal high-altitude clouds in the northern and southern hemispheres. The clouds are composed of
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351:. NASA Hubble material (and ESA Hubble material prior to 2009) is copyright-free and may be freely used as in the public domain without fee, on the condition that only NASA, STScI, and/or ESA is credited as the source of the material.
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The temperature difference between
Neptune's strong internal heat source and its frigid cloud tops, about minus 260 degrees Fahrenheit, might trigger instabilities in the atmosphere that drive large-scale weather changes.
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The giant planet experiences seasons just as Earth does, because it is tilted 29 degrees, similar to Earth's 23-degree-tilt. Instead of lasting a few months, each of
Neptune's seasons continues for about 40 years.
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In the Hubble images, absorption of red light by methane in
Neptune's atmosphere gives the planet its distinctive aqua color. The clouds are tinted pink because they are reflecting near-infrared light.
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discovered the planet on
September 23, 1846. At the time, the discovery doubled the size of the known solar system. The planet is 2.8 billion miles (4.5 billion kilometers) from the
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The material was created for NASA by Space Telescope Science Institute under Contract NAS5-26555, or for ESA by the Hubble European Space Agency Information Centre.
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has arrived at the same location in space where it was discovered nearly 165 (Earth) years before (i.e. 1 Neptunian year). To commemorate the event, NASA's
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has arrived at the same location in space where it was discovered nearly 165 (Earth) years before (i.e. 1 Neptunian year). To commemorate the event, NASA's
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255:, launched in 2009 to hunt for Earth-size planets, is finding increasingly smaller extrasolar planets, including many the size of Neptune.
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Neptune is not visible to the naked eye, but may be seen in binoculars or a small telescope. It can be found in the constellation
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This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.
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that led astronomers to Neptune. Uranus, the seventh planet from the Sun, is Neptune's inner neighbor. British astronomer
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This license does not apply if ESA material created after 2008 or source material from other organizations is in use.
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If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.
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The following pages on the English Knowledge (XXG) use this file (pages on other projects are not listed):
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date QS:P,+2011-06-00T00:00:00Z/10,P1319,+2011-06-25T00:00:00Z/11,P1326,+2011-06-26T00:00:00Z/11
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Neptune-mass planets orbiting other stars may be common in our Milky Way galaxy. NASA's
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speculated that another planet was tugging on the giant planet, altering its motion.
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Galle was not the first to see Neptune. In December 1612, while observing
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has taken these "anniversary pictures" of the blue-green giant planet.
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The four sides of Neptune (captured by the Hubble Space Telescope).tif
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These four Hubble images of Neptune were taken with the
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and its moons with his handmade telescope, astronomer
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
