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more rapidly than the natural lighting and increase contrast. If moved off axis the flash becomes a "key" light and can be used to create a higher contrast directional lighting pattern on the face. The greater the amount of off-axis flash added, the darker the shadows will become after exposure is adjusted for normal-looking highlights.
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modeling clues. Near-axis flash indoors and outdoors looks unnatural because natural light comes from overhead putting specular highlights higher on round surfaces like cheeks and creating downward and sideways shadow clues which, combined, help the brain interpret the 3D shape of objects in 2D photographs.
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Faces oriented towards the sun at midday will usually have dark shadows in the eye sockets due to the steep downward angle of the sun and the preference of the subjects not to be blinded by the sun. When near-axis fill flash is added in that situation it hits the shaded eyes and sunlit face equally
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Depending on the distance to the subject, using the full power of the flash may greatly overexpose the subject especially at close range. Certain cameras allow the level of flash to be manually adjusted e.g. 1/3, 1/2, or 1/8 power, so that both the foreground and background are correctly exposed, or
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In sunny backlight, the problem is more contrast than the camera can handle. But on an overcast day, the problem is a lack of contrast. In overcast conditions adding flash will have the net effect of making the shadows darker. Even if the flash is near-axis fill flash it will fall off front-to-back
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So while near-axis fill works in the technical sense and works fine for general candid shooting it isn't the ideal strategy for a close-up portrait where the eyes are a more critical focal point. The more ideal strategy for portraits is open shade or backlit which allows the subject to raise their
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More natural-looking single flash results can be obtained by raising the flash vertically to create a more natural downward angle, but keeping it centered. This is usually preferable when photographing people because it hides most of the shadows, especially the very distracting nose shadow. In this
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so the eyes will always remain darker than the face. What happens on a cause-and-effect level is the flash acts like fill and more key light where it overlaps. The eyes will seem brighter due to the addition of catchlight reflections from the flash but they will still look dull and lifeless.
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The advantage of using a fill flash located near the lens axis is "normalizing" exposure in situations like backlighting which exceed the ability of the camera to handle the contrast of the lighting. The disadvantage is the same one seen in indoor near-axis flash shots; a lack of directional
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Bouncing a flash from a surface above the subject, such as a ceiling, creates the same downward modeling direction but isn't a strategy that can be used outdoors. When the flash is moved off-axis or bounced to create directional modeling its role changes from "fill" to that of "key" light.
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case, the shadow is mostly hidden down below the nose and not noticed. The reason for not moving a single flash off-axis sideways rather than vertically is that any shadows the flash creates will be unfilled, dark, and potentially unflattering if poorly placed on a subject's face.
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technique used to brighten deep shadow areas, typically outdoors on sunny days, though the technique is useful any time the background is significantly brighter than the subject of the photograph, particularly in
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include a fill flash mode that forces the flash to fire, even in bright light.
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53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1543:Comparison of digital and film photography
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1763:Photographs considered the most important
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
184:Pros and cons of near-axis fill flash
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165:is fired to lighten the foreground.
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1758:Museums devoted to one photographer
214:Flash could make the shadows darker
1305:Timeline of photography technology
149:subjects. To use fill flash, the
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201:Overlapping flash on sunlit faces
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176:allow an automatic flash
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1360:Photography and the law
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1707:Gelatin silver process
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155:shutter speed
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107:December 2009
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68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1828:Polaroid art
1722:K-14 process
1717:Instant film
1712:Gum printing
1667:C-41 process
1652:Photographic
1553:Image sensor
1548:Film scanner
1202:Sun printing
1135:Print toning
1029:
922:space selfie
892:Pictorialism
822:Ethnographic
802:Conservation
674:Guide number
669:Focal length
217:
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204:
195:
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187:
174:
167:
142:photographic
137:
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113:
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94:
87:
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66:"Fill flash"
61:
45:Please help
33:
1833:Stereoscopy
1697:E-6 process
1692:Dye coupler
1625:color space
1538:Digiscoping
1531:camera back
1446:Philippines
1375:Visual arts
1365:Glass plate
1350:Heliography
1249:Composition
1224:Ultraviolet
1180:Stereoscopy
1175:Slow motion
1160:Scanography
1075:Kite aerial
1015:Contre-jour
907:Post-mortem
897:Pornography
877:Neues Sehen
812:Documentary
746:Zone System
721:Reciprocity
647:Film format
577:Backscatter
555:Terminology
425:beauty dish
324:rangefinder
289:light-field
270:Photography
1823:Lomography
1654:processing
1603:Print film
1519:comparison
1486:Uzbekistan
1436:Luxembourg
1396:Bangladesh
1345:Dufaycolor
1325:Box camera
1282:Simplicity
1239:Zoom burst
1234:Xerography
1229:Vignetting
1219:Time-lapse
1207:Tilt–shift
1100:Mordançage
1090:Luminogram
1055:Holography
1050:High-speed
1030:Fill flash
1010:Burst mode
988:Techniques
969:Vernacular
964:Underwater
959:Toy camera
939:Still life
867:Monochrome
857:High-speed
807:Cloudscape
797:Conceptual
699:Photograph
684:Lens flare
664:Film speed
546:Zone plate
492:wide-angle
477:long-focus
229:Fill light
138:Fill flash
77:newspapers
1773:Norwegian
1737:Stop bath
1682:Developer
1310:Ambrotype
1272:Lead room
1195:Slit-scan
1130:Photogram
1125:Panoramic
1035:Fireworks
1020:Cyanotype
862:Landscape
507:telephoto
455:reflector
450:monolight
445:lens hood
430:cucoloris
366:safelight
277:Equipment
34:does not
1878:Category
1852:Category
1558:CMOS APS
1456:Slovenia
1384:Regional
1330:Calotype
1267:Headroom
1145:Redscale
1060:Infrared
1005:Brenizer
979:Wildlife
902:Portrait
847:Forensic
837:Fine-art
772:Aircraft
762:Abstract
642:F-number
622:Exposure
597:Clipping
572:Aperture
440:hot shoe
361:enlarger
356:Darkroom
223:See also
151:aperture
1863:Outline
1799:Related
1491:Vietnam
1476:Ukraine
1411:Denmark
1391:Albania
1370:Tintype
1297:History
1262:Framing
1155:Rollout
1120:Panning
1070:Kirlian
974:Wedding
852:Glamour
832:Fashion
817:Eclipse
787:Banquet
709:Albumen
519:Monopod
497:fisheye
465:softbox
314:pinhole
304:instant
294:digital
147:backlit
91:scholar
55:removed
40:sources
1861:
1850:
1783:street
1778:Polish
1471:Turkey
1466:Taiwan
1451:Serbia
1441:Norway
1416:Greece
1401:Canada
995:Afocal
954:Street
934:Sports
917:Selfie
872:Nature
827:Erotic
792:Candid
767:Aerial
755:Genres
657:medium
534:Tripod
502:swivel
415:Filter
393:holder
388:format
284:Camera
159:expose
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1788:women
1746:Lists
1702:Fixer
1585:Pixel
1514:D-SLR
1461:Sudan
1431:Korea
1426:Japan
1421:India
1406:China
1190:Strip
1115:Night
1095:Macro
1000:Bokeh
944:Stock
912:Ruins
652:large
482:prime
460:snoot
420:Flash
398:stock
373:Drone
334:still
319:press
309:phone
299:field
168:Most
163:flash
140:is a
98:JSTOR
84:books
1811:film
1526:MILC
1025:ETTR
882:Nude
842:Fire
741:Sync
539:head
487:zoom
472:Lens
435:gobo
383:base
378:Film
349:view
153:and
70:news
38:any
36:cite
1563:CCD
344:toy
339:TLR
329:SLR
49:by
1880::
180:.
262:e
255:t
248:v
120:)
114:(
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105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
57:.
43:.
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