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927:: in the beginning of June, WikiTables, a company that buys and resells tables, sold 2 tables. They'd originally bought the tables for $ 25 each, and sold them at a price of $ 50 per table. The first table was paid out in cash however the second one was bought in credit terms. WikiTables' cash flow statement for the month of June looks like this:
1444:
Crediting a credit Thus -------------------------> account increases its absolute value (balance) Debiting a debit
Debiting a credit Thus -------------------------> account decreases its absolute
1236:
Historical Cost
Accounting, i.e., financial capital maintenance in nominal monetary units, is based on the stable measuring unit assumption under which accountants simply assume that money, the monetary unit of measure, is perfectly stable in real value for the purpose of measuring (1) monetary items
1065:
assets and liabilities separately from non-current amounts. A GAAP-compliant balance sheet must list assets and liabilities based on decreasing liquidity, from most liquid to least liquid. As a result, current assets/liabilities are listed first followed by non-current assets/liabilities. However, an
1301:
businessman is not only interested in knowing the result of the business in terms of profits or loss for a particular period but is also anxious to know that what he owes (liability) to the outsiders and what he owns (assets) on a certain date. To know this, accountant prepares a financial position
1199:
This statement is additional to the three main statements described above. It shows how the distribution of income and transfer of dividends affects the wealth of shareholders in the company. The concept of retained earnings means profits of previous years that are accumulated till current period.
835:
Relevance is the capacity of the financial information to influence the decision of its users. The ingredients of relevance are the predictive value and confirmatory value. Materiality is a sub-quality of relevance. Information is considered material if its omission or misstatement could influence
1448:
When the same thing is done to an account as its normal balance it increases; when the opposite is done, it will decrease. Much like signs in math: two positive numbers are added and two negative numbers are also added. It is only when there is one positive and one negative (opposites) that you
1294:
accountant prepares profit and loss account to know the result of business operations for a particular period of time. If expenses exceed revenue then it is said that the business is running under loss. The profit and loss account helps the management and different stakeholders in taking rational
842:
Faithful representation means that the actual effects of the transactions shall be properly accounted for and reported in the financial statements. The words and numbers must match what really happened in the transaction. The ingredients of faithful representation are completeness, neutrality and
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In financial accounting, cost classification based on type of transactions, e.g. salaries, repairs, insurance, stores etc. In cost accounting, classification is basically on the basis of functions, activities, products, process and on internal planning and control and information needs of the
1315:
by preparing the balance sheet, management not only reveals what is owned and owed by the enterprise, but also it gives the information regarding concern's ability to meet its liabilities in the short run (liquidity position) and also in the long-run (solvency position) as and when they fall
824:
Financial accounting is the preparation of financial statements that can be consumed by the public and the relevant stakeholders. Financial information would be useful to users if such qualitative characteristics are present. When producing financial statements, the following must comply:
1231:
The unit of measure in accounting shall be the base money unit of the most relevant currency. This principle also assumes the unit of measure is stable; that is, changes in its general purchasing power are not considered sufficiently important to require adjustments to the basic financial
1287:
basic objective of accounting is to systematically record the financial aspects of business transactions (i.e. book-keeping). These recorded transactions are later on classified and summarized logically for the preparation of financial statements and for their analysis and
905:: in the beginning of September, Ellen started out with $ 5 in her bank account. During that same month, Ellen borrowed $ 20 from Tom. At the end of the month, Ellen bought a pair of shoes for $ 7. Ellen's cash flow statement for the month of September looks like this:
1502:
Financial accounting aims at presenting 'true and fair' view of transactions, profit and loss for a period and
Statement of financial position (Balance Sheet) on a given date. It aims at computing 'true and fair' view of the cost of production/services offered by the
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accounting as a 'language of business' communicates the financial result of an enterprise to various stakeholders by means of financial statements. Accounting aims to meet the financial information needs of the decision-makers and helps them in rational
775:(GAAP) is the standard framework of guidelines for financial accounting used in any given jurisdiction. It includes the standards, conventions and rules that accountants follow in recording and summarizing and in the preparation of financial statements.
1043:(capital) at a set point in time, usually the end of the fiscal year reported on the accompanying income statement. The total assets always equal the total combined liabilities and equity. This statement best demonstrates the basic accounting equation:
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Financial accounting aims at finding out results of accounting year in the form of Profit and Loss
Account and Balance Sheet. Cost Accounting aims at computing cost of production/service in a scientific manner and facilitate cost control and cost
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The stable monetary unit assumption is not applied during hyperinflation. IFRS requires entities to implement capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing power in terms of IAS 29 Financial
Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies.
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Comparability is the uniform application of accounting methods across entities in the same industry. The principle of consistency is under comparability. Consistency is the uniform application of accounting across points in time within an
1191:. For a corporation, the owner's equity portion usually shows common stock, and retained earnings (earnings kept in the company). Retained earnings come from the retained earnings statement, prepared prior to the balance sheet.
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IFRS-compliant balance sheet must list assets/liabilities based on increasing liquidity, from least liquid to most liquid. As a result, non-current assets/liabilities are listed first followed by current assets/liabilities.
1368:). Financial statements display the income and expenditure for the company and a summary of the assets, liabilities, and shareholders' or owners' equity of the company on the date to which the accounts were prepared.
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Verifiability implies consensus between the different knowledgeable and independent users of financial information. Such information must be supported by sufficient evidence to follow the principle of objectivity.
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The statement can be used to help show the financial position of a company because liability accounts are external claims on the firm's assets while equity accounts are internal claims on the firm's assets.
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Owner's equity, sometimes referred to as net assets, is represented differently depending on the type of business ownership. Business ownership can be in the form of a sole proprietorship, partnership, or a
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European
Accounting Association, Response to Question 26, Comment Letter to the Discussion Paper regarding the Review of the Conceptual Framework, on Page 2 of comment letters, dated 2014-01-24
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not inflation-indexed daily in terms of the Daily CPI and (2) constant real value non-monetary items not updated daily in terms of the Daily CPI during low and high inflation and deflation.
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decisions. For example, if business is not proved to be remunerative or profitable, the cause of such a state of affairs can be investigated by the management for taking remedial steps.
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To provide financial information that is useful to existing and potential investors, lenders and other creditors in making decisions about providing resources to the reporting entity.
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782:(IFRS) is a set of accounting standards stating how particular types of transactions and other events should be reported in financial statements. IFRS are issued by the
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The statement of cash flows considers the inputs and outputs in concrete cash within a stated period. The general template of a cash flow statement is as follows:
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While financial accounting is used to prepare accounting information for people outside the organization or not involved in the day-to-day running of the company,
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Understandability means that accounting reports should be expressed as clearly as possible and should be understood by those to whom the information is relevant.
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statement of assets and liabilities of the business at a particular point of time and helps in ascertaining the financial health of the business.
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However, there are instances of accounts, known as contra-accounts, which have a normal balance opposite that listed above. Examples include:
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Financial accountants produce financial statements based on the accounting standards in a given jurisdiction. These standards may be the
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Current assets are the most liquid assets of a firm, which are expected to be realized within a 12-month period. Current assets include:
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concerned with the summary, analysis and reporting of financial transactions related to a business. This involves the preparation of
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Accounting standards often set out a general format that companies are expected to follow when presenting their balance sheets.
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How much WikiTables received in cash for the first table. They didn't receive cash for the second table (sold in credit terms).
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1436:. . \________________________/ \______________________________________________________/ increased by
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Financial accounting reports the results and position of business to government, creditors, investors, and external parties.
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1352:, forms the basis for preparing the financial statements. All the figures in the trial balance are rearranged to prepare a
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producing information used by the management of a business entity for decision making, planning and performance evaluation
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Paul H. Walgenbach, Norman E. Dittrich and Ernest I. Hanson, (1973), New York: Harcourt Grace
Javonovich, Inc. Page 429.
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Alexander, D., Britton, A., Jorissen, A., "International
Financial Reporting and Analysis", Second Edition, 2005,
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Timeliness implies that financial information must be presented to the users before a decision is to be made.
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Merchandise inventory - consists of goods and services a firm currently owns until it ends up getting sold
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Cost
Accounting is an internal reporting system for an organisation's own management for decision making.
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1. According to
International Financial Reporting Standards: the objective of financial reporting is:
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Many professional accountancy qualifications cover the field of financial accountancy, including
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accounts have normal credit balances (i.e., crediting these types of accounts increases them).
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are examples of people interested in receiving such information for decision making purposes.
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accounts have normal debit balances (i.e., debiting these types of accounts increases them).
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The statement of profit or income statement represents the changes in value of a company's
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Larry M. Walther, Christopher J. Skousen, "Long-Term Assets", Ventus Publishing ApS, 2009
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provides accounting information to help managers make decisions to manage the business.
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Financial accountancy is governed by both local and international accounting standards.
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Indeed, the cash flow for the month of June for WikiTables amounts to $ 0 and not $ 50.
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of a respective country, which are typically issued by a national standard setter, or
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the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements.
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in financial reporting has become more prevalent between global organizations.
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One of the basic principles in accounting is "The Measuring Unit principle":
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Financial accounting and financial reporting are often used as synonyms.
1341:) and financial statements are the main topics of financial accounting.
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1719:"GAAP VS. IFRS: WHAT ARE THE KEY DIFFERENCES AND WHICH SHOULD YOU USE?"
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786:(IASB). With IFRS becoming more widespread on the international scene,
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Capital maintenance is a competing objective of financial reporting.
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producing financial statements for meeting regulatory requirements.
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Important: the cash flow statement only considers the exchange of
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free from error. It signifies that the accountants have acted in
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1360:. Accounting standards determine the format for these accounts (
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Providing information to the users for rational decision-making:
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Statement of retained earnings (statement of changes in equity)
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cash, and ignores what the person in question owes or is owed.
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The balance sheet is the financial statement showing a firm's
985:, often reported as "net loss" when income is less than zero.
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Cash Inflow - Cash Outflow + Opening Balance = Closing Balance
29:
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1813:. The Institute of Cost Accountants of India. p. 17.
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Ascertainment of result of above recorded transactions:
1097:- expenses paid for in advance for use during that year
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2. According to the European Accounting Association:
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Ascertainment of the financial position of business:
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Financial accounting serves the following purposes:
1091:- expected to be held less than one financial period
1998:
1967:
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947:Closing balance: $ 50 – 2*$ 25 + $ 0 = $ 50–50=$ 0
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How much they'd originally bought the 2 tables for.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1522:American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
1465:Contra-revenue accounts (such as sales allowances)
1462:and allowances for bad debt or obsolete inventory)
1000:– selling, general, administrative expenses (SGA)
1200:Basic proforma for this statement is as follows:
1684:"IAS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements"
1268:producing general purpose financial statements
1061:(IFRS) normally require that companies report
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1597:"Financial Accounting - Definition from KWHS"
1203:Retained earnings at the beginning of period
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8:
1811:Cost and Management Accounting. Intermediate
1445:value (balance) Crediting a debit
1477:Financial accounting versus cost accounting
1255:International Financial Reporting Standards
1059:International Financial Reporting Standards
780:International Financial Reporting Standards
418:International Financial Reporting Standards
1901:
1887:
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703:
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1545:Constant item purchasing power accounting
1212:= Retained earnings at the end of period.
988:The net profit or loss is determined by:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1654:IFRS Conceptual Framework(2010) Par. OB2
1428:\ . . . Dr
1259:International Accounting Standards Board
1251:Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
919:Closing balance: $ 20 – $ 7 + $ 5 = $ 18
884:Three components of financial statements
827:Fundamental Qualitative Characteristics:
784:International Accounting Standards Board
773:Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
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1573:, the other main division of accounting
1082:- revenues earned but not yet collected
143:
1599:. The Wharton School. 28 February 2011
1348:, which is usually prepared using the
1010:= earnings before interest and taxes (
852:Enhancing Qualitative Characteristics:
1285:Systematic recording of transactions:
1124:equipment (such as factory machinery)
977:over a set period (most commonly one
847:during the process of representation.
408:Generally-accepted auditing standards
7:
1863:Introduction to Financial Accounting
1829:Introduction to Financial Accounting
1770:Fundamentals of financial accounting
1520:(CA or other national designations,
58:adding citations to reliable sources
423:International Standards on Auditing
1743:Malhotra, DK; Poteau, Ray (2016).
1279:Objectives of financial accounting
1241:Units of constant purchasing power
967:Statement of financial performance
25:
1865:, Thomas Edison State University.
1628:. IFRS Foundation. Archived from
480:Notes to the financial statements
1468:Contra-equity accounts (such as
1257:(IFRS), which are issued by the
428:Management Accounting Principles
151:
34:
1514:Certified Public Accountant CPA
1458:Contra-asset accounts (such as
1223:The stable measuring assumption
1167:interest (e.g. on debt) payable
1025:Statement of financial position
45:needs additional citations for
1985:Statement of changes in equity
1723:Harvard Business School Online
1717:Gavin, Matt (30 August 2019).
1529:Chartered Certified Accountant
1350:double-entry accounting system
1313:To know the solvency position:
1:
1048:Assets = Liabilities + Equity
403:Generally-accepted principles
1206:+ Net Income for the period
1017:– interest and tax expenses
1619:"Who We Are - January 2015"
1354:profit & loss statement
1101:Non-current assets include
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1555:Historical cost accounting
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740:available for public use.
1164:employee salaries payable
272:Constant purchasing power
169:Constant purchasing power
1831:, Athabasca University,
1768:Fred., Phillips (2011).
1560:Philosophy of accounting
1460:accumulated depreciation
1114:fixed (long term) assets
1105:or long-term assets and
840:Faithful Representation:
603:Accounting organizations
591:People and organizations
1949:Governmental accounting
1747:. Academic Publishing.
890:Statement of cash flows
351:Amortization (business)
1745:Financial Accounting I
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1177:mortgage notes payable
1158:trade accounts payable
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814:
69:"Financial accounting"
1934:Management accounting
1571:Management accounting
1508:Related qualification
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1173:long term liabilities
1149:Liabilities include:
937:Cash outflow: $ 50 -
892:(cash flow statement)
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795:managerial accounting
475:Management discussion
2062:Financial accounting
1924:Financial accounting
1842:Financial Accounting
1518:Chartered Accountant
1416:(profit) Cr
943:Opening balance: $ 0
931:Cash inflow: $ 50 -
915:Opening balance: $ 5
738:financial statements
730:Financial accounting
442:Financial statements
395:Accounting standards
54:improve this article
2026:Capital expenditure
1990:Cash flow statement
1939:Forensic accounting
1327:accounting equation
1154:current liabilities
1080:accounts receivable
778:On the other hand,
758:government agencies
668:Earnings management
638:Positive accounting
512:Double-entry system
502:Bank reconciliation
307:Revenue recognition
27:Field of accounting
2016:Cost of goods sold
2006:Debits and credits
1850:10.24926/8668.0701
1670:2014-07-29 at the
1565:Accounting analyst
1321:Graphic definition
1089:Investee companies
996:cost of goods sold
871:Understandability:
643:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
578:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
507:Debits and credits
342:Cost of goods sold
297:Matching principle
18:Financial accounts
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2021:Operating expense
1954:Social accounting
1874:978-1-84480-201-2
1857:978-1-946135-10-0
1837:978-0-9953266-4-4
1426:Retained Earnings
1414:Retained Earnings
1161:dividends payable
1130:intangible assets
1107:intangible assets
909:Cash inflow: $ 20
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688:Two sets of books
683:Off-balance-sheet
325:Selected accounts
262:Accounting period
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848:
837:
802:
799:
725:
724:
722:
721:
714:
707:
699:
696:
695:
691:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
659:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
646:
645:
640:
635:
630:
624:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
611:
610:
605:
600:
594:
593:
590:
589:
586:
585:
581:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
554:
553:
548:
547:
544:
543:
539:
538:
533:
531:General ledger
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
498:
497:
492:
491:
488:
487:
483:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
446:
445:
440:
439:
436:
435:
431:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
399:
398:
393:
392:
389:
388:
384:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
344:
339:
334:
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
315:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
245:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
182:
181:
176:
171:
166:
160:
157:
156:
148:
147:
141:
140:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2074:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:Balance sheet
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1779:9780073527109
1775:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1736:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1635:on 1 May 2015
1631:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1501:
1499:organization.
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1440:increased by
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1424:Cr Beginning
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1358:balance sheet
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:trial balance
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1180:bonds payable
1179:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
998:
997:
992:
989:
986:
984:
980:
976:
968:
965:
963:
961:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
940:
936:
934:
930:
929:
928:
926:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
907:
906:
904:
900:
899:
891:
888:
883:
878:
875:
872:
869:
865:
862:
859:
856:
855:
854:
853:
846:
841:
838:
834:
831:
830:
829:
828:
821:
817:
813:
809:
806:
800:
798:
796:
791:
789:
785:
781:
776:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
720:
715:
713:
708:
706:
701:
700:
698:
697:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
673:Error account
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
653:
652:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
618:
617:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
588:
587:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
551:
546:
545:
537:
536:Trial balance
534:
532:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
517:FIFO and LIFO
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
495:
490:
489:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
455:Balance sheet
453:
451:
450:Annual report
448:
447:
443:
438:
437:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
400:
396:
391:
390:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
322:
321:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
287:Going concern
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
252:
251:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
187:
186:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
159:
158:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2036:Gross income
2031:Depreciation
1923:
1810:
1805:
1796:
1769:
1763:
1744:
1738:
1726:. Retrieved
1722:
1712:
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1678:
1660:
1649:
1637:. Retrieved
1630:the original
1625:
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1591:
1511:
1452:
1447:
1418:Common Stock
1384:
1370:
1343:
1324:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1263:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1232:statements."
1230:
1226:
1213:
1211:
1209:- Dividends
1208:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1185:
1172:
1153:
1148:
1129:
1113:
1100:
1068:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1030:
1019:
1016:
1009:
1005:depreciation
1002:
999:
993:
990:
987:
972:
959:
957:
952:
950:
946:
938:
932:
924:
923:
918:
902:
901:
897:
895:
876:
870:
863:
857:
851:
850:
839:
832:
826:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
804:
792:
787:
777:
770:
766:stakeholders
764:, and other
742:Stockholders
729:
728:
608:Luca Pacioli
529: /
349: /
347:Depreciation
255:Key concepts
227:Governmental
216:
116:
110:October 2007
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1577:Bookkeeping
1410:Liabilities
1335:Liabilities
1189:corporation
1037:liabilities
979:fiscal year
877:Timeliness:
788:consistency
621:Development
598:Accountants
494:Bookkeeping
413:Convergence
371:Liabilities
302:Materiality
190:Major types
2041:Net income
1968:Statements
1910:Accounting
1728:2 November
1583:References
1489:reduction.
1481:See also:
1137:trademarks
1134:copyrights
983:net income
845:good faith
833:Relevance:
801:Objectives
734:accounting
656:Misconduct
282:Fair value
232:Management
174:Management
145:Accounting
80:newspapers
1788:457010553
1430:Dividends
1386:Liability
925:Example 2
903:Example 1
754:employees
746:suppliers
678:Hollywood
558:Financial
460:Cash-flow
217:Financial
2056:Category
1668:Archived
1639:28 April
1626:IFRS.org
1539:See also
1422:Expenses
1380:dividend
1261:(IASB).
1143:goodwill
1121:building
1118:property
975:accounts
663:Creative
633:Research
563:Internal
550:Auditing
366:Goodwill
361:Expenses
212:Forensic
137:a series
135:Part of
2011:Revenue
1844:(2015)
1603:13 July
1550:DIRTI 5
1442:credits
1434:Revenue
1400:0 = Dr
1390:revenue
1376:expense
1364:, FRS,
1140:patents
1063:current
867:entity.
628:History
522:Journal
381:Revenue
267:Accrual
94:scholar
1872:
1855:
1835:
1786:
1776:
1751:
1693:May 9,
1438:debits
1402:Assets
1394:equity
1392:, and
1378:, and
1331:Assets
1041:equity
1033:assets
960:actual
573:Report
527:Ledger
470:Income
465:Equity
376:Profit
356:Equity
332:Assets
237:Social
202:Budget
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1999:Terms
1633:(PDF)
1622:(PDF)
1525:AICPA
1503:firm.
1372:Asset
1103:fixed
750:banks
568:Firms
197:Audit
101:JSTOR
87:books
1917:Type
1870:ISBN
1853:ISBN
1833:ISBN
1784:OCLC
1774:ISBN
1749:ISBN
1730:2020
1695:2017
1641:2015
1605:2018
1533:ACCA
1527:and
1366:IFRS
1362:SSAP
1356:and
1344:The
1325:The
1316:due.
1074:cash
1039:and
1012:EBIT
337:Cash
222:Fund
207:Cost
73:news
1846:doi
1535:).
1432:Cr
1408:Cr
1404:Cr
1109::
242:Tax
179:Tax
56:by
2058::
1782:.
1721:.
1686:.
1624:.
1516:,
1388:,
1374:,
1337:+
1333:=
1035:,
1014:)
1003:–
994:–
760:,
756:,
752:,
748:,
744:,
139:on
1902:e
1895:t
1888:v
1848::
1790:.
1757:.
1732:.
1697:.
1643:.
1607:.
1531:(
1472:)
1329:(
949:-
718:e
711:t
704:v
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
