282:(FTC) regulations state that, for an advertised offer to be lawful, the terms of the offer must be clear and conspicuous, not relegated to fine print. US FTC regulations state that unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce are unlawful. (15 USC § 45 (a)) In relevant part, they state that contingent conditions and obligations of an offer must be set forth clearly and conspicuously at the outset of the offer, and that disclosure of the terms of the offer set forth in a footnote of an advertisement to which reference is made by an asterisk or other symbol placed next to the offer, is not regarded as making disclosure at the outset. (16 CFR 251.1)
227:
509:: The warranties for many products, such as automobiles, are offered or sold with the promise that they will cover a large number of scenarios, should they occur, and often routine maintenance. But they are accompanied by fine print to exclude virtually all repairs that will likely be needed. The coverage for some routine maintenance may also be a lure in which the service center will intentionally damage the vehicle, unknown to its owner, thereby forcing the owner to return for additional costly repairs in the future.
541:: Many products are advertised with a price printed in large numbers. However, a higher price is printed above in much smaller numbers, and the large-print price is only given after a rebate. Initially, the customer must first pay the high price. In order for the rebate to be redeemed, the customer must then follow a set of instructions. In some cases, meeting all the requirements necessary in order to obtain the rebate may be difficult, and as a result, many rebates are denied.
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else the vehicle may be further damaged, or the price being for each individual part (such as a wheel), where the vehicle has several of that part all needing the service, and thereby multiplying the cost by that number. Many ads will also state in fine print "most cars," but in reality, most cars, including that of the customer seeking the service, will be excluded.
565:. In such a case, the fine print is displayed at the bottom of the screen in a manner where it is not noticeable to many viewers, or is displayed for such a short time that no one has the time to read the entire paragraph without an artificial means of stopping the commercial, i.e. record it or freeze frame it, such as with a
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for its increasing ruthlessness in its practices, which allow the banks seemingly unlimited rights to charge whatever fees they wish, to rewrite the terms and conditions faced by the consumer at will, and to not be challenged by the consumer in their practices. The consumer who initially obtained the
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contract may be bound to the contract for a specified period, subject to a large payment for early termination. Tickets for air travel may exclude taxes, luggage charges, and other unavoidable "extras". Some contracts—and sometimes services payable after a free trial period—automatically renew if not
450:, size or location of residence, the type of vehicle s/he owns, the amount of prior business s/he has done with that company, or the variety of the item s/he wishes to purchase. Often when this occurs, the limitations that render him/her ineligible will apply to an overwhelming majority of consumers.
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is less noticeable print smaller than the more obvious larger print it accompanies that advertises or otherwise describes or partially describes a commercial product or service. The larger print that is used in conjunction with fine print by the merchant often has the effect of deceiving the consumer
414:—it is often designed to be overlooked. The unsuspecting customer, who can instantly see all the attractive aspects of the offer, will, due to natural impulsive behavior, time constraints, and/or personal need, generally not bother to learn the caveats, instead focusing on the positives of the deal.
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Very frequently, consumers, eager to obtain a product or service they have the dire need or wish for, or that they have been coerced into obtaining, will sign their names on a binding contract. A court may find the consumer to be liable to the terms of the contract, although stated only by the fine
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products: These come in many forms. Often, companies either load their sales with a lot of fine print, or simply do not abide by their promises (the latter is technically illegal, but many are not worried because the amount they make from ripping people off usually makes up for the amount of fines
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or large signs outside their businesses for common maintenance and repair services, such as oil changes, tune-ups, and tires. These ads fail to mention factors that may raise that price, such as fees and add-ons for various services, mechanics telling customers more costly repairs are necessary or
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Fine print may say the opposite of what the larger print says. For example, if the larger print says "pre-approved" the fine print might say "subject to approval". Especially in pharmaceutical advertisements, fine print may accompany a warning message, but this message is often neutralized by the
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technique in certain market niches, particularly those of high-margin specialty products or services uncompetitive with those in the mainstream market. The practice, for example, can be used to mislead the consumer about an item's price or value, or the nutritional content of a food product.
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Fine print is controversial because of its deceptive nature. Its purpose is to make the consumer believe that the offer is really great. Though the real truth about the offer is technically available to the consumer in the smaller print of the advertisement—thus virtually ensuring
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Online
Marketing Scheme: Many online marketers attracted consumers with free trials and asked for their credit card details to manage the shipment of the products. However, FTC found out that they were using hidden charges to take money from the customers without their
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In many cases, the business states in fine print that it reserves the right to modify the terms of the contract at any time with little to no advance notice. This controversial practice is often seen in the banking and insurance industries. It is also widely abused in
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cancelled by a specified time. A holiday may advertise an attractive price in large print, with "per person, double occupancy" in small print. Words such as "from" or "as low as" may be under-emphasised in offers where more than the minimum is usually wanted.
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which requires full disclosure of all (even unfavorable) terms or conditions, but does not specify the manner (size, typeface, coloring, etc.) of disclosure. There is strong evidence that suggests the fine print is not read by the majority of consumers.
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Advertising by conventional banks is relatively highly regulated, requiring disclosures that generally are made, but appear in small print. In some cases, the minimum size of any small print is regulated, such as credit card advertising/application
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and exceptions to the advertisement, it is often stated too fast for the viewer or listener to comprehend. This is often coupled with pleasant background music and positive images, which in turn takes the consumer's focus off the disclaimer.
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For example, see the Macy's ad image in this article, which tends to mislead the consumer to think that a discount will be available and hence to shop at Macy's because of anticipated pricing that will likely turn out to be
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Fine print is often illegible, e.g., when a TV picture is noisy, low-resolution, or the viewer's sight is impaired. Banking offers have been displayed on video billboards by highways that are unreadable by passing drivers.
465:, advertised with a 0% rate in large print, will offer this only for an introductory period of a few months. After that, the rate will switch, for example, to a much higher rate of 19.95%, and may increase even more due to
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card was inevitably drawn by the large print, which was accompanied by pages of fine print few are likely to read in full or to understand. During the 1990s, two laws against such practices were overturned by the
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A CBS Outdoors digital billboard, located on the East Bay side of the San
Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, 59' x 19' with a resolution of 720 x 240 pixels, displayed a banking ad with small print on May 6,
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Many consumer advocates are active in lobbying for laws to limit the rights of an advertiser to use fine print to hide the truth, and to expand rights to consumers who fall victim to fine print. Due to
442:. The customer will be told when ready to purchase that for one reason or another, they will not be eligible for the advertised offer, and will be coerced into one that is higher priced (see
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A contract may use small print that may pass unnoticed to require a customer or subscriber to pay various fees that are not stated in the headline price. A subscriber to, for example, a
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569:(DVR), in order to read it. The attention is drawn away from this little section by the more eye-catching or large print description of the offer, which alone is untrue.
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disclosure requirements. One bank offered non-FDIC-insured CDs yielding 10% in letters almost 3″ high, while the small print 1/16″ high disclosed the lack of insurance.
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to customers at the time of the purchase with no strings attached. These laws have been widely opposed by corporations, and are yet to have passed in any states, except
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Many offers advertised in large print only apply when certain conditions are met. In many cases, these conditions are difficult or nearly impossible to meet.
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are concluded with "fast talking", which is barely audible or comprehensible to most. While it is this very message that states all necessary
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will exclude a good deal of scenarios in which one would normally file a claim. For example, life insurance will not normally cover
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799:"Texas Court Rules that Internet Contract Giving Website Owner the Right to Make Unilateral Amendments Is Illusory"
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817:"Secret History Of The Credit Card - Eight Things A Credit Card User Should Know - FRONTLINE - PBS"
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that is granted to advertisers, passing such laws in the United States has proven to be difficult.
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colors, and for brief periods of time, making it difficult or impossible for the viewer to read.
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ruled that these "unilateral modification clauses" were illusory and, thus, unenforceable.
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into believing the offer is more advantageous than it really is. This may satisfy a
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In some cases, the seller who uses this technique will engage in the practice of
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119:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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This article is about text in a small size. Not to be confused with
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in large print, with conditions, such as military membership, or a
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446:). Reasons they may be given include his/her age, race, religion,
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print, and an exit from these terms may be costly or impossible.
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more eye-catching positive images and pleasant background music (
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717:"Who Reads The Fine Print Online? Less Than One Person In 1000"
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847:"FTC Charges Online Marketing Scheme with Deceiving Shoppers"
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Some examples of how consumers are deceived are as follows:
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within a specified time after the policy is bought, and
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698:"Web site 'outs' fine print - The Red Tape Chronicles"
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PBS Frontline - The Secret
History of the Credit Card
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561:A common practice has been to use fine print in
644:, where they are only allowed if unadvertised.
615:Consumer advocates have widely criticized the
429:. However, in early 2009, the federal case of
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303:The examples and perspective in this article
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78:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1792:Criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates
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1019:
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176:. Please do not remove this message until
1014:Fine print tricks used by car dealerships
341:Learn how and when to remove this message
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
196:Learn how and when to remove this message
135:Learn how and when to remove this message
384:by adding descriptive text and removing
234:signs often have fine print disclaimers.
172:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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498:shops frequently advertise either with
936:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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557:Fine print on TV and other video media
1000:, a collection of ads with fine print
7:
1691:High-yield investment program (HYIP)
696:Sullivan, Bob (September 26, 2006).
1681:Foundation for New Era Philanthropy
484:may be advertised at far below its
270:The use of fine print is a common
25:
976:Sullivan, Missy (February 2012).
785:LII / Legal Information Institute
59:This article has multiple issues.
952:"Roundtable on Insurance Reform"
801:. April 22, 2009. Archived from
357:
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151:
89:
48:
1746:Saradha Group financial scandal
677:Privacy policy § Criticism
67:or discuss these issues on the
1:
1100:1992 Indian stock market scam
1375:Strip search phone call scam
1190:Extraterrestrial real estate
893:"NY State Senate Bill S6815"
548:they pay to the government).
1250:Intellectual property scams
1240:Indian coal allocation scam
1049:Scams and confidence tricks
317:, discuss the issue on the
178:conditions to do so are met
115:the claims made and adding
32:Fine print (disambiguation)
1864:
1736:Pyramid schemes in Albania
1696:Investors Overseas Service
1628:Website reputation ratings
978:"Attack of the Fine Print"
763:"16 CFR 251.1 - The guide"
432:Harris v. Blockbuster Inc.
36:
29:
1766:Welsh Thrasher faith scam
1711:Madoff investment scandal
1205:Foreclosure rescue scheme
563:advertising on television
1761:Stanford Financial Group
1566:Russian Business Network
1355:Slavery reparations scam
1009:AOL "health food" claims
851:Federal Trade Commission
531:will not normally cover
492:, listed in small print.
280:Federal Trade Commission
1731:Petters Group Worldwide
700:. MSNBC. Archived from
672:Trojan horse (business)
515:policies: Particularly
386:less pertinent examples
1425:White van speaker scam
1390:Technical support scam
1365:SSA impersonation scam
1320:Redemption/A4V schemes
1245:IRS impersonation scam
1210:Foreign exchange fraud
567:digital video recorder
235:
1225:Get-rich-quick scheme
1215:Fortune telling fraud
529:homeowners' insurance
408:plausible deniability
286:Controversial aspects
232:political endorsement
229:
1701:Kapa investment scam
1521:Internet vigilantism
1511:Email authentication
1486:Cryptocurrency scams
1380:Swampland in Florida
704:on January 13, 2008.
617:credit card industry
323:create a new article
315:improve this article
305:may not represent a
30:For other uses, see
27:Text in a small size
1805:Film and television
1526:Lenny anti-scam bot
1430:Work-at-home scheme
1395:Telemarketing fraud
1255:Kansas City Shuffle
1180:Embarrassing cheque
598:Fighting fine print
382:improve the article
165:of this article is
39:fine press printing
1756:Scott W. Rothstein
1651:Aman Futures Group
1170:Coin rolling scams
1165:Coin-matching game
833:AG filing against
736:AG filing against
622:U.S. Supreme Court
480:An item such as a
252:legal technicality
236:
100:possibly contains
1825:
1824:
1787:Confidence tricks
1506:Domain name scams
1405:Thai zig zag scam
1270:Miracle cars scam
1093:confidence tricks
1091:Notable scams and
895:. 3 October 2015.
853:. March 24, 2017.
715:Greenberg, Andy.
587:radio commercials
577:Verbal fine print
467:universal default
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102:original research
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16:(Redirected from
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1656:Bernard Cornfeld
1618:Stock Generation
1546:Referer spoofing
1410:Three-card monte
1400:Thai tailor scam
1360:Spanish Prisoner
1290:Overpayment scam
1230:Green goods scam
1130:Black money scam
1115:Art student scam
1110:Advance-fee scam
1105:2G spectrum case
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992:External links
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805:on 2010-12-22.
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1801:In the media
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1721:Matrix scheme
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1643:Ponzi schemes
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1551:Ripoff Report
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1350:SIM swap scam
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1300:Pig in a poke
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1155:Charity fraud
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1135:Blessing scam
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919:on 2013-05-01
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448:credit rating
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397:
394:November 2019
387:
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371:
366:This section
364:
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331:December 2017
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98:This article
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66:
65:
60:
55:
46:
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40:
33:
19:
1741:Reed Slatkin
1706:Kubus scheme
1586:Jim Browning
1581:419eater.com
1576:Scam baiting
1561:Romance scam
1531:Lottery scam
1476:Clickjacking
1420:Wash trading
1415:Trojan horse
1330:Return fraud
1280:Mock auction
1199:
1175:Drop swindle
1140:Bogus escrow
981:
959:www.fdic.gov
958:
946:
921:. Retrieved
914:the original
901:
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878:
869:
859:
850:
841:
829:
820:
811:
803:the original
793:
784:
775:
766:
749:unavailable.
744:
720:
710:
702:the original
691:
651:
642:Rhode Island
631:
614:
611:Credit cards
601:
580:
571:
560:
486:market value
456:
452:
437:
430:
423:terms of use
419:
416:
404:
391:
380:Please help
368:may contain
367:
337:
328:
304:
277:
269:
257:
246:
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210:
192:
183:
161:
131:
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99:
75:
68:
62:
61:Please help
58:
1848:Advertising
1782:Con artists
1666:Dona Branca
1608:Spoofed URL
1516:Email fraud
1496:CyberThrill
1471:Click fraud
1385:Tarmac scam
1310:Pork barrel
1305:Pigeon drop
1295:Patent safe
1285:Moving scam
1195:Fiddle game
1145:Boiler room
1120:Badger game
1082:Sucker list
1055:Terminology
835:TigerDirect
821:www.pbs.org
767:www.gpo.gov
667:Teaser rate
655:Schumer box
638:Connecticut
605:free speech
591:disclaimers
545:Infomercial
496:Auto repair
463:credit card
272:advertising
265:camouflagic
243:small print
186:August 2012
1832:Categories
1810:Literature
1671:Earl Jones
1603:ShadowCrew
1556:Rock Phish
1501:DarkMarket
1491:Cybercrime
1466:Catfishing
1340:Shell game
1275:Mismarking
1200:Fine print
1160:Clip joint
1150:Bride scam
983:SmartMoney
923:2012-09-20
683:References
507:Warranties
474:cell phone
374:irrelevant
247:mouseprint
239:Fine print
163:neutrality
109:improve it
64:improve it
18:Fine Print
1838:Deception
1797:Impostors
1451:Avalanche
1265:Long firm
1185:Exit scam
738:BlueHippo
552:approval.
513:Insurance
444:Hard sell
370:excessive
319:talk page
261:eye candy
174:talk page
113:verifying
70:talk page
1571:SaferNet
1541:Phishing
1481:Cramming
1370:SSC Scam
1235:Hustling
1220:Gem scam
932:cite web
661:See also
525:suicides
490:trade-in
376:examples
313:You may
167:disputed
1661:Caritas
1638:Pyramid
1591:Kitboga
1461:Carding
1335:Salting
1077:Shyster
648:Banking
634:rebates
628:Rebates
539:Rebates
500:coupons
107:Please
1676:Ezubao
1536:PayPai
721:Forbes
517:health
1775:Lists
1072:Shill
955:(PDF)
917:(PDF)
910:(PDF)
864:2009.
581:Some
533:arson
412:fraud
321:, or
245:, or
230:U.S.
1062:Scam
938:link
640:and
585:and
519:and
160:The
1726:MMM
1640:and
1442:and
482:car
372:or
111:by
1834::
980:.
957:.
934:}}
930:{{
877:.
849:.
819:.
783:.
765:.
754:^
729:^
719:.
583:TV
461:A
241:,
73:.
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20:)
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