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Presentation of a monoid

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33: 1685: 1814: 1227: 813: 510: 951: 1060: 366: 1412: 418: 1560: 1696: 1332: 1281: 694: 573: 1552: 1515: 1106: 878: 849: 981: 1447: 1367: 1098: 640: 1478: 1005: 720: 728: 1886: 1868: 1854: 73: 433: 144:(also known as a semi-Thue system). Every monoid may be presented by a semi-Thue system (possibly over an infinite alphabet). 901: 1013: 287: 55: 1372: 374: 699: 1680:{\displaystyle \mathrm {FIM} (X)=\mathrm {Inv} ^{1}\langle X|\varnothing \rangle =({X\cup X^{-1}})^{*}/\rho _{X},} 1902: 51: 1809:{\displaystyle \mathrm {FIS} (X)=\mathrm {Inv} \langle X|\varnothing \rangle =({X\cup X^{-1}})^{+}/\rho _{X}.} 141: 1286: 1235: 1222:{\displaystyle \mathrm {Inv} ^{1}\langle X|T\rangle =(X\cup X^{-1})^{*}/(T\cup \rho _{X})^{\mathrm {c} }.} 650: 522: 153: 1520: 1483: 854: 825: 881: 885: 43: 130: 959: 1882: 1864: 1850: 984: 177: 607:
Presentations of inverse monoids and semigroups can be defined in a similar way using a pair
1420: 1340: 1071: 613: 819: 424: 166: 126: 17: 519:
of degree 2 (it has infinite order). Elements of this plactic monoid may be written as
129:
of the free monoid (or the free semigroup) by these relations. This is an analogue of a
1874: 1463: 990: 705: 516: 1896: 134: 111: 1861:
Monoids, Acts and Categories with Applications to Wreath Products and Graphs
103: 1863:, De Gruyter Expositions in Mathematics vol. 29, Walter de Gruyter, 2000, 87: 808:{\displaystyle T\subseteq (X\cup X^{-1})^{*}\times (X\cup X^{-1})^{*}} 140:
As a mathematical structure, a monoid presentation is identical to a
99: 176:. To form the quotient monoid, these relations are extended to 273:. Finally, one takes the reflexive and transitive closure of 26: 505:{\displaystyle \langle a,b\,\vert \;aba=baa,bba=bab\rangle } 895:
We use this pair of objects to define an inverse monoid
946:{\displaystyle \mathrm {Inv} ^{1}\langle X|T\rangle .} 1699: 1563: 1523: 1486: 1466: 1423: 1375: 1343: 1289: 1238: 1232:
In the previous discussion, if we replace everywhere
1109: 1074: 1055:{\displaystyle \mathrm {Inv} ^{1}\langle X|T\rangle } 1016: 993: 962: 904: 857: 828: 731: 708: 653: 616: 525: 436: 377: 361:{\displaystyle R=\{u_{1}=v_{1},\ldots ,u_{n}=v_{n}\}} 290: 1808: 1679: 1546: 1509: 1472: 1441: 1406: 1361: 1326: 1275: 1221: 1092: 1054: 999: 975: 945: 872: 843: 807: 714: 688: 634: 567: 504: 412: 360: 1407:{\displaystyle \mathrm {Inv} \langle X|T\rangle } 413:{\displaystyle \langle p,q\,\vert \;pq=1\rangle } 197:. This is then extended to a symmetric relation 284:is simply given as a set of equations, so that 8: 1748: 1734: 1619: 1605: 1401: 1387: 1142: 1128: 1049: 1035: 937: 923: 499: 450: 437: 407: 391: 378: 355: 297: 110:of generators and a set of relations on the 54:. There might be a discussion about this on 453: 394: 1797: 1788: 1782: 1768: 1757: 1740: 1723: 1700: 1698: 1668: 1659: 1653: 1639: 1628: 1611: 1599: 1588: 1564: 1562: 1524: 1522: 1487: 1485: 1465: 1422: 1393: 1376: 1374: 1342: 1318: 1304: 1293: 1288: 1267: 1253: 1242: 1237: 1209: 1208: 1198: 1180: 1174: 1161: 1134: 1122: 1111: 1108: 1073: 1041: 1029: 1018: 1015: 992: 967: 961: 929: 917: 906: 903: 863: 862: 856: 834: 833: 827: 799: 786: 764: 751: 730: 707: 680: 667: 652: 615: 559: 540: 530: 524: 449: 435: 390: 376: 349: 336: 317: 304: 289: 74:Learn how and when to remove this message 1825: 1745: 1616: 1452:A trivial but important example is the 1336:presentation (for an inverse semigroup) 423:is the equational presentation for the 280:In the typical situation, the relation 183:First, one takes the symmetric closure 165:The relations are given as a (finite) 125:. The monoid is then presented as the 822:relation between words. We denote by 277:, which then is a monoid congruence. 7: 1832:Book and Otto, Theorem 7.1.7, p. 149 1327:{\displaystyle ({X\cup X^{-1}})^{+}} 1276:{\displaystyle ({X\cup X^{-1}})^{*}} 1889:, chapter 7, "Algebraic Properties" 1859:M. Kilp, U. Knauer, A.V. Mikhalev, 1730: 1727: 1724: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1210: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1025: 1022: 1019: 913: 910: 907: 864: 835: 689:{\displaystyle (X\cup X^{-1})^{*}} 568:{\displaystyle a^{i}b^{j}(ba)^{k}} 25: 1547:{\displaystyle \mathrm {FIS} (X)} 1510:{\displaystyle \mathrm {FIM} (X)} 1849:(1995), Clarendon Press, Oxford 1847:Fundamentals of Semigroup Theory 873:{\displaystyle T^{\mathrm {c} }} 844:{\displaystyle T^{\mathrm {e} }} 31: 1007:, we define the inverse monoid 1779: 1754: 1741: 1717: 1711: 1650: 1625: 1612: 1581: 1575: 1541: 1535: 1504: 1498: 1436: 1424: 1394: 1356: 1344: 1315: 1290: 1264: 1239: 1205: 1185: 1171: 1148: 1135: 1087: 1075: 1042: 930: 796: 773: 761: 738: 677: 654: 629: 617: 603:Inverse monoids and semigroups 556: 546: 151:should not be confused with a 1: 1480:, that is usually denoted by 587:, as the relations show that 700:free monoid with involution 96:presentation of a semigroup 1919: 1369:and an inverse semigroup 976:{\displaystyle \rho _{X}} 18:Finitely presented monoid 1879:String-rewriting Systems 98:) is a description of a 92:presentation of a monoid 142:string rewriting system 117:(or the free semigroup 1810: 1681: 1548: 1511: 1474: 1458:free inverse semigroup 1443: 1408: 1363: 1328: 1277: 1223: 1094: 1056: 1001: 977: 947: 874: 845: 809: 716: 690: 636: 569: 506: 414: 362: 1811: 1682: 1549: 1512: 1475: 1444: 1442:{\displaystyle (X;T)} 1409: 1364: 1362:{\displaystyle (X;T)} 1329: 1278: 1224: 1095: 1093:{\displaystyle (X;T)} 1057: 1002: 978: 948: 875: 846: 810: 717: 691: 637: 635:{\displaystyle (X;T)} 570: 507: 415: 368:. Thus, for example, 363: 1877:and Friedrich Otto, 1697: 1561: 1554:) and is defined by 1521: 1484: 1464: 1421: 1373: 1341: 1287: 1236: 1107: 1072: 1014: 991: 960: 902: 882:equivalence relation 855: 826: 729: 706: 651: 614: 523: 434: 375: 288: 106:) in terms of a set 44:confusing or unclear 1454:free inverse monoid 884:(respectively, the 591:commutes with both 52:clarify the article 1881:, Springer, 1993, 1806: 1677: 1544: 1507: 1470: 1439: 1404: 1359: 1324: 1273: 1219: 1090: 1052: 997: 973: 943: 870: 841: 805: 712: 686: 632: 565: 502: 410: 358: 178:monoid congruences 131:group presentation 1473:{\displaystyle X} 1000:{\displaystyle X} 985:Wagner congruence 715:{\displaystyle X} 235:for some strings 84: 83: 76: 16:(Redirected from 1910: 1903:Semigroup theory 1833: 1830: 1815: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1801: 1792: 1787: 1786: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1744: 1733: 1710: 1686: 1684: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1672: 1663: 1658: 1657: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1615: 1604: 1603: 1598: 1574: 1553: 1551: 1550: 1545: 1534: 1516: 1514: 1513: 1508: 1497: 1479: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1448: 1446: 1445: 1440: 1413: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1397: 1386: 1368: 1366: 1365: 1360: 1333: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1322: 1313: 1312: 1311: 1282: 1280: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1271: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1228: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1203: 1202: 1184: 1179: 1178: 1169: 1168: 1138: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1099: 1097: 1096: 1091: 1061: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1045: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1006: 1004: 1003: 998: 982: 980: 979: 974: 972: 971: 952: 950: 949: 944: 933: 922: 921: 916: 879: 877: 876: 871: 869: 868: 867: 850: 848: 847: 842: 840: 839: 838: 814: 812: 811: 806: 804: 803: 794: 793: 769: 768: 759: 758: 721: 719: 718: 713: 695: 693: 692: 687: 685: 684: 675: 674: 641: 639: 638: 633: 574: 572: 571: 566: 564: 563: 545: 544: 535: 534: 511: 509: 508: 503: 419: 417: 416: 411: 367: 365: 364: 359: 354: 353: 341: 340: 322: 321: 309: 308: 283: 276: 272: 253: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 203: 196: 192: 175: 171: 124: 120: 116: 109: 79: 72: 68: 65: 59: 35: 34: 27: 21: 1918: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1911: 1909: 1908: 1907: 1893: 1892: 1845:John M. Howie, 1842: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1793: 1778: 1764: 1695: 1694: 1664: 1649: 1635: 1587: 1559: 1558: 1519: 1518: 1482: 1481: 1462: 1461: 1419: 1418: 1371: 1370: 1339: 1338: 1314: 1300: 1285: 1284: 1263: 1249: 1234: 1233: 1204: 1194: 1170: 1157: 1110: 1105: 1104: 1070: 1069: 1017: 1012: 1011: 989: 988: 963: 958: 957: 905: 900: 899: 888:) generated by 858: 853: 852: 829: 824: 823: 795: 782: 760: 747: 727: 726: 704: 703: 676: 663: 649: 648: 612: 611: 605: 555: 536: 526: 521: 520: 432: 431: 425:bicyclic monoid 373: 372: 345: 332: 313: 300: 286: 285: 281: 274: 255: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 219:if and only if 214: 205: 198: 194: 184: 173: 169: 167:binary relation 163: 122: 121:) generated by 118: 114: 107: 80: 69: 63: 60: 49: 36: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1916: 1914: 1906: 1905: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1875:Ronald V. Book 1872: 1857: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1816: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1785: 1781: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1688: 1687: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1656: 1652: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1517:(respectively 1506: 1503: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1469: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1321: 1317: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1270: 1266: 1259: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1245: 1241: 1230: 1229: 1218: 1212: 1207: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1177: 1173: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1063: 1062: 1051: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1024: 1021: 996: 970: 966: 954: 953: 942: 939: 936: 932: 928: 925: 920: 915: 912: 909: 866: 861: 851:(respectively 837: 832: 816: 815: 802: 798: 792: 789: 785: 781: 778: 775: 772: 767: 763: 757: 754: 750: 746: 743: 740: 737: 734: 711: 683: 679: 673: 670: 666: 662: 659: 656: 643: 642: 631: 628: 625: 622: 619: 604: 601: 562: 558: 554: 551: 548: 543: 539: 533: 529: 517:plactic monoid 513: 512: 501: 498: 495: 492: 489: 486: 483: 480: 477: 474: 471: 468: 465: 462: 459: 456: 452: 448: 445: 442: 439: 421: 420: 409: 406: 403: 400: 397: 393: 389: 386: 383: 380: 357: 352: 348: 344: 339: 335: 331: 328: 325: 320: 316: 312: 307: 303: 299: 296: 293: 210: 162: 159: 154:representation 82: 81: 39: 37: 30: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1915: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1888: 1887:0-387-97965-4 1884: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1869:3-11-015248-7 1866: 1862: 1858: 1856: 1855:0-19-851194-9 1852: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1829: 1826: 1819: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1783: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1751: 1737: 1720: 1714: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1654: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1629: 1622: 1608: 1600: 1584: 1578: 1557: 1556: 1555: 1538: 1501: 1467: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1416: 1398: 1390: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1337: 1319: 1308: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1268: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1243: 1216: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1188: 1181: 1175: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1145: 1139: 1131: 1123: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1067: 1046: 1038: 1030: 1010: 1009: 1008: 994: 986: 968: 964: 940: 934: 926: 918: 898: 897: 896: 893: 891: 887: 883: 859: 830: 821: 800: 790: 787: 783: 779: 776: 770: 765: 755: 752: 748: 744: 741: 735: 732: 725: 724: 723: 709: 701: 696: 681: 671: 668: 664: 660: 657: 646: 626: 623: 620: 610: 609: 608: 602: 600: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 575:for integers 560: 552: 549: 541: 537: 531: 527: 518: 496: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 475: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 457: 454: 446: 443: 440: 430: 429: 428: 426: 404: 401: 398: 395: 387: 384: 381: 371: 370: 369: 350: 346: 342: 337: 333: 329: 326: 323: 318: 314: 310: 305: 301: 294: 291: 278: 271: 267: 263: 259: 251: 247: 243: 239: 217: 213: 208: 201: 191: 187: 181: 179: 168: 160: 158: 156: 155: 150: 145: 143: 138: 136: 132: 128: 113: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 78: 75: 67: 57: 56:the talk page 53: 47: 45: 40:This article 38: 29: 28: 19: 1878: 1860: 1846: 1828: 1689: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1414: 1335: 1334:we obtain a 1231: 1065: 1064: 955: 894: 889: 817: 697: 647: 644: 606: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 514: 422: 279: 269: 265: 261: 257: 249: 245: 241: 237: 215: 211: 206: 204:by defining 199: 189: 185: 182: 180:as follows: 164: 161:Construction 152: 149:presentation 148: 146: 139: 135:group theory 95: 91: 85: 70: 61: 50:Please help 41: 112:free monoid 1840:References 886:congruence 64:March 2011 46:to readers 1795:ρ 1770:− 1762:∪ 1749:⟩ 1746:∅ 1735:⟨ 1666:ρ 1655:∗ 1641:− 1633:∪ 1620:⟩ 1617:∅ 1606:⟨ 1415:presented 1402:⟩ 1388:⟨ 1306:− 1298:∪ 1269:∗ 1255:− 1247:∪ 1196:ρ 1192:∪ 1176:∗ 1163:− 1155:∪ 1143:⟩ 1129:⟨ 1066:presented 1050:⟩ 1036:⟨ 965:ρ 938:⟩ 924:⟨ 801:∗ 788:− 780:∪ 771:× 766:∗ 753:− 745:∪ 736:⊆ 682:∗ 669:− 661:∪ 500:⟩ 438:⟨ 408:⟩ 379:⟨ 327:… 104:semigroup 1897:Category 127:quotient 983:be the 698:is the 515:is the 202:⊂ Σ × Σ 88:algebra 42:may be 1885:  1867:  1853:  880:) the 820:binary 722:, and 645:where 427:, and 102:(or a 100:monoid 94:(or a 1820:Notes 1460:) on 1283:with 818:is a 254:with 1883:ISBN 1865:ISBN 1851:ISBN 1456:(or 956:Let 595:and 264:) ∈ 227:and 90:, a 1690:or 1417:by 1100:as 1068:by 987:on 702:on 252:∈ Σ 233:svt 225:sut 193:of 172:on 133:in 86:In 1899:: 1449:. 892:. 599:. 589:ba 583:, 579:, 268:∪ 248:, 244:, 240:, 231:= 223:= 188:∪ 157:. 147:A 137:. 1871:. 1804:. 1799:X 1790:/ 1784:+ 1780:) 1773:1 1766:X 1759:X 1755:( 1752:= 1742:| 1738:X 1731:v 1728:n 1725:I 1721:= 1718:) 1715:X 1712:( 1708:S 1705:I 1702:F 1675:, 1670:X 1661:/ 1651:) 1644:1 1637:X 1630:X 1626:( 1623:= 1613:| 1609:X 1601:1 1596:v 1593:n 1590:I 1585:= 1582:) 1579:X 1576:( 1572:M 1569:I 1566:F 1542:) 1539:X 1536:( 1532:S 1529:I 1526:F 1505:) 1502:X 1499:( 1495:M 1492:I 1489:F 1468:X 1437:) 1434:T 1431:; 1428:X 1425:( 1399:T 1395:| 1391:X 1384:v 1381:n 1378:I 1357:) 1354:T 1351:; 1348:X 1345:( 1320:+ 1316:) 1309:1 1302:X 1295:X 1291:( 1265:) 1258:1 1251:X 1244:X 1240:( 1217:. 1211:c 1206:) 1200:X 1189:T 1186:( 1182:/ 1172:) 1166:1 1159:X 1152:X 1149:( 1146:= 1140:T 1136:| 1132:X 1124:1 1119:v 1116:n 1113:I 1088:) 1085:T 1082:; 1079:X 1076:( 1047:T 1043:| 1039:X 1031:1 1026:v 1023:n 1020:I 995:X 969:X 941:. 935:T 931:| 927:X 919:1 914:v 911:n 908:I 890:T 865:c 860:T 836:e 831:T 797:) 791:1 784:X 777:X 774:( 762:) 756:1 749:X 742:X 739:( 733:T 710:X 678:) 672:1 665:X 658:X 655:( 630:) 627:T 624:; 621:X 618:( 597:b 593:a 585:k 581:j 577:i 561:k 557:) 553:a 550:b 547:( 542:j 538:b 532:i 528:a 497:b 494:a 491:b 488:= 485:a 482:b 479:b 476:, 473:a 470:a 467:b 464:= 461:a 458:b 455:a 451:| 447:b 444:, 441:a 405:1 402:= 399:q 396:p 392:| 388:q 385:, 382:p 356:} 351:n 347:v 343:= 338:n 334:u 330:, 324:, 319:1 315:v 311:= 306:1 302:u 298:{ 295:= 292:R 282:R 275:E 270:R 266:R 262:v 260:, 258:u 256:( 250:t 246:s 242:v 238:u 229:y 221:x 216:y 212:E 209:~ 207:x 200:E 195:R 190:R 186:R 174:Σ 170:R 123:Σ 119:Σ 115:Σ 108:Σ 77:) 71:( 66:) 62:( 58:. 48:. 20:)

Index

Finitely presented monoid
confusing or unclear
clarify the article
the talk page
Learn how and when to remove this message
algebra
monoid
semigroup
free monoid
quotient
group presentation
group theory
string rewriting system
representation
binary relation
monoid congruences
bicyclic monoid
plactic monoid
free monoid with involution
binary
equivalence relation
congruence
Wagner congruence
ISBN
0-19-851194-9
ISBN
3-11-015248-7
Ronald V. Book
ISBN
0-387-97965-4

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