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Native American fashion

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their works. Ponca changed the direction of Native American fashion by allowing the designers to determine whether their works would include traditional influences and media. She taught them garment design, structural integrity, and color theory, but allowed students to interpret how they used the lessons. Ponca's approach was to ignore demands to make designs fit stereotypical definitions of Indigenous identity. Instead she encouraged creativity and innovation, like utilizing
49: 680:. It specified that for artists to market their works as Native American, they must be enrolled in a state or federally recognized tribe or be certified by a tribal council as a member and must disclose their affiliated tribe. The law aimed to curtail the misappropriation of Native American designs by non-Natives wishing to capitalize on the Indigenous market. For Indigenous Americans, their symbols, such as the 3949: 5045: 1044:." These outfits were based on Mexican and Navajo skirts and Western Apache camp dresses. The dresses, also known as Fiesta, Kachina, Tohono or Patio Dresses "represented both idealized femininity and Americanness because of their Native American origins." These dresses, knowingly appropriating Indigenous styles, were considered a "fashion sensation" of the time, according to the 884:, as a cross-cultural fashion endeavor, uniting designers from Africa with Marcus Amerman, Dorothy Grant, Patricia Michaels, and Virginia Yazzie Ballenger for the annual fashion show at the Santa Fe Indian Market. It was a unique opportunity for designers from diverse Indigenous populations to share designs and methods of economic empowerment. In 2009, 161:
stereotypes and spurs controversy. Similarly, utilizing artisan craftwork can expand awareness if designers are fairly compensated for their work and given credit for their contributions. Contemporary controversies have spurred both crowd-sourced and legislative action to protect the designs and cultural heritage of Indigenous designers.
1050:. The Navajo style that influenced the creation of Squaw Dresses was itself an adaptation of European styles by Navajo women. The bodice of a Squaw Dress drew from Western Apache and Tohono O'odham styles. Squaw dresses were popular in the United States for around 20 years. The original "designer" of the Squaw Dress was 331:
To encourage other Indigenous artists to enter fashion design and safeguard cultural traditions which he feared might be lost, New turned his attention to education in 1959, sponsoring a summer design project, known as the Southwest Indian Arts Project. The experimental project eventually resulted in
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Controversy has emerged over the misappropriation or inappropriate use of cultural heritage by non-Native designers. Respectful use of imagery by mainstream designers who are not Indigenous can help expand appreciation of Native cultures, but plagiarism of design or malapropos use reinforces negative
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was founded in the 1980s as a collaborative association of Indigenous artists, designers, and models, who were alumni of IAIA, with the express purpose of building a contemporary, Native fashion design movement and allowing members to profit from their fashion shows. With New as an advisor and Ponca
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show, were all too frequent occurrences. Though the law made it illegal to sell items by those not affiliated as a tribal member, little could be done when designs, symbols, or names were usurped. The law, written to protect the tribes and their cultures as a whole, does not cover individuals, with
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As Native American designers recognized that marketing to Indigenous peoples alone limited their business sustainability, they increasingly created clothing that is derived from their cultural heritage but has been adapted to appeal to a larger aesthetic. Early designers tended to approach fashion
428:) took over instruction of her traditional techniques course and offered "Traditional and Contemporary Fashion Design" to include current fashion trends. Fife's students formed the Full Moon Fashions group and began targeting non-native women as prospective buyers for their products. In 1982, when 440:
in accordance with other accredited university curricula, offering three levels of instruction. She founded the Waves of the Earth Fashion Group and required her students to participate in the fashion shows of the IAIA, giving them an opportunity to show their creations and discover how to market
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with mainstream buyers. As the field of Native designers in high fashion expanded, individual designers moved away from pan-Indianism, expressing their individual identity, whether or not it was based on their specific tribal heritage. Many have taken Indigenous themes and incorporated them into
348:) was hired to instruct students in the traditional techniques used to make garments and accessories, laying the groundwork for the aesthetic appreciation of tribal traditions. She taught students to use traditional materials like feathers, leather and shells, and methods including beadwork, 352:
and weaving to create garments. By 1965, IAIA was hosting local fashion shows. Within three years, the students had begun showing their works in other venues in Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and New York. Within ten years, the reputation of the textile design programs at the school had gained
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Historical clothing of Native American peoples has been collected and displayed by curators of major museums with a focus on pre-20th century attire. For the most part, these collections failed to take into consideration the shift in clothing trends among Indigenous peoples brought about by
336:(IAIA) in 1962. The purpose of the school was to provide an education that fostered pride in students' Indigenous heritage and featured the development of skills designed to improve their economic opportunities. New taught a printed textiles course focused on dying techniques, and 1003:. The exhibition and its catalog spotlighted on contemporary Native American fashion. Featuring designs from 75 fashion designers from throughout Canada and the United States, the exhibit presented a range of styles and designs from diverse cultures, such as Alano Edzerza ( 896:
called "Beyond Buckskin". Metcalfe used the blog to promote Native American designers, to talk about how they fit into popular culture and also to hold companies accountable when they attempted to appropriate Native culture. The following year, Patricia Michaels formed
295:. "Southwestern chic" became a national trend in the early 1950s. In 1951, New was the only Native American designer who participated in the Atlantic City International Fashion Show, winning national recognition. He began to consult with artists and incorporated 1089:
clothed a model in a "Native-inspired" bikini and giant war headdress at their fashion show that same year. Victoria's Secret was again accused of cultural appropriation in their 2017 fashion show, which featured outfits inspired by traditional Native fashion.
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Non-Native companies and individuals have attempted to use Native American motifs and names in their clothing designs. As early as the 1940s, Anglo designers in the United States had developed a type of one and two-piece dresses called
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of Tucson, Arizona. Gonzales herself said of her dresses, "I didn't design them; I lifted them. The Indian women were already wearing them." Other people involved in promoting and working on the designs included the designers
813:(Navajo), a noted weaver, the fashion curriculum at IAIA was eliminated in 1995, though momentum for high fashion works produced by native designers was rising. Among Ponca's students at IAIA in the 1990s were the designers 3576: 853:. Her women's jacket titled "Weathered Text: No Trespassing by the Taos War Chief." won the Best of Class award in the textiles category at the Santa Fe Indian Market in 2010. Another of Ponca's students, Brenda Wahnee ( 65: 590:-Navajo) founded a design firm, Traditions by Selina, aimed at preserving the traditions of her heritage. Her typical designs are based on the Apache camp dress with a full, ankle-length skirt and long sleeves. 178:
in New York City's 2017 "Native Fashion Now" exhibit featured Project Runway finalist Patricia Michaels and The Museum of Indian Arts and Culture in Santa Fe held exhibits as early as 2007 on Native couture and
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policies throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries focused on eradicating Native American culture, including religious observance, language, and other traditional practices. Later, policies such as the 1934
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and long dresses made of polyester fabrics with felt insets depicting geometric figures and native motifs. Jacobsen's work featured loose-fitting dresses featuring decorative techniques, such as embroidered
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Leavitt, Peter A.; Covarrubias, Rebecca; Perez, Yvonne A.; Fryberg, Stephanie A. (2015-03-01). "'Frozen in Time': The Impact of Native American Media Representations on Identity and Self-Understanding".
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The 1990s saw a split in the Native American fashion design styles, with one group pursuing simple silhouettes with defined, smooth transitions between fabric lines, while the other group focused on
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in 1994 featuring items made of silk or wool fabrics and deer or elk skin. To update her contemporary patterning, she used zebra and impala hide, decorated with beadwork, fringe, and silver.
641:, who have made the fashion show of the Red Earth Festival an annual event, demonstrating that native clothing is wearable for every day and not simply as ceremonial costuming. Also in 1987, 3886: 922:
from a pan-Indian perspective, but contemporary Indigenous designers often "stay within the realm of their own traditional tribal or regional clothing techniques". In 2012, Kelly Holmes (
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or by access to tailoring training and industrially produced textiles. However, Indigenous-focused museums have featured exhibitions of contemporary Native fashion. For example, the
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representation of Indigenous peoples' clothing in mass media depictions. Native Americans are portrayed most often in historical contexts wearing traditional clothing.
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their works, while others have taken specific garments and updated them to contemporary aesthetics by changing necklines, sleeve lengths, hemlines, and other features.
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changed the strategy for the education of Native peoples, encouraging them instead to reconnect with their cultures, including the creation of traditional dress.
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in 2009, though Ortiz's work generally is known as more cutting-edge and noted for incorporating colors, shapes, and symbols from pottery in his fashion design.
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While Native peoples have always produced clothing, until the 20th century the garments they made were often for personal, familial, or ceremonial use. However,
960:(Acoma Pueblo) and Valentina Aragon (Diné) founded the ACONAV couture brand known for its asymetrical designsthat blend cultural ideas with modern silhouettes. 34: 4222: 142: 2806: 699:
the result that there is no protection for the works of fashion designers. As part of their tribal tradition, symbols of various tribes are not typically
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approach. By selecting motifs and iconography easily identified as part of Indigenous culture, they were able to gain acceptance and develop a
130:, such as weaving, twining, and tufting. In some cases, however, they choose not to include any materials associated with Indigenous cultures. 3624: 3613: 3516: 3380: 2841: 2340: 2044: 2022: 2003: 1957: 1603: 94: 3836: 283:. Expanding into clothing with a focus on classic cuts and simple designs using quality materials, New incorporated woven Cherokee fabrics, 4365: 3651: 587: 2875: 637:(Muscogee), to demonstrate that Native clothing was part of mainstream fashion. Fife was part of a group of native designers known as the 2460: 138: 3432: 2670: 2248: 673: 610: 134: 98: 2931: 2688: 2298: 2275: 460:), quickly became another venue to showcase the students' work, using the body as a venue to display designs, rather than galleries. 5110: 4677: 4107: 3938: 3718: 3204: 333: 256:
became a specialty. Recognizing the need to reduce labor costs, he began combining machine work with handcrafting and instituted an
180: 509: 578:) designed high-end couture for working women and displayed her fashions featuring appliqué techniques at conferences. Shed ran a 4207: 873:), and Rose Bean Simpson (Santa Clara Pueblo) were other Ponca students who began making a name in fashion circles in the 1990s. 489: 1031: 552:
to produce garments featuring Native American iconography. Hagan marketed them, stressing their spiritual and symbolic meaning.
4140: 4074: 4059: 2761:"Urban Outfitters Pulls Navajo Name from Collection; Heard Museum Weighs In on Native-Inspired Fashion That Should Be Produced" 2789: 582:
business, allowing customers to provide her with their preferred materials which she then worked into her designs. In 1984,
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into a line of coats and dresses for women and men's suits, capitalizing on the luxury clothing market which emerged after
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Native Designers of High Fashion: Expressing Identity, Creativity, and Tradition in Contemporary Customary Clothing Design
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created a collection in 2011 called "Navajo," featuring underwear, hats and other items with art based on traditional
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When Native American designers first broke into the modern fashion industry in the 1940s and 1950s, many adopted a
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at the Santa Fe Indian Market 2014. Demonstration of the difference in dance regalia and experimental fashion.
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patterned on Kiowa designs, as well as influences from Pueblo and Sioux decorative silhouettes. Fueled by the
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which she says is the "first compilation of modern Native fashion produced exclusively by Natives". In 2014,
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as the coordinator, the group included many members who made a name for themselves in fashion, for example
5007: 4918: 4242: 1019: 779: 677: 449: 369: 324:, drawing from a variety of tribal aesthetics. As with designers who followed him, his sacred symbols and 2249:"Meet Bethany Yellowtail, a Native American fashion designer who's inspiring a whole generation of women" 4435: 4353: 4343: 4100: 3878: 3234: 2853:"Jeri Ah-be-hill, 1934–2015: Indigenous fashion aficionado was 'a giant in honoring her native culture'" 2743: 937: 923: 902: 760: 650: 401: 276: 245:, with financial backing from Douglas, which initially focused on belts, hats and purses. Influenced by 840: 809:
Wendy Ponca, one of the leaders of the avant-garde group, left IAIA in 1993. After she was replaced by
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Parezo, Nancy J.; Jones, Angelina R. (June 2009). "What's in a Name?: The 1940s–1950s 'Squaw Dress'".
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of 1680 blended with science fiction narratives about fighters for freedom based in the year 2180.
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and customary materials into their wearable artworks, providing a basis for creating items for the
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program to meet increasing production demands while gearing his designs for the up-scale market.
3793: 3655: 1173: 928: 485:), who majored in fashion design and creative writing, before turning to writing about fashion. 265: 2883: 2482: 2397: 524:) opened a design studio known for coats and vests incorporating cotton, wool, and velvet, and 5024: 4784: 4779: 4612: 4499: 4283: 4278: 4145: 4054: 3933: 3609: 3603: 3526: 3376: 3370: 3357: 2917: 2837: 2831: 2253: 1082: 945: 764: 740: 421: 226: 3482: 3449: 5002: 4961: 4943: 4876: 4851: 4721: 4629: 4494: 4420: 4398: 4265: 4093: 4033: 4006: 3797: 3401: 3238: 2909: 2299:"Science Fiction Meets the 1680 Pueblo Revolt in Virgil Ortiz's History Colorado Exhibition" 1066: 1051: 885: 666: 602: 445:, a space-age material to create designs which reflected the Osage connection with the sky. 238: 123: 356:
During the 1970s, Native American designers began to make a name for themselves during the
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featuring garments made by Native Americans between 1830 and 1950. During the same decade,
4923: 4913: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4856: 4709: 4667: 4602: 4561: 4298: 4288: 4175: 984: 795: 559: 453: 218: 3855:[Retracted fashion collection accused of appropriating Peruvian indigenous art]. 3768:"Inuit Designers Revive Sealskin Fashion, Celebrate 'National Seal Products Day', May 20" 3097:"Breaking Out: Six artists use prestigious award as opportunity to move forward (pt. 3)" 3064:"Breaking Out: Six artists use prestigious award as opportunity to move forward (pt. 2)" 892:), a scholar who earned her doctorate from the University of Arizona, created a fashion 684:
have ceremonial and sacred properties. Inappropriate use of such objects, like the 2014
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responded by issuing a cease and desist on their use of the word "Navajo". Pop band
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the same year. Metcalfe, along with photographer Anthony Thosh Collins and designer
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and international fashion markets. Their designs may result from techniques such as
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In 2016, a survey exhibition, "Native Fashion Now," curated by Karen Kramer at the
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found appeal in Gilham and Jacobsen's work. Furthermore, their fashion fostered a
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Other Native American designers from the early 1990s included the master weaver
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Monks, Vicki (Winter 2016). "Margaret Roach Wheeler Chickasaw Textile Artist".
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Mason, Patrick L., ed. (2013). "Sovereignty and American Indian Communities".
1094: 681: 579: 378: 349: 149: 3530: 3361: 2921: 2715:"Ralph Lauren's Native American Ads Reveal Sad Truth About The Fashion World" 4799: 4504: 4487: 4482: 4370: 4016: 2957: 1000: 861:, featuring fashion forward designs. Her works were featured in 2003 at the 783: 736: 437: 361: 310: 253: 209:, sought to highlight the beauty of Native American fashion by presenting a 119: 516:, marketing custom-made garments on their reservation to high-end buyers. 4976: 4774: 4702: 4692: 4531: 1078: 854: 768: 662: 571: 497: 393: 373: 345: 284: 115: 86: 3242: 2576:"Native American Designers Are Behind More Clothes Than You May Realize" 225:
began touring throughout Europe and the United States with clothing and
145:, or be certified as a designated tribal artisan by the tribal council. 4116: 3581: 3405: 2913: 964:(Cochiti Pueblo) creates futuristic fashion designs that reference the 772: 474: 230: 1197: 936:), who wrote the "Beyond Buckskin" blog, opened a fashion boutique in 715:
Indigenous couture. Among those who favored classic, clean lines were
4672: 4617: 3521: 691: 529: 436:) took over the fashion design courses at the IAIA, she renamed them 314: 246: 234: 2453:"The squaw dress: Tucson's controversial but unique fashion history" 1255:
Collins, Cary C. (Fall 2003). "Art Crafted in the Red Man's Image".
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use of the headdress for non-Native models and its use in Dallas by
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Hardin-Burrola, Elizabeth; Sarath, Carol; Rosebrough, Bob (2017).
2807:"Taking Native American fashion 'Beyond Buckskin' and headdresses" 1030: 1013: 912: 554: 506:
Native American Fashion: Modern Adaptations of Traditional Designs
501: 457: 442: 932:, "the first Native American fashion magazine". Jessica Metcalf ( 512:) and Myrtle Raining Bird (Chippewa-Cree) operated their company 4607: 4521: 893: 412:
unity in the quest for political power through self-expression.
365: 321: 307: 4089: 3882: 3608:. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. 2836:. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. 1135: 4749: 3862: 3714: 2982: 2557: 2379: 2377: 3947: 3707:[Bolivian aimara designer presents new collection]. 3577:"No Doubt apologize to Native Americans for Wild West video" 3318:"Native high fashion: then, now and into the future (pt. 3)" 3285:"Native high fashion: then, now and into the future (pt. 2)" 3252:"Native high fashion: then, now and into the future (pt. 1)" 3185:. Gardena, North Dakota: Jessica R. Metcalfe. Archived from 2043:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFWest_of_the_City_Magazine2016 (
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released a 2012 video featuring stereotypical images of the
661:-style beadwork. Her line also included innovative bras and 1969: 1967: 1745: 1743: 1741: 2661:"Grammy Fest party in New York attracts top Indian talent" 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1808: 1806: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1615: 1613: 1593: 1591: 1488: 1486: 1093:
Another issue in regard to Native American fashion is the
500:) of Arizona, known for fashion design as well as for her 3483:"Navajo designers gaining share of fashion market (pt 2)" 3154:"VS Fashion Show 2017 Slammed for Cultural Appropriation" 2398:"Even Ike's Mamie Wears Squaw Dresses From Dolores' Shop" 2035: 653:
tribal heritage. They included Cherokee tear dresses and
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and ended up pulling the video and issuing an apology.
829:), who works on costuming for several films, including 645:(Choctaw) established her firm Patta LT with the label 3776:. New York City, New York. 20 May 2017. Archived from 3705:"Diseñadora aimara boliviana presenta nueva colección" 3575:
Sinha-Roy, Piya (4 November 2012). Simao, Paul (ed.).
2786:"Native American designers fight cultural caricatures" 1107:
Textile arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
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Contemporary Native American Fashion Show at the 2015
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Talking Threads: Contemporary Native American Fashions
548:) designed for non-native marketer and anthropologist 3910:
Visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
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Navajo and Hopi Art in Arizona: Continuing Traditions
2352: 2350: 2742:. Okmulgee, Oklahoma: Okmulgee Times. Archived from 2081: 1519: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1217: 847:), who went on to take second place in season 11 of 4990: 4942: 4839: 4730: 4653: 4588: 4579: 4542: 4463: 4389: 4264: 4241: 4198: 4133: 4047: 3999: 3958: 3916: 3654:. Globe, Arizona: Globe Miami Times. Archived from 3450:"Navajo women lay claim to world of fashion (pt 1)" 2179: 2177: 452:, hosted for nearly two decades by fashion expert, 3203: 3179:"Frankie Welch, Politics, and that Cherokee Scarf" 2930: 2687: 2629:"Patta Joest puts the treadle to the metal (pt 2)" 2596:"Patta Joest puts the treadle to the metal (pt 1)" 832:Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull 3552:"Tiny North Dakota town a stylemaker's home base" 1142:. U.S. Department of the Interior. 6 October 2022 1035:The woman on the left is wearing a "Squaw Dress." 621:-Mission), among others. The following year, the 3680:. Phoenix, Arizona. 14 January 2002. p. 78 2276:"Loren Aragon of ACONAV goes from Geek to Chic" 3519:[How fashion helps Mexican artisans]. 3517:"Cómo ayuda la moda a las artesanas mexicanas" 3372:Fur Nation: From the Beaver to Brigitte Bardot 1504: 629:, showcasing creations by non-native designer 566:Healthcare professional and fashion designer, 372:). Gilham catered to working women, designing 263:Gaining coverage from national magazines like 4101: 3894: 332:the founding by New and other artists of the 8: 5086:Indigenous fashion designers of the Americas 4223:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology 2002:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMetcalfe2012b ( 1956:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDeerchild2016 ( 1602:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMetcalfe2012b ( 104:Indigenous designers frequently incorporate 3743:. Missoula, Montana. 3 July 1973. p. 5 2950:"The Reclaiming of Native American Fashion" 2433: 2421: 2383: 2368: 1848: 4585: 4460: 4108: 4094: 4086: 3901: 3887: 3879: 2339:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLatimer2016 ( 2132: 1244:. Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 93–96. 952:) created a compilation of fashion called 790:), who earned a master's degree in art at 597:, located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, hosted 3713:(in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala. 3623:Silversmith, Shondiin (31 October 2013). 3131:"Frankie Welch Has Designs on the Future" 2669:. New York City, New York. Archived from 2518: 2021:sfn error: no target: CITEREFFalcon2009 ( 1997: 1951: 1597: 601:in 1986. The exhibit featured designs by 595:Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian 97:. This is a part of a larger movement of 3625:"Fashion show honors great Native women" 3129:Mansfield, Virginia (22 February 1990). 3004:"Citizen of the Year: Patricia Michaels" 2506: 2234: 2222: 2210: 2198: 2168: 2156: 2108: 2096: 1973: 1927: 1908: 1884: 1872: 1836: 1812: 1797: 1785: 1773: 1749: 1732: 1720: 1708: 1684: 1672: 1655: 1643: 1631: 1619: 1582: 1558: 1546: 1534: 1492: 1477: 1465: 1453: 1441: 1429: 1417: 1405: 1393: 1381: 1369: 1357: 1345: 1333: 1321: 1309: 1297: 1285: 1273: 1160: 1136:"The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990" 917:Santa Fe Indian Market Fashion show 2014 876:In 2005, the IAIA with support from the 3515:Resnik, Jaqueline (12 September 2016). 3316:Metcalfe, Jessica R. (11 August 2013). 3283:Metcalfe, Jessica R. (11 August 2013). 3250:Metcalfe, Jessica R. (11 August 2013). 3177:Metcalfe, Jessica R. (22 March 2012a). 2788:. Atlanta, Georgia: CNN. Archived from 2334: 2322: 1939: 1824: 1761: 1696: 1127: 477:), who acted as the stage director and 5096:Indigenous textile art of the Americas 3633:. Window Rock, Arizona. Archived from 2542: 2530: 2356: 2144: 2016: 1860: 1227: 1178:National Museum of the American Indian 997:National Museum of the American Indian 657:vests, incorporating features such as 176:National Museum of the American Indian 3825:"La moda indígena florece en Ecuador" 3431:. Seattle, Washington. Archived from 2686:Bennett-Begaye, Jourdan (July 2015). 2446: 2444: 2442: 2120: 2057: 1985: 1570: 420:When Josephine Wapp retired in 1975, 328:were modified to become secularized. 299:fabrics using native motifs, such as 95:Native Americans in the United States 71:Ojibwe beaded velvet shirt, Wisconsin 7: 4366:Social media in the fashion industry 3326:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. Z045 3293:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. Z044 3260:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. Z042 3105:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. Z074 3072:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. Z044 3039:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. Z072 2805:Grinberg, Emanuella (1 April 2013). 2183: 2069: 1896: 275:, New began selling his bags at the 3002:Livingston, Joan (9 October 2013). 2784:Grinberg, Emanuella (4 June 2014). 2574:Avila, Theresa (30 December 2015). 869:/Navajo), Consuelo Pascual (Navajo/ 3525:(in Spanish). New York, New York. 3421:Phinney, Susan (19 January 2005). 3202:Metcalfe, Jessica R. (July 2012). 3152:Matera, Avery (22 November 2017). 3012:. Taos, New Mexico. Archived from 2948:Lieber, Chavie (21 January 2016). 2851:Haywood, Phaedra (13 March 2015). 2759:Gilger, Lauren (19 October 2011). 2635:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. 53 2604:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. 52 674:Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 241:. In 1945, New opened a studio in 229:lines he had designed, using hand- 135:Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 99:Indigenous fashion of the Americas 25: 3585:. London, England. Archived from 3229:Metcalfe, Jessica RheAnn (2010). 3095:López, Santana (15 August 2007). 3062:López, Santana (15 August 2007). 3029:López, Santana (15 August 2007). 2977:Leighty, John M. (21 July 1986). 2943:(4): 20–21 – via EBSCOhost. 1202:Museum of Indian Arts and Culture 794:in Kansas, under the tutelage of 334:Institute of American Indian Arts 181:Institute of American Indian Arts 5043: 4208:History of clothing and textiles 4189: 3861:(in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain. 3815: 3794:"Jewel Gilham exhibits fashions" 3758: 3695: 3650:Walker, Jenn (19 October 2013). 3506: 3473: 3341: 3308: 3275: 3120: 3087: 3054: 2929:Lefevre, Camille (August 2016). 2650: 2619: 2451:Driver, Maggie (21 April 2016). 133:In the United States, under the 64: 47: 33: 4141:Environmental impact of fashion 4075:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex 3652:"The Woman Who Wears the Dress" 3550:Ross, Jenna (2 November 2017). 2713:Bhasin, Kim (27 January 2015). 2659:Begley, Maggie (6 March 2003). 1242:Encyclopedia of Race and Racism 3835:. 14 July 2017. Archived from 3717:. 16 July 2016. Archived from 3602:Schmitt, Rory O'Neill (2016). 3491:. Phoenix, Arizona. p. 35 3458:. Phoenix, Arizona. p. 31 3375:. London, England: Routledge. 865:Fest party. Tazbah Gaussoin ( 605:(Navajo), Loretta Tah-Martin ( 1: 2738:Brown, Herman (8 June 2016). 252:, his purses, decorated with 85:and creation of high-fashion 3735:"Indian Fashions Are Unique" 3481:Reid, Betty (28 July 1999). 3448:Reid, Betty (28 July 1999). 3233:(PhD). Tucson, Arizona: The 2627:Baca, Kim (20 August 1999). 2594:Baca, Kim (20 August 1999). 2481:Henry, Bonnie (1995-02-23). 1257:New Mexico Historical Review 1140:Indian Arts and Crafts Board 381:in the Otoe and Iowa style, 358:Indian and Natural movements 3353:First American Art Magazine 2874:Indyke, Dottie (May 2001). 2578:. New York City, New York: 2496:– via Newspapers.com. 2411:– via Newspapers.com. 2396:Roth, Bernie (1954-10-17). 926:), a former model, founded 340:(Scottish) taught weaving. 221:who had graduated from the 5132: 4213:History of Western fashion 3672:"Clothing that's cultural" 3428:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 2833:Legendary Locals of Gallup 857:), developed her own line 792:Pittsburg State University 747:and basketry designs; and 639:Fashion Drums of Red Earth 139:federally recognized tribe 5038: 4218:History of fashion design 4187: 4127:Index of fashion articles 4124: 3945: 3393:American Indian Quarterly 2274:Tupica, Rich (May 2020). 2037:West of the City Magazine 798:; Aresta LaRusso founded 406:countercultural consumers 197:Indian Reorganization Act 5111:Native American clothing 4598:British country clothing 4156:Fashion design copyright 3800:. 1 May 1977. p. 14 3369:Nadeau, Chantal (2005). 3323:The Santa Fe New Mexican 3290:The Santa Fe New Mexican 3257:The Santa Fe New Mexican 3102:The Santa Fe New Mexican 3069:The Santa Fe New Mexican 3036:The Santa Fe New Mexican 2902:Journal of Social Issues 2858:The Santa Fe New Mexican 2740:"Art—a family tradition" 2694:Native People's Magazine 2633:The Santa Fe New Mexican 2601:The Santa Fe New Mexican 954:Beyond Buckskin Lookbook 934:Turtle Mountain Chippewa 878:W. K. Kellogg Foundation 568:Marjorie Bear Don't Walk 448:The fashion show of the 364:) and Remonia Jacobsen ( 360:, such as Jewel Gilham ( 223:Art Institute of Chicago 4957:Anti-sweatshop movement 3210:Native Peoples Magazine 2981:. Boca Raton, Florida. 2689:"What Is Truly Native?" 2434:Parezo & Jones 2009 2422:Parezo & Jones 2009 2384:Parezo & Jones 2009 2369:Parezo & Jones 2009 981:Philbrook Museum of Art 615:Michelle Tsosie Naranjo 353:international acclaim. 79:Native American fashion 5008:Chinoiserie in fashion 3952: 3796:. Kalispell, Montana: 3224:– via EBSCOhost. 2861:. Santa Fe, New Mexico 2708:– via EBSCOhost. 1036: 1023: 1020:Santa Fe Indian Market 918: 780:Margaret Roach Wheeler 678:United States Congress 563: 450:Santa Fe Indian Market 202:In 1942, the American 143:state-recognized tribe 4344:Fashion merchandising 3951: 3556:Reading Eagle Company 3235:University of Arizona 2956:. Washington, D. C.: 1384:, pp. 37, 96–97. 1034: 1017: 938:Gardena, North Dakota 924:Cheyenne River Lakota 916: 903:New York Fashion Week 761:New York Fashion Week 651:Southeastern Woodland 558: 540:in Oklahoma in 1983. 402:Civil Rights Movement 277:Elizabeth Arden Salon 172:assimilation policies 18:First Nations fashion 4919:South Korean fashion 4381:Trickle-down fashion 4319:Fashion illustration 4304:Fashion entrepreneur 4181:Semiotics of fashion 3986:Precolonial painting 3924:Art history timeline 3833:Agence France-Presse 3773:Indian Country Today 3677:The Arizona Republic 3488:The Arizona Republic 3455:The Arizona Republic 2666:Indian Country Today 2483:"Dior of the Desert" 2278:. Native News Online 2099:, pp. 188, 242. 2083:The Arizona Republic 1723:, pp. 180, 258. 1521:The Daily Inter Lake 1408:, pp. 108, 113. 1174:"Native Fashion Now" 977:Salem, Massachusetts 973:Peabody Essex Museum 617:(Santa Clara-Navajo- 342:Josephine Myers-Wapp 5091:Native American art 4967:Sustainable fashion 4934:Vietnamese clothing 4465:Western dress codes 4339:Fashion photography 4314:Fashion forecasting 3865:. 18 September 2017 3562:on November 2, 2017 3136:The Washington Post 2886:on 31 December 2015 2673:on 8 September 2017 2558:Leavitt et al. 2015 2457:Arizona Sonora News 1887:, pp. 231–232. 1800:, pp. 228–229. 1764:, pp. 126–128. 1711:, pp. 177–179. 1634:, pp. 161–162. 1468:, pp. 139–140. 1456:, pp. 155–156. 1420:, pp. 132–133. 991:in Oregon, and the 989:Portland Art Museum 899:UNRESERVED Alliance 625:was established in 464:, initially called 243:Scottsdale, Arizona 207:Frederic H. Douglas 192:forced assimilation 91:fashion accessories 5116:Indigenous fashion 5076:Design occupations 5050:Fashion portal 4998:Ballet and fashion 4982:Zero-waste fashion 4698:Sportswear fashion 4376:Trickle-up fashion 4361:Red carpet fashion 4329:Fashion journalism 4324:Fashion influencer 3953: 3929:Individual artists 3839:on 13 January 2018 3780:on 18 January 2018 3721:on 17 October 2016 3658:on 18 January 2018 3637:on 4 November 2013 3589:on 12 January 2018 3537:on 13 January 2018 3435:on 11 January 2018 3406:10.1353/aiq.0.0058 3164:on 1 December 2017 3139:. Washington, D. C 2989:on 11 January 2018 2914:10.1111/josi.12095 2771:on 11 January 2018 2487:Arizona Daily Star 2402:Arizona Daily Star 2371:, p. 374-375. 2072:, pp. 31, 35. 1658:, p. 160-161. 1198:"Past Exhibitions" 1047:Arizona Daily Star 1037: 1024: 942:Bethany Yellowtail 919: 771:) of southwestern 735:), who trained at 676:was passed by the 655:Seminole patchwork 623:Red Earth Festival 564: 483:Santa Clara Pueblo 254:hand-worked metals 5058: 5057: 5025:Music and fashion 4835: 4834: 4785:Thrift store chic 4613:Cruise collection 4575: 4574: 4500:Black lounge suit 4284:Designer clothing 4279:Clothing industry 4146:Fashion accessory 4083: 4082: 3939:Women in the arts 3615:978-1-62585-560-2 3382:978-1-134-72482-6 3016:on 8 January 2018 2964:on 5 January 2018 2843:978-1-4396-6344-8 2792:on 13 August 2014 2765:Phoenix New Times 2746:on 8 January 2018 2254:Los Angeles Times 2060:, pp. 72–73. 1899:, pp. 52–53. 1300:, pp. 80–81. 1276:, pp. 66–68. 1163:, pp. 66–67. 1087:Victoria's Secret 1083:American frontier 946:Northern Cheyenne 841:Patricia Michaels 765:Angela DeMontigny 741:Pacific Northwest 723:), known for her 667:broomstick skirts 542:Geraldine Sherman 422:Sandy Fife Wilson 16:(Redirected from 5123: 5106:American fashion 5101:Mesoamerican art 5081:Arts occupations 5048: 5047: 5046: 5003:Capsule wardrobe 4962:Circular fashion 4944:Fashion activism 4909:Nigerian fashion 4904:Japanese fashion 4862:Filipino fashion 4852:Canadian fashion 4847:American fashion 4586: 4461: 4193: 4110: 4103: 4096: 4087: 3903: 3896: 3889: 3880: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3820: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3805: 3798:Daily Inter Lake 3789: 3787: 3785: 3763: 3762: 3756: 3750: 3748: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3700: 3699: 3693: 3687: 3685: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3619: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3558:. Archived from 3546: 3544: 3542: 3533:. Archived from 3511: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3496: 3478: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3463: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3417: 3386: 3365: 3346: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3331: 3313: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3298: 3280: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3265: 3246: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3207: 3205:"Native Couture" 3198: 3196: 3194: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3160:. Archived from 3148: 3146: 3144: 3125: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3110: 3092: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3077: 3059: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3044: 3025: 3023: 3021: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2985:. Archived from 2973: 2971: 2969: 2960:. Archived from 2944: 2934: 2932:"Native Threads" 2925: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2882:. Archived from 2870: 2868: 2866: 2847: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2813:. Archived from 2801: 2799: 2797: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2767:. Archived from 2755: 2753: 2751: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2721:. 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Coast 4060:Native American 4043: 3995: 3954: 3943: 3912: 3907: 3877: 3868: 3866: 3851: 3842: 3840: 3823: 3814: 3803: 3801: 3792: 3783: 3781: 3766: 3757: 3746: 3744: 3733: 3724: 3722: 3703: 3694: 3683: 3681: 3670: 3661: 3659: 3649: 3640: 3638: 3622: 3616: 3601: 3592: 3590: 3574: 3565: 3563: 3549: 3540: 3538: 3514: 3505: 3494: 3492: 3480: 3472: 3461: 3459: 3447: 3438: 3436: 3420: 3389: 3383: 3368: 3349: 3340: 3329: 3327: 3315: 3307: 3296: 3294: 3282: 3274: 3263: 3261: 3249: 3228: 3219: 3217: 3201: 3192: 3190: 3189:on 16 July 2017 3183:Beyond Buckskin 3176: 3167: 3165: 3151: 3142: 3140: 3128: 3119: 3108: 3106: 3094: 3086: 3075: 3073: 3061: 3053: 3042: 3040: 3028: 3019: 3017: 3001: 2992: 2990: 2976: 2967: 2965: 2947: 2928: 2898: 2889: 2887: 2873: 2864: 2862: 2850: 2844: 2829: 2820: 2818: 2804: 2795: 2793: 2783: 2774: 2772: 2758: 2749: 2747: 2737: 2728: 2726: 2719:Huffington Post 2712: 2703: 2701: 2685: 2676: 2674: 2658: 2649: 2638: 2636: 2626: 2618: 2607: 2605: 2593: 2584: 2582: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2556: 2549: 2541: 2537: 2529: 2525: 2517: 2513: 2505: 2501: 2492: 2490: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2466: 2464: 2450: 2449: 2440: 2432: 2428: 2420: 2416: 2407: 2405: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2382: 2375: 2367: 2363: 2355: 2348: 2338: 2333: 2329: 2321: 2317: 2307: 2305: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2281: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2259: 2257: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2233: 2229: 2221: 2217: 2209: 2205: 2197: 2190: 2182: 2175: 2167: 2163: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2139: 2133:Livingston 2013 2131: 2127: 2119: 2115: 2107: 2103: 2095: 2091: 2080: 2076: 2068: 2064: 2056: 2052: 2042: 2034: 2030: 2020: 2015: 2011: 2001: 1996: 1992: 1988:, p. Z074. 1984: 1980: 1976:, p. Z043. 1972: 1965: 1955: 1950: 1946: 1938: 1934: 1926: 1915: 1907: 1903: 1895: 1891: 1883: 1879: 1871: 1867: 1859: 1855: 1847: 1843: 1835: 1831: 1823: 1819: 1811: 1804: 1796: 1792: 1784: 1780: 1772: 1768: 1760: 1756: 1752:, p. Z042. 1748: 1739: 1731: 1727: 1719: 1715: 1707: 1703: 1695: 1691: 1683: 1679: 1671: 1662: 1654: 1650: 1642: 1638: 1630: 1626: 1618: 1611: 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5021: 5020: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4994: 4992: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4948: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4900: 4899: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4877:Indian fashion 4874: 4872:German fashion 4869: 4867:French fashion 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4843: 4841: 4837: 4836: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4736: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4718: 4717: 4707: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4659: 4657: 4655:Street fashion 4651: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4594: 4592: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4569: 4567:Modest fashion 4564: 4559: 4554: 4548: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4536: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4527:Cocktail dress 4524: 4514: 4513: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4492: 4491: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4469: 4467: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4433: 4428: 4418: 4417: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4395: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4357: 4356: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4309:Fashion editor 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4270: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4247: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4204: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4166:Fashion museum 4163: 4161:Fashion matrix 4158: 4153: 4151:Fashion design 4148: 4143: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4130: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4115: 4113: 4112: 4105: 4098: 4090: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4014: 4009: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3994: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3920: 3918: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3898: 3891: 3883: 3876: 3875: 3849: 3821: 3810:Newspapers.com 3790: 3764: 3753:Newspapers.com 3740:The Missoulian 3731: 3701: 3690:Newspapers.com 3668: 3647: 3620: 3614: 3599: 3572: 3547: 3512: 3501:Newspapers.com 3468:Newspapers.com 3445: 3418: 3400:(3): 373–404. 3387: 3381: 3366: 3347: 3336:Newspapers.com 3303:Newspapers.com 3270:Newspapers.com 3247: 3226: 3199: 3174: 3149: 3126: 3115:Newspapers.com 3082:Newspapers.com 3049:Newspapers.com 3026: 2999: 2974: 2945: 2937:American Craft 2926: 2896: 2871: 2848: 2842: 2827: 2817:on 10 May 2016 2802: 2781: 2756: 2735: 2725:on 1 July 2017 2710: 2683: 2656: 2645:Newspapers.com 2614:Newspapers.com 2591: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2562: 2547: 2535: 2523: 2519:Sinha-Roy 2012 2511: 2499: 2473: 2438: 2436:, p. 385. 2426: 2424:, p. 384. 2414: 2388: 2386:, p. 375. 2373: 2361: 2346: 2327: 2315: 2289: 2266: 2239: 2237:, p. 354. 2227: 2225:, p. 339. 2215: 2213:, p. 263. 2203: 2188: 2173: 2171:, p. 258. 2161: 2159:, p. 246. 2149: 2137: 2125: 2113: 2111:, p. 190. 2101: 2089: 2074: 2062: 2050: 2028: 2009: 1998:Metcalfe 2012b 1990: 1978: 1963: 1952:Deerchild 2016 1944: 1932: 1930:, p. 242. 1913: 1901: 1889: 1877: 1875:, p. 230. 1865: 1853: 1841: 1839:, p. 233. 1829: 1817: 1815:, p. 228. 1802: 1790: 1788:, p. 218. 1778: 1776:, p. 217. 1766: 1754: 1737: 1735:, p. 163. 1725: 1713: 1701: 1689: 1687:, p. 169. 1677: 1675:, p. 165. 1660: 1648: 1646:, p. 160. 1636: 1624: 1622:, p. 159. 1609: 1598:Metcalfe 2012b 1587: 1585:, p. 152. 1575: 1563: 1561:, p. 151. 1551: 1549:, p. 216. 1539: 1537:, p. 214. 1527: 1512: 1506:The Missoulian 1497: 1495:, p. 199. 1482: 1480:, p. 147. 1470: 1458: 1446: 1444:, p. 136. 1434: 1432:, p. 133. 1422: 1410: 1398: 1396:, p. 102. 1386: 1374: 1362: 1350: 1338: 1326: 1314: 1302: 1290: 1278: 1266: 1247: 1232: 1213: 1189: 1165: 1153: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1112:Inuit clothing 1109: 1102: 1099: 1028: 1025: 1005:Tahltan Nation 979:, traveled to 910: 907: 882:Tribal Fusions 867:Picuris Pueblo 850:Project Runway 757:Cochiti Pueblo 708: 705: 687:Next Top Model 647:Dancing Rabbit 514:Sitting Eagles 471:Marcus Amerman 417: 414: 304:basket weaving 272:The New Yorker 258:apprenticeship 239:leather crafts 215:Lloyd Kiva New 204:anthropologist 185:Lloyd Kiva New 166: 163: 70: 63: 62: 61: 54:Ribbonwork by 53: 46: 45: 44: 39: 32: 31: 30: 29: 28: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5128: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5051: 5041: 5040: 5037: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4720: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4708: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4652: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4635:Sloane Ranger 4633: 4631: 4628: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4518: 4515: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4478:Morning dress 4476: 4475: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4462: 4456: 4453: 4449: 4446: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4422: 4419: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4388: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4192: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4171:Fashion plate 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4111: 4106: 4104: 4099: 4097: 4092: 4091: 4088: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4029:Kwakwakaʼwakw 4027: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4004: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3950: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3934:Pre-Columbian 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3904: 3899: 3897: 3892: 3890: 3885: 3884: 3881: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3858:La Vanguardia 3854: 3850: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3754: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3732: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3691: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3669: 3657: 3653: 3648: 3636: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3600: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3509: 3502: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3476: 3469: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3434: 3430: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3388: 3384: 3378: 3374: 3373: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3356:(13): 70–75. 3355: 3354: 3348: 3344: 3337: 3325: 3324: 3319: 3311: 3304: 3292: 3291: 3286: 3278: 3271: 3259: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3200: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3175: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3123: 3116: 3104: 3103: 3098: 3090: 3083: 3071: 3070: 3065: 3057: 3050: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3015: 3011: 3010: 3009:The Taos News 3005: 3000: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2975: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2897: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2876:"Jamie Okuma" 2872: 2860: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2845: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2828: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2684: 2672: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2646: 2634: 2630: 2622: 2615: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2571: 2566: 2560:, p. 40. 2559: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2527: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2512: 2508: 2507:Grinberg 2014 2503: 2500: 2488: 2484: 2477: 2474: 2463:on 2018-01-18 2462: 2458: 2454: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2415: 2403: 2399: 2392: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2336: 2331: 2328: 2325:, p. 20. 2324: 2319: 2316: 2304: 2300: 2293: 2290: 2277: 2270: 2267: 2256: 2255: 2250: 2243: 2240: 2236: 2235:Metcalfe 2010 2231: 2228: 2224: 2223:Metcalfe 2010 2219: 2216: 2212: 2211:Metcalfe 2010 2207: 2204: 2200: 2199:Grinberg 2013 2195: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2169:Metcalfe 2010 2165: 2162: 2158: 2157:Metcalfe 2010 2153: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2114: 2110: 2109:Metcalfe 2010 2105: 2102: 2098: 2097:Metcalfe 2010 2093: 2090: 2087:, p. 78. 2086: 2084: 2078: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2051: 2046: 2040: 2038: 2032: 2029: 2024: 2018: 2013: 2010: 2005: 2000:, p. 84. 1999: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1974:Metcalfe 2013 1970: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1953: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1928:Metcalfe 2010 1924: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1911:, p. 16. 1910: 1909:Metcalfe 2010 1905: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1885:Metcalfe 2010 1881: 1878: 1874: 1873:Metcalfe 2010 1869: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1842: 1838: 1837:Metcalfe 2010 1833: 1830: 1826: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1813:Metcalfe 2010 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1798:Metcalfe 2010 1794: 1791: 1787: 1786:Metcalfe 2010 1782: 1779: 1775: 1774:Metcalfe 2010 1770: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1750:Metcalfe 2013 1746: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1733:Metcalfe 2010 1729: 1726: 1722: 1721:Metcalfe 2010 1717: 1714: 1710: 1709:Metcalfe 2010 1705: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1685:Metcalfe 2010 1681: 1678: 1674: 1673:Metcalfe 2010 1669: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1656:Metcalfe 2010 1652: 1649: 1645: 1644:Metcalfe 2010 1640: 1637: 1633: 1632:Metcalfe 2010 1628: 1625: 1621: 1620:Metcalfe 2010 1616: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1600:, p. 86. 1599: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1583:Metcalfe 2010 1579: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1559:Metcalfe 2010 1555: 1552: 1548: 1547:Metcalfe 2010 1543: 1540: 1536: 1535:Metcalfe 2010 1531: 1528: 1525:, p. 14. 1524: 1522: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1507: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1493:Metcalfe 2010 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1478:Metcalfe 2010 1474: 1471: 1467: 1466:Metcalfe 2010 1462: 1459: 1455: 1454:Metcalfe 2010 1450: 1447: 1443: 1442:Metcalfe 2010 1438: 1435: 1431: 1430:Metcalfe 2010 1426: 1423: 1419: 1418:Metcalfe 2010 1414: 1411: 1407: 1406:Metcalfe 2010 1402: 1399: 1395: 1394:Metcalfe 2010 1390: 1387: 1383: 1382:Metcalfe 2010 1378: 1375: 1372:, p. 91. 1371: 1370:Metcalfe 2010 1366: 1363: 1360:, p. 89. 1359: 1358:Metcalfe 2010 1354: 1351: 1348:, p. 87. 1347: 1346:Metcalfe 2010 1342: 1339: 1335: 1334:Metcalfe 2010 1330: 1327: 1324:, p. 84. 1323: 1322:Metcalfe 2010 1318: 1315: 1312:, p. 82. 1311: 1310:Metcalfe 2010 1306: 1303: 1299: 1298:Metcalfe 2010 1294: 1291: 1288:, p. 69. 1287: 1286:Metcalfe 2010 1282: 1279: 1275: 1274:Metcalfe 2010 1270: 1267: 1263:(4): 439–470. 1262: 1258: 1251: 1248: 1243: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1203: 1199: 1193: 1190: 1179: 1175: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1161:Metcalfe 2010 1157: 1154: 1141: 1137: 1131: 1128: 1122: 1117: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1095:stereotypical 1091: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1075:Navajo Nation 1072: 1068: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1057:Cele Peterson 1053: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1042:squaw dresses 1033: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 969: 967: 966:Pueblo Revolt 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 930: 925: 915: 908: 906: 904: 900: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 874: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 851: 846: 842: 838: 834: 833: 828: 824: 820: 819:Ohkay Owingeh 816: 812: 811:Pearl Sunrise 807: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 729:Dorothy Grant 726: 722: 718: 714: 706: 704: 702: 697: 696:Métiers d'Art 693: 689: 688: 683: 679: 675: 670: 668: 664: 660: 659:Plains Tribes 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 633:, along with 632: 628: 627:Oklahoma City 624: 620: 619:Laguna Pueblo 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 591: 589: 585: 584:Selina Curley 581: 577: 573: 569: 561: 557: 553: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 522:Isleta Pueblo 519: 515: 511: 510:Chippewa-Cree 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 490:Margaret Wood 486: 484: 480: 479:RoseMary Diaz 476: 472: 467: 466:Native Influx 463: 459: 455: 451: 446: 444: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 415: 413: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 392: 388: 384: 380: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 354: 351: 347: 343: 339: 338:Azalea Thorpe 335: 329: 327: 323: 320: 316: 312: 309: 305: 302: 298: 297:silk screened 294: 290: 286: 282: 281:Neiman Marcus 278: 274: 273: 268: 267: 261: 259: 255: 251: 250:medicine bags 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 205: 200: 198: 193: 188: 186: 182: 177: 173: 164: 162: 158: 155: 151: 146: 144: 140: 136: 131: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 112: 111:haute couture 107: 102: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 67: 57: 50: 36: 27: 19: 4972:Slow fashion 4952:Anti-fashion 4929:Thai fashion 4590:Smart casual 4510:Evening gown 4349:Fast fashion 4294:Fashion blog 4256:Fashion week 4251:Fashion show 4233:21st century 4228:19th century 4007:Coast Salish 3970: 3867:. Retrieved 3856: 3841:. Retrieved 3837:the original 3829:El Telégrafo 3808:– via 3802:. Retrieved 3782:. Retrieved 3778:the original 3771: 3751:– via 3745:. Retrieved 3738: 3723:. Retrieved 3719:the original 3710:Prensa Libre 3708: 3688:– via 3682:. Retrieved 3675: 3660:. Retrieved 3656:the original 3639:. Retrieved 3635:the original 3630:Navajo Times 3628: 3604: 3591:. Retrieved 3587:the original 3580: 3564:. Retrieved 3560:the original 3555: 3539:. Retrieved 3535:the original 3520: 3499:– via 3493:. Retrieved 3486: 3466:– via 3460:. Retrieved 3453: 3437:. Retrieved 3433:the original 3426: 3397: 3391: 3371: 3351: 3334:– via 3328:. Retrieved 3321: 3301:– via 3295:. Retrieved 3288: 3268:– via 3262:. Retrieved 3255: 3243:10150/194057 3230: 3218:. Retrieved 3213: 3209: 3191:. Retrieved 3187:the original 3182: 3166:. Retrieved 3162:the original 3157: 3141:. Retrieved 3134: 3113:– via 3107:. Retrieved 3100: 3080:– via 3074:. Retrieved 3067: 3047:– via 3041:. Retrieved 3034: 3018:. 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Index

First Nations fashion


Ardina Moore

design
clothing
fashion accessories
Native Americans in the United States
Indigenous fashion of the Americas
motifs
haute couture
beadwork
quillwork
leather
textile arts
Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990
federally recognized tribe
state-recognized tribe
pan-Indian
market share
assimilation policies
National Museum of the American Indian
Institute of American Indian Arts
Lloyd Kiva New
forced assimilation
Indian Reorganization Act
anthropologist
Frederic H. Douglas
fashion show

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