227:
234:
497:
Rai as a brother of
Prithviraj. Firishta also describes Prithviraj and Govind Rai as brothers, stating that the two men marched against the Ghurids in alliance with other Indian rulers. Firishta portrays Govind Rai as someone who was almost equally as powerful as Prithviraj, presumably because Govind Rai was the ruler of Delhi, which had become politically important by Firishta's time.
694:, pp. 38–39: "The age of around 800 AD could be termed as age of steepe horsemens. The Rajputs were about to be outclassed by their outdated methods of War in era of brutuality. In 1191, Ghori fought the Rajput confederacy of one lakh Rajput calvalrymen led by Prithviraj at place called Tarain"
496:
of Hind". These rulers included Govind Rai, the ruler of Delhi. Sirhindi states that Govind Rai Tomar, seated on an elephant, was at the frontline, suggesting that he was the commander-in-chief of
Prithviraj's army. Sirhindi and later chroniclers, such as Nizam al-Din and Bada'uni, describe Govind
398:
These chroniclers call
Prithviraj by various names including "Rae Kolah Pithorā" (Minhaj), "Pithor Rai" (Sirhindi), and "Pithow Ray" (Firishta). They call Prithviraj's commander-in-chief Govind Rai Tomar as "Gobind Rae" (Minhaj); "Gobind Rai" (Sirhindi); Khand, Khanda, or Khandi (Nizam al-Din and
534:
Mu'izz ad-Din left for Ghazni, leaving behind a garrison at
Tabarhindah. Prithviraj besieged the fort, and captured it sometime before the second battle of Tarain. He did not pursue the Ghurid army, either not wanting to invade hostile territory or misjudging Mu'izz ad-Din's ambition.
720:, pp. 40–42: "Cavalry was not suited for laying siege to forts and Rajputs lacked both the siege machines and infantry to storm and destroy fortress walls. Tulaki was able to keep Prithviraj at bay for thirteen months. Within this time, Mahmud Ghori had raised 120,000 cavalry."
513:, severely wounding Mu'izz ad-Din's upper arm. According to Minhaj, Mu'izz ad-Din would have died or been captured, had a young soldier not led his horse to safety. After his departure from the battlefield, the Ghurid troops were disheartened and defeated.
459:, which describes Mu'izz ad-Din as an "evil" beef-eating "demon", portrays the envoy as an extremely ugly person whose "ghastly white" complexion made him appear to be suffering from a skin disease, and whose speech was like "the cry of wild birds".
679:
Never had
Mohmmad's troops faced such a well-trained foe, and in 1191 (no particular date has been recorded) the Rajputs had the upper hand, no numbers have been recorded either, but all account states that the Rajputs outnumbered the Moslem
504:
According to
Sirhindi, the Ghurid troops suffered reverses despite having fought bravely: when Mu'izz ad-Din saw this, he charged against Govind Rai. Minhaj states that Mu'izz ad-Din, who was riding a horse, attacked Govind Rai with a
518:
The Sultan turned his charger's head round and receded, and from the agony of the wound he was unable to continue on horseback any longer. Defeat befell the army of Islām so that it was irretrievably routed.
500:
The Ghurid cavalry initiated the battle by launching arrows at the enemy center. The
Chahamana forces counter-attacked from three sides and dominated the battle, pressuring the Ghurid army into a withdrawal.
300:) to delay the Rajput army and was successful in keeping them at bay for thirteen months, while Muhammad of Ghor, during these months, raised a stronger army of 120,000 men, and invaded again, leading to the
580:
621:
296:
After the Ghurid armies were routed, they retreated to the Ghazni and left garrison of 2,000 soldiers under Zia ud-Din Tulaki to secure the fort of
Tabarhind (present day
489:. Mu'izz ad-Din was about to leave Tabarhindah, when he received the news of Prithviraj's approach; he then marched against Prithviraj, and the two armies met at Tarain.
549:
449:, describes the envoy as a "prominent dignitary", who conveyed Mu'izz ad-Din's message to Prithviraj "in a refined and graceful manner", using "elegant language". The
247:
1040:
469:
The Ghurid campaign that led to the first battle of Tarain may have started in 1190, but the actual battle was most probably fought in the winter of 1191 CE.
441:
Mu'izz ad-Din sent his envoy - the Chief Judge Qiwam-ul Mulk Ruknud Din Hamza - to the court of
Prithviraj, to persuade him to come to a peaceful agreement.
1080:
226:
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994:
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672:
30:
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293:, India). The battle ended in decisive victory for the Rajputs; however, Muhammad of Ghor managed to escape and returned to Ghazni.
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64:
544:
1075:
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375:
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Prithviraj refused to agree to the Ghurid envoy's terms, which according to Hasan Nizami, included converting to
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144:
1070:
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Prithviraj was accompanied by a number of feudatory rulers, whom Minhaj describes as "the whole of the
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and accepting the Ghurid suzerainty. Mu'izz ad-Din then decided to invade the
Chahamana kingdom.
455:
322:
282:
185:
112:
Prithviraj retakes the fortress of Tabarhindh after a thirteen month siege (possibly present-day
1011:
990:
969:
948:
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477:
Sometime before 1191, Mu'izz ad-Din's army captured the Tabarhindh fort (probably present-day
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345:
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481:), which was presumably under Chahamana control. According to Sirhindi, sometime in 1191 (
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493:
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446:
317:
1007:
A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
1005:
984:
963:
942:
918:
662:
509:, hitting his mouth and breaking two of his teeth. Govind Rai retaliated with a
485:
587), Prithviraj marched against the Ghurid army with infantry, cavalry, and an
329:
Later sources for the battle include the following Persian-language chronicles:
482:
79:
66:
427:
579:
Singh, Brig K Kuldip (28 October 2023). "Chapter 7: THE GATHERING CLOUDS".
434:) Kingdom in present-day Gujarat and northern Rajasthan. Subsequently, the
478:
387:
297:
113:
920:
The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000
986:
Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526)
510:
290:
286:
189:
53:
582:
Indian Military Thought KURUKSHETRA to KARGIL and Future Perspectives
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Ghurids defeated the Ghaznavids, and conquered Lahore in 1186
965:
India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil
623:
Soul and Sword: The Endless Battle Over Political Hinduism
664:
100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present
402:
The later sources written in Indic languages include
422:
Mu'izz ad-Din captured Multan in 1175, and in 1178,
626:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 19.
872:
312:The contemporary sources for the battle include
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550:Vigraharaja IV's first war against the Muslims
8:
717:
691:
269:, was fought in 1191 between the invading
20:
195:
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667:. Oxford University Press. p. 133.
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399:Bada'uni); and Chawund Ray (Firishta).
639:
598:
251:Location of the First Battle of Tarain
16:1191 battle near modern Taraori, India
7:
1041:Battles involving the Ghurid dynasty
320:(on the Ghurid side) and Jayanaka's
31:Indian campaigns of Muhammad of Ghor
545:List of battles fought in Rajasthan
445:, a chronicle by the Muslim writer
947:. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass.
620:Sengupta, Hindol (December 2023).
14:
555:Slaughter of Turushkas near Ajmer
1081:Battles involving Turkic peoples
232:
225:
213:Unknown, outnumbered by Rajputs
923:. Cambridge University Press.
304:, which ended Chauhan's rule.
233:
1:
1046:Battles involving the Rajputs
646:: CS1 maint: date and year (
605:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1086:Battles involving the Tajiks
1102:
1004:Spencer C. Tucker (2009).
585:. Lancer Publishers LLC.
326:(on the Chahamana side).
220:
216:100,000 Rajput cavalrymen
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145:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
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36:
28:
356:Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi
983:Satish Chandra (2006).
944:Early Chauhān Dynasties
917:Cynthia Talbot (2015).
707:. Government of Punjab.
560:Second Battle of Tarain
302:Second Battle of Tarain
267:First Battle of Taraori
873:Spencer C. Tucker 2009
521:
424:unsuccessfully invaded
376:`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni
285:, near Tarain (modern
263:First Battle of Tarain
182:Qazi Zia ud-Din Tulaki
158:Commanders and leaders
24:First Battle of Tarain
1036:12th century in India
661:Paul K.Davis (2001).
381:Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh
360:Tarikh-I-Mubarakshahi
968:. Orient Blackswan.
962:Kaushik Roy (2004).
394:(early 17th century)
265:, also spelt as the
248:class=notpageimage|
138:Rajput Confederation
900:Satish Chandra 2006
888:Cynthia Talbot 2015
861:Cynthia Talbot 2015
849:Cynthia Talbot 2015
830:Cynthia Talbot 2015
813:Cynthia Talbot 2015
801:Cynthia Talbot 2015
786:Cynthia Talbot 2015
771:Cynthia Talbot 2015
759:Cynthia Talbot 2015
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730:Cynthia Talbot 2015
76: /
1076:History of Haryana
705:"Bhatinda History"
456:Prithviraja Vijaya
366:Nizam al-Din Ahmad
323:Prithviraja Vijaya
283:Prithviraj Chauhan
279:Rajput Confederacy
186:Prithviraj Chauhan
1056:Conflicts in 1192
1051:Conflicts in 1191
1017:978-1-85109-672-5
996:978-81-241-1064-5
975:978-81-7824-109-8
939:Dasharatha Sharma
749:, pp. 86–87.
732:, pp. 29–30.
674:978-0-19-514366-9
405:Hammira Mahakavya
392:Tarikh-i Firishta
346:Abdul Malik Isami
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453:-sponsored text
370:Tabaqat-i Akbari
350:Futuh-us-Salatin
339:Tabaqat-i Nasiri
275:Muhammad of Ghor
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1061:1191 in Asia
1010:. ABC-CLIO.
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271:Ghurid army
107:Territorial
83: /
1030:Categories
566:References
524:Minhaj in
483:Hijri year
473:The battle
418:Background
642:cite book
601:cite book
451:Chahamana
428:Chaulukya
362:(1434 CE)
352:(c. 1350)
342:(1260 CE)
941:(1959).
539:See also
479:Bathinda
388:Firishta
298:Bhatinda
277:and the
208:Strength
114:Bhatinda
49:Location
29:Part of
511:javelin
432:Solanki
308:Sources
291:Haryana
287:Taraori
281:led by
273:led by
166: (
109:changes
102:victory
71:76°56′E
68:29°47′N
54:Taraori
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240:Tarain
202:Skanda
100:Rajput
96:Result
58:Karnal
56:(near
507:lance
494:Ranas
464:Islam
1012:ISBN
991:ISBN
970:ISBN
949:ISBN
925:ISBN
680:army
669:ISBN
648:link
628:ISBN
607:link
587:ISBN
426:the
408:and
261:The
44:1191
41:Date
390:'s
378:'s
368:'s
358:'s
348:'s
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316:of
289:in
196:WIA
169:WIA
1032::
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