29:
257:
With treatment, the prognosis of Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome is excellent with vast majority of patients seeing complete resolution of symptoms. Complications of the disease include infertility, small bowel obstruction due to adhesions, chronic pelvic pain, recurrent salpingitis, and ectopic pregnancy.
185:
The signs and symptoms of Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome greatly overlap with numerous other abdominal and pelvic pathologies. It is important for practitioners to perform a thorough history and physical as the differential for the symptoms of Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome include cholecystitis, appendicitis,
128:
have also been found to cause Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome on occasion. Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome was originally studied solely as a complication of PID secondary to
Gonorrhea, but studies have now shown that Chlamydia is the most common causal pathogen. Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome occurs in 5-15% of
198:
Radiographic studies are often indicated to rule out other thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic pathologies. Chest and abdominal radiographs may be indicated to rule out pulmonary pathologies and to assess for free air under the diaphragm in the case of intestinal perforation. Abdominal and pelvic
232:
The mainstay of treatment of Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome is antibiotics targeted at the causal organism. The CDC recommends a low threshold for treatment given the high risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancies with untreated disease. Antibiotic therapy should cover the most common pathogens
223:
with direct visualization of the characteristic "violin string adhesions" along with liver capsule scarring and inflammation. Antibody testing of 57-kDa chlamydial heat-shock protein can be done in cases where all other tests have been non-diagnostic and the clinical suspicion remains high.
80:. Both Fitz-Hugh and Curtis regularly found these adhesions during laparotomy in patients with the clinical syndrome of RUQ with concern for gallbladder pathology; however, no abdominal pathology was found in these patients but residual gonococcal tubal changes were often noted.
168:
Patients are most often women of childbearing age. There are a number of risk factors for the development of Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome, these include having multiple sexual partners, history of sexually transmitted disease, history of PID, use of an
1240:
156:
to the right shoulder. There is usually also tenderness on palpation of the right upper abdomen and tenderness to percussion of the lower ribs which protect the liver. Patients may also report fevers, malaise, back pain, pelvic pain,
203:(CT) scan should be obtained in the case that the clinical suspicion for appendicitis is high. In cases of Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome, the CT scan may show increased blood flow to the liver capsule secondary to the inflammation.
194:
The workup for Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome at presentation begins with ruling out pregnancy or an ectopic pregnancy with a pregnancy test, this can also help guide antibiotic therapy if indicated to prevent teratogens.
1333:
68:
Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome, or perihepatitis, was first described by Carlos
Stajano in 1920, who found adhesions between the liver capsule and the abdominal wall in patients suffering from gonococcal infections.
209:
are often obtained is these patients as part of the initial workup, since Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome does not involve direct damage to the liver, LFTs will be normal or only slightly elevated.
212:
After ruling out other concerning pathologies if suspicion is high, the workup for Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome involves testing for sexually transmitted diseases (Chlamydia and
Gonorrhea) with
1326:
1319:
390:
Lopez-Zeno, J. A.; Keith, L. G.; Berger, G. S. (August 1985). "The Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome revisited. Changing perspectives after half a century".
937:
Brun, J.-L.; Castan, B.; de
Barbeyrac, B.; Cazanave, C.; Charvériat, A.; Faure, K.; Mignot, S.; Verdon, R.; Fritel, X.; Graesslin, O. (May 2019).
274:
Peter, N. G.; Clark, L. R.; Jaeger, J. R. (2004). "Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: a diagnosis to consider in women with right upper quadrant pain".
2157:
1208:
1189:
1161:
834:
700:
675:
491:
You, Je Sung; Kim, Min Joung; Chung, Hyun Soo; Chung, Yong Eun; Park, Incheol; Chung, Sung Phil; Kim, Seungho; Lee, Hahn Shick (2012-07-01).
475:
450:
186:
hepatitis, pregnancy, pyelonephritis, renal colic, pleuritic causes such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and pleurisy, among many others.
241:
as
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea constitute the vast majority of cases, treatment for complicated PID involves the combination of ceftriaxone,
76:, who further studied the syndrome in the 1930s. They noted the classic "violin string adhesions" in female patients presenting with RUQ
2120:
1764:
199:
ultrasounds are critical to rule out common causes of RUQ pain such as cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and abdominal/pelvic abscesses.
2544:
1934:
1453:
140:, a thin layer of connective tissue surrounding the liver. This inflammation and scaring then leads to the characteristic RUQ pain.
601:"Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome associated with tuberculous salpingitis and peritonitis: a case presentation and review of literature"
2529:
2166:
1548:
88:
Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome occurs almost exclusively in women, though it can be seen in males rarely. It is complication of
2534:
2524:
2235:
2461:
2415:
2061:
89:
46:
2056:
1789:
1486:
2503:
2150:
2105:
1674:
2199:
1441:
1259:
216:
from a cervical swab sample. If indicated, urethral, rectal, and/or pharyngeal swabs may be obtained as well.
2539:
2216:
1989:
1939:
1895:
1553:
2264:
1967:
1543:
1382:
1342:
994:"A case of fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome complicated by appendicitis conservatively treated with antibiotics"
2410:
2289:
2228:
2204:
1972:
1826:
1769:
1694:
1632:
1493:
548:
Wølner-Hanssen, P.; Weström, L.; Mårdh, P. A. (1980-04-26). "Perihepatitis and chlamydial salpingitis".
100:
94:
2403:
2369:
2259:
2143:
1984:
1409:
206:
137:
2211:
2195:
2188:
2095:
2034:
1890:
1244:
170:
57:
233:
including
Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, other gram-negatives, and anaerobes. Current guidelines recommend
2549:
2252:
2240:
1962:
1919:
1885:
1821:
1784:
1689:
1639:
1622:
1590:
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1392:
1387:
1135:
974:
919:
808:
753:
581:
299:
73:
336:
Fitz-Hugh, Thomas (1934). "Acute gonococcic peritonitis of the right upper quadrant in women".
132:
The pathogens of PID spread either spontaneous secondary to an ascending infection through the
2391:
1977:
1875:
1558:
1446:
1270:
1204:
1185:
1157:
1127:
1119:
1080:
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640:
622:
573:
565:
530:
512:
471:
446:
407:
399:
291:
213:
1311:
851:"Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Chlamydia trachomatis Infections, 1993"
2100:
2029:
1831:
1659:
1426:
1365:
1111:
1100:"Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: a diagnosis to consider in women with right upper quadrant pain"
1062:
1021:
1005:
950:
895:
884:"Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: a diagnosis to consider in women with right upper quadrant pain"
858:
784:
773:"Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: a diagnosis to consider in women with right upper quadrant pain"
729:
718:"Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: a diagnosis to consider in women with right upper quadrant pain"
630:
612:
557:
520:
504:
372:
345:
283:
2347:
1907:
1850:
1759:
1723:
1664:
1605:
1463:
1374:
425:
219:
The gold standard for diagnosis of Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome, though rarely required, is
2135:
939:"Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases: Updated Guidelines for Clinical Practice – Short version"
28:
2284:
2082:
1944:
1836:
1796:
1774:
1610:
1473:
1458:
1402:
1253:
1249:
1026:
993:
635:
600:
525:
492:
149:
133:
77:
1051:"Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: An incidental diagnostic finding in an infertility workup"
561:
2518:
2357:
2352:
2090:
1615:
1600:
1563:
1498:
1416:
978:
376:
349:
249:. In cases of refractory pain, laparoscopy may be considered for lysis of adhesions.
246:
153:
124:
50:
1139:
923:
812:
757:
585:
303:
2475:
2441:
2377:
2009:
1862:
1741:
1649:
1627:
1568:
1503:
1431:
1346:
238:
53:
1299:
136:, lymphatically, or hematogenous. Inflammation then causes scar tissue to form on
1264:
2480:
2386:
2362:
2014:
1929:
1902:
1866:
1812:
1733:
1718:
1644:
1531:
1508:
1397:
242:
234:
220:
158:
112:
106:
954:
2499:
2456:
2427:
2422:
2309:
2301:
2115:
1999:
1949:
1871:
1779:
1710:
1595:
1421:
1275:
617:
508:
363:
Curtis, Arthur H. (1930). "A cause of adhesions in the right upper quadrant".
1123:
1076:
1067:
1050:
1017:
962:
907:
796:
741:
626:
569:
516:
403:
2494:
2223:
2183:
2004:
1994:
1880:
1350:
1294:
850:
493:"Clinical features of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome in the emergency department"
430:
1131:
1099:
1084:
1035:
970:
938:
915:
883:
862:
804:
772:
749:
717:
644:
534:
295:
152:
aggravated by breathing, coughing or laughing, which may also present with
1115:
899:
788:
733:
577:
411:
287:
72:
The condition is named after the two physicians, Thomas Fitz-Hugh Jr. and
60:
presenting with the clinical syndrome of right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain.
2332:
2276:
2247:
2175:
2110:
1816:
1009:
1232:
2314:
200:
162:
118:
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1751:
1522:
174:
1049:
Onoh, R. C.; Mgbafuru, C. C.; Onubuogu, S. E.; Ugwuoke, I. (2016).
2324:
2139:
1315:
2337:
1156:(21st ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. 2022. p. 1089.
657:
Bailey & Love's Short
Practice of Surgery - 28th Edition
445:(21st ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. 2022. p. 1447.
470:(Tenth ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. p. 936.
148:
The major symptom and signs include an acute onset of RUQ
317:
Stajano, Carlos. "La reaccion frenica en ginecologia".
1098:
Peter, N. G; Clark, L. R; Jaeger, J. R (2004-03-01).
882:
Peter, N. G; Clark, L. R; Jaeger, J. R (2004-03-01).
771:
Peter, N. G; Clark, L. R; Jaeger, J. R (2004-03-01).
716:
Peter, N. G; Clark, L. R; Jaeger, J. R (2004-03-01).
1222:
2438:
2323:
2300:
2275:
2174:
2081:
2074:
2049:
1916:
1849:
1805:
1750:
1732:
1709:
1577:
1530:
1521:
1472:
1373:
1364:
1357:
1285:
1226:
1201:
Tarascon
Emergency Department Quick Reference Guide
943:
Gynécologie, Obstétrique, Fertilité & Sénologie
599:Coremans, Laura; de Clerck, Frederik (2018-03-20).
21:
691:Wing, Edward J.; Schiffman, Fred J., eds. (2022).
466:Wing, Edward J.; Schiffman, Fred J., eds. (2022).
829:(21st ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. 2022.
695:(Tenth ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
670:(21st ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. 2022.
2151:
1327:
8:
992:Kazama, Itsuro; Nakajima, Toshiyuki (2013).
2158:
2144:
2136:
2078:
1855:
1536:
1527:
1370:
1361:
1334:
1320:
1312:
1223:
1154:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
827:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
668:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
443:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
104:(Gonorrhea) though other bacteria such as
27:
18:
1066:
1025:
634:
616:
524:
998:Clinical Medicine Insights: Case Reports
214:nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)
266:
1055:Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice
7:
1184:(4th ed.). E.D. Insight Books.
1182:Quick Essentials: Emergency Medicine
1104:Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
888:Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
777:Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
722:Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
392:The Journal of Reproductive Medicine
276:Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
2121:Persistent genital arousal disorder
14:
2462:Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
1935:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
1454:Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
177:, and being under the age of 25.
377:10.1001/jama.1930.02710420033012
350:10.1001/jama.1934.02750250020010
2504:Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)
2167:Sexually transmitted infections
1549:Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
1:
562:10.1016/s0140-6736(80)90838-7
2236:Mycoplasma hominis infection
1645:Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
1616:Polymenorrhea (epimenorrhea)
1199:Pregerson, D. Brady (2012).
693:Cecil essentials of medicine
468:Cecil essentials of medicine
56:leading to the formation of
2062:Pelvic inflammatory disease
426:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
207:Liver function tests (LFTs)
90:pelvic inflammatory disease
47:pelvic inflammatory disease
2566:
2057:Pelvic congestion syndrome
1487:Fallopian tube obstruction
955:10.1016/j.gofs.2019.03.012
319:Semana Medica Buenes Aires
45:is a rare complication of
2106:Vestibular papillomatosis
2025:
1958:
1858:
1685:
1675:Metropathia haemorrhagica
1539:
1180:Pregerson, Brady (2010).
618:10.1186/s12876-018-0768-0
509:10.3349/ymj.2012.53.4.753
161:, vaginal discharge, and
43:Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome
35:
26:
22:Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome
2545:Rare infectious diseases
2200:lymphogranuloma venereum
1442:Follicular cyst of ovary
1203:. Jones & Bartlett.
1068:10.4103/1119-3077.181357
2217:Klebsiella granulomatis
1940:Sexual arousal disorder
1896:Candidal vulvovaginitis
1554:Endometrial hyperplasia
2530:Gynaecologic disorders
2265:Ureaplasma urealyticum
1383:Endometriosis of ovary
863:10.1037/e546742006-001
497:Yonsei Medical Journal
181:Differential diagnosis
2411:Molluscum contagiosum
2290:Trichomonas vaginalis
2229:Neisseria gonorrhoeae
2205:Chlamydia trachomatis
1827:Vesicouterine fistula
1770:Cervical incompetence
1695:Recurrent miscarriage
1633:Premenstrual syndrome
1494:Fallopian tube cancer
1116:10.3949/ccjm.71.3.233
900:10.3949/ccjm.71.3.233
789:10.3949/ccjm.71.3.233
734:10.3949/ccjm.71.3.233
288:10.3949/ccjm.71.3.233
101:Neisseria gonorrhoeae
95:Chlamydia trachomatis
36:Perihepatic adhesions
2535:Syndromes in females
2525:Chlamydia infections
2371:Human papillomavirus
2260:Ureaplasma infection
1985:Rectovaginal fistula
1410:Poor ovarian reserve
1010:10.4137/CCRep.S11522
605:BMC Gastroenterology
190:Diagnosis and workup
2189:Haemophilus ducreyi
2035:Postcoital bleeding
1963:Urogenital fistulas
1891:Bacterial vaginosis
1544:Asherman's syndrome
201:Computed tomography
173:, use of a vaginal
171:intrauterine device
129:patients with PID.
2253:Treponema pallidum
2241:Mycoplasma hominis
1920:Sexual dysfunction
1886:Atrophic vaginitis
1822:Retroverted uterus
1785:Female infertility
1765:Cervical dysplasia
1690:Female infertility
1482:Female infertility
1437:Corpus luteum cyst
1393:Ovulatory disorder
1388:Female infertility
1286:External resources
74:Arthur Hale Curtis
2512:
2511:
2404:HSV-1 & HSV-2
2392:Hepatitis B virus
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2070:
2069:
2045:
2044:
1978:Obstetric fistula
1876:Vaginal discharge
1845:
1844:
1790:Cervical stenosis
1705:
1704:
1559:Endometrial polyp
1517:
1516:
1447:Theca lutein cyst
1309:
1308:
1210:978-0-7637-8789-9
1191:978-0-9761552-3-2
1163:978-1-264-26850-4
855:PsycEXTRA Dataset
836:978-1-264-26850-4
702:978-0-323-72271-1
677:978-1-264-26850-4
556:(8174): 901–903.
477:978-0-323-72271-1
452:978-1-264-26850-4
138:Glisson's capsule
40:
39:
16:Medical condition
2557:
2491:
2472:
2453:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2137:
2101:Kraurosis vulvae
2096:Bartholin's cyst
2079:
2030:Vaginal bleeding
1923:
1856:
1832:Uterine prolapse
1660:Menometrorrhagia
1584:
1537:
1528:
1427:Ovarian apoplexy
1371:
1362:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1313:
1224:
1214:
1195:
1168:
1167:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1070:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1029:
989:
983:
982:
934:
928:
927:
879:
873:
872:
870:
869:
847:
841:
840:
823:
817:
816:
768:
762:
761:
713:
707:
706:
688:
682:
681:
664:
658:
655:
649:
648:
638:
620:
596:
590:
589:
545:
539:
538:
528:
488:
482:
481:
463:
457:
456:
439:
433:
422:
416:
415:
387:
381:
380:
360:
354:
353:
333:
327:
326:
314:
308:
307:
271:
92:(PID) caused by
49:(PID) involving
31:
19:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2487:
2468:
2449:
2440:
2434:
2378:Genital warts (
2319:
2296:
2271:
2170:
2164:
2134:
2125:
2066:
2041:
2021:
1954:
1917:
1912:
1908:Vaginal atresia
1841:
1801:
1760:Cervical cancer
1746:
1728:
1724:Uterine fibroid
1701:
1681:
1665:Polymenorrhagia
1606:Oligoamenorrhea
1578:
1573:
1513:
1468:
1464:Ovarian torsion
1353:
1343:Female diseases
1340:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1281:
1280:
1235:
1221:
1211:
1198:
1192:
1179:
1176:
1174:Further reading
1171:
1164:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1048:
1047:
1043:
991:
990:
986:
936:
935:
931:
881:
880:
876:
867:
865:
849:
848:
844:
837:
825:
824:
820:
770:
769:
765:
715:
714:
710:
703:
690:
689:
685:
678:
666:
665:
661:
656:
652:
598:
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593:
547:
546:
542:
490:
489:
485:
478:
465:
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460:
453:
441:
440:
436:
423:
419:
389:
388:
384:
362:
361:
357:
335:
334:
330:
316:
315:
311:
273:
272:
268:
264:
255:
230:
192:
183:
146:
134:fallopian tubes
98:(Chlamydia) or
86:
84:Pathophysiology
66:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2540:Rare syndromes
2537:
2532:
2527:
2517:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2497:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2446:
2444:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2420:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2399:Herpes simplex
2396:
2384:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2342:
2329:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2285:Trichomoniasis
2281:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2257:
2245:
2233:
2221:
2209:
2193:
2180:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1968:Ureterovaginal
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1945:Vaginal cancer
1942:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1878:
1869:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1837:Uterine cancer
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1797:Nabothian cyst
1794:
1793:
1792:
1782:
1777:
1775:Cervical polyp
1772:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1611:Oligomenorrhea
1608:
1603:
1598:
1587:
1585:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1478:
1476:
1474:Fallopian tube
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1459:Ovarian cancer
1456:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1403:Oligoovulation
1400:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1267:
1256:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:Classification
1220:
1219:External links
1217:
1216:
1215:
1209:
1196:
1190:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1145:
1110:(3): 233–239.
1090:
1061:(6): 834–836.
1041:
984:
949:(5): 398–403.
929:
894:(3): 233–239.
874:
842:
835:
818:
783:(3): 233–239.
763:
728:(3): 233–239.
708:
701:
683:
676:
659:
650:
591:
540:
503:(4): 753–758.
483:
476:
458:
451:
434:
417:
398:(8): 567–582.
382:
371:(16): 1221–2.
355:
344:(25): 2094–5.
328:
309:
282:(3): 233–239.
265:
263:
260:
254:
251:
229:
226:
191:
188:
182:
179:
150:abdominal pain
145:
142:
85:
82:
78:abdominal pain
65:
62:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2562:
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2397:
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2381:
2376:
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2372:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
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2340:
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2328:
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2316:
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2305:
2303:
2299:
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2237:
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2225:
2222:
2219:
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2213:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2091:Vulvar cancer
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1973:Vesicovaginal
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1835:
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1830:
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1626:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:Hypomenorrhea
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:Endometriosis
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:Hematosalpinx
1497:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:Mittelschmerz
1415:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
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1391:
1390:
1389:
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1352:
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1337:
1332:
1330:
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1323:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
985:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
933:
930:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
878:
875:
864:
860:
856:
852:
846:
843:
838:
832:
828:
822:
819:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
767:
764:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
712:
709:
704:
698:
694:
687:
684:
679:
673:
669:
663:
660:
654:
651:
646:
642:
637:
632:
628:
624:
619:
614:
610:
606:
602:
595:
592:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
544:
541:
536:
532:
527:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
487:
484:
479:
473:
469:
462:
459:
454:
448:
444:
438:
435:
432:
428:
427:
421:
418:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
386:
383:
378:
374:
370:
366:
359:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
332:
329:
324:
320:
313:
310:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
270:
267:
261:
259:
252:
250:
248:
247:metronidazole
244:
240:
236:
227:
225:
222:
217:
215:
210:
208:
204:
202:
196:
189:
187:
180:
178:
176:
172:
166:
164:
160:
155:
154:referred pain
151:
143:
141:
139:
135:
130:
127:
126:
125:Streptococcus
121:
120:
115:
114:
109:
108:
103:
102:
97:
96:
91:
83:
81:
79:
75:
70:
63:
61:
59:
55:
52:
51:liver capsule
48:
44:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2488:
2476:Epididymitis
2469:
2450:
2442:inflammation
2426:
2414:
2390:
2379:
2370:
2336:
2288:
2263:
2251:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2187:
2010:Sigmoidocele
1918:
1863:Hematocolpos
1742:Parametritis
1650:Metrorrhagia
1628:Dysmenorrhea
1581:Menstruation
1579:
1569:Endometritis
1504:Hydrosalpinx
1432:Ovarian cyst
1293:
1269:
1258:
1239:
1200:
1181:
1153:
1148:
1107:
1103:
1093:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1001:
997:
987:
946:
942:
932:
891:
887:
877:
866:. Retrieved
854:
845:
826:
821:
780:
776:
766:
725:
721:
711:
692:
686:
667:
662:
653:
608:
604:
594:
553:
549:
543:
500:
496:
486:
467:
461:
442:
437:
424:
420:
395:
391:
385:
368:
364:
358:
341:
337:
331:
322:
318:
312:
279:
275:
269:
256:
239:azithromycin
231:
218:
211:
205:
197:
193:
184:
167:
147:
144:Presentation
131:
123:
117:
111:
105:
99:
93:
87:
71:
67:
54:inflammation
42:
41:
2481:Prostatitis
2387:Hepatitis B
2338:HIV-1/HIV-2
2212:Donovanosis
2015:Urethrocele
1930:Dyspareunia
1903:Hydrocolpos
1867:Hydrocolpos
1813:Hematometra
1734:Parametrium
1719:Adenomyosis
1532:Endometrium
1509:Salpingitis
1398:Anovulation
243:doxycycline
235:ceftriaxone
221:laparoscopy
159:dyspareunia
113:Gardnerella
107:Bacteroides
2519:Categories
2500:Urethritis
2457:Cervicitis
2428:Zika virus
2423:Zika fever
2310:Crab louse
2116:Vulvodynia
2000:Enterocele
1950:Vaginismus
1872:Leukorrhea
1780:Cervicitis
1711:Myometrium
1596:Amenorrhea
1422:Oophoritis
1271:DiseasesDB
868:2023-12-05
325:: 243–248.
262:References
2550:Gonorrhea
2495:Proctitis
2380:condyloma
2302:Parasitic
2277:Protozoal
2224:Gonorrhea
2196:Chlamydia
2184:Chancroid
2176:Bacterial
2005:Rectocele
1995:Cystocele
1881:Vaginitis
1295:eMedicine
1124:0891-1150
1077:1119-3077
1018:1179-5476
1004:: 35–40.
979:155331927
963:2468-7189
908:0891-1150
797:0891-1150
742:0891-1150
627:1471-230X
611:(1): 42.
570:0140-6736
517:1976-2437
431:eMedicine
404:0024-7758
253:Prognosis
228:Treatment
58:adhesions
2348:cervical
2248:Syphilis
2111:Vulvitis
2075:External
1990:Prolapse
1817:Pyometra
1358:Internal
1351:genitals
1140:24756680
1132:15055246
1085:27811461
1036:23515004
971:30880245
924:24756680
916:15055246
857:. 1993.
813:24756680
805:15055246
758:24756680
750:15055246
645:29558895
586:20898724
535:22665342
304:24756680
296:15055246
2439:General
2344:Cancer
2315:Scabies
1806:General
1345:of the
1300:med/797
1265:C537936
1027:3596056
636:5859724
578:6103259
526:3381477
412:2931518
163:dysuria
119:E. coli
64:History
2489:either
2451:female
2358:penile
2353:vulvar
1851:Vagina
1752:Cervix
1671:Other
1656:Mixed
1640:Timing
1523:Uterus
1366:Adnexa
1347:pelvis
1254:099.56
1250:098.86
1207:
1188:
1160:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1083:
1075:
1034:
1024:
1016:
977:
969:
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803:
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756:
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674:
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633:
625:
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576:
568:
550:Lancet
533:
523:
515:
474:
449:
410:
402:
302:
294:
245:, and
175:douche
2373:(HPV)
2325:Viral
2169:(STI)
2083:Vulva
2050:Other
1375:Ovary
1136:S2CID
975:S2CID
920:S2CID
809:S2CID
754:S2CID
582:S2CID
300:S2CID
2470:male
2363:anal
2333:AIDS
1623:Pain
1591:Flow
1349:and
1276:4843
1260:MeSH
1245:9-CM
1205:ISBN
1186:ISBN
1158:ISBN
1128:PMID
1120:ISSN
1081:PMID
1073:ISSN
1032:PMID
1014:ISSN
967:PMID
959:ISSN
912:PMID
904:ISSN
831:ISBN
801:PMID
793:ISSN
746:PMID
738:ISSN
697:ISBN
672:ISBN
641:PMID
623:ISSN
574:PMID
566:ISSN
531:PMID
513:ISSN
472:ISBN
447:ISBN
408:PMID
400:ISSN
365:JAMA
338:JAMA
292:PMID
237:and
122:and
2416:MCV
1241:ICD
1112:doi
1063:doi
1022:PMC
1006:doi
951:doi
896:doi
859:doi
785:doi
730:doi
631:PMC
613:doi
558:doi
521:PMC
505:doi
429:at
373:doi
346:doi
342:102
284:doi
2521::
2198:,
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1865:/
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1298::
1274::
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1248::
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1020:.
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1000:.
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902:.
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286::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
