581:. Briefly, Creation with Appearance of Age runs into a theological snag with things like fossils of fish with other smaller fish in their stomachs: "Do you mean that God chose to paint, of all things, a facade of SUFFERING and DEATH onto the creation when He gave it this arbitrary appearance of age at the time of creation?" The virtual history paradigm recognizes simply that all creation type miracles entail a virtual history, so the Fall, with its creation type miracles (by which the nature of the creation was changed—"subjected to futility") carried with it its own (fallen) virtual history, which is the virtual history we now see. We do not see the original utopian pre-Fall creation with its (presumably utopian) virtual history.
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He does not extend this idea to the geological record, preferring to believe that it was all created in the Flood, but others such as Gerald E. Aardsma go further, with his idea of "virtual history". This appears to suggest that events after the creation have changed the "virtual history" we now see,
502:
in 1857 to explain his answer to this question. He concluded that the religious tradition was correct. Gosse began with the earlier idea that the Earth contained mature organisms at the instant they were created, and that these organisms had false signs of their development, such as hair on mammals,
656:
God essentially created two conflicting accounts of
Creation: one in nature, and one in the Torah. How can it be determined which is the real story, and which is the fake designed to mislead us? One could equally propose that it is nature that presents the real story, and that the Torah was devised
460:
Although the grasses were only a moment old at their creation, they appeared as if they were months old. Likewise, the trees, although only a day old when they sprouted forth, were nevertheless like ... years old as they were fully grown and fruits were already budding on their
422:
The idea was widely rejected in the 19th century, when Gosse published his aforementioned book. It saw some revival in the 20th century by some Young Earth creationists, who extended the argument to include visible light that appears to originate from far-off
1049:. "The solution to the contradiction between the age of the earth and the universe according to science and the Jewish date of 5755 years since Creation is this: the real age of the universe is 5755 years, but it has misleading evidence of greater age."
613:
through any conceivable scientific study—in other words, it is impossible to conclude the truth of the hypothesis, since it requires the empirical data itself to have been arbitrarily created to look the way it does at every observable level of detail.
595:
Although Gosse's original
Omphalos hypothesis specifies a popular creation story, others have proposed that the idea does not preclude creation as recently as five minutes ago, including memories of times before this created
546:
Theologians rejected Gosse's proposal on the grounds that it seemed to make the divine creator tell lies—either lying in the scriptures, or lying in nature. Scientists rejected it on the grounds that it disagreed with
470:
By the 19th century, scientific evidence of the Earth's age had been collected, and it disagreed with a literal reading of the biblical accounts. This evidence was rejected by some writers at the time, such as
357:, which implies that the Earth is only a few thousand years old. It is based on the religious belief that the universe was created by a divine being, within the past six to ten thousand years (in keeping with
660:
One has to be able to rely on God's truthfulness if religion is to function. Or, to put it another way—if God went to enormous lengths to convince us that the world is billions of years old, who are we to
507:
were an artifact of the creation process and merely part of what was necessary to make creation work. Therefore, he reasoned, fossils and other signs of the Earth's age could not be used to prove its age.
414:
have given different explanations for their belief that the universe is filled with false evidence of the universe's age, including a belief that some things needed to be created at a certain age for the
723:
One of the schools of Tlön goes so far as to negate time: it reasons that the present is indefinite, that the future has no reality other than as a present hope, the past none other than present memory.
378:, in which Gosse argued that for the world to be "functional", God must have created the Earth with mountains and canyons, trees with growth rings, Adam and Eve with fully grown hair, fingernails, and
481:(Part I Book IV Chapter V), that "God might have created, and doubtless did create, the world with all the marks of antiquity and completeness which it now exhibits." In modern times, Rabbi
567:
wrote in 1990 about the "appearance of age", saying that: "...what created was functionally complete right from the start—able to fulfill the purpose for which it was created".
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207:
731:. Borges argued that its unpopularity stemmed from Gosse's explicit (if inadvertent) outlining of what Borges characterized as absurdities in the Genesis story.
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361:), and that the presence of objective, verifiable evidence that the universe is older than approximately ten millennia is due to the creator introducing
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supported a similar position, saying that the objective scientific evidence for an old universe is strong, but wrong, and that the traditional
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In a rebuttal of the claim that God might have implanted a false history of the age of the universe to test our faith in the truth of the
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715:, describes a fictional world in which some essentially follow as a religious belief a philosophy much like Russell's discussion on the
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From a religious viewpoint, it can be interpreted as God having created a "fake" universe, such as illusions of light emitted from
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which grows over time. He extended this idea of creating a single mature organism to creating mature systems, and concluded that
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1998:
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2029:
1978:
1069:
551:, an explanation of geology that was widely supported at the time, and the impossibility of testing or falsifying the idea.
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1988:
711:
511:
Other contemporary proposals for reconciling the stories of creation in
Genesis with the scientific evidence included the
314:
1276:
2344:
1993:
1983:
1361:
535:, was that the Garden of Eden described the events of only one small location. A third proposal, by French naturalist
248:
519:, in which a large interval of time passed in between the initial creation of the universe and the beginning of the
2003:
1418:
1025:. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture. Vol. 1. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. p. 15.
492:
In the middle of the 19th century, the disagreement between scientific evidence about the age of the Earth and the
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Borges had earlier written a short essay, "The
Creation and P. H. Gosse" that explored the rejection of Gosse's
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1904:
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282:
836:"The rejection of Omphalos: a note on shifts in the intellectual hierarchy of mid-nineteenth century Britain"
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for "navel"), and all living creatures with fully formed evolutionary features, etc., and that, therefore,
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and all other signs of history included. It is a commonly used example of how one may maintain extreme
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1007:. The Fathers of the Church. Vol. 91. Washington: Catholic University of America. p. 90.
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757:
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540:
404:
350:
243:
89:
1344:
Archived Usenet Post containing the FAQ of "The Church of Last
Thursdayism" (stored by Google.com)
687:, that proposes that the universe sprang into existence five minutes ago from nothing, with human
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that were never really volcanoes in the first place and that never actually experienced erosion.
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Some modern creationists still argue against scientific evidence in the same way. For instance,
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to function, or their belief that the creator was deliberately planting deceptive evidence.
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Mirror of the defunct "The Church Of Last
Thursdayism" webpage (stored at www.archive.org)
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The
Challenge of Creation: Judaism's Encounter with Science, Cosmology, and Evolution
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described a world in which divine creation instantly produced fully grown organisms:
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by its opponents, as in "the world might as well have been created last
Thursday."
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with regard to memory and trust in evidentially derived historical chronology.
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1307:. translated by Ruth L. C. Simms. University of Texas Press. pp. 22–25.
933:"The Age of the Earth – Creationism and the Appearance of Age: Scott Pfahler"
2179:
1813:
1777:
1767:
630:
416:
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957:
982:
Rice, Stanley (2019). "Creationist funhouse, episode one: The red shift".
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traditions was a significant debate among intellectuals. Gosse published
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2014:
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Kathleen McVey, ed. (1994). "Commentary on
Genesis. Section I.22".
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the six "days" of the creation story were arbitrary and large ages
379:
958:"Young Earth Creationism | National Center for Science Education"
908:"The Return of the Navel | National Center for Science Education"
1461:
1348:
1239:"Are We Only Five Minutes Old? Acock on the Age of the Universe"
907:
577:
This raises one more major point of difference, the handling of
424:
2018:
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have been published for centuries. The 4th-century theologian
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is one attempt to reconcile the scientific evidence that the
531:. Another popular idea, promoted by the English theologian
1196:. Torah universe (2nd ed.). Zoo Torah. p. 167.
886:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 7–14.
1170:"Gedolei Yisroel Condemn Rabbi Nosson Slifkin's Books"
883:
609:
Scientifically, the concept is both unverifiable and
644:, an author whose works have been banned by several
448:
Stories of the beginning of human life based on the
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The idea was named after the title of an 1857 book,
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that makes the universe appear significantly older.
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1138:Evolution: What the Fossils Say and Why It Matters
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1122:, Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press, 2004, p. 30.
1120:God and Evolution: A Faith-Based Understanding
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1369:
322:
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840:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
1004:St. Ephrem the Syrian: Selected Prose Works
648:rabbis for going against the tenets of the
2320:Creation and evolution in public education
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2015:
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1564:Creation and evolution in public education
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1362:
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1237:Smith, Joseph Wayne; Ward, Sharyn (1984).
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523:. This idea was put forward by Archbishop
329:
315:
232:
198:Rejection of evolution by religious groups
31:
1582:Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District
1141:. Columbia University Press. p. 9.
475:. Chateaubriand wrote in his 1802 book,
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235:
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196:
161:
117:
66:
43:
1447:Allegorical interpretations of Genesis
657:by God to test us with a fake history!
537:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
1277:"Borges – Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius"
829:
7:
2300:Webster v. New Lenox School District
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827:
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1180:. Dei'ah veDibur, January 12, 2005.
529:Treatise on the Records of Creation
1349:"The Church of Last Thursday" home
25:
2218:Creation Ministries International
1099:"Correspondence: Virtual History"
2202:Anti-Evolution League of America
1642:
1641:
1065:The Counter-creationism Handbook
602:. This idea is sometimes called
51:
2242:Institute for Creation Research
1999:List of skeptical organizations
626:that never really happened, or
565:Institute for Creation Research
2325:Creation–evolution controversy
1979:List of books about skepticism
1559:Creation–evolution controversy
1070:University of California Press
473:François-René de Chateaubriand
347:Earth is billions of years old
1:
2236:Geoscience Research Institute
1989:List of skeptical conferences
1304:Other Inquisitions, 1937–1952
1299:"The Creation and P.H. Gosse"
683:put forth by the philosopher
543:rather than 24-hour periods.
2345:Intelligent design movement
1994:List of skeptical magazines
1984:List of scientific skeptics
1021:Louth, Andrew, ed. (2001).
591:Beginning of false creation
249:Jainism and non-creationism
2417:
2401:Genesis creation narrative
2004:List of skeptical podcasts
1419:Genesis creation narrative
1176:December 29, 2007, at the
712:Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius
701:Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius
407:can be taken as reliable.
355:Genesis creation narrative
2230:Creation Science Movement
2224:Creation Research Society
2207:Biblical Creation Society
1637:
1576:Kansas evolution hearings
1047:"The Age of the Universe"
450:creation story in Genesis
2386:Concepts in epistemology
1905:Problem of the criterion
1190:Slifkin, Natan (2008) .
693:philosophical skepticism
139:framework interpretation
2365:"Teach the Controversy"
2350:Objections to evolution
2335:Creationist cosmologies
1538:Young Earth creationism
1528:Progressive creationism
1457:Genesis flood narrative
1226:. G. Allen & Unwin.
573:including the fossils:
439:Development of the idea
412:Young Earth creationism
218:"Teach the Controversy"
183:Creationist cosmologies
2080:Raymond Vahan Damadian
1895:Five-minute hypothesis
1787:Skeptical philosophers
1741:Skeptical philosophies
1424:History of creationism
1045:Rabbi Dovid Gottlieb,
725:
677:five-minute hypothesis
671:Five-minute hypothesis
663:
583:
570:
517:gap theory of creation
478:GĂ©nie du christianisme
463:
444:Pre-scientific sources
410:Various supporters of
351:literal interpretation
27:Creationist hypothesis
18:Five-minute hypothesis
2135:George McCready Price
1915:Simulation hypothesis
1588:Teach the Controversy
1523:Old Earth creationism
1243:Philosophy of Science
866:on February 19, 2007.
466:19th-century thinkers
2292:Edwards v. Aguillard
1941:Semantic externalism
1910:Problem of induction
1900:MĂĽnchhausen trilemma
1647:Category:Creationism
1570:Edwards v. Aguillard
1135:(November 6, 2007).
1062:Isaac, Mark (2007).
834:Roizen, Ron (1982).
709:, in his 1940 work,
681:skeptical hypothesis
666:Similar formulations
521:Six Days of Creation
2355:Omphalos hypothesis
2276:Hendren v. Campbell
2259:Creationist museums
1946:Process reliabilism
1868:Skeptical scenarios
1748:Academic Skepticism
1696:Types of skepticism
1629:Omphalos hypothesis
1614:Biblical literalism
1604:Anthropic principle
1513:Islamic creationism
1133:Prothero, Donald R.
1097:Aardsma, Gerald E.
758:Christian mythology
748:Age of the universe
719:of Gosse's theory:
642:Rabbi Natan Slifkin
563:, president of the
555:Modern creationists
343:Omphalos hypothesis
244:Creator in Buddhism
154:Omphalos hypothesis
2284:McLean v. Arkansas
2196:Answers in Genesis
2160:Andrew A. Snelling
1609:Biblical inerrancy
1533:Theistic evolution
1508:Intelligent design
1414:Creationist museum
1399:Biblical cosmology
1295:Borges, Jorge Luis
1032:978-0--8308-1471-8
984:Skeptical Inquirer
742:A Clockwork Origin
397:empirical evidence
376:Philip Henry Gosse
265:Theistic evolution
188:Intelligent design
134:creation narrative
119:Biblical cosmology
2373:
2372:
2115:Frank Lewis Marsh
2012:
2011:
1951:Epistemic closure
1655:
1654:
1503:Hindu creationism
1477:Ussher chronology
1314:978-0-292-71549-3
1218:Russell, Bertrand
1203:978-1-933143-15-6
1148:978-0-231-51142-1
1118:David L. Wilcox,
1014:978-0-8132-1421-4
707:Jorge Luis Borges
618:Deceptive creator
549:uniformitarianism
527:of Canterbury in
494:Western religious
454:Ephrem the Syrian
433:starlight problem
431:(addressing the "
339:
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306:
305:
16:(Redirected from
2408:
2213:Caleb Foundation
2170:John C. Whitcomb
2155:Jonathan Sarfati
2085:Robert V. Gentry
2065:John Baumgardner
2060:Thomas G. Barnes
2046:Creation science
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1936:Here is one hand
1844:Sextus Empiricus
1824:Philo of Larissa
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862:. Archived from
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786:Russell's teapot
781:Omphalos (story)
685:Bertrand Russell
604:Last Thursdayism
525:John Bird Sumner
401:age of the Earth
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163:Creation science
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2175:Carl Wieland
2165:Walter Veith
1920:Wax argument
1628:
1619:Created kind
1580:
1568:
1442:Adam and Eve
1320:February 27,
1318:. Retrieved
1303:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1222:
1212:
1192:
1185:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1137:
1127:
1119:
1114:
1104:February 13,
1102:. Retrieved
1092:
1064:
1041:
1023:Genesis 1-11
1022:
1003:
996:
987:
983:
977:
965:. Retrieved
961:
952:
940:. Retrieved
937:apps.usd.edu
936:
927:
915:. Retrieved
911:
902:
882:
872:
864:the original
843:
839:
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621:
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528:
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497:
491:
489:is correct.
476:
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409:
393:
383:
369:
367:
342:
340:
236:Non-creation
173:Created kind
153:
29:
2391:Creationism
2330:Creationism
2130:Paul Nelson
2105:Kent Hovind
1890:Evil genius
1834:Aenesidemus
1819:Clitomachus
1409:Creationism
1385:Creationism
1168:G. Safran,
990:(3): 57–59.
771:(1998 film)
100:progressive
77:Young Earth
45:Creationism
2396:Skepticism
2380:Categories
2252:Facilities
2090:Duane Gish
2070:Walt Brown
1961:Relativism
1875:Acatalepsy
1859:David Hume
1804:Arcesilaus
1773:Pyrrhonism
1725:Scientific
1689:Skepticism
1467:Noah's Ark
1154:October 6,
1072:. p.
800:References
652:, writes:
624:supernovae
586:Criticisms
417:ecosystems
399:about the
2311:Legal and
2180:Kurt Wise
1929:Responses
1849:Montaigne
1814:Carneades
1778:Solipsism
1768:Humeanism
1758:Cartesian
1730:Religious
1019:See also
769:Dark City
699:Borges's
661:disagree?
631:mountains
461:branches.
382:(ὀμφαλός
257:Evolution
85:Old Earth
2268:Lawsuits
1763:Charvaka
1624:Nephilim
1297:(1964).
1220:(1921).
1174:Archived
967:March 3,
962:ncse.ngo
942:March 3,
917:March 3,
912:ncse.ngo
880:(2000).
776:Kabbalah
735:See also
729:Omphalos
628:volcanic
579:the Fall
499:Omphalos
429:galaxies
405:universe
385:omphalos
371:Omphalos
278:Catholic
273:Buddhist
37:a series
35:Part of
2095:Ken Ham
1839:Agrippa
1809:Lacydes
1708:Radical
1597:Related
1554:Outline
1392:General
860:1385525
794:(novel)
599:in situ
505:fossils
353:of the
349:with a
288:Islamic
208:History
90:day-age
61:History
2303:(1990)
2295:(1987)
2287:(1982)
2279:(1977)
2053:People
1829:Cicero
1794:Pyrrho
1753:Ajñana
1311:
1263:187498
1261:
1200:
1145:
1080:
1029:
1011:
890:
858:
792:Strata
689:memory
650:Talmud
646:Haredi
380:navels
298:Mormon
293:Jewish
2244:(ICR)
2238:(GRI)
2232:(CSM)
2226:(CRS)
2220:(CMI)
2209:(BCS)
2198:(AIG)
1971:Lists
1799:Timon
1720:Moral
1715:Local
1486:Types
1259:JSTOR
856:JSTOR
679:is a
638:Torah
425:stars
390:Greek
283:Hindu
68:Types
1462:Noah
1322:2008
1309:ISBN
1198:ISBN
1156:2020
1143:ISBN
1106:2013
1078:ISBN
1027:ISBN
1009:ISBN
969:2022
944:2022
919:2022
888:ISBN
675:The
435:").
427:and
341:The
1251:doi
848:doi
515:or
403:or
388:is
374:by
95:gap
2382::
1301:.
1279:.
1257:.
1247:51
1245:.
1241:.
1172:.
1076:.
1068:.
1054:^
988:43
986:.
960:.
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854:.
844:21
842:.
838:.
808:^
640:,
394:no
39:on
2038:e
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1035:.
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971:.
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896:.
850::
744:"
740:"
330:e
323:t
316:v
20:)
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