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companies were expected to reduce prices in order to provide liquid assets. However, expectations did not materialize, and the prices recorded significant growth (the truth is noticeably smaller than before the program was adopted), which led to a rise in wages that (at the very beginning of the implementation of the
Program) grew faster than price growth. In circumstances where this happens, one of the key elements of the Program persists ā a fixed exchange rate. All this led to a weakening of the competitiveness of the domestic economy, as exports become economically unfeasible, and imports were very lucrative. Bearing in mind that there had been a liberalization of imports, the domestic market was overwhelmed with imported products, which were absorbed by increasing domestic demand, almost exclusively for consumer goods fueled by rapid wage growth. Imports of goods became cheaper than domestic ones, so there was a decline in production because Yugoslav products were not competitive at all, not only in exports but also in the domestic market. After only a year and a half of implementation, industrial production was reduced by 25% and unemployment increased by 18%. This further led to strong recession movements in the economy, deterioration of the foreign trade balance and (after initial increase) a rapid reduction in foreign currency reserves, which prevents further "defending" of the foreign exchange rate.
729:, a Yugoslav engineering and construction firm founded in 1951 to rebuild the country's war devastated infrastructure. By the early 1980s, Energoprojekt was the world's 16th largest engineering and construction company, employing 7,000 people. The company carried out large construction projects in Libya, Kuwait, Zambia and Guinea, and by the late 1960s, the company was competing in European markets in West Germany, Czechoslovakia, and the German Democratic Republic. Many infrastructure projects in Africa and Asia were political deals, done for prestige reasons and included elements of foreign aid rather than being the result of economic calculation and competition.
921:. During the 1980s, Yugoslav population endured the introduction of fuel limitations (40 litres per car per month), limitation of car usage to every other day, based on the last digit on the licence plate, severe limitations on import of goods and paying of a deposit upon leaving the country (mostly to go shopping), to be returned in a year (with rising inflation, this effectively amounted to a fee on travel). There were shortages of coffee, chocolate and washing powder. During several dry summers, the government, unable to borrow to import electricity, was forced to introduce power cuts. On May 12, 1982, the board of the
694:, which were all made up of employees, with one vote each. The workers' councils also appointed the management, often by secret ballot. The Communist Party (later on the League of Communists) was organized in all companies and most influential employees were likely to be members of the party, so the managers were often, but not always, appointed only with the consent of workers who happened to be members of the party. There were occasional tensions between market-oriented managers and worker representatives. Though GDP is not technically applicable or designed to measure planned economies, Yugoslavia's
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index of SFRY ranged between 0.32 to 0.35, mainly due to the high regional inequality. Unemployment rates were also disproportionately high in poorer
Yugoslav republics. Such a sizeable regional disparity gave rise to separatism and eventually led to increased intra-state tensions in the Yugoslav republics. However, the economic transition of Slovenia was rather successful, and it retained many institutional elements of the Former Yugoslav economy, such as self-management and partial worker-controlled enterprises. The Slovenian Model can be seen as a reconciliation of Western European
714:, Yugoslavia traded with both Western and Eastern markets. Starting in the early 1950s, it also received billions of dollars of Western foreign aid, mostly from the United States. The trade with Non-Aligned countries amounted to only 15% of total trade in 1965. Despite several trade agreements, it never managed to become significant because of its geographic distance and the fact that both sides were exporters of commodities and simple products, interested mostly in imports of Western technological goods. In 1964, when Yugoslavia was granted special associate status with
1103:(IMF) loans and subsequently fell into heavy debt. By 1981, it had incurred $ 18.9 billion in foreign debt. In fact Yugoslavia's debt was just 20.11% of GDP in 1971, which is, when compared with UK (67.95%), US (46.64%), West Germany (17.87%), Italy (41.46%), a comparatively low rate. However, Yugoslavia's main concern was unemployment. In 1980 the unemployment rate was at 13.8%, not counting around 1 million workers employed abroad. Deteriorating living conditions during the 1980s caused the Yugoslav unemployment rate to reach 17 percent, while another 20 percent were
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construction firms with contracts abroad, including large infrastructure projects in the Middle East, Africa and Europe. In the early 1980s, Yugoslav firm
Energoprojekt was building dams, roads and apartment houses in Iraq, Libya and Kuwait. But during the recession of the early 1980s many oil exporting countries reduced construction projects as oil prices fell. Increased competition from countries like South Korea offering less expensive labor, also contributed to a decline in Yugoslavia's booming engineering and construction export trade.
1251:"insider" privatization to company workers and managers, to whom the shares could be offered at a discount. Yugoslav authorities used the term "property transformation" when referring to the process of transforming public ownership into private hands. By April 1990, the monthly inflation rate dropped to zero, exports and imports increased, while foreign currency reserves increased by US$ 3 billion. However, industrial production fell by 8.7% and high taxes made it difficult for many enterprises to pay even the frozen wages.
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management and increase in pay or benefits. Strikes with real or implied political motivation were often dealt with in the same manner (individuals were prosecuted or persecuted separately), but occasionally also met stubborn refusal to deal or in some cases brutal force. Strikes occurred in all times of political upheaval or economic hardships, but they became increasingly common in the 1980s, when consecutive governments tried to salvage the slumping economy with a programme of austerity under the auspices of the
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the individual republics. His program of 1989 to curb inflation was rejected by Serbia and
Vojvodina. SR Serbia introduced customs duties on imports from Croatia and Slovenia and took $ 1.5 billion from the central bank to fund wage rises, pensions, bonuses to government employees and subsidize enterprises that faced losses. The federal government raised the exchange rate for the German Mark first to 9 and then to 13 dinars. In 1990 the annual rate of GDP growth had declined to -11.6%.
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was marked positive progress in reducing the foreign trade and budget deficits, etc. However, from the very beginning, there was a decline in industrial production and employment, and somewhat later, the initial positive results also started lacking (as a result of the rebound in prices and wages and the appearance of the "black" exchange rate, the foreign exchange reserves began to decrease rapidly, negative tendencies appeared in the foreign trade and budget sphere, etc.)
760:. By the early 1970s, 20 percent of the country's labor force, or 1.1 million workers, were employed abroad. The emigration was mainly caused by forced deagrarianization, deruralization, and overpopulating of larger towns. The emigration contributed to keeping the unemployment in check and also acted as a source of capital and foreign currency. The system was institutionalized into the economy. From 1961 to 1971, the number of guest workers from Yugoslavia in
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541:, an advocate of market socialism, had a very negative view of the Yugoslav experiment, claiming that Yugoslav companies weren't run on true market principles of competition and profit, and that they instead relied on soft budget constraints and were subjected to political control, which created a deeply inefficient system that ultimately collapsed. While admitting that it is somewhat problematic to use the term
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866:, representing whole industry branches. Most executive decision making was based in enterprises, so that these continued to compete to an extent even when they were part of a same composite organisation. The appointment of managers and strategic policy of composite organisations were, depending on their size and importance, in practice often subject to political and personal influence-peddling.
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1202:, denomination of the dinar by "deleting" four zeros, proclaiming the convertibility of the dinar and fixing the dinar exchange rate against the German mark at a ratio of 7:1, freezing of nominal wages for a period of 4 months, freezing of the prices of some inputs (energy products and infrastructure) for a period of 4 months, further foreign trade and fiscal account
1234:, a pragmatic reformist. He spent a year introducing new business legislation, which quietly dropped most of the associated labour theory and introduced private ownership of businesses. The institutional changes culminated in eighteen new laws that declared an end to the self-management system and associated labor. They in turn allowed public companies to become
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system. Ownership and exchange of foreign currency was deregulated which, combined with a realistic exchange rate, attracted foreign currency to the banks. However, by the late 1980s, it was becoming increasingly clear that the federal government was effectively losing the power to implement its programme.
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By the end of 1989 inflation reached 1,000%. On New Year's Eve 1989, Ante
MarkoviÄ introduced his program of economic reforms. Ten thousand Dinars became one "New Dinar", pegged to the German Mark at the rate of 7 New Dinars for one Mark. The sudden end of inflation brought some relief to the banking
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By 1988 emigrant remittances to
Yugoslavia totaled over $ 4.5 billion (USD), and by 1989 remittances were $ 6.2 billion (USD), which amounted to over 19% of the world's total. A large portion of those remittances came from Yugoslav professional and skilled workers employed by Yugoslav engineering and
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political party. By the 2nd half of 1990 inflation restarted. In
September and October, the monthly inflation rate reached 8%. Inflation once more climbed to unmanageable levels reaching an annual level of 120%. MarkoviÄ's reforms and austerity programs met resistance from the federal authorities of
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The fate of this stabilization program was largely tied to stopping price growth. It was considered that only the prices of the main inputs were to be frozen, and in the conditions of restrictive monetary policy and liberalized imports there would be no growth in other freely formed prices, and even
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In the short term, or at the beginning of the application, the program showed some good results: there was a significant slowdown in price and salary growth, foreign exchange reserves -- whose level was significant even before the beginning of the application of the
Program -- started to grow, there
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in the unemployment rate. When forced to cut workforce, enterprises usually fired women first, expecting that women can be supported by their male family members. Some enterprises also requested that candidates for a job needed to have their military service completed, which excluded women. Female
701:
Unemployment was a chronic problem for
Yugoslavia. The unemployment rates were among the highest in Europe during its existence, while the education level of the work force increased steadily. The unemployment rate reached 7% in the early 1960s and continued to grow, doubling by the mid 1970s. There
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in
Marxist theory. German companies were especially interested in such arrangements and they represented about a quarter of foreign investments. However, many foreign companies were disappointed by the poor efficiency and organization of Yugoslav enterprises; in one case, Japanese representatives
532:
The exact nature and extent of market socialism in Yugoslavia is debated by economists. The market mechanism was limited mostly to consumer goods, while capital, labor, materials and intermediate goods were allocated by different means. The Yugoslav model didn't have much in common with the classic
1250:
In 1990 MarkoviÄ introduced a privatization program, with newly passed federal laws on privatization allowing company management boards to initiate privatization, mainly through internal share-holding schemes, initially not tradable in the stock exchange. This meant that the law put an emphasis on
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New legislation was gradually introduced to remedy the situation, but the government mostly tried to fight the crisis by issuing more currency, which only fuelled the inflation further. Power-mongering in big industrial companies led to several large bankruptcies (mostly of large factories), which
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The first hyperinflation stabilization program was adopted under the name Economic Reform Program, passed in late 1989, when, for the most part, due to total price liberalization, Yugoslavia was hit by hyperinflation. The monthly price level increased from month to month, and in December 1989, the
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Although the Yugoslav economy did include elements of workplace democracy and gave workers more democratic control over the economic management of enterprises, it also caused high regional inequality. Slovenia's GDP Per Capita was 12383$ and Kosovo's GDP per capita only 1,592$ by 1989. The Gini
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and a decentralized approach to decision-making. Despite facing numerous challenges, including political instability and external pressures, the Yugoslav economy achieved significant growth and modernization during its existence, with a particularly strong emphasis on education, health care, and
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In the 1980s the Yugoslav economy entered a period of continuous crisis. Between 1979 and 1985 the Yugoslav dinar plunged from 15 to 1,370 to the U.S. dollar, half of the income from exports was used to service the debt, while real net personal income declined by 19.5%. Unemployment rose to 1.3
888:
During the 1960s and 1970s the country's social security expenditures increased 600%, as coverage of the population was extended and benefits were enlarged. The government introduced extensive subsidies for public health care, temporary disability and illness, old age pensions and assistance to
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The workers were organized into trade unions which spanned across the country. Strikes could be called by any worker, or any group of workers and they were common in certain periods. Strikes for clear genuine grievances with no political motivation usually resulted in prompt replacement of the
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of the Yugoslav economy. The large-scale privatization of state assets, banks, and shock therapy in other former Yugoslav republics, such as Serbia, are, in contrast, unsuccessful. The economies of these states stagnate with a generally high level of corruption compared to the more successful
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currency, another wage freeze, sharp cuts in government spending, and the elimination of socially owned, worker-managed companies. The Belgrade nomenclature, with the assistance of western advisers, had laid the groundwork for MarkoviÄ's mission by implementing beforehand many of the required
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The country's state owned banks obligated to adjust their interest rates to the inflation, but this could not be applied to loan contracts made earlier which stipulated fixed interest rates. During this time, foreign currencies became widely circulated and accepted by businesses along with
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were also introduced into public services, including health and education. The basic organisations were usually made up of dozens of people and had their own workers councils, whose assent was needed for strategic decisions and appointment of managers in enterprises or public institutions.
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The departure of Yugoslavs seeking work began in the 1950s, when individuals began crossing the border illegally. In the mid-1960s, Yugoslavia lifted emigration restrictions, and the number of emigrants, including educated and highly skilled individuals, increased rapidly, especially to
470:. However, the system ultimately proved unsustainable in the face of the global economic changes of the 1980s and the political tensions that led to the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Despite common origins, the Yugoslav economy was significantly different from the
2012:, consequent loss of market, as well as mismanagement and/or non-transparent privatization brought further economic trouble for all former republics of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Only Slovenia's economy grew steadily after the initial shock and slump. Croatia's
524:. Farmer households could own up to 10 hectares (25 acres) of land per person and the excess farmland was owned by co-ops, agricultural companies, or local communities. These could sell and buy land, as well as give it to people in perpetual lease.
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The first postwar years saw implementation of Soviet-style five-year plans and reconstruction through massive voluntary work. The countryside was electrified, and heavy industry was developed. The economy was organized as a mixture of a
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mothers. There were, in particular, a great number of social security benefits intended to take the pressure of child raising off women, making it easier for them to focus on studying and gaining employment. Women received 90 days of
646:. The actions were used to build public infrastructure such as roads, railways, and public buildings, as well as industrial infrastructure. The youth work actions were organized on the local, republic, and federal levels by the
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only increased the public perception that the economy is in a deep crisis. After several failed attempts to fight the inflation with various schemes, and due to mass strikes caused by austerity wage freezes, the government of
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inflation percentage was 45%. There was a constant rally in prices, wages and exchange rates. In such a situation in December 1989, the Economic Reform Program and measures for its implementation were adopted.
1312:$ 13.1 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commoditiesāraw materials and semimanufactures 50%, consumer goods 31%, capital goods and equipment 19%; partnersāEC 30%, CEMA 45%, less developed countries 14%, US 5%, other 6%
1318:$ 13.8 billion (c.i.f., 1988); commoditiesāraw materials and semimanufactures 79%, capital goods and equipment 15%, consumer goods 6%; partnersāEC 30%, CEMA 45%, less developed countries 14%, US 5%, other 6%
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In 1967, legislation enabled foreign private investors to become partners with Yugoslav enterprises in joint ventures with up to 49% of capital, despite the fact that such arrangement would be classified as
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520:, and workers were entitled to a certain share of their profits. Privately owned craft shops could employ up to 4 people per owner. The land was partially nationalized and redistributed, and partially
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after having a baby, a range of other subsidies to help pay for food, clothing and other necessities. There were also subsidised public childcare services that low-income families could use for free.
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were extreme regional differences in unemployment, with the Slovenian rate never exceeding 5%, while Macedonia and Kosovo constantly had rates over 20%. There was also a notable element of
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Yugoslav companies carried out construction of numerous major infrastructural and industrial projects in Africa, Europe and Asia. Many of these projects were carried out by
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of the 1970s magnified the economic problems, the foreign debt grew at an annual rate of 20%, and by the early 1980s it reached more than US$ 20 billion. Governments of
496:'s infrastructure devastated. Even the most developed parts of the country were largely rural, and the little industry of the country was largely damaged or destroyed.
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848:), which could be large companies or even whole industry branches in a certain area. Basic organisations of associated labour sometimes were composed of even smaller
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was 48 hours until 1963, when it was reduced to 42 hours. It was further reduced to 40 hours (plus one hour overtime allowed) in 1965 and to 36 (plus one) in 1970.
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29:"Economy of Yugoslavia" redirects here. For the outline of the economy of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992ā2003), see
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was the main trading partner with around 60%. Yugoslavia had trade account deficits in almost every year of its existence.
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participation rates were lower than in other socialist countries and closer to traditionalist societies of Southern Europe.
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was introduced, which reduced the state management of enterprises. Managers of socially owned companies were supervised by
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3393:[The Economy and Policy of Transition Half a Century of the Reform of Socialism and the Transition (1962ā2012)].
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453:(SFRY) was a unique system of socialist self-management that operated from the end of World War II until the
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Regionalism and Modern Europe: Identity Construction and Movements from 1890 to the Present Day.
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SELF-MANAGEMENT AND REQUIREMENTS FOR SOCIAL PROPERTY: LESSONS FROM YUGOSLAVIA by DIANE FLAHERTY
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in the context of socialist countries such as Yugoslavia or Hungary (after the introduction of
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in the 1990s. The Yugoslav economy was characterized by a combination of market mechanisms and
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in 2003, a few years after Slovenia, the most advanced of all Yugoslav economies by far.
1306:$ 6.4 billion; expenditures $ 6.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $ NA (1990)
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Regime Change in the Yugoslav Successor States: Divergent Paths toward a New Europe
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A 2,000,000 dinar bill was introduced in 1989 as a result of the hyperinflation.
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which in practice consisted of severe austerity measures — the so-called
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Ed. Xose M. Nunez Seixas and Eric Storm. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 135-149.
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resulted in direct damages worth $ 43 billion (USD). Croatia reached its 1990
1937:
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3000:
StatistiÄki bilten 803, (Statistical Bulletin), SZS, Beograd, September 1973.
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reforms, including a major liberalization of foreign investment legislation.
776:
Per Capita GDP of Yugoslavia and of Eastern bloc economies from 1950 to 1990.
4795:
3493:
1944:
1919:
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Leonard KukiÄ. 2018. Socialist growth revisited: insights from Yugoslavia,
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8th Session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia
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Bought and Sold: Living and Losing the Good Life in Socialist Yugoslavia.
2965:
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1298:$ 129.5 billion, per capita $ 5,464; real growth rate ā 1.0% (1989 est.)
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renegotiated the foreign debt at the price of introducing the policy of
6229:
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4435:
2668:"HOW A YUGOSLAV COMPANY BUILT AN INTERNATIONAL MARKET (Published 1983)"
2539:
2515:
869:
In order to give all employees the same access to decision making, the
718:, its trade with Eastern markets was less than 25% of total trade, and
715:
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1662:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
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million job-seekers, and internal debt was estimated at $ 40 billion.
1926:
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3390:
2464:
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936:
3217:"Yugoslavia's President Says Crisis Harms the Country's Reputation"
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and the West opened up Yugoslav markets sooner than in the rest of
743:, was replaced with a new dinar traded at 12.5 to the U.S. dollar.
3432:
The Formation of Croatian National Identity: A Centuries-old Dream
3204:
International Migration: Prospects and Policies in a Global Market
2666:
Tagliabue, John; Times, Special To the New York (March 28, 1983).
1129:
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779:
771:
3286:
The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918-2005
2783:
Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture
2770:
2030:
List of companies of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1138:
The collapse of the Yugoslav economy was partially caused by its
642:
were organized voluntary labor activities of young people in the
3420:(in Croatian) (3rd ed.). Zagreb: SveuÄiliÅ”na naklada Liber.
2796:
The Logics and Politics of Post-WWII Migration to Western Europe
784:
Gross and Net Unemployment Rates in Yugoslavia from 1964 to 1972
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5995:
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Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1648:
654:. Important projects built by youth work brigades include the
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76:
35:
2929:
Silent revolution: the International Monetary Fund, 1979-1989
6138:
Five-year plans for the national economy of the Soviet Union
3895:
Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia
710:
Due to Yugoslavia's neutrality, and its leading role in the
3478:
Smith-Peter, Susan. (2019) "Communism and Regionalism." In
2901:"Pravilo par ā nepar: OgraniÄenje vožnje za Å”tednju goriva"
2714:
Socialist Unemployment: The Political Economy of Yugoslavia
2651:
Socialist Unemployment: The Political Economy of Yugoslavia
2616:
Socialist Unemployment: The Political Economy of Yugoslavia
2603:
Socialist Unemployment: The Political Economy of Yugoslavia
2590:
Socialist Unemployment: The Political Economy of Yugoslavia
2577:
Socialist Unemployment: The Political Economy of Yugoslavia
2561:
Socialist Unemployment: The Political Economy of Yugoslavia
2486:
Socialist Unemployment: The Political Economy of Yugoslavia
2419:
Socialist Unemployment: The Political Economy of Yugoslavia
2035:
Relocation of Serbian industry during the Informbiro period
2863:"National Intelligence Survey 21; Yugoslavia; The Society"
2834:"National Intelligence Survey 21; Yugoslavia; The Economy"
1230:
was replaced by a new government in March 1989, headed by
4129:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
2725:
John R. Lampe, Russell O. Prickett, LjubiÅ”a S. AdamoviÄ.
2661:
2659:
2445:
The Socialist System: The Political Economy of Communism.
925:
approved enhanced surveillance of Yugoslavia, to include
163:"Economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"
3854:
14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
3499:
Economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
3087:"The Southeast Missourian - Google News Archive Search"
2727:
Yugoslav-American Economic Relations Since World War II
2689:"YUGOSLAV CONSTRUCTION PROSPERING IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES"
2177:"National Accounts - Analysis of Main Aggregates (AMA)"
788:
In the 1970s, the economy was reorganised according to
451:
economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
3034:"OECD Economic Surveys: Yugoslavia 1976 | READ online"
1142:
stance that had resulted in access to loans from both
564:
3358:"The Rise and Fall of Market Socialism in Yugoslavia"
3189:
Beth J. Asch, Courtland Reichmann, Rand Corporation.
2499:
Women in the Politics of Postcommunist Eastern Europe
4106:
Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
4100:
Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1974:
Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1334:
GDP per capita of republics and autonomous provinces
853:
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833:
819:
809:
6202:
6151:
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Collectivization in the People's Republic of Poland
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Fires of "revisionist heresy" choking in Yugoslavia
2991:, Daytona Beach Morning Journal. December 28, 1954.
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154:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2683:
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1107:. 60% of the unemployed were under the age of 25.
490:occupation and liberation struggle in World War II
5176:Orders, decorations, and medals of SFR Yugoslavia
3466:Yugoslavia as History: Twice there was a Country.
3416:RadovinoviÄ, Radovan; BertiÄ, Ivan, eds. (1984).
3191:Emigration and Its Effects on the Sending Country
3345:Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country
2509:
2507:
1146:blocs on different terms. This contact with the
2989:Yugoslavs Ask West's Aid On Easing Debt Problem
2942:"Yugoslavia. Gross domestic product, 1970-1990"
2084:
2082:
1126:Real GDP Growth in Yugoslavia from 1980 to 1990
952:Average annual growth considering USD inflation
3890:Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia
3434:. Manchester University Press, 2003. (pg. 105)
2516:"Unemployment in Yugoslavia from 1952 to 1975"
6007:
5223:
3920:
3795:Contributions to the Slovene National Program
3701:
3520:
3297:OECD Economic Surveys: Yugoslavia 1990, p. 86
3103:OECD Economic Surveys: Yugoslavia 1987, p. 16
3061:OECD Economic Surveys: Yugoslavia 1990, p. 34
2823:. Cambridge University Press, 2003. (pg. 209)
2798:. Cambridge University Press, 2007. (pg. 125)
2640:. Cambridge University Press, 1989. (pg. 244)
8:
3130:OECD Economic Surveys: Yugoslavia 1988, p. 9
3114:"The Telegraph - Google News Archive Search"
3081:
3079:
2931:. International Monetary Fund, 2001. (p.434)
1686:
1342:
1324:$ 17.0 billion, medium and long term (1989)
860:composite organisations of associated labour
858:), but they had no financial freedom. Also,
840:composite organisations of associated labour
437:All values, unless otherwise stated, are in
244:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3016:
3014:
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70:Learn how and when to remove these messages
6164:Wage reform in the Soviet Union, 1956ā1962
6057:Economy of the People's Republic of Poland
6014:
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3347:, Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 357
3331:, Cambridge University Press, 2009, p. 185
3305:
3303:
3206:. Oxford University Press, 2004. (pg. 159)
2053:
2051:
2049:
1681:
1337:
6189:Economic System of Socialism (GDR, 1970s)
6159:New Economic Policy (Soviet Union, 1920s)
2821:Nation, State, and the Economy in History
2171:
2169:
232:Learn how and when to remove this message
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
6261:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
3339:
3337:
3288:, Indiana University Press, 2006, p. 363
2769:Dražen ŽiviÄ, Nenad Pokos and Ivo Turk.
2742:Harvard University Press, 1994. (pg. 87)
2571:
2569:
871:basic organisations of associated labour
816:basic organisations of associated labour
698:in 1950 ranked twenty-second in Europe.
644:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
107:of all important aspects of the article.
6179:New Economic Mechanism (Hungary, 1960s)
3057:
3055:
3053:
2729:. Duke University Press, 1990. (pg. 83)
2638:A short history of the Yugoslav peoples
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2459:
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2455:
2453:
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1704:
1687:
1683:Indexed GDP per capita of major cities
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1339:Indexed GDP per capita by federal unit
4123:Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control
3942:Independence referendums in Yugoslavia
3468:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2872:. CIA. April 1973. p. 30, para. 7
2843:. CIA. April 1973. p. 22, para. 2
2771:Basic Demographic Processes in Croatia
1254:In July 1990, MarkoviÄ formed his own
533:model of market socialism imagined by
243:
103:Please consider expanding the lead to
3737:Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia
3475:Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
3202:Douglas S. Massey, J. Edward Taylor.
3028:
3026:
7:
6174:Kosygin reform (Soviet Union, 1960s)
6103:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
3872:MiloÅ”eviÄāTuÄman KaraÄorÄevo meeting
3418:Atlas svijeta: Novi pogled na Zemlju
3262:Patrick Heenan, Monique Lamontagne:
2447:Oxford University Press 1992. p. 480
648:Young Communist League of Yugoslavia
152:adding citations to reliable sources
6042:Economy of Communist Czechoslovakia
3449:European Review of Economic History
3264:Central and Eastern Europe Handbook
3232:"How the IMF Dismantled Yugoslavia"
845:složene organizacije udruženog rada
821:osnovne organizacije udruženog rada
318:$ 5,040 (59th) (1991 est., nominal)
3766:League of Communists of Yugoslavia
3193:. Rand Corporation, 1994. (pg. 26)
1280:(SOURCE: 1990 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK)
1276:Yugoslav economy in numbers ā 1990
1162:, Yugoslav federal Prime Minister
1158:. In 1989, before the fall of the
806:organisations of associated labour
764:increased from 16,000 to 410,000.
290:$ 120.1 billion (24th) (1991 est.)
25:
6194:Perestroika (Soviet Union, 1980s)
3471:Patterson, Patrick Hyder. (2011)
1980:Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1284:Inflation rate (consumer prices):
838:), which in turn associated with
386:$ 17.6 billion (32nd) (1991 est.)
378:$ 13.1 billion (39th) (1991 est.)
320:$ 3,549 (1990, at current prices)
51:This article has multiple issues.
6184:New Economic System (GDR, 1960s)
5275:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4240:
4239:
3936:
3492:
3389:VojniÄ, Dragomir (22 May 2013).
3311:"Yugoslavia-THE REFORMS OF 1990"
2392:Budget Expenditures Million 1992
1970:Economy of Serbia and Montenegro
1653:
933:Collapse of the Yugoslav economy
670:, which stretches from northern
668:Highway of Brotherhood and Unity
422:$ 6.4 billion (52nd) (1991 est.)
414:$ 6.4 billion (51st) (1991 est.)
128:
81:
40:
31:Economy of Serbia and Montenegro
4135:Overthrow of Slobodan MiloÅ”eviÄ
3648:Overthrow of Slobodan MiloÅ”eviÄ
2434:Harvard University Press, 1994.
1964:After the breakup of Yugoslavia
1099:Yugoslavia took on a number of
401:$ 18 billion (36th) (1991 est.)
139:needs additional citations for
95:may be too short to adequately
59:or discuss these issues on the
4088:Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
3073:, Gadsden Times. June 1, 1974.
2532:10.1080/00128775.1979.11648203
2514:MalaÄiÄ, Janez (Summer 1979).
2501:. M.E. Sharpe, 1998. (pg. 200)
1678:GDP per capita of major cities
105:provide an accessible overview
1:
6052:Goulash (Hungarian) Communism
5916:Confederate States of America
5239:Economic histories by country
2252:Unemployment rate % 1992
472:economies of the Soviet Union
4217:SerbianāMontenegrin unionism
4070:Croatian War of Independence
3842:Anti-bureaucratic revolution
2364:Budget Revenues Million 1992
347:9,600,000 (32nd) (1991 est.)
18:Five-year plan of Yugoslavia
6276:Economies by former country
6133:Collectivization in Romania
6113:Collectivization in Ukraine
6098:Collectivization in Hungary
6047:Economy of the Soviet Union
5976:Scotland in the Middle Ages
5845:Mongolian People's Republic
3176:Mieczyslaw P. Boduszynski:
3139:Mieczyslaw P. Boduszynski:
2785:. ABC-CLIO, 2005. (pg. 574)
1948:
1930:
1912:
1894:
1876:
1858:
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1822:
1804:
1786:
1768:
1750:
1732:
1714:
1200:National Bank of Yugoslavia
1172:President George H. W. Bush
1101:International Monetary Fund
923:International Monetary Fund
880:International Monetary Fund
811:organizacije udruženog rada
801:
6292:
6256:Former communist economies
6118:Land Reforms (Afghanistan)
5926:England in the Middle Ages
4922:Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia
2909:(in Croatian). 15 May 2019
2520:Eastern European Economics
2336:External Debt Million 1992
2196:Inflation Rate % 1992
1992:Economy of North Macedonia
1977:
1967:
1954:
1943:
1936:
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1907:
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1889:
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1810:
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1745:
1738:
1727:
1720:
1709:
1613:
1579:
1545:
1511:
1477:
1443:
1409:
1375:
862:were sometimes members of
28:
6143:Systematization (Romania)
6108:Battle for trade (Poland)
6077:Economy of SFR Yugoslavia
5192:
4972:Yugoslav Radio Television
4749:
4745:
4610:
4343:Federal Executive Council
4272:
4235:
4118:Joint Criminal Enterprise
3904:
3552:
3154:"General Government Debt"
2060:Yugoslavia Economy - 1990
1866:SR Bosnia and Herzegovina
1758:SR Bosnia and Herzegovina
1547:SR Bosnia and Herzegovina
688:socialist self-management
630:227 km (141 mi)
617:195 km (121 mi)
593:242 km (150 mi)
434:
271:1 January ā 31 December (
6128:Three Year Plan (Poland)
4277:Administrative divisions
3266:, Routledge, 2014, p. 96
3248:Gervasi, op. cit., p. 44
2119:GDP/GNP Growth Rate 1991
897:Effect of the oil crisis
604:112 km (70 mi)
514:market socialist economy
483:Yugoslav-Soviet break-up
6169:New Course (GDR, 1950s)
6152:Pre-dissolution reforms
6037:Economy of East Germany
4207:Montenegrin nationalism
3948:Republics and provinces
3860:Independence of Croatia
3778:1981 protests in Kosovo
2740:A Future for Socialism.
2432:A Future for Socialism.
2147:Per Capita GDP/GNP 1991
1208:Paris Club of Creditors
582:98 km (61 mi)
553:believed that the term
500:Post-World War II years
481:, especially after the
430:$ 3.5 billion (1966-88)
6210:Eastern Bloc economies
6023:Eastern Bloc economies
5657:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4202:Macedonian nationalism
4177:Anti-Serbian sentiment
3979:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3572:6 January Dictatorship
3497:Quotations related to
3230:Chossudovsky, Michel.
2966:"Inflation Calculator"
2497:Marilyn Rueschemeyer.
1256:Union of Reform Forces
1135:
1127:
854:
844:
834:
820:
810:
785:
777:
660:Å amacāSarajevo railway
656:BrÄkoāBanoviÄi railway
547:New Economic Mechanism
476:other Eastern European
463:worker self-management
355:16% (21st) (1991 est.)
337:164% (7th) (1991 est.)
6271:Economy of Yugoslavia
5850:Serbia and Montenegro
5811:Former industrialized
4402:Deputy heads of state
4353:Deputy Prime Minister
4222:Slovenian nationalism
3760:Brotherhood and unity
3731:Breakup of Yugoslavia
3717:Breakup of Yugoslavia
1996:Economy of Montenegro
1978:Further information:
1133:
1125:
783:
775:
704:gender discrimination
455:country's dissolution
6062:Economy of Lithuania
5869:Historical economies
4811:in the United States
4458:League of Communists
4197:Croatian nationalism
4187:Albanian nationalism
3660:Yugoslav irredentism
3464:Lampe, John. (1996)
2794:Anthony M. Messina.
2308:Imports Million 1992
2091:GDP/GNP Million 1991
891:paid maternity leave
864:business communities
830:labour organisations
712:Non-Aligned Movement
247:Socialist Yugoslavia
148:improve this article
6251:Economies of Europe
6072:Economy of Moldavia
5712:Republic of Ireland
5391:Antigua and Barbuda
4589:Territorial Defense
4470:counterintelligence
4212:Serbian nationalism
4192:Bosniak nationalism
3783:Islamic Declaration
2927:James M. Boughton,
2781:Richard C. Frucht.
2716:, 1945-1990, p. 272
2712:Susan L. Woodward:
2653:, 1945-1990, p. 223
2649:Susan L. Woodward:
2618:, 1945-1990, p. 159
2614:Susan L. Woodward:
2605:, 1945-1990, p. 280
2601:Susan L. Woodward:
2592:, 1945-1990, p. 316
2588:Susan L. Woodward:
2579:, 1945-1990, p. 286
2575:Susan L. Woodward:
2563:, 1945-1990, p. 383
2559:Susan L. Woodward:
2488:, 1945-1990, p. 273
2484:Susan L. Woodward:
2421:, 1945-1990, p. 169
2417:Susan L. Woodward:
2280:Export Million 1992
2004:Economy of Slovenia
1684:
1340:
1286:2,700% (1989 est.)
666:, and parts of the
249:
5159:Flag of Yugoslavia
4690:Telecommunications
3665:Yugoslav Committee
3609:Belgrade offensive
3284:Sabrina P. Ramet:
2672:The New York Times
1984:Economy of Croatia
1682:
1338:
1290:Unemployment rate:
1212:debt restructuring
1136:
1128:
949:GDP (billion US$ )
835:radne organizacije
786:
778:
640:Youth work actions
561:Youth work actions
461:, with a focus on
6238:
6237:
6067:Economy of Latvia
5989:
5988:
5941:Habsburg monarchy
5909:Republic of China
5205:
5204:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5127:
5126:
4732:
4731:
4724:List of companies
4700:Telephone numbers
4597:
4596:
4453:Political parties
4360:Foreign relations
4259:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4047:
4046:
3848:Gazimestan speech
3835:Events and actors
3807:Agrokomerc Affair
3626:Informbiro period
3621:TitoāStalin split
3430:Alex J. Bellamy.
3315:data.mongabay.com
2819:, Herbert Matis.
2000:Economy of Serbia
1988:Economy of Kosovo
1961:
1960:
1702:
1695:
1675:
1674:
1647:
1646:
1272:Slovenian model.
1187:; especially the
1093:
1092:
814:). The smallest,
794:associated labour
692:workers' councils
637:
636:
516:: factories were
510:socialist economy
447:
446:
427:Economic aid
242:
241:
234:
224:
223:
216:
198:
122:
121:
74:
16:(Redirected from
6283:
6266:Market socialism
6215:Shortage economy
6203:Related concepts
6086:Collectivization
6016:
6009:
6002:
5993:
5931:Ethiopian Empire
5886:Byzantine Empire
5835:Empire of Brazil
5232:
5225:
5218:
5209:
5150:
5148:1945–1992)
5142:
5141:(1918–1945
5063:Central European
4978:
4945:National costume
4884:Yugoslav studies
4866:
4747:
4743:
4653:
4635:
4620:Computer systems
4608:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4554:
4547:
4535:
4528:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4270:
4243:
4242:
4162:United Macedonia
4112:Dayton Agreement
4065:Ethnic cleansing
4032:Eastern Slavonia
3941:
3940:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3906:
3884:Brioni Agreement
3710:
3703:
3696:
3687:
3577:Yugoslav regency
3550:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3506:
3496:
3435:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3376:www.theodora.com
3368:
3362:
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3298:
3295:
3289:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3267:
3260:
3249:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3234:. Archived from
3227:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3207:
3200:
3194:
3187:
3181:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3150:
3144:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3083:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3030:
3021:
3018:
3001:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2938:
2932:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2867:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2838:
2830:
2824:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2799:
2792:
2786:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2749:
2743:
2738:John E. Roemer.
2736:
2730:
2723:
2717:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2691:. Archived from
2685:
2676:
2675:
2663:
2654:
2647:
2641:
2636:Fred Singleton.
2634:
2619:
2612:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2586:
2580:
2573:
2564:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2511:
2502:
2495:
2489:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2469:
2461:
2448:
2441:
2435:
2430:John E. Roemer.
2428:
2422:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2224:Labor Force 1992
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2055:
1701:(Yugoslavia=100)
1700:
1693:
1685:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1341:
1303:Budget: revenues
1269:market socialism
1265:social democracy
1077:$ 21.961 billion
937:
857:
847:
837:
828:, also known as
823:
813:
565:
555:market socialism
528:Market socialism
479:socialist states
396:
250:
248:
237:
230:
219:
212:
208:
205:
199:
197:
156:
132:
124:
117:
114:
108:
85:
77:
66:
44:
43:
36:
21:
6291:
6290:
6286:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6241:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6198:
6147:
6081:
6025:
6020:
5990:
5985:
5864:
5840:Empire of Japan
5820:Austria-Hungary
5812:
5806:
5785:
5623:
5579:Solomon Islands
5480:
5379:
5241:
5236:
5206:
5201:
5180:
5146:
5140:
5123:
5072:
4976:
4870:
4864:
4817:
4791:Public holidays
4728:
4695:Internet domain
4651:
4633:
4593:
4578:
4572:1945–1992
4571:
4565:1918–1945
4564:
4553:1945–1992
4552:
4546:1918–1945
4545:
4534:1945–1992
4533:
4527:1918–1945
4526:
4512:
4506:1945–1992
4505:
4499:1918–1945
4498:
4476:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4251:
4231:
4172:United Slovenia
4157:Greater Croatia
4152:Greater Albania
4140:
4043:
3996:
3943:
3935:
3933:
3900:
3830:
3789:SANU Memorandum
3772:Croatian Spring
3754:Josip Broz Tito
3742:
3719:
3714:
3676:
3539:
3533:
3489:
3443:
3441:Further reading
3438:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3343:John R. Lampe:
3342:
3335:
3327:Milica Uvalic:
3326:
3322:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3261:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3201:
3197:
3188:
3184:
3175:
3171:
3162:
3160:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3118:news.google.com
3112:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3091:news.google.com
3085:
3084:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3051:
3042:
3040:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3019:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2974:
2972:
2970:dollartimes.com
2964:
2963:
2959:
2950:
2948:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2910:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2793:
2789:
2780:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2757:www.photius.com
2751:
2750:
2746:
2737:
2733:
2724:
2720:
2711:
2707:
2698:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2679:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2648:
2644:
2635:
2622:
2613:
2609:
2600:
2596:
2587:
2583:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2496:
2492:
2483:
2479:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2451:
2442:
2438:
2429:
2425:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2057:
2056:
2047:
2043:
2026:
2006:
1976:
1966:
1699:
1692:
1680:
1671:
1658:
1654:
1336:
1278:
1248:
1120:
998:$ 3.177 billion
935:
919:shock treatment
899:
770:
684:
682:1950s and 1960s
563:
530:
502:
443:
406:Public finances
398:
394:
362:
361:Main industries
344:
334:
319:
315:
305:
268:
246:
238:
227:
226:
225:
220:
209:
203:
200:
157:
155:
145:
133:
118:
112:
109:
102:
90:This article's
86:
45:
41:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6289:
6287:
6279:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6243:
6242:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6206:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6155:
6153:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6123:Dekulakization
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6026:
6021:
6019:
6018:
6011:
6004:
5996:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5966:Ottoman Empire
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5921:Dutch Republic
5918:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5888:
5883:
5881:Ashanti Empire
5878:
5876:Ancient Greece
5872:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5825:Czechoslovakia
5822:
5816:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5793:
5791:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5776:
5769:United Kingdom
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5672:Czech Republic
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5212:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5199:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5156:
5151:
5144:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4990:
4984:
4982:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4930:
4925:
4918:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4880:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4836:Serbo-Croatian
4833:
4827:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4750:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4687:
4685:Stock Exchange
4682:
4677:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4660:
4655:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4617:
4611:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4568:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4549:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4530:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4502:
4492:
4486:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4404:
4399:
4397:Heads of state
4394:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4348:Prime Minister
4340:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4167:Greater Serbia
4164:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4094:Graz agreement
4091:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4062:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3909:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3866:Log Revolution
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3822:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3801:Slovene Spring
3798:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3734:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3672:Yugo-nostalgia
3669:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3616:SFR Yugoslavia
3613:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538: articles
3534:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3488:
3487:External links
3485:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3423:
3408:
3381:
3363:
3349:
3333:
3320:
3299:
3290:
3277:
3268:
3250:
3241:
3238:on 2014-06-24.
3222:
3208:
3195:
3182:
3169:
3145:
3132:
3123:
3105:
3096:
3075:
3063:
3049:
3022:
3002:
2993:
2981:
2957:
2933:
2920:
2892:
2883:
2854:
2825:
2817:Alice Teichova
2809:
2800:
2787:
2774:
2762:
2744:
2731:
2718:
2705:
2677:
2655:
2642:
2620:
2607:
2594:
2581:
2565:
2552:
2503:
2490:
2477:
2449:
2443:Janos Kornai.
2436:
2423:
2410:
2382:
2354:
2326:
2298:
2270:
2242:
2214:
2186:
2181:unstats.un.org
2165:
2137:
2109:
2078:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2025:
2022:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1696:
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1676:
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1672:
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1645:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1335:
1332:
1322:External debt:
1277:
1274:
1247:
1244:
1228:Branko MikuliÄ
1204:liberalization
1156:Eastern Europe
1119:
1116:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:84.6 (25.96%)
1081:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:62.8 (31.85%)
1061:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:$ 18.9 billion
1035:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:21.5 (21.86%)
1021:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:15.8 (20.11%)
1001:
999:
996:
992:
991:
988:
985:
983:
980:
977:
973:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
961:
957:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
934:
931:
911:Branko MikuliÄ
898:
895:
798:Serbo-Croatian
790:Edvard Kardelj
769:
766:
686:In the 1950s,
683:
680:
635:
634:
631:
628:
622:
621:
618:
615:
613:Sarajevo-PloÄe
609:
608:
605:
602:
598:
597:
594:
591:
590:Å amac-Sarajevo
587:
586:
583:
580:
579:BrÄko-BanoviÄi
576:
575:
572:
569:
562:
559:
535:Oskar R. Lange
529:
526:
501:
498:
468:social welfare
459:state planning
445:
444:
435:
432:
431:
428:
424:
423:
420:
416:
415:
412:
408:
407:
403:
402:
399:
391:
388:
387:
384:
380:
379:
376:
372:
371:
367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
356:
353:
349:
348:
345:
342:
339:
338:
335:
325:
322:
321:
316:
314:GDP per capita
313:
310:
309:
306:
303:
300:
299:
296:
292:
291:
288:
282:
281:
277:
276:
269:
264:
261:
260:
257:Yugoslav dinar
254:
240:
239:
222:
221:
204:September 2021
136:
134:
127:
120:
119:
113:September 2021
99:the key points
89:
87:
80:
75:
49:
48:
46:
39:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6288:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6201:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6017:
6012:
6010:
6005:
6003:
5998:
5997:
5994:
5982:
5981:Tamil Country
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5956:Mongol Empire
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5809:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5788:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5471:United States
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5233:
5228:
5226:
5221:
5219:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5145:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5069:
5068:Mediterranean
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4867:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4776:Ethnic groups
4774:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4663:National Bank
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4590:
4587:
4581:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4550:
4548:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4531:
4529:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4501:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4248:
4247:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4059:Yugoslav Wars
4057:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3930:
3925:
3923:
3918:
3916:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3711:
3706:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3638:FR Yugoslavia
3636:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3530:
3525:
3523:
3518:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3419:
3412:
3409:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3039:
3038:OECD iLibrary
3035:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2908:
2907:
2906:VeÄernji list
2902:
2896:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2871:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2842:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2695:on 2017-10-01
2694:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2526:(4): 85ā109.
2525:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2472:www.znaci.net
2466:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2383:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2355:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2243:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2110:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:Yugoslav wars
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1957:
1956:SR Montenegro
1951:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1697:
1694:(1991 Census)
1690:
1677:
1669:
1668:MediaWiki.org
1665:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1513:SR Montenegro
1510:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1445:SAP Vojvodina
1442:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:Federal unit
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1232:Ante MarkoviÄ
1229:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1170:to meet with
1169:
1165:
1164:Ante MarkoviÄ
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:United States
1145:
1141:
1132:
1124:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1105:underemployed
1102:
1097:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:9.1% or 8.1%
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1017:$ 4.7 billion
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:$ 1.2 billion
978:
975:
974:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:$ 400 million
962:
959:
958:
955:Unemployment
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
938:
932:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
915:stabilisation
912:
908:
907:Milka Planinc
904:
896:
894:
892:
886:
883:
881:
875:
872:
867:
865:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
792:'s theory of
791:
782:
774:
767:
765:
763:
759:
753:
750:
744:
742:
737:
735:
732:The official
730:
728:
727:Energoprojekt
723:
721:
717:
713:
708:
705:
699:
697:
693:
689:
681:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:national hero
649:
645:
641:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
606:
603:
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592:
589:
588:
584:
581:
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573:
570:
567:
566:
560:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
527:
525:
523:
522:collectivized
519:
515:
511:
508:
499:
497:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
477:
473:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
442:
440:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
404:
400:
397:
395:external debt
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
364:
358:
354:
350:
346:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
317:
311:
307:
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297:
293:
289:
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283:
278:
274:
273:calendar year
270:
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236:
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218:
215:
207:
196:
193:
189:
186:
182:
179:
175:
172:
168:
165: ā
164:
160:
159:Find sources:
153:
149:
143:
142:
137:This article
135:
131:
126:
125:
116:
106:
100:
98:
93:
88:
84:
79:
78:
73:
71:
64:
63:
58:
57:
52:
47:
38:
37:
32:
27:
19:
6225:Stakhanovite
6076:
5971:Roman Empire
5936:Feudal Japan
5904:Ming dynasty
5899:Song dynasty
5859:
5855:Soviet Union
5830:East Germany
5634:
5574:Saudi Arabia
5491:
5350:South Africa
5252:
4920:
4894:Architecture
4754:Demographics
4675:Postal codes
4602:
4419:Human rights
4289:Constitution
4244:
4182:Islamophobia
4052:Consequences
3768:(until 1990)
3762:(until 1990)
3756:(until 1980)
3584:World War II
3501:at Wikiquote
3479:
3472:
3465:
3448:
3431:
3426:
3417:
3411:
3399:. Retrieved
3394:
3384:
3375:
3366:
3352:
3323:
3314:
3293:
3280:
3271:
3244:
3236:the original
3225:
3211:
3203:
3198:
3190:
3185:
3172:
3161:. Retrieved
3157:
3148:
3135:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3070:
3066:
3041:. Retrieved
3037:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2973:. Retrieved
2969:
2960:
2949:. Retrieved
2946:ivanstat.com
2945:
2936:
2928:
2923:
2911:. Retrieved
2904:
2895:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2869:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2840:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2803:
2795:
2790:
2782:
2777:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2739:
2734:
2726:
2721:
2713:
2708:
2697:. Retrieved
2693:the original
2671:
2650:
2645:
2637:
2615:
2610:
2602:
2597:
2589:
2584:
2576:
2560:
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2523:
2519:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2471:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2426:
2418:
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2397:CIA Factbook
2391:
2385:
2373:. Retrieved
2369:CIA Factbook
2363:
2357:
2345:. Retrieved
2341:CIA Factbook
2335:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2313:CIA Factbook
2307:
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2285:CIA Factbook
2279:
2273:
2261:. Retrieved
2257:CIA Factbook
2251:
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2229:CIA Factbook
2223:
2217:
2205:. Retrieved
2201:CIA Factbook
2195:
2189:
2180:
2156:. Retrieved
2152:CIA Factbook
2146:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:CIA Factbook
2118:
2112:
2100:. Retrieved
2096:CIA Factbook
2090:
2069:. Retrieved
2065:CIA Factbook
2059:
2007:
1776:SR Macedonia
1581:SR Macedonia
1328:Electricity:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1240:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1197:
1193:
1181:
1137:
1113:
1109:
1098:
1094:
1057:$ 20 billion
914:
900:
887:
884:
876:
870:
868:
863:
859:
850:labour units
849:
839:
829:
825:
815:
805:
802:udruženi rad
787:
762:West Germany
758:West Germany
754:
749:exploitation
745:
738:
731:
724:
709:
700:
685:
674:to southern
664:New Belgrade
638:
626:Belgrade-Bar
554:
551:JƔnos Kornai
542:
531:
518:nationalized
503:
487:
450:
448:
436:
352:Unemployment
343:Labour force
308:-6.3% (1991)
228:
210:
201:
191:
184:
177:
170:
158:
146:Please help
141:verification
138:
110:
94:
92:lead section
67:
60:
54:
53:Please help
50:
26:
5946:Inca Empire
5894:Han dynasty
5802:New Zealand
5764:Switzerland
5729:Netherlands
5589:South Korea
5569:Philippines
5549:North Korea
5305:Ivory Coast
5104:Montenegrin
5017:Montenegrin
4865:(Slovenian)
4851:Montenegrin
4615:Agriculture
4446:RankoviÄism
4392:Governments
4227:Yugoslavism
4145:Nationalism
4131:(1993ā2017)
4108:(1992ā1994)
4102:(1992ā2001)
4084:(1992ā1995)
4082:Bosnian War
4076:Ten-Day War
4072:(1991ā1995)
4061:(1991-2001)
4008:SAO Krajina
3897:(1991ā1993)
3868:(1990ā1991)
3862:(1989ā1992)
3844:(1988ā1989)
3803:(1987ā1988)
3774:(1967ā1971)
3739:(1980ā2008)
3733:(1991ā1992)
3655:Yugoslavism
3631:Balkan Pact
3158:www.imf.org
2870:www.cia.gov
2841:www.cia.gov
2465:"znaci.net"
1794:SR Slovenia
1664:Phabricator
1377:SR Slovenia
1292:15% (1989)
1246:Early 1990s
1189:German mark
1160:Berlin Wall
1140:non-aligned
1043:70.0 (27%)
929:creditors.
855:radne grupe
826:enterprises
741:U.S. dollar
662:, parts of
539:John Roemer
298:24th (1991)
266:Fiscal year
245:Economy of
6245:Categories
5860:Yugoslavia
5604:Tajikistan
5514:East Timor
5499:Azerbaijan
5493:Arab world
5325:Mozambique
5315:Madagascar
5099:Macedonian
5077:Literature
5005:Macedonian
4950:Philosophy
4831:Macedonian
4786:Minorities
4781:Healthcare
4652:(currency)
4634:(currency)
4541:Air Force
4431:Parliament
4407:Presidency
3991:Montenegro
3985:Montenegro
3819:JBTZ trial
3747:Background
3643:Kosovo War
3536:Yugoslavia
3401:10 October
3180:, p. 66-67
3163:2019-08-23
3143:, p. 64-65
3043:2018-03-29
2975:2019-08-23
2951:2018-03-25
2699:2017-10-01
2041:References
1968:See also:
1938:SR Croatia
1891:Kragujevac
1855:Banja Luka
1848:SR Croatia
1740:SR Croatia
1715:1,552,151
1615:SAP Kosovo
1411:SR Croatia
1236:privatised
1168:Washington
1144:superpower
1118:Late 1980s
927:Paris Club
903:oil crisis
601:BihaÄ-Knin
574:Completed
494:Yugoslavia
485:in 1948.
439:US dollars
304:GDP growth
280:Statistics
174:newspapers
56:improve it
6030:Economies
5813:economies
5797:Australia
5724:Lithuania
5584:Singapore
5559:Palestine
5524:Indonesia
5451:Nicaragua
5396:Argentina
5041:Slovenian
4938:composers
4823:Languages
4806:in Canada
4801:in Serbia
4796:Yugoslavs
4771:Education
4712:Transport
4668:governors
4338:Elections
4038:Macedonia
3967:Macedonia
3594:Partisans
2876:21 August
2847:21 August
2014:secession
1920:SR Serbia
1909:Smederevo
1902:SR Serbia
1884:SR Serbia
1830:SR Serbia
1812:SR Serbia
1783:Ljubljana
1722:SR Serbia
1705:Republic
1698:GDP Index
1691:Residents
1479:SR Serbia
946:Inflation
676:Macedonia
327:Inflation
97:summarize
62:talk page
5951:Iroquois
5774:Scotland
5749:Slovakia
5739:Portugal
5662:Bulgaria
5609:Thailand
5564:Pakistan
5554:Mongolia
5544:Malaysia
5504:Cambodia
5461:Paraguay
5421:Colombia
5401:Barbados
5384:Americas
5375:Zimbabwe
5285:Ethiopia
5270:Botswana
5197:Category
5089:Croatian
4993:Croatian
4965:football
4955:Religion
4928:Folklore
4863:Slovene
4846:Croatian
4717:Railways
4680:Services
4645:Industry
4482:Military
4465:Security
4441:Äilasism
4385:Passport
4265:Politics
4246:Category
4001:Autonomy
3955:Slovenia
3878:RAM Plan
3724:Overview
3599:Chetniks
3589:Invasion
3562:Creation
3557:Timeline
2403:June 13,
2375:June 13,
2347:June 13,
2319:June 13,
2291:June 13,
2263:June 13,
2235:June 13,
2207:June 13,
2158:June 13,
2130:June 13,
2102:June 13,
2071:June 13,
2024:See also
1949:136,473
1945:Titograd
1931:143,964
1913:144,107
1895:144,608
1877:155,499
1873:Pristina
1859:195,692
1841:221,456
1823:253,124
1805:299,294
1801:Novi Sad
1787:326,133
1769:506,926
1751:527,049
1747:Sarajevo
1733:777,826
1711:Belgrade
1316:Imports:
1310:Exports:
1267:and the
1176:devalued
1166:went to
734:workweek
672:Slovenia
419:Expenses
411:Revenues
370:External
295:GDP rank
253:Currency
6230:Comecon
6220:Sovkhoz
5790:Oceania
5707:Ireland
5702:Hungary
5692:Germany
5682:Estonia
5677:Denmark
5667:Croatia
5652:Belgium
5647:Austria
5642:Albania
5619:Vietnam
5476:Uruguay
5441:Jamaica
5431:Ecuador
5360:Tunisia
5345:Somalia
5340:Senegal
5330:Nigeria
5320:Morocco
5290:Eritrea
5260:Algeria
5139:Anthem
5132:Symbols
5114:Slovene
5109:Serbian
5094:Kosovan
5084:Bosnian
5053:Kosovan
5029:Serbian
4988:Bosnian
4981:Cuisine
4889:Academy
4876:Culture
4856:Serbian
4841:Bosnian
4759:Kingdom
4738:Society
4707:Tourism
4603:Economy
4579:Marshal
4490:History
4436:Titoism
4412:members
4282:Kingdom
4090:(1992ā)
4026:Ilirida
4014:Sandžak
3961:Croatia
3827:(1980s)
3682:Breakup
3567:Kingdom
3545:History
2540:4379583
1666:and on
1185:cheques
1152:Central
716:Comecon
507:planned
383:Imports
375:Exports
188:scholar
5961:Muisca
5890:China
5759:Sweden
5744:Russia
5734:Norway
5697:Greece
5687:France
5636:Europe
5628:Europe
5614:Turkey
5599:Taiwan
5534:Israel
5456:Panama
5446:Mexico
5411:Canada
5406:Brazil
5370:Zambia
5365:Uganda
5335:Rwanda
5300:Guinea
5265:Angola
5254:Africa
5246:Africa
5154:Emblem
5058:Balkan
4904:Cinema
4658:Mining
4650:Krone
4640:Energy
4632:Dinar
4560:Ranks
4513:Ground
4137:(2000)
4125:(1996)
4114:(1996)
4096:(1992)
4078:(1991)
4040:(2004)
4034:(1997)
4028:(1992)
4022:(1991)
4020:Srpska
4016:(1991)
4010:(1990)
3993:(2006)
3987:(1992)
3981:(1992)
3975:(1991)
3973:Kosovo
3969:(1991)
3963:(1991)
3957:(1990)
3886:(1991)
3880:(1991)
3874:(1991)
3856:(1990)
3850:(1989)
3821:(1988)
3815:(1987)
3809:(1987)
3797:(1987)
3791:(1986)
3785:(1983)
3604:UstaŔe
2913:15 May
2545:26 May
2538:
2399:. 1992
2371:. 1992
2343:. 1992
2315:. 1992
2287:. 1992
2259:. 1992
2231:. 1992
2203:. 1992
2154:. 1992
2126:. 1992
2098:. 1992
2067:. 1992
2002:, and
1927:Rijeka
1765:Skopje
1729:Zagreb
1507:103.1
1473:119.0
1470:117.8
1467:113.5
1464:115.1
1461:107.4
1458:112.5
1455:107.9
1439:125.6
1436:125.3
1433:125.6
1430:123.1
1427:123.6
1424:120.3
1421:119.2
1418:122.5
1415:115.4
1405:199.0
1402:203.1
1399:200.5
1396:205.3
1393:193.7
1390:183.2
1387:180.4
1384:174.9
1381:161.1
1210:about
1089:16.1%
1069:14.4%
1066:-7.07%
1049:13.8%
1046:12.13%
1026:17.75%
1006:12.95%
982:34.6%
658:, the
571:Length
543:market
512:and a
392:Gross
190:
183:
176:
169:
161:
5779:Wales
5754:Spain
5719:Italy
5594:Syria
5539:Japan
5519:India
5509:China
5436:Haiti
5416:Chile
5355:Sudan
5310:Kenya
5295:Ghana
5280:Egypt
5171:Motto
5119:Poets
4960:Sport
4933:Music
4916:Drama
4909:films
4522:Navy
4494:Army
3395:HrÄak
2866:(PDF)
2837:(PDF)
2536:JSTOR
2468:(PDF)
1837:Split
1688:City
1643:25.6
1640:27.7
1637:28.6
1634:33.4
1631:34.1
1628:36.5
1625:37.4
1622:42.5
1619:45.8
1609:65.7
1606:64.2
1603:66.3
1600:68.0
1597:70.0
1594:66.6
1591:63.9
1588:68.4
1585:68.0
1575:67.9
1572:68.7
1569:65.6
1566:65.8
1563:67.6
1560:71.7
1557:76.0
1554:83.3
1551:85.7
1541:73.5
1538:78.0
1535:79.6
1532:69.1
1529:77.2
1526:76.3
1523:64.5
1520:77.2
1517:74.8
1504:99.2
1501:98.7
1498:96.7
1495:96.5
1492:96.3
1489:96.4
1486:90.8
1483:96.8
1452:93.6
1449:99.4
1371:1989
1368:1985
1365:1980
1362:1975
1359:1970
1356:1965
1353:1960
1350:1955
1347:1953
1086:-1.4%
1080:167%
1009:6.7%
990:6.6%
987:9.11%
768:1970s
633:1976
620:1966
607:1948
596:1947
585:1946
492:left
259:(YUD)
195:JSTOR
181:books
5529:Iran
5485:Asia
5466:Peru
5426:Cuba
5164:list
5046:wine
5034:wine
5022:wine
5010:wine
4998:wine
4764:SFRY
4625:list
4424:LGBT
4330:1974
4323:1963
4316:1953
4309:1946
4302:1931
4295:1921
3403:2022
2915:2019
2878:2022
2849:2022
2547:2021
2405:2010
2377:2010
2349:2010
2321:2010
2293:2010
2265:2010
2237:2010
2209:2010
2160:2010
2132:2010
2104:2010
2073:2010
2008:The
1972:and
1934:213
1916:182
1898:114
1844:137
1826:110
1808:172
1790:260
1754:133
1736:188
1718:147
1296:GDP:
1154:and
1074:1987
1060:40%
1054:1982
1040:27%
1034:1980
1020:20%
1014:1973
995:1971
976:1965
960:1954
943:Debt
940:Year
909:and
901:The
720:OECD
568:Name
488:The
474:and
449:The
167:news
4899:Art
4380:EEC
4375:OAU
4370:NAM
2528:doi
2018:GDP
1952:87
1880:70
1862:97
1819:NiÅ”
1772:90
696:GDP
549:),
331:CPI
286:GDP
150:by
6247::
4365:UN
3374:.
3336:^
3313:.
3302:^
3253:^
3156:.
3116:.
3089:.
3078:^
3052:^
3036:.
3025:^
3005:^
2968:.
2944:.
2903:.
2868:.
2839:.
2755:.
2680:^
2670:.
2658:^
2623:^
2568:^
2534:.
2524:17
2522:.
2518:.
2506:^
2470:.
2452:^
2395:.
2367:.
2339:.
2311:.
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