33:
541:
The coal seams of the
Bradford Group are the Two Foot, Doctor, New, Yard, Bradford Foor Foot, Three Quarters and Charlotte mines, the Charlotte being closest to the surface. The Openshaw mine above the Charlotte was worked for fireclay. Below the Bradford Group and the Parker mine are the Top, Middle
88:
above Bolton and are not worked in the
Manchester Coalfield. The most productive of the coal measures are the lower two thirds of the Middle Coal Measures where coal is mined from seams between the Worsley Four Foot and Arley mines. The deepest and most productive collieries were to the south of the
529:
than the rest of the
Manchester Coalfield. Workable seams are close to the surface and coal from the deep Roger mine was considered to be of the highest quality. The Upper Coal Measures above the Worsley Four Foot mine, known as the Parker mine, are worked in this part of the coalfield and known as
231:
The
Crombouke is a seam from 2 feet 6 inches to 4 feet 6 inches of good quality coal in the west and corresponds to the Roger mine in central Manchester. The Crombouke mine at Worsley thins out and is known as the Albert at Pendleton, The Crombouke mine at Pendleton is
262:
The Rams mine has a minimum thickness of 4 feet (1.2 m) and average thickness of 6 feet (1.8 m) west of the fault. To the east it is up to 9 feet (2.7 m) in thickness. The high quality coal was mined to considerable depths under
Pendlebury and Salford.
542:
and Deep mines and 60 feet (18 m) below them, the Roger mine. The Top, Middle and Deep mines correspond to the Major, Bland and Ashton Great mines in the Oldham
Coalfield. The Crumbouke mine in the western coalfield is the Roger mine in central Manchester.
513:
and
Daubhill, Bolton. Its average thickness was 3 feet (0.91 m) to 4 feet (1.2 m). It produced excellent quality coal for coking, house and steam coal. The Arley mine was worked throughout the coalfield and around Tyldesley was a hot mine.
119:
exploiting the
Worsley Four Foot Mine. Deeper mines were sunk when steam engines were developed to pump water from the shafts. Most collieries to the east of the Pendleton Fault had closed before 1929. A group of independent companies formed
281:
The Black and White mine is a double seam with 7 feet 5 inches (2.26 m) of workable coal. Top coal is the White mine and bottom coal is the Black mine. It outcrops at the south east corner of Hulton Park and in
373:. It had a thickness of 3 feet (0.91 m) to 4 feet (1.2 m) at Astley and Tyldesley and up to 8 feet (2.4 m) elsewhere. The seam outcropped between Schofield Lane and Bag Lane in Atherton.
191:. It is from 3 feet (0.91 m) to 4 feet (1.2 m) in thickness and was used as steam coal. The mine was wet due to the permeable sandstone above it. It was worked westwards from Worsley to
482:
The Three
Quarters mine had a maximum height of 2 feet (0.61 m) and was worked, where the thickness of the seam allowed, to produce coking coal. It was worked at Chew Moor, Deane Moor and
876:
104:. The Coal Measures generally dip towards the south and west. Numerous other smaller faults affect the coalfield. The Upper Coal Measures are not worked in the Manchester Coalfield.
152:
of varying thicknesses. The mines were frequently named after their thickness – Yard, Three
Quarters – or given local names in the areas in which they were first worked.
309:. The lower coals of this mine were worked around Tyldesley as the Yard mine, near Bolton the top coal was worked as the Bancroft mine. The seam outcrops on either side of the
351:
This coal seam varies in thickness between 2 feet 6 inches (0.76 m) and 4 feet (1.2 m) and the coal was used for coking and gas making and household use.
210:
The Bin Mine has a maximum height of 3 feet 9 inches (1.14 m); its coal was mainly used by industry. Above the Bin mine the sandstones contain a layer of
336:
This seam was worked extensively east of the Irwell Valley Fault around Radcliffe. The seam was split by a dirt band and the coal was used as steam and household coal.
290:
and Chowbent in Atherton where it was mined in shallow ladder pits or drifts. The seam measured 7 feet 10 inches (2.39 m) in Atherton town centre.
195:. This coal seam is known as the Parker mine in the central coalfield under Manchester where a series of coal seams, the Bradford Group, was worked above it.
392:
burns easily with a bright light and leaves little ash. This was the lowest coal seam worked east of the Irwell Valley. Cannel was used to make coal gas.
551:
406:
The Sapling mine is thickest in the west but reduces to 9 inches. The coal is poor quality but where mined was used for industrial steam raising.
525:
The eastern part of the coalfield under Manchester is isolated from the rest. The sequence of coal seams corresponds more closely with that of the
901:
911:
278:
Seven Foot (Tyldesley), Gingham mine (Black mine), Ten Foot (White mine) in (Bolton and Little Lever, east of fault), Great mine in Atherton
848:
896:
866:
452:
The Haigh Yard seam had a height of 5 feet (1.5 m) at Tyldesley. The coal seam was divided by a dirt parting of sandstone.
365:
The Trencherbone mine was extensively worked throughout the coalfield and reputedly produced the best coal. It outcropped at
502:
108:
906:
314:
107:
The early coal pits were dug to the shallow seams where they outcropped, particularly in the Irwell Valley and in
188:
179:
As the shallowest coal seam west of the Pendleton Fault, it was exploited from the early days of mining from
434:
306:
121:
57:
45:
429:. The coal seam was 2 feet 8 inches but thicker at Newtown. It was contaminated with
318:
85:
862:
844:
531:
287:
98:
526:
192:
32:
305:
The Doe mine has two coals separated by a dirt parting. At Newtown the seam was liable to
90:
501:
The Arley mine is the deepest of the seams of the Middle Coal Measures. It outcropped at
136:
is a colliery or pit. The beds of coal in the Coal Measures are separated by layers of
65:
890:
370:
283:
94:
61:
49:
510:
430:
310:
17:
389:
366:
53:
112:
670:
668:
483:
467:
This is a thin seam of coking coal with a maximum height of 20 inches.
247:
The Brassey mine is thickest around Tyldesley at 4 feet (1.2 m) thick.
211:
141:
137:
133:
101:
69:
89:
coalfield. The coalfield is affected by the northwest to southeast aligned
52:
Period. Some easily accessible seams were worked on a small scale from the
60:
in the early 19th century until the last quarter of the 20th century. The
506:
422:
228:
Albert (Pendleton), Top Yard (Radcliffe) Roger mine (central Manchester)
180:
149:
116:
81:
73:
806:
804:
753:
751:
132:
In this part of Lancashire a coal seam is referred to as a mine and the
535:
184:
810:
757:
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674:
659:
632:
426:
145:
77:
31:
509:
where it was 2 feet (0.61 m) thick, and at Chew Moor,
859:
Collieries and their Railways in the Manchester Coalfields
388:
The Cannel mine was on average less than one foot thick.
84:. The Lower Coal Measures occupy the high ground of the
176:
Pendleton Four Foot, Parker mine in central Manchester
124:in 1929, to work the reserves of the coalfield.
48:, the coal seams of which were laid down in the
643:
641:
597:
595:
265:At Atherton it formed good quality steam coal.
437:. It was poor quality but used as steam coal.
433:. At Sandhole Colliery the seam was liable to
8:
709:
707:
56:, and extensively from the beginning of the
875:Geological Survey of Great Britain (1862),
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
768:
766:
738:
736:
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259:Seven Foot (Walkden), Six Foot (Tyldesley)
128:Coal seams of the West Manchester Coalfield
616:
614:
612:
610:
552:List of collieries in Astley and Tyldesley
154:
27:Coal mining region in north-west England
811:Geological Survey of Great Britain 1862
758:Geological Survey of Great Britain 1862
699:Geological Survey of Great Britain 1862
675:Geological Survey of Great Britain 1862
660:Geological Survey of Great Britain 1862
633:Geological Survey of Great Britain 1862
567:
725:
713:
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772:
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686:
647:
620:
601:
586:
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7:
36:The pithead of Astley Green Colliery
421:The Plodder mine contains seams of
498:Dogshaw (Bury), Daubhill (Bolton)
244:Brassey Bottoms, Little (Newtown)
25:
317:where the seam was worked at the
183:and was accessed at the Delph at
226:Crumbouke, Shuttle (Pendlebury),
348:Victoria, Foor Foot (Atherton)
902:Coal mining regions in England
207:Top Five Quarters (Radcliffe)
1:
912:History of Greater Manchester
521:Central Manchester Coalfield
111:. The early collieries were
928:
881:, London Geological Museum
534:Group, above which is the
68:and are interspersed with
897:Coal mines in Lancashire
857:Hayes, Geoffrey (2004),
232:found below the Albert.
189:Worsley Navigable Levels
307:spontaneous combustion
302:Dow, Yard (Tyldesley)
171:Worsley Four Foot mine
37:
839:Davies, Alan (2009),
435:spontaneously combust
122:Manchester Collieries
58:Industrial Revolution
44:is part of the South
35:
273:Black and White mine
46:Lancashire Coalfield
42:Manchester Coalfield
841:Atherton Collieries
474:Three Quarters mine
64:lie above a bed of
907:Geology of England
418:Ravine (Atherton)
328:Five Quarters mine
319:Ladyshore Colliery
161:Alternative names
86:West Pennine Moors
38:
18:Five Quarters mine
878:Memoirs, Issue 13
850:978-1-84868-489-8
518:
517:
358:Trencherbone mine
99:Rossendale Valley
16:(Redirected from
919:
882:
871:
853:
826:
825:, pp. 21–22
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527:Oldham Coalfield
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385:King and Cannel
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333:Yard (Atherton)
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193:Bedford Colliery
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91:Pendleton Fault
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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459:Half Yard mine
454:
453:
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439:
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419:
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408:
407:
404:
402:
394:
393:
386:
383:
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363:
361:
353:
352:
349:
346:
343:Hell hole mine
338:
337:
334:
331:
323:
322:
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300:
292:
291:
279:
276:
268:
267:
260:
257:
249:
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224:
221:Crombouke Mine
216:
215:
208:
205:
197:
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177:
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159:
129:
126:
66:Millstone Grit
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
924:
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908:
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903:
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868:1-84306-135-X
864:
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617:
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603:
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588:
583:
580:
577:, p. 12.
576:
571:
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371:Irwell Valley
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284:Little Hulton
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95:Irwell Valley
92:
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67:
63:
62:Coal Measures
59:
55:
51:
50:Carboniferous
47:
43:
34:
30:
19:
877:
861:, Landmark,
858:
843:, Amberley,
840:
832:Bibliography
818:
798:, p. 13
775:, p. 14
745:, p. 15
728:, p. 22
721:
716:, p. 21
701:, p. 10
694:
689:, p. 16
682:
677:, p. 11
662:, p. 12
655:
650:, p. 20
635:, p. 13
628:
623:, p. 17
604:, p. 22
589:, p. 7.
582:
570:
540:
524:
511:Westhoughton
492:
473:
458:
443:
431:iron pyrites
413:Plodder mine
412:
399:Sapling mine
398:
379:
357:
342:
327:
311:River Irwell
296:
272:
264:
253:
239:Brassey mine
238:
220:
201:
170:
164:Description
131:
106:
41:
39:
29:
813:, p. 8
760:, p. 9
726:Davies 2009
714:Davies 2009
449:Haigh Yard
390:Cannel coal
380:Cannel mine
367:Stoneclough
286:and across
54:Middle Ages
891:Categories
823:Hayes 2004
796:Hayes 2004
773:Hayes 2004
743:Hayes 2004
687:Hayes 2004
648:Hayes 2004
621:Hayes 2004
602:Hayes 2004
587:Hayes 2004
575:Hayes 2004
558:References
493:Arley mine
142:sandstones
138:gritstones
93:along the
70:sandstones
563:Citations
484:Farnworth
444:Yard mine
254:Rams mine
212:ironstone
181:bell pits
150:mudstones
134:coal mine
117:bell pits
102:anticline
82:fireclays
74:mudstones
546:See also
532:Bradford
507:Blackrod
503:Red Moss
423:fireclay
297:Doe mine
288:Gibfield
202:Bin mine
109:Atherton
97:and the
538:Group.
536:Ardwick
369:in the
315:Clifton
187:by the
185:Worsley
865:
847:
479:Smith
427:shales
146:shales
80:, and
78:shales
505:near
464:Bone
158:Seam
113:adits
863:ISBN
845:ISBN
530:the
425:and
148:and
40:The
313:at
115:or
893::
803:^
780:^
765:^
750:^
733:^
706:^
667:^
640:^
609:^
594:^
486:.
321:.
214:.
144:,
140:,
76:,
72:,
20:)
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