580:; however, their use of crayfish slowly declines until about the age of six years old. When the catfish are around six years old, they completely cut crayfish out of their diet and they eat almost entirely a diet consisting of fish; this is called a piscivorous diet. Flathead catfish experience this diet change from the ages of two to six for one of two reasons, those being either a distribution to a habitat that doesn't contain crayfish or a change in diet because of the increase in size of the catfish. The flathead catfish of six years or older that eat mainly fish have a seasonal diet shift, meaning they eat different kinds of fish depending on the time of year. Flathead catfish are a warm-water species; because of this the average consumption of juvenile flathead catfish increases with increasing temperature, and their average consumption decreases with decreasing temperatures. These catfish have a large increase in feeding at roughly 66 °F (19 °C) and their appetite remains increased up to about 90 °F (32 °C). Their appetite starts to decrease at 60 °F (16 °C), most flatheads stop eating at 52 °F (11 °C), and no catfish ate any food at or below 45 °F (7 °C).
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in summer. By contrast, in the fall and winter, flathead catfish do not show any increased movement within a 24-hour time frame, with their diel movement being the smallest in the winter. Flathead catfish have a diel movement which is the largest in the summer time because of their spawning, which takes place from late spring to early summer, while in the winter they have the smallest diel movement because they are waiting for winter to end, which is called the
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the bank of land slightly overhangs the water and an area with fallen trees or woody debris. In specific, these catfish prefer a woody debris depth of at least 3 meters and a diameter of woody debris of at least 3 meters. Flathead catfish tend to have a home range of less than 2 kilometers, this means that they are a non-migratory species of fish.
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Diel movement is the migration of an animal during a 24-hour period. Flathead catfish have a change in their diel movement depending on the season. In the spring and summer, flathead catfish have an increase in their movement activity from midnight to dawn, with their diel movement being the greatest
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Flathead catfish are a benthic fish species meaning they are a ground fish which prefers to lay on the bottom of a body of water. These catfish prefer medium to large sized rivers with relatively warm water and stable slow moving currents. Flathead catfish prefer habitats with vertical banks, meaning
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of these catfish occurs when the temperature reaches roughly 66 to 75 °F (19 to 24 °C) and the flow of the stream or river becomes steady. When flathead catfish reach the ages of three to six years old they are considered sexually mature and the catfish are able to start reproducing. As
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The flathead catfish is olive colored on its sides and dorsum, with a white to yellow underside. Individuals, particularly young specimens from clearer waters, may be strongly mottled with dark brown to black color. The eyes are small and the lower jaw prominently projects beneath the upper. A
573:. Insect larvae are the major prey type until an individual reaches approximately 100 mm (3.9 in) in total length, at which point the diet expands to include crayfish and small fishes. Individuals above 250 mm (9.8 in) in length feed almost exclusively on other fish.
458:). More commonly, adult length is about 15–45 inches (38–114 cm). Its maximum recorded lifespan is 28 years. Reproductive maturity is reached between 4 and 5 years, or at approximately 18 inches (46 cm). The world angling record flathead catfish was caught May 19, 1998, from
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including northeastern Mexico. The flathead catfish cannot live in full-strength seawater (which is about 35 parts per thousand or about 35 grams of salt per liter of water), but it can survive in 10 ppt for a while and thrive in up to about 5 ppt.
466:, and weighed 55.79 kg (123.0 lb). However, a record from 1982, caught by "other methods", shows that the flathead catfish could be North America's longest species of catfish, after a specimen pulled from the
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in structure, and its upper lobe may bear an isolated white margin. The fins are otherwise brown, though the body's mottling may extend into the fins. The anal fin has 14 to 17 rays and a round margin.
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On average each female flathead lays a clutch of roughly 100,000 eggs. The role of the male catfish in fanning the clutch is to provide oxygen to the eggs through the use of his fins. The
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occurs in late June and early July, and the nests are made in areas with submerged logs and other debris. The males, which also build the nests, fiercely and tirelessly defend and fan the
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Bourret, Samuel L.; Tingley, Ralph W.; Kanno, Yoichiro; Vokoun, Jason C. (September 2008). "Maximum Daily
Consumption and Specific Daily Metabolic Demand of Juvenile Flathead Catfish (
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The flathead catfish grows to a length of 155 cm (61 in) and may weigh up to 55.79 kg (123.0 lb), making it the second-largest North
American catfish (after the
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Layher, William G.; Boles, Robert J. (1980). "Food Habits of the
Flathead Catfish, Pylodictis olivaris (Rafinesque), in Relation to Length and Season in a Large Kansas Reservoir".
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the current of the river or stream erodes away some of the river bed it creates natural depressions, these depressions tend to be where flathead catfish build their nests.
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1190:"Assessment of Range, Habitat Use, and Diel Movement of Flathead Catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) in the Wabash River Using Ultrasonic Telemetry"
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596:. The size of the clutch varies proportionately to the size of the female; an average of 2,640 eggs per kilogram of fish are laid.
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1171:"Demographics of a Commercially Exploited Population of Flathead Catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) in the Wabash River"
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535:. It also feeds on other small catfish and almost anything that moves and makes vibration. They are known to eat
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The fry frequent shallow areas with rocky and sandy substrates, where they feed on insects and worms such as
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Brodd, Nicholas (2012). Powers, Karen; Newtoff, Kiersten; Whistleman, Melissa; Wright, Jeremy (eds.).
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Langecker, Thomas G.; Longley, Glenn (1993). "Morphological
Adaptations of the Texas Blind Catfishes
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measured 175 centimetres (69 in) and weighed 63.45 kilograms (139 lb 14 oz).
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The flathead catfish prefers live prey. It is a voracious carnivore and feeds primarily on
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in some areas. The closest living relative of the flathead catfish is the much smaller
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At about the age of two years old, flathead catfish have a diet mainly consisting of
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Illes, Colin; Colm, Julia E.; Mandrak, Nicholas E.; Marson, David M. (8 May 2020).
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The flathead catfish is also known as the yellow cat, mud cat, Johnnie cat,
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The native range of the flathead catfish includes a broad area west of the
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Indiana
Division of Fish and Wildlife’s Animal Information Series
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1266:. Lists general information and resources for Flathead Catfish.
992:"Flathead Catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) reproduction in Canada"
832:"Flathead Catfish - Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife"
719:(Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) to Their Underground Environment".
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tooth pad has posterior extensions. The caudal fin is
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425:, pied cat and Mississippi cat. In dialect of the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1262:, National Invasive Species Information Center,
619:, which has largely precluded their presence in
690:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T202701A18234613.en
1028:Movement and habitat use of flathead catfish (
1097:Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science
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1589:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1264:United States National Agricultural Library
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494:basins. The range extends as far north as
389:, it has been widely introduced and is an
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429:it may be referred to as a "granny cat."
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1242:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
902:The International Game Fish Association
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1169:Moody-Carpenter, Cassi (2013-01-01).
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1579:Freshwater fish of the United States
1256:Species Profile - Flathead Catfish (
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1569:IUCN Red List least concern species
811:Missouri Department of Conservation
676:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1032:) in two Missouri interior streams
977:SC Wildlife magazine, October 2004
961:World Records - Freshwater Fishing
615:. Young flathead catfish are also
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482:encompassing large rivers of the
365:North American freshwater catfish
374:. It is the only species of the
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1076:"Pylodictis olivaris (Catfish)"
807:"Field Guide: Flathead Catfish"
45:needs additional citations for
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1156:10.1080/02705060.2008.9664218
1136:Journal of Freshwater Ecology
996:The Canadian Field-Naturalist
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1188:Huck, Sarah (2014-01-01).
347:), also called by several
646:List of fish common names
381:. Ranging from the lower
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183:Scientific classification
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1228:. December 2011 version.
1214:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1026:Vokoun, Jason C (2003).
1009:10.22621/cfn.v133i4.2323
474:Distribution and habitat
713:Trogloglanis pattersoni
547:), insects and larvae,
1584:Fish described in 1818
1065:- Retrieved 2017-11-17
786:- Retrieved 2017-11-17
770:- Retrieved 2017-11-17
758:- Retrieved 2017-11-17
683:: e.T202701A18234613.
558:Aplodinotus grunniens
541:American gizzard shad
480:Appalachian Mountains
1236:Pylodictis olivaris
1081:Animal Diversity Web
967:on January 30, 2020.
955:Pylodictis olivaris
932:Animal Diversity Web
894:"Catfish, flathead (
665:NatureServe (2014).
561:), other flatheads,
54:improve this article
1328:Pylodictis_olivaris
1314:Pylodictis olivaris
1284:Pylodictis olivaris
1258:Pylodictis olivaris
1218:Pylodictis olivaris
1148:2008JFEco..23..413B
1132:Pylodictis olivaris
1030:Pylodictis olivaris
926:Pylodictis olivaris
896:Pylodictis olivaris
669:Pylodictis olivaris
553:Ictalurus punctatus
545:Dorosoma cepedianum
502:, and south to the
385:region to northern
344:Pylodictis olivaris
299:Pylodictis olivaris
153:Conservation status
863:"Flathead Catfish"
460:Elk City Reservoir
456:Ictalurus furcatus
395:widemouth blindcat
69:"Flathead catfish"
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1528:Open Tree of Life
1276:Taxon identifiers
869:. 23 October 2017
567:Lepomis cyanellus
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782:Other names
780:Texas.gov:
696:19 November
621:aquaculture
613:polychaetes
590:P. olivaris
533:crustaceans
531:worms, and
484:Mississippi
433:Description
419:appaluchion
383:Great Lakes
372:Ictaluridae
250:Ictaluridae
1563:Categories
1247:30 January
1034:(Thesis).
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841:2024-06-10
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652:References
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379:Pylodictis
351:including
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216:Phylum:
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